109:
102:
36:
343:. This crater has an altitude of about 2,300 metres (7,500 ft) above sea level. These craters are surrounded by rims of fragmentary rocks, which form beds with thicknesses of several 1 centimetre (0.39 in). These beds have steep outward and much more gentle inward dips and are mostly constructed from
307:
Qal'eh Hasan Ali consists of maars, and it covers a surface area of 150 square kilometres (58 sq mi). 14 craters are found within the field, two of which are separate from the rest of the group. The craters have diameters of 150–1,000 metres (490–3,280 ft) and depths up to 80 metres
1112:
Pang, Kwan-Nang; Chung, Sun-Lin; Zarrinkoub, Mohammad
Hossein; Wang, Fei; Kamenetsky, Vadim S.; Lee, Hao-Yang (28 August 2015). "Quaternary high-Mg ultrapotassic rocks from the Qal'eh Hasan Ali maars, southeastern Iran: petrogenesis and geodynamic implications".
1217:
Chiu, Han-Yi; Chung, Sun-Lin; Zarrinkoub, Mohammad
Hossein; Mohammadi, Seyyed Saeid; Khatib, Mohammad Mahdi; Iizuka, Yoshiyuki (March 2013). "Zircon U–Pb age constraints from Iran on the magmatic evolution related to Neotethyan subduction and Zagros orogeny".
1150:
Saadat, S.; Stern, C.R.; Moradian, A. (August 2014). "Petrochemistry of ultrapotassic tephrites and associated cognate plutonic xenoliths with carbonatite affinities from the late
Quaternary Qa'le Hasan Ali maars, central Iran".
232:
is close to the field. They were discovered during geological reconnaissance by geologists of the
Yugoslav Institute for Geological and Mining exploration and originally considered to be impact craters.
193:. Consisting of 14 maars each of different size, its most significant crater is Great Crater, about 1.2 kilometres (0.75 mi) in width and 200–300 metres (660–980 ft) in depth.
445:-rich however. The formation of magma at Qal'eh Hasan Ali ultimately might depend on either the ongoing subduction at the Makran arc or to pre-existent
566:
Qal'eh Hasan Ali has been active during the
Quaternary, the eruptions that formed the craters probably took place between 5,000 and 50,000 years ago.
921:
Camp, V.E.; Griffis, R.J. (September 1982). "Character, genesis and tectonic setting of igneous rocks in the Sistan suture zone, eastern Iran".
58:
1268:
101:
754:"Geomorphological investigation of possible impact evidences for the crater-shaped structure of Zirouki in Samsour Desert, SE Iran"
587:
The eruptive activity that generated the craters was probably non-explosive, with fountaining. Maars are generally formed during
999:"Petrogenesis of OIB-like basaltic volcanic rocks in a continental collision zone: Late Cenozoic magmatism of Eastern Iran"
311:
347:; only on two craters including the Great Crater has juvenile material been found. Some craters may have been affected by
260:. The volcanic succession of the arc reaches thicknesses of 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) in some places and is dominated by
51:
339:) reaches a diameter of 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) and depth of 200–300 metres (660–980 ft); it also contains a
558:. Based on the composition, the temperature of the magma was approximately 1,010–1,125 °C (1,850–2,057 °F).
155:
425:
Qal'eh Hasan Ali and several volcanic centres 215 kilometres (134 mi) and more farther north may be part of an
1263:
640:"Trans-Boundary Volcanic SO2 Detected over Pakistan from Satellite Observations during the Time Period 2004–2012"
616:
229:
200:. The volcanism both of Qal'eh Hasan Ali and of several neighbouring volcanic centres is associated with a local
20:
1253:
897:
902:
567:
344:
285:
143:
539:
433:
fault, the projection of which crosses the Qal'eh Hasan Ali field. Volcanism along this fault has been
394:
and reached a peak at the end of the Eocene. After the Eocene, calc-alkaline volcanism diminished and
1223:
1189:
1160:
1122:
932:
376:
1205:
1138:
773:
340:
523:
406:
The craters of Qal'eh Hasan Ali are constructed within a basement of Eocene volcanic rocks and
419:
190:
1231:
1197:
1168:
1130:
1010:
940:
923:
765:
651:
588:
530:. Overall, rocks erupted in the field are considered to be alkaline rocks, with very high
221:
201:
178:
121:
300:
segment and ceased 6 million years ago. At the same time the continent collision between
1227:
1193:
1164:
1126:
936:
1258:
572:
352:
273:
174:
570:
on rocks from the Great Crater have indicated an age of 119,000–112,000 years ago. No
1247:
1209:
1142:
944:
753:
484:
446:
261:
205:
197:
777:
547:
480:
407:
277:
237:
293:
35:
1235:
1172:
1015:
998:
379:
as well as by ongoing subduction off the Makran area. The resulting collision of
600:
551:
543:
535:
430:
415:
387:
372:
892:
1134:
769:
656:
639:
469:
438:
356:
245:
186:
326:
313:
240:, specifically its southeastern segment. This volcanic arc extends along the
73:
60:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
531:
527:
492:
348:
249:
511:
have also been found at the Great Crater vent, including probably magmatic
410:, with the exception of the two outlying craters which are found in desert
296:. Activity in the arc diminished starting from 22 million years ago in its
508:
504:
500:
476:
472:
461:
457:
426:
411:
391:
368:
289:
281:
253:
1180:
Milton, D. J. (September 1977). "Qal'eh hasan ali maars, central Iran".
