862:
5438:
7553:
1837:
1493:
5431:
109:
850:
3935:
4760:
1961:
4746:
838:
882:
392:
7005:
2375:
6226:
826:
6991:
982:
1238:
4739:
6998:
3941:
5445:
127:
681:
4753:
1118:
7566:
6244:
1311:
6232:
1733:
1425:
600:
6251:
1791:
1464:
7560:
1107:
6985:
1652:
1343:
2173:
2064:
1260:
482:
1762:
1515:
1704:
1372:
6239:
1282:
7591:
2124:
was found in "bed 34", which is intermediate in age relative to the sediments of the formation as a whole and is the locality from which a majority of the formation's dinosaur body fossils have been recovered. Beds 21 through 41 â which are grouped together in the description of the stratigraphy of
2091:
The
Dinosaur Park and Oldman formations are composed of sediments that were derived from the erosion of the mountains to the west. They were deposited on an alluvial to coastal plain by river systems that flowed eastward and southeastward to the Bearpaw Sea, a large inland sea that was part of the
3351:
Xu, Li; Buffetaut, Eric; o'Connor, Jingmai; Zhang, Xingliao; Jia, Songhai; Zhang, Jiming; Chang, Huali; Tong, Haiyan (2021). "A new, remarkably preserved, enantiornithine bird from the Upper
Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Henan (Central China) and convergent evolution between enantiornithines and
2243:
are from differing localities, some of which are unknown, but most of the material that is confidently assigned to individual localities are from the lower half of the
Dinosaur Park Formation, about 20 meters above the contact with the Oldman Formation. This corresponds to what has been called
1186:, which they refer to as the "North American clade" (after Kobiyashi and LĂŒ who recovered the same clade). This clade is diagnosed by a very acute angle between pubic shaft and boot and a tip of anterior extension of the pubic boot. They also comment on the discovery of some material from the
735:
conditions vary for the different bones of the holotype. The pelvic elements are crushed and not completely preserved, and the right side of these bones are more intact than those of the left side. The leg bones are mostly complete and several of the ankle elements were partially articulated.
644:
as 320 millimetres (13 in), 384 millimetres (15.1 in), and 233 millimetres (9.2 in) respectively. They did not give an estimate for the animal's overall size, but Rubén Molina-Pérez and Asier
Larramendi suggested a length of 2.85 metres (9.4 ft) and a mass of 63 kilograms
961:
because the specimen consists of bones that are not present in the holotype (the vertebrae and bones of the arm). The authors also note that the morphology of these elements is broadly similar to other North
American ornithomimosaurs and if CMN 8902 is an individual of
2568:
Li Xu; Yoshitsugu
Kobayashi; Junchang LĂŒ; Yuong-Nam Lee; Yongqing Liu; Kohei Tanaka; Xingliao Zhang; Songhai Jia; Jiming Zhang (2011). "A new ornithomimid dinosaur with North American affinities from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation in Henan Province of China".
1085:. Averianov and colleagues suggested, based on the presence of active secondary remodeling and the lack of an external fundamental system, that the individual was a young adult which was still actively growing when it died. They do not specifically refer it to
2054:
are the descendants of animals which immigrated to Asia during this period. The exact time that this migration occurred is uncertain because the geochronology of
Cretaceous Asia has not been studied as thoroughly as the geochronology of North America.
3068:
Cullen, Thomas M.; Zanno, Lindsay; Larson, Derek W.; Todd, Erinn; Currie, Philip J.; Evans, David C. (2021). "Anatomical, morphometric, and stratigraphic analyses of theropod biodiversity in the Upper
Cretaceous (Campanian) Dinosaur Park Formation".
2747:
Han, Fei; Wang, Qiang; Wang, Huapei; Zhu, Xufeng; Zhou, Xinying; Wang, Zhixiang; Fang, Kaiyong; Stidham, Thomas A.; Wang, Wei; Wang, Xiaolin; Li, Xiaoqiang; Qin, Huafeng; Fan, Longgang; Wen, Chen; Luo, Jianhong; Pan, Yongxin; Deng, Chenglong (2022).
743:
has a mix of derived and plesiomorphic features. The toe claws are curved downwards, which resembles the condition seen in basal ornithomimosaurs and is unlike other derived ornithomimids from Asia. The metatarsals display the
2315:
Small dinosaurs in general appear to have overlapped in their temporal distribution much more significantly. Most remains from small theropods are from the lower half of the
Dinosaur Park Formation, where the remains of
2719:
Jiang, X.-J.; Liu, Y.-Q.; Ji, S.-A.; Zhang, X.-L.; Xu, L.; Jia, S.-H.; LĂŒ, J.-C.; Yuan, C.-X.; Li, M. (2011). "Dinosaur-bearing strata and K/T boundary in the
Luanchuan-Tantou Basin of western Henan Province, China".
790:(which is a single partial hindlimb) because ornithomimosaur and tyrannosauroid legs bear a number of superficial similarities. Although these similarities unite these groups in morphology to the exclusion of other
910:
had not been assigned to any particular genus on their initial discovery. In 2017, a team of authors led by Bradly McFeeters revisited these specimens and referred several of them to the recently described genus,
1596:(i.e. in a derived position closely-related to North American taxa). Examples of such analyses include Brusatte and colleagues (2014), Serrano-Brañas and colleagues (2020), and Hattori and colleagues (2023).
727:
from the right hindlimb. These bones are not confidently assigned to a single animal, but the size of the bones relative to one another suggests that they come from a minimum of two similarly-sized animals.
1005:) may not be a true autapomorphy because a similar condition is present in the specimen TMP 1994.012.1010, which has not been referred to any particular species. They also remark that, because of the poor
861:
3039:
Choiniere, Jonah N.; Forster, Catherine A.; De Klerk, William J. (2012). "New information on Nqwebasaurus thwazi, a coelurosaurian theropod from the Early Cretaceous Kirkwood Formation in South Africa".