1201:
599:. In the case of Qal'eh Hasan Ali, the water may have been supplied by
516:
512:
496:
380:
297:
209:
796:
794:
690:
688:
686:
584:
has been detected in
Pakistan that could be attributed to this field.
1055:
1053:
872:
870:
857:
855:
555:
488:
465:
442:
301:
269:
265:
257:
241:
225:
204:
zone. The general area of Iran has been affected by the collision of
441:
in the north and 2.6–2.2 mya farther south. This older volcanism is
752:
Mansouri
Daneshvar, Mohammad Reza; Bagherzadeh, Ali (9 July 2013).
604:
596:
592:
534:
content as is found in volcanic rocks that were erupted along the
395:
148:
434:
224:
of Iran, approximately 100 kilometres (62 mi) southeast of
182:
170:
125:
16:
Maar-producing volcanic field southeast of Kerman
Province, Iran
550:. The existence of calcite within the rocks has indicated that
522:
The composition of Qal'eh Hasan Ali rocks has been compared to
196:
This volcanic field was originally considered to be a field of
739:
727:
706:
244:
mountain range and has been interpreted as being caused by
1028:
1026:
956:
954:
842:
840:
1095:
1083:
815:
813:
811:
809:
800:
694:
673:
671:
669:
667:
422:
with a thickness exceeding 25 kilometres (16 mi).
383:
and continents has formed the
Iranian high plateau.
264:
rocks. Another volcanic arc in Iran is found in the
1071:
1059:
1044:
997:Kheirkhah, M.; Neill, I.; Allen, M.B. (July 2015).
984:
972:
876:
861:
308:(260 ft); the largest crater ("Great Crater" (
304:and Eurasia occurred, starting from the northwest.
154:
142:
137:
89:
50:
45:
28:
916:
914:
912:
542:. The magmas of the field probably formed in the
554:may be involved. The analyzed rocks are rich in
460:have been found at Qal'eh Hasan Ali, as well as
371:province that was formed by the closures of the
236:Qal'eh Hasan Ali is part of the Urmiah-Dokhtar
429:volcanic province associated with the Nayband
633:
631:
8:
108:
40:NASA Landsat image (with north to the top)
25:
1115:Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology
1014:
655:
519:is present at the Great Crater as well.
284:. Other young volcanoes in Iran are the
189:age, though it has produced no historic
627:
386:Volcanic activity in the region of the
280:volcanoes, the second of which lies in
1032:
960:
887:
885:
846:
831:
819:
677:
603:from the neighbouring Rud-e-Sang Zard
256:. Volcanism reached a peak during the
7:
367:Qal'eh Hasan Ali is part of a large
414:. Qal'eh Hasan Ali lies on the Lut
212:, resulting in volcanic activity.
14:
1072:Saadat, Stern & Moradian 2014
1060:Saadat, Stern & Moradian 2014
1045:Saadat, Stern & Moradian 2014
985:Saadat, Stern & Moradian 2014
973:Saadat, Stern & Moradian 2014
877:Saadat, Stern & Moradian 2014
862:Saadat, Stern & Moradian 2014
591:activity from the interaction of
644:Aerosol and Air Quality Research
107:
100:
34:
1153:Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
1003:Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
503:dominated by augite and lesser
228:. The village of the same name
1:
220:Qal'eh Hasan Ali lies in the
1269:Landforms of Kerman province
1236:10.1016/j.lithos.2013.01.006
1173:10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.03.021
1016:10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.02.027
945:10.1016/0024-4937(82)90014-7
398:volcanism became dominant.
185:. The field is presumed of
1285:
638:Khattak, Palwasha (2014).