938:
before the Dinosaur Park and Oldman formations were split into two distinct geological units, and the notes he gave were not sufficient to identify exactly from which locality he collected CMN 8902.
660:, a short anterior extension of the pubic boot, an arctometatarsalian condition of the third metatarsal, a straight pubic shaft, and a wide angle between the pubic shaft and boot. Some of these are
528:. The foot claws of the new specimens in particular were nearly identical to those of the holotype. As a result, they referred these new remains to the genus, but they did not assign it to the
2509:
3205:
Mallon, Jordan C.; Evans, David C.; Ryan, Michael J.; Anderson, Jason S. (2012). "Megaherbivorous dinosaur turnover in the Dinosaur Park Formation (Upper Campanian) of Alberta, Canada".
3308:
LĂŒ, Junchang; Currie, Philip J.; Xu, Li; Zhang, Xingliao; Pu, Hanyong; Jia, Songhai (2013). "Chicken-sized oviraptorid dinosaurs from central China and their ontogenetic implications".
591:
which may have participated in a faunal dispersal from North America to Asia. However, Averianov and colleagues did not refer the remains to any specific genus within ornithomimidae.
2668:
1157:
in 2003. They added character information for several newly discovered taxa and ran their analysis using 47 unordered characters assigned to 14 taxa, and their analysis included
571:
was described by Alexander Averianov and colleagues. The tibia is believed to be from the end of the Maastrichtian, and the authors noted that its morphology was very similar to
2196:. The Dinosaur Park Formation is one of the most well-studied paleoenvironments in the world. Dozens of species are known from various parts of the formation including massive
1940:. As such, no concrete hypotheses of the animal's diet have been made, although Cullen and colleagues suggested that it probably had a similar diet to other ornithomimids like
7795:
3103:"Revised geochronology, correlation, and dinosaur stratigraphic ranges of the Santonian-Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) formations of the Western Interior of North America"
881:
957:
to those known from the holotype. However, McFeeters and colleagues noted that several of the bones of CMN 8902 were not able to be compared with the holotype of
2905:
Serrano-Brañas, Claudia Inés; Espinosa-Chåvez, Belinda; MacCracken, S. Augusta; Gutiérrez-Blando, Cirene; De León-Dåvila, Claudio; Ventura, José Flores (2020). "
837:
7800:
521:
formations was erected, and the precise locality from which it was collected is not certain. Therefore, the specimen's precise age is also uncertain.
2504:
470:
which included Li Xu, Yoshitsugu Kobayashi, Junchang LĂŒ, Yuong-Nam Lee, Yongqing Liu, Kohei Tanaka, Xingliao Zhang, Songhai Jia, and Jiming Zhang. The
7721:
7654:
5437:
7810:
5430:
7552:
825:
7815:
849:
2519:
2811:. Translated by Connolly, David; RamĂrez Cruz, Gonzalo Ăngel. Illustrated by Andrey Atuchin and Sante Mazzei. Princeton University Press.
3397:
766:. The shape of the pubis is also more similar to ornithomimids from North America than it is to non-ornithomimid ornithomimosaurs like
7825:
2816:
524:
When these newer specimens were described, the authors noted that they bore significant morphological similarities to the holotype of
2954:"New theropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Japan provides critical implications for the early evolution of ornithomimosaurs"
699:, given the designation HGM 41HIII-0106, consists of several disarticulated bones from the postcranial skeleton. These include both
3170:
1599:
Averianov and Dieter-Sues recovered a slightly different phylogeny using the data set produced by Jonah Choiniere and colleagues in
4759:
6225:
930:
and the CMN specimen was from an uncertain locality east of the Little Sandhill Creek locality, which may have been a part of the
7775:
4745:
2116:
is subdivided into three sections laterally, which correspond to different outcroppings of the rock layer. Section A, in which
6990:
3934:
3187:
7820:
2499:
1600:
1013:
4738:
2402:. Remains of large dinosaurs are fragmentary and indeterminate in identity, with many of them only being diagnostic to the
7004:
3940:
2120:
was found, is subdivided into 60 distinct beds, which themselves are numbered in ascending order from oldest to youngest.
454:
to be discovered in the area, and when it was described, it added to the known diversity of Asian ornithomimosaurs of the
293:
7581:
7431:
6243:
1040:. It was the first material of an ornithomimosaur to be described from this locality, which had previously only yielded
7790:
5444:
6997:
4752:
3267:
LĂŒ, J. C.; Xu, L.; Chang, H. L.; Jia, S. H.; Zhang, J. M.; Gao, D. S.; Zhang, Y. Y.; Zhang, C. J.; Ding, F. (2018).
7785:
7565:
3269:"A new alvarezsaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Luanchuan, Henan Province, central China"
126:
6250:
2909:, a large deinocheirid ornithomimosaur from the Cerro del Pueblo Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Coahuila, Mexico".
1836:
1492:
108:
7780:
2857:"Gradual Assembly of Avian Body Plan Culminated in Rapid Rates of Evolution across the Dinosaur-Bird Transition"
3485:
3008:"Ornithomimidae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bissekty Formation (Upper Cretaceous: Turonian) of Uzbekistan"
2036:) are known to have migrated from North America to Asia. Furthermore, it has been suggested that animals like
517:
and CMN 8902. The latter specimen was discovered in 1921 before the delineation between the Dinosaur Park and
6231:
1009:
of many ornithomimosaur fossils, it is difficult to determine whether or not other taxa possessed this trait.
7559:
2088:
as a whole is relatively confidently known to have been deposited between 79.50 and 75.46 million years ago.
3390:
3161:
2514:
2193:
2093:
2085:
1187:
945:
because they were not diagnostic to the species level, but they strongly resembled some of the bones of the
927:
652:: a notch on the medial posterior process of the tibia, a small pit near the articular surface between the
514:
475:
1960:
7805:
7607:
391:
781:
In their description of the holotype, Xu and colleagues made numerous comparisons to the holotype of the
7747:
7680:
5956:
5868:
2750:"Low dinosaur biodiversity in central China 2 million years prior to the end-Cretaceous mass extinction"
1151:
analysis based on the dataset compiled by Yoshitsugu Kobayashi and JunâChang LĂŒ in their description of
6984:
2374:
7517:
5645:
5613:
3317:
3280:
2918:
2856:
2761:
2144:
1029:
954:
935:
560:
251:
981:
5969:
5756:
2395:
2336:. It has also been hypothesized that they may have formed multi-species assemblages, analogous to
6238:
3228:
Arbour, V. M.; Burns, M. E.; Sissons, R. L. (2009). "A redescription of the ankylosaurid dinosaur
2474:
532:. The significance of this referral was noted by the authors. It extended the temporal range of
404:
7424:
5945:
5805:
5661:
5601:
5036:
4946:
4829:
3693:
3383:
3249:
2934:
2887:
2669:"First find of an ornithomimid theropod dinosaur in the Upper Cretaceous of the Russian Far East"
2217:
2009:
1997:
1674:
1646:
1337:
121:
7752:
7685:
442:
The Qiupa Formation preserves a wide variety of dinosaur eggs, many of which have been named as
1237:
1190:, that may also belong to this clade. This material would later be described and referred to "
7734:
7667:
7306:
7223:
7197:
7036:
7023:
6901:
6459:
6411:
5243:
4593:
3672:
3333:
3166:
3142:
3124:
2985:
2879:
2812:
2789:
2690:
2457:
2156:
2101:
1993:
1625:
as being the most basal member of this clade. The results of their analysis are shown below.
1201:
903:
680:
653:
502:
324:
213:
7739:
7672:
7595:
7410:
7167:
7077:
6866:
6798:
6661:
6580:
6552:
6512:
6393:
6363:
5881:
5634:
5498:
5355:
5255:
5104:
5011:
4969:
4536:
3846:
3361:
3325:
3288:
3241:
3210:
3132:
3114:
3078:
3045:
3019:
2975:
2965:
2926:
2871:
2779:
2769:
2729:
2680:
2636:
2578:
2403:
2379:
2189:
2081:
1037:
931:
617:
603:
568:
518:
494:
408:
1117:
985:
Proximal view of the tibia from CMN 9802, showing the notch on the medial posterior process
7473:
7211:
7174:
7106:
6961:
6954:
6782:
6724:
6697:
6687:
6647:
6482:
6341:
6325:
6143:
6115:
6093:
5980:
5825:
5532:
5306:
5189:
5167:
5088:
4917:
4894:
4887:
4865:
4851:
4844:
4805:
4656:
4503:
4430:
4419:
4355:
4243:
4130:
3707:
3616:
3470:
3445:
2444:
2440:
2411:
2387:
2296:
2233:
2213:
2113:
2026:
1698:
1366:
1153:
1049:
1045:
1021:
916:
899:
745:
455:
451:
420:
400:
334:
331:
30:
7645:
2620:
2464:
This environment was also home to a variety of other animals. These would have included
3321:
3284:
2980:
2953:
2922:
2765:
2104:
on top of the Dinosaur Park Formation, which is in turn on top of the Oldman Formation.
1992:
originated in North America and only migrated into Asia later, near the very end of the
1310:
458:. It was described in 2011 by a team of scientists from various institutions in China,
7438:
7401:
7382:
7344:
7333:
7130:
6843:
6809:
6791:
6771:
6668:
6382:
6127:
5989:
5816:
5798:
5626:
5593:
5579:
5540:
5314:
5175:
5132:
5125:
5047:
5023:
4976:
4935:
4872:
4858:
4586:
4571:
4398:
4232:
4096:
4064:
4053:
4030:
3992:
3853:
3823:
3747:
3686:
3585:
3137:
3102:
2784:
2749:
2482:
2407:
2308:
2266:
2180:, one of the most common animals in the lower Dinosaur Park Formation, crossing a river
1732:
1632:
1424:
1323:
1275:
1090:
1054:
990:
782:
768:
661:
226:
2834:"A new ornithomimid dinosaur with gregarious habits from the Late Cretaceous of China"
2667:
Averianov, Alexander; Skutschas, Pavel; Bolotsky, Yuriy; Bolotsky, Ivan (2023-12-31).