546:that had been affected by
268:area and is formed by the
18:
1135:10.1007/s00410-015-1183-y
770:10.1007/s12145-013-0125-3
758:Earth Science Informatics
657:10.4209/aaqr.2013.12.0361
617:List of volcanoes in Iran
351:activity, which has left
94:
33:
898:Global Volcanism Program
475:. The tephrites contain
1182:Bulletin Volcanologique
903:Smithsonian Institution
216:Geography and structure
568:Potassium-argon dating
252:, starting during the
21:Qal'eh Hasan Ali, Iran
540:continental collision
390:commenced during the
327:29.39417°N 57.55806°E
177:located southeast of
19:For the village, see
375:, Neotethys and the
286:Bijar volcanic field
1228:2013Litho.162...70C
1194:1977BVol...40..201M
1165:2014JAESc..89..108S
1127:2015CoMP..170...27P
937:1982Litho..15..221C
437:dated at 15.6–14.3
323: /
70: /
1202:10.1007/BF02597000
893:"Qal'eh Hasan Ali"
332:29.39417; 57.55806
46:Highest point
1264:Volcanoes of Iran
499:, phlogopite and
420:continental crust
355:minerals such as
164:
163:
1276:
1239:
1213:
1176:
1146:
1099:
1096:Pang et al. 2015
1093:
1087:
1084:Pang et al. 2015
1081:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1021:
1020:
1018:
994:
988:
982:
976:
970:
964:
958:
949:
948:
918:
907:
906:
889:
880:
874:
865:
859:
850:
844:
835:
829:
823:
817:
804:
801:Pang et al. 2015
798:
789:
788:
786:
784:
749:
743:
740:Chiu et al. 2013
737:
731:
728:Chiu et al. 2013
725:
710:
707:Chiu et al. 2013
704:
698:
695:Pang et al. 2015
692:
681:
675:
662:
661:
659:
635:
583:
581:
580:
562:Eruptive history
338:
337:
335:
334:
333:
328:
324:
321:
320:
319:
316:
230:Qal'eh Hasan Ali
167:Qal'eh Hasan Ali
115:Qal'eh Hasan Ali
111:
110:
104:
85:
84:
82:
81:
80:
75:
71:
68:
67:
66:
63:
38:
29:Qal'eh Hasan Ali
26:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1254:Volcanic fields
1244:
1243:
1242:
1222:. 162–163: 85.
1216:
1179:
1149:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1094:
1090:
1082:
1078:
1070:
1066:
1058:
1051:
1043:
1039:
1031:
1024:
996:
995:
991:
983:
979:
971:
967:
959:
952:
920:
919:
910:
891:
890:
883:
875:
868:
860:
853:
845:
838:
830:
826:
818:
807:
799:
792:
782:
780:
751:
750:
746:
738:
734:
726:
713:
705:
701:
693:
684:
676:
665:
637:
636:
629:
625:
613:
589:phreatomagmatic
579:
576:
575:
574:
571:
564:
455:
404:
365:
331:
329:
325:
322:
317:
314:
312:
310:
309:
222:Kerman province
218:
179:Kerman Province
133:
132:
131:
130:
129:
122:Kerman Province
119:
118:
117:
116:
112:
78:
76:
72:
69:
64:
61:
59:
57:
56:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1282:
1280:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1214:
1188:(3): 201–208.
1177:
1147:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1088:
1076:
1074:, p. 120.
1064:
1062:, p. 108.
1049:
1047:, p. 114.
1037:
1035:, p. 206.
1022:
989:
987:, p. 121.
977:
975:, p. 115.
965:
963:, p. 207.
950:
908:
881:
879:, p. 110.
866:
864:, p. 109.
851:
849:, p. 202.
836:
834:, p. 204.
824:
822:, p. 203.
805:
790:
744:
732:
711:
699:
682:
680:, p. 201.
663:
626:
624:
621:
620:
619:
612:
609:
577:
563:
560:
454:
451:
447:asthenospheric
403:
400:
364:
361:
353:sodium sulfate
217:
214:
198:impact craters
175:volcanic field
162:
161:
158:
152:
151:
146:
140:
139:
135:
134:
120:
114:
113:
106:
105:
99:
98:
97:
96:
95:
92:
91:
87:
86:
74:29.5°N 57.57°E
54:
48:
47:
43:
42:
39:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1281:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1098:, p. 15.
1097:
1092:
1089:
1086:, p. 10.
1085:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
993:
990:
986:
981:
978:
974:
969:
966:
962:
957:
955:
951:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
925:
917:
915:
913:
909:
904:
900:
899:
894:
888:
886:
882:
878:
873:
871:
867:
863:
858:
856:
852:
848:
843:
841:
837:
833:
828:
825:
821:
816:
814:
812:
810:
806:
802:
797:
795:
791:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
748:
745:
742:, p. 71.