1790:
1463:
919:, partial limb bones, and hip bones), UALVP 53595 (an ankle bone), UALVP 52861 (pedal
748:
condition, and they are almost identical to the other derived ornithomimids including
599:
7769:
7480:
7326:
7287:
7266:
7145:
7138:
7065:
6859:
6832:
6706:
6623:
6601:
6594:
6587:
6530:
6447:
6310:
6282:
6269:
6193:
6070:
5910:
5744:
5675:
5561:
5548:
5293:
5271:
5264:
5228:
5201:
5153:
5077:
4813:
4604:
4578:
4494:
4475:
4468:
4405:
4384:
4363:
4348:
4334:
4293:
4259:
4252:
4171:
4023:
3910:
3903:
3830:
3800:
3789:
3679:
3650:
3643:
3569:
3049:
2938:
2833:
2453:
2417:
2356:
2332:
2278:
2252:
2197:
2152:
2137:
2032:
2005:
1977:
1948:
1755:
1621:
1508:
1253:
1176:
1164:
1070:
968:
786:
756:
669:
665:
628:
584:
541:
424:
419:. Lithological correlation of the local strata has dated the Qiupa Formation to the
66:
3253:
423:. More specific analyses have suggested that the formation dates to the end of the
7452:
7390:
7360:
7280:
7273:
7251:
7243:
7123:
7115:
7095:
6818:
6737:
6675:
6566:
6537:
6489:
6318:
6303:
6078:
6010:
5938:
5917:
5896:
5712:
5668:
5476:
5463:
5393:
5346:
5221:
5111:
5063:
5056:
4993:
4962:
4955:
4836:
4663:
4515:
4412:
4314:
4307:
4202:
4186:
4122:
4073:
4005:
3782:
3665:
3658:
3629:
3592:
3561:
2891:
2449:
2362:
2326:
2290:
2284:
2272:
2246:
2225:
2038:
1942:
1929:
1830:
1615:
1610:
1486:
1182:
994:
974:
953:. In particular, UALVP 52861 (a pedal ungual) was noted to be almost identical in
750:
720:
704:
700:
633:
622:
529:
498:
428:
380:
259:
3024:
3007:
2582:
2096:. That sea gradually inundated the adjacent coastal plain, depositing the marine
1651:
1342:
1106:
7712:
3214:
3119:
2930:
7639:
7506:
7487:
7417:
7367:
7353:
7295:
7236:
7181:
7058:
6852:
6744:
6713:
6630:
6616:
6348:
6296:
6164:
6086:
6049:
5931:
5903:
5856:
5776:
5654:
5511:
5362:
5335:
5235:
5182:
5118:
5097:
5070:
4821:
4634:
4627:
4613:
4439:
4286:
4277:
4179:
4150:
4080:
4045:
4038:
3838:
3816:
3809:
3768:
3760:
3736:
3721:
3700:
3608:
3600:
2855:
Brusatte, Stephen L.; Lloyd, Graeme T.; Wang, Steve C.; Norell, Mark A. (2014).
2625:(Theropoda: Ornithomimidae) and the palaeobiogeography of derived ornithomimids"
2431:
2302:
2221:
2201:
2172:
2140:
2063:
2050:
2020:
1996:. This is consistent with the suggestion by other researchers that significant
1814:
1605:
1402:
1305:
1259:
1215:
1033:
791:
649:
641:
564:
459:
41:
7630:
2970:
1964:
North America and Asia were sporadically connected during the Cretaceous Period
1761:
1514:
481:
7445:
7374:
7319:
6940:
6755:
6573:
6559:
6544:
6496:
6430:
6356:
6178:
6171:
6157:
6063:
5996:
5924:
5888:
5841:
5783:
5769:
5736:
5728:
5721:
5702:
5525:
5490:
5278:
4879:
4670:
4620:
4557:
4528:
4483:
4461:
4454:
4446:
4370:
4266:
4225:
4218:
4210:
4194:
4114:
3985:
3861:
3714:
3577:
3436:
3365:
3329:
2875:
2733:
2479:
2435:
2229:
2209:
2205:
2126:
2044:
1933:
1727:
1703:
1592:
More recent phylogenetic analyses have recovered mostly similar positions for
1419:
1371:
1231:
1159:
1064:
774:
762:
716:
580:
184:
86:
51:
3159:
Eberth, D.A. 2005. The geology. In: Currie, P.J., and Koppelhus, E.B. (eds),
3128:
2952:
Hattori, S.; Shibata, M.; Kawabe, S.; Imai, T.; Nishi, H.; Azuma, Y. (2023).
2694:
2685:
2641:
7466:
7159:
7152:
6825:
6764:
6418:
6136:
5682:
5586:
5321:
4906:
4791:
4778:
4705:
4641:
4564:
4543:
4300:
4163:
3971:
3958:
3876:
3728:
3547:
3534:
3497:
3406:
2774:
2469:
2129:
2001:
1985:
1981:
1281:
1148:
1078:
1059:
1006:
732:
657:
549:
537:
436:
368:
197:
138:
91:
3337:
3146:
3082:
2989:
2883:
2793:
934:, although the authors are not certain. The CMN specimen was collected by
684:
A diagram of the metatarsals of several ornithomimosaur species, including
587:
affinities. They hypothesized that it was from an animal very similar to
7706:
7624:
7050:
6475:
6468:
6440:
6333:
5833:
5214:
4550:
4377:
4138:
3775:
3454:
3430:
3245:
2423:
2399:
2133:
1928:
is not known, although it is assumed that it was likely similar to other
1144:
1082:
1041:
946:
692:
471:
360:
327:
171:
158:
81:
76:
61:
56:
46:
2348:
also likely coexisted with the three known caenagnathids from the area,
1089:, but they do remark that it bears the most similarity to it out of all
7726:
7659:
6608:
6370:
6100:
6003:
5328:
4649:
3293:
3268:
3232:
Parks, 1924 (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) and a revision of the genus".
2486:
2350:
907:
708:
506:
376:
352:
317:
96:
71:
3186:
Alroy, John; Carrano, Matthew; Benson, Roger; Mannion, Philip (2021).
2300:. These herbivores would have been preyed upon by the tyrannosaurids
7259:
6947:
4391:
3424:
2465:
2391:
2341:
2148:
1952:
and may have even coexisted alongside them with minimal competition.
1024:, which they stated bears considerable similarity to the holotype of
576:
513:. These included the specimens UALVP 53595 and UALVP 52861 from the
510:
467:
443:
395:
A map of the Qiupa Formation with a corresponding stratigraphic chart
372:
301:
148:
7601:
2619:
McFeeters, B.; Ryan, M.J.; Schröder-Adams, C.; Currie, P.J. (2017).
2394:
rich, although only a few species excavated from the area have been
1016:, Alexander Averianov and colleagues published a description of the
3165:. Indiana University Press: Bloomington and Indianapolis, p.54-82.
2809:
Dinosaur Facts and Figures: The Theropods and Other Dinosauriformes
6107:
5848:
5790:
3162:
Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed
2373:
2337:
2171:
2097:
2062:
1959:
1017:
1002:
980:
712:
679:
637:
598:
556:
480:
463:
416:
412:
390:
342:
338:
320:
2151:
to form. This area is also interpreted as having been part of a
7523:
6150:
1973:
1937:
920:
724:
474:
consists of a partial postcranial skeleton and is housed in the
364:
7605:
7021:
6267:
5461:
4776:
3956:
3532:
3417:
3379:
2382:, which was close in both space and time to the Qiupa Formation
435:
and its contemporaries were among the last-surviving non-avian
2406:
level. Partial remains from the area have been attributed to
379:
have been referred to the genus without being assigned to the
2244:"Megaherbivore Assemblage Zone 1", the "Sandy zone", or the "
3375:
989:
McFeeters and colleagues also remark that one of the listed
544:- a span of roughly 10 million years. This would also make
2510:
Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology
2398:. The largest inhabitants of the area were the non-avian
355:
for which was named for the province of Henan. Uniquely,
2136:. This sedimentary layer would have been deposited by a
2018:
is not the only genus to exist on both continents. Both
1028:. This specimen was found at the Kundur locality of the
2256:
zone". This faunal stage would have obviously included
548:
the only genus of ornithomimid known from both Asia and
2125:
the Qiupa Formation â are composed primarily of purple
915:. These specimens included CMN 8902 (vertebrae, ribs,
843:
CMN 8902 (A) compared with other ornithomimosaurs (B-F)
648:
Xu and colleagues diagnosed the genus by the following
7579:
1077:
The specimen itself, AEIM 2/1045, was sectioned for
887:
UALVP 52861 compared to outlines of the holotype of
266:
7696:
7614:
7505:
7400:
7343:
7305:
7222:
7195:
7105:
7075:
7034:
6932:
6900:
6842:
6808:
6781:
6754:
6723:
6696:
6685:
6645:
6510:
6458:
6429:
6391:
6380:
6280:
6192:
6126:
6048:
5979:
5955:
5867:
5815:
5755:
5711:
5700:
5644:
5612:
5559:
5509:
5474:
5392:
5345:
5292:
5254:
5200:
5151:
5087:
5046:
5022:
4991:
4945:
4915:
4904:
4789:
4704:
4603:
4514:
4493:
4429:
4332:
4276:
4242:
4149:
4094:
4063:
4003:
3969:
3895:
3875:
3799:
3746:
3627:
3545:
3496:
3469:
2264:, but other animals from this time period included
2212:in addition to a variety of smaller dinosaurs like
2080:is not confidently known. However the ages of the
1609:as being part of the "North-American clade" as the
485:The Dinosaur Park Formation, where the remains of
3207:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
2076:The exact age of the North American specimens of
316:'dragon from the Qiupa Formation') is an
3006:Sues, Hans-Dieter; Averianov, Alexander (2016).
1001:(a notch on the medial posterior process of the
2807:Molina-Pérez, Rubén; Larramendi, Asier (2019).
2754:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2414:, and one of these was even named: the dubious
493:In 2017, another team of researchers including
478:and was given the designation HGM 41HIII-0106.
3188:"Qiupa, Luanchuan Basin (Cretaceous of China)"
2563:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2422:. More complete remains are known from small
1058:. The locality itself is known primarily for
3391:
2832:Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; LĂŒ, JunâChang (2003).
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2067:A map of the world during the Late Cretaceous
1984:. This, coupled with the results of several
1134:(bottom), which were both close relatives of
798:clearly identifies it as an ornithomimosaur.
8:
359:is one of the few Late Cretaceous non-avian
3001:
2999:
2012:, which has its origins in the Cretaceous.
831:Pubic bones of CMN 8902 from multiple views
616:was very similar to derived North American
311:
7796:Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of North America
7602:
7311:
7228:
7203:
7087:
7083:
7042:
7031:
7018:
6929:
6897:
6729:
6693:
6653:
6522:
6518:
6403:
6399:
6388:
6288:
6277:
6264:
6055:
6045:
5961:
5873:
5761:
5708:
5618:
5571:
5567:
5517:
5482:
5471:
5458:
5389:
5298:
5206:
5159:
5028:
5003:
4999:
4927:
4923:
4912:
4797:
4786:
4773:
4701:
4520:
4511:
4340:
4155:
4106:
4102:
4015:
4011:
3977:
3966:
3953:
3752:
3635:
3553:
3542:
3529:
3475:
3466:
3414:
3398:
3384:
3376:
2008:stages between the two continents via the
632:. Xu and colleagues gave lengths for the
116:The holotype specimen on display in China
107:
20:
3292:
3136:
3118:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3023:
2979:
2969:
2783:
2773:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2684:
2640:
3063:
3061:
3059:
2911:Journal of South American Earth Sciences
2662:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2652:
966:, it supports a close relationship with
672:traits shared with other ornithomimids.
427:stage, which was the final stage of the
345:. The genus contains a single species,
7586:
3181:
3179:
2531:
1980:oldest remains from the genus are from
821:
559:of a juvenile ornithomimosaur from the
2614:
2612:
739:In comparison to other ornithomimids,
3101:Fowler, Denver Warwick (2017-11-22).
2621:"First North American occurrences of
2610:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2505:CretaceousâPaleogene extinction event
2312:, which are known to have coexisted.
7:
2520:Timeline of ornithomimosaur research
575:. It was also found in a region of
2324:is believed to have coexisted with
1806:
1777:
1748:
1719:
1690:
1667:
1638:
1628:
1479:
1450:
1394:
1387:
1358:
1329:
1297:
1207:
1197:
3234:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
3071:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
2478:), small mammals, and uniquely an
2320:are believed to have originated.