741:
736:
733:
730:, p. 85.
729:
724:
722:
720:
718:
716:
712:
709:, p. 70.
708:
703:
700:
696:
691:
689:
687:
683:
679:
674:
672:
670:
668:
664:
658:
653:
649:
645:
641:
634:
632:
628:
622:
618:
615:
614:
610:
608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
585:
582:
569:
561:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
485:clinopyroxene
482:
478:
474:
471:
467:
463:
459:
452:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
401:
399:
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
378:
377:Sistan oceans
374:
370:
362:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
336:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
262:calc-alkaline
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
234:
231:
227:
223:
215:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
159:
157:
156:Last eruption
153:
150:
147:
145:
144:Mountain type
141:
136:
127:
123:
103:
93:
88:
83:
55:
53:
49:
44:
37:
32:
27:
22:
1219:
1185:
1181:
1156:
1152:
1118:
1114:
1091:
1079:
1067:
1040:
1006:
1002:
992:
980:
968:
928:
922:
896:
827:
803:, p. 3.
781:. Retrieved
761:
757:
747:
735:
702:
697:, p. 2.
647:
643:
586:
565:
552:carbonatites
548:metasomatism
521:
481:anorthoclase
456:
424:
408:granodiorite
405:
385:
366:
345:country rock
306:
278:Koh-i-Sultan
238:volcanic arc
235:
219:
195:
166:
165:
1159:: 108–122.
1033:Milton 1977
961:Milton 1977
847:Milton 1977
832:Milton 1977
820:Milton 1977
678:Milton 1977
650:(6): 1547.
601:groundwater
544:lithosphere
536:Alpide belt
453:Composition
449:processes.
431:strike-slip
373:Paleotethys
330: /
173:-producing
79:29.5; 57.57
77: /
52:Coordinates
1248:Categories
931:(3): 236.
764:(4): 242.
623:References
538:after the
524:kamafugite
470:phlogopite
357:mirabilite
318:57°33′29″E
315:29°23′39″N
246:subduction
187:Quaternary
1210:129545531
1143:129828767
1121:(3): 27.
783:18 August
532:potassium
528:lamproite
509:Xenoliths
493:magnetite
458:Tephrites
349:fumarolic
294:Sar'akhor
250:Neotethys
191:eruptions
90:Geography
611:See also
505:aegirine
501:pyroxene
477:analcime
473:cumulate
462:basanite
427:alkaline
412:alluvium
392:Jurassic
381:terranes
369:orogenic
341:salt pan
298:Armenian
290:Damavand
282:Pakistan
254:Triassic
1224:Bibcode
1190:Bibcode
1161:Bibcode
1123:Bibcode
1105:Sources
933:Bibcode
778:9187043
517:Apatite
513:calcite
497:olivine
464:and an
418:, over
363:Geology
248:of the
210:Eurasia
160:Unknown
138:Geology
65:57°34′E
62:29°30′N
1220:Lithos
1208:
1141:
1009:: 26.
924:Lithos
776:
556:sulfur
489:hauyne
466:augite
443:sodium
302:Arabia
274:Taftan
270:Bazman
266:Makran
258:Eocene
242:Zagros
226:Kerman
206:Arabia
1259:Maars
1206:S2CID
1139:S2CID
774:S2CID
605:river
597:magma
595:with
593:water
416:block
402:Local
396:mafic
208:with
202:fault
169:is a
149:Maars
785:2016
526:and
435:K-Ar
292:and
276:and
183:Iran
171:maar
126:Iran
1232:doi
1198:doi
1169:doi
1131:doi
1119:170
1011:doi
1007:106
941:doi
766:doi
652:doi
439:mya
388:Lut
1250::
1230:.
1204:.
1196:.
1186:40
1184:.
1167:.
1157:89
1155:.
1137:.
1129:.
1117:.
1052:^
1025:^
1005:.
1001:.
953:^
939:.
929:15
927:.
911:^
901:.
895:.
884:^
869:^
854:^
839:^
808:^
793:^
772:.
760:.
756:.
714:^
685:^
666:^
648:14
646:.
642:.
630:^
607:.
573:SO
515:.
507:.
495:,
491:,
487:,
483:,
479:,
359:.
288:,
272:,
181:,
124:,
1238:.
1234::
1226::
1212:.
1200::
1192::
1175:.
1171::
1163::
1145:.
1133::
1125::
1019:.
1013::
947:.
943::
935::
905:.
787:.
768::
762:6
660:.
654::
578:2
468:-
128:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