2155:environment during the end of the
926:The UALVP specimens were from the
14:
7801:Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia
3042:Journal of African Earth Sciences
1446:"North American clade"
941:These specimens were referred to
7589:
7564:
7558:
7551:
7003:
6996:
6989:
6983:
6249:
6242:
6237:
6230:
6224:
5443:
5436:
5429:
4758:
4751:
4744:
4737:
3939:
3933:
3050:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2012.05.005
1835:
1789:
1760:
1731:
1702:
1650:
1513:
1491:
1462:
1423:
1370:
1341:
1309:
1280:
1258:
1236:
1147:, Xu and colleagues performed a
1116:
1105:
880:
860:
848:
836:
824:
125:
2500:2011 in archosaur paleontology
1968:Although the first remains of
867:UALVP 53595 (A-F) compared to
306:
297:
1:
7811:Fossil taxa described in 2011
3025:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.07.012
2838:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
2583:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.12.004
2430:was contemporaneous with the
902:specimens recovered from the
794:, the specific morphology of
497:, described some postcranial
3215:10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.06.024
3120:10.1371/journal.pone.0188426
2931:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102610
2722:Science China Earth Sciences
1143:In their description of the
855:Caudal vertebrae of CMN 8902
446:, as well as body fossils.
330:that was discovered in the
7842:
3230:Dyoplosaurus acutosquameus
2971:10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3
2907:Paraxenisaurus normalensis
2147:environment necessary for
1972:to be described were from
7826:Monotypic dinosaur genera
7816:Taxa named by LĂŒ Junchang
7548:
7314:
7231:
7206:
7090:
7086:
7045:
7030:
7017:
6981:
6928:
6896:
6732:
6656:
6525:
6521:
6406:
6402:
6291:
6276:
6263:
6222:
6058:
6044:
5964:
5876:
5764:
5621:
5574:
5570:
5520:
5485:
5470:
5457:
5426:
5388:
5301:
5209:
5162:
5031:
5006:
5002:
4930:
4926:
4800:
4785:
4772:
4734:
4700:
4523:
4343:
4158:
4109:
4105:
4018:
4014:
3980:
3965:
3952:
3930:
3755:
3638:
3556:
3541:
3528:
3478:
3465:
3413:
3366:10.1017/S0016756821000807
3330:10.1007/s00114-012-1007-0
3192:The Paleobiology Database
2876:10.1016/j.cub.2014.08.034
2734:10.1007/s11430-011-4186-1
2673:Biological Communications
2378:Some of the fauna of the
1828:
1811:
1804:
1782:
1775:
1753:
1746:
1724:
1717:
1695:
1688:
1672:
1665:
1643:
1636:
1506:
1484:
1477:
1455:
1448:
1416:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1363:
1356:
1334:
1327:
1302:
1295:
1273:
1251:
1229:
1212:
1205:
1126:Articulated skeletons of
265:
258:
122:Scientific classification
120:
115:
106:
23:
16:Extinct genus of reptiles
2686:10.21638/spbu03.2023.405
2642:10.1139/facets-2016-0074
7776:Paleontology in Alberta
2775:10.1073/pnas.2211234119
2515:List of Asian dinosaurs
2194:Dinosaur Park Formation
2184:The earliest record of
2094:Western Interior Seaway
2086:Dinosaur Park Formation
1988:analyses, suggest that
1956:Evolution and dispersal
1188:Dinosaur Park Formation
1081:study to determine its
1062:fossils, including the
1007:preservation conditions
928:Dinosaur Park Formation
515:Dinosaur Park Formation
476:Henan Geological Museum
3083:10.1139/cjes-2020-0145
2383:
2181:
2068:
2000:took place during the
1965:
986:
808:Specimens referred to
688:
610:
490:
396:
7821:Paleontology in Henan
7748:Paleobiology Database
7681:Paleobiology Database
5957:Carcharodontosaurinae
5869:Carcharodontosauridae
2377:
2175:
2066:
1963:
984:
683:
602:
484:
394:
7698:Qiupalong henanensis
6933:Dubious coelurosaurs
5646:Metriacanthosaurinae
5614:Metriacanthosauridae
3896:Dubious neotheropods
3246:10.1671/039.029.0405
3209:. 350â352: 124â138.
1052:, and the enigmatic
1030:Udurchukan Formation
1026:Qiupalong henanensis
936:Charles M. Sternberg
889:Qiupalong henanensis
561:Udurchukan Formation
271:Qiupalong henanensis
7791:Dinosaur Park fauna
5970:Carcharodontosaurus
5757:Carcharodontosauria
3354:Geological Magazine
3322:2013NW....100..165L
3310:Naturwissenschaften
3285:2018CGeo....1...28L
3012:Cretaceous Research
2923:2020JSAES.10102610S
2766:2022PNAS..11911234H
2571:Cretaceous Research
2472:(such as the genus
2218:pachycephalosaurids
2188:is from either the
668:characteristics or
664:, while others are
431:. This would make
7425:Archaeornithomimus
5946:Veterupristisaurus
5806:Veterupristisaurus
5662:Metriacanthosaurus
5602:Piatnitzkysauridae
5037:Eustreptospondylus
4947:Piatnitzkysauridae
4830:Chuandongocoelurus
3694:Notatesseraeraptor
3294:10.31035/cg2018005
2958:Scientific Reports
2384:
2330:and possibly also
2182:
2163:Contemporary fauna
2069:
2010:Bering Land Bridge
1998:faunal interchange
1966:
1647:Archaeornithomimus
1603:. They recovered
1338:Archaeornithomimus
1032:, which is in the
1012:Most recently, in
987:
746:arctometatarsalian
689:
611:
491:
403:is located in the
397:
371:. Specimens from
325:ornithomimosaurian
7786:Fossils of Canada
7763:
7762:
7735:Open Tree of Life
7668:Open Tree of Life
7608:Taxon identifiers
7577:
7576:
7573:
7572:
7546:
7545:
7542:
7541:
7538:
7537:
7534:
7533:
7501:
7500:
7497:
7496:
7307:Macrocheiriformes
7224:Ornithomimosauria
7198:Maniraptoriformes
7191:
7190:
7037:Maniraptoromorpha
7024:Maniraptoromorpha
7013:
7012:
6979:
6978:
6975:
6974:
6971:
6970:
6924:
6923:
6920:
6919:
6902:Maniraptoromorpha
6892:
6891:
6888:
6887:
6884:
6883:
6880:
6879:
6876:
6875:
6641:
6640:
6506:
6505:
6460:Proceratosauridae
6412:Chingkankousaurus
6259:
6258:
6220:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6212:
6211:
6188:
6187:
6040:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6032:
6031:
6028:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6020:
6019:
5696:
5695:
5692:
5691:
5453:
5452:
5424:
5423:
5420:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5412:
5411:
5384:
5383:
5380:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5288:
5287:
5244:Vallibonavenatrix
5147:
5146:
5143:
5142:
4987:
4986:
4768:
4767:
4732:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4696:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4328:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4090:
4089:
3948:
3947:
3928:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3871:
3870:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3360:(11): 2087â2094.
2870:(20): 2386â2392.
2168:Belly River Group
2157:Cretaceous Period
2143:that created the
2102:Bearpaw Formation
2072:Belly River Group
1994:Cretaceous Period
1911:
1910:
1902:
1901:
1893:
1892:
1884:
1883:
1875:
1874:
1866:
1865:
1857:
1856:
1848:
1847:
1589:
1588:
1580:
1579:
1571:
1570:
1562:
1561:
1553:
1552:
1544:
1543:
1535:
1534:
1526:
1525:
1436:
1435:
1202:Ornithomimosauria
904:Belly River Group
802:Referred material
711:, as well as the
503:Belly River Group
501:remains from the
314:
285:
284:
254:
214:Ornithomimosauria
7833:
7781:Fossils of China
7756:
7755:
7743:
7742:
7730:
7729:
7717:
7716:
7715:
7689:
7688:
7676:
7675:
7663:
7662:
7650:
7649:
7648:
7635:
7634:
7633:
7603:
7594:
7593:
7592:
7585:
7568:
7562:
7555:
7411:Aepyornithomimus
7312:
7229:
7204:
7168:Sinocalliopteryx
7088:
7084:
7078:Neocoelurosauria
7043:
7032:
7019:
7007:
7000:
6993:
6987:
6930:
6898:
6867:Zhuchengtyrannus
6799:Thanatotheristes
6730:
6694:
6662:Appalachiosaurus
6654:
6523:
6519:
6513:Pantyrannosauria
6404:
6400:
6394:Tyrannosauroidea
6389:
6364:Xinjiangovenator
6289:
6278:
6265:
6253:
6246:
6241:
6234:
6228:
6056:
6046:
5962:
5882:Acrocanthosaurus
5874:
5762:
5709:
5635:Yangchuanosaurus
5619:
5572:
5568:
5518:
5499:Lourinhanosaurus
5483:
5472:
5459:
5447:
5440:
5433:
5390:
5356:Sigilmassasaurus
5299:
5256:Ceratosuchopsini
5207:
5160:
5105:Dubreuillosaurus
5029:
5012:Streptospondylus
5004:
5000:
4970:Piatnitzkysaurus
4928:
4924:
4913:
4798:
4787:
4774:
4762:
4755:
4748:
4741:
4702:
4537:Ekrixinatosaurus
4521:
4512:
4341:
4156:
4107:
4103:
4016:
4012:
3978:
3967:
3954:
3943:
3937:
3847:Procompsognathus
3753:
3636:
3554:
3543:
3530:
3476:
3467:
3460:
3459:
3415:
3400:
3393:
3386:
3377:
3370:
3369:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3240:(4): 1117â1135.
3225:
3219:
3218:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3183:
3174:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3140:
3122:
3113:(11): e0188426.
3098:
3087:
3086:
3065:
3054:
3053:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3003:
2994:
2993:
2983:
2973:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2861:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2787:
2777:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2716:
2699:
2698:
2688:
2664:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2616:
2587:
2586:
2565:
2448:, indeterminate
2380:Nemegt Formation
2234:ornithomimosaurs
2214:leptoceratopsids
2190:Oldman Formation
2082:Oldman Formation
2059:Paleoenvironment
1839:
1807:
1793:
1778:
1764:
1749:
1735:
1720:
1706:
1691:
1668:
1654:
1639:
1629:
1517:
1495:
1480:
1466:
1451:
1427:
1395:
1388:
1374:
1359:
1345:
1330:
1313:
1298:
1284:
1262:
1240:
1208:
1198:
1174:in a clade with
1120:
1109:
1038:Russian Far East
932:Oldman Formation
884:
864:
852:
840:
828:
707:, parts of both
618:ornithomimosaurs
604:Life restoration
569:Russian Far East
536:from the middle
495:Philip J. Currie
409:Luanchuan County
363:known from both
353:specific epithet
315:
312:
308:
299:
268:
245:
238:
225:
212:
130:
129:
111:
101:
38:
29:Temporal range:
21:
7841:
7840:
7836:
7835:
7834:
7832:
7831:
7830:
7766:
7765:
7764:
7759:
7751:
7746:
7738:
7733:
7725:
7720:
7711:
7710:
7705:
7692:
7684:
7679:
7671:
7666:
7658:
7653:
7644:
7643:
7638:
7629:
7628:
7623:
7610:
7600:
7590:
7588:
7580:
7578:
7569:
7556:
7530:
7493:
7474:Sinornithomimus
7396:
7339:
7301:
7218:
7212:Compsognathidae
7200:
7187:
7175:Sinosauropteryx
7107:Compsognathidae
7101:
7080:
7071:
7039:
7026:
7009:
7008:
6994:
6967:
6962:Shanyangosaurus
6955:Phaedrolosaurus
6916:
6872:
6838:
6804:
6783:Daspletosaurini
6777:
6750:
6725:Tyrannosaurinae
6719:
6698:Albertosaurinae
6690:
6688:Tyrannosauridae
6681:
6650:
6648:Eutyrannosauria
6637:
6515:
6502:
6483:Proceratosaurus
6454:
6425:
6396:
6385:
6376:
6342:Richardoestesia
6326:Chilantaisaurus
6285:
6272:
6255:
6254:
6235:
6208:
6184:
6144:Australovenator
6122:
6116:Chilantaisaurus
6094:Phuwiangvenator
6016:
5981:Giganotosaurini
5975:
5951:
5863:
5826:Chilantaisaurus
5811:
5751:
5705:
5688:
5640:
5608:
5564:
5555:
5533:Monolophosaurus
5514:
5505:
5479:
5466:
5449:
5448:
5434:
5408:
5368:
5341:
5307:Camarillasaurus
5284:
5250:
5196:
5190:Ostafrikasaurus
5168:Camarillasaurus
5156:
5139:
5089:Afrovenatorinae
5083:
5042:
5018:
4996:
4983:
4941:
4920:
4918:Megalosauroidea
4909:
4900:
4895:Vectaerovenator
4888:Szechuanosaurus
4866:Monolophosaurus
4852:Kaijiangosaurus
4845:Cryolophosaurus
4806:Calamospondylus
4794:
4781:
4764:
4763:
4756:
4749:
4742:
4720:
4676:
4657:Pycnonemosaurus
4599:
4510:
4504:Majungasaurinae
4489:
4431:Majungasaurinae
4425:
4420:Xenotarsosaurus
4356:Dryptosauroides
4337:
4320:
4272:
4244:Elaphrosaurinae
4238:
4145:
4131:Ornithomimoides
4099:
4086:
4059:
4008:
3999:
3974:
3961:
3944:
3938:
3916:
3891:
3867:
3795:
3742:
3708:Shuangbaisaurus
3632:
3623:
3550:
3537:
3512:
3492:
3486:Avemetatarsalia
3471:Avemetatarsalia
3461:
3446:Avemetatarsalia
3420:
3419:
3409:
3404:
3374:
3373:
3352:modern birds".
3350:
3349:
3345:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3185:
3184:
3177:
3158:
3154:
3100:
3099:
3090:
3067:
3066:
3057:
3044:. 71â72: 1â17.
3038:
3037:
3033:
3005:
3004:
2997:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2864:Current Biology
2859:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2819:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2718:
2717:
2702:
2666:
2665:
2650:
2618:
2617:
2590:
2567:
2566:
2533:
2528:
2496:
2483:enantiornithine
2445:Luanchuanraptor
2420:luanchuanensis"
2388:Qiupa Formation
2370:Qiupa Formation
2297:Parasaurolophus
2239:The remains of
2165:
2132:and calcareous
2114:Qiupa Formation
2108:Qiupa Formation
2061:
2027:Parasaurolophus
1958:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1903:
1894:
1885:
1876:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1840:
1765:
1699:Sinornithomimus
1590:
1581:
1572:
1563:
1554:
1545:
1536:
1527:
1518:
1496:
1437:
1367:Sinornithomimus
1285:
1263:
1241:
1170:They recovered
1154:Sinornithomimus
1141:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1099:
1083:ontogenetic age
1022:ornithomimosaur
917:scapulocoracoid
900:ornithomimosaur
896:
895:
894:
891:
885:
876:
865:
856:
853:
844:
841:
832:
829:
818:
817:
804:
678:
645:(139 lb).
597:
579:that preserves
489:were discovered
456:Late Cretaceous
452:ornithomimosaur
421:Late Cretaceous
401:Qiupa Formation
389:
335:Qiupa Formation
332:Late Cretaceous
281:
274:
244:
236:
223:
210:
124:
102:
100:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
36:
35:
34:~72 to 66 Ma -
33:
31:Late Cretaceous
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7839:
7837:
7829:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7768:
7767:
7761:
7760:
7758:
7757:
7744:
7731:
7718:
7702:
7700:
7694:
7693:
7691:
7690:
7677:
7664:
7651:
7636:
7620:
7618:
7612:
7611:
7606:
7599:
7598:
7575:
7574:
7571:
7570:
7550:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7543:
7540:
7539:
7536:
7535:
7532:
7531:
7529:
7528:
7527:
7526:
7520:
7511:
7509:
7503:
7502:
7499:
7498:
7495:
7494:
7492:
7491:
7484:
7477:
7470:
7463:
7456:
7449:
7442:
7439:Dromiceiomimus
7435:
7428:
7421:
7414:
7406:
7404:
7402:Ornithomimidae
7398:
7397:
7395:
7394:
7387:
7383:Paraxenisaurus
7379:
7371:
7364:
7357:
7349:
7347:
7345:Deinocheiridae
7341:
7340:
7338:
7337:
7334:Shenzhousaurus
7330:
7323:
7315:
7309:
7303:
7302:
7300:
7299:
7292:
7284:
7277:
7270:
7263:
7256:
7248:
7240:
7232:
7226:
7220:
7219:
7217:
7216:
7207:
7201:
7196:
7193:
7192:
7189:
7188:
7186:
7185:
7178:
7171:
7164:
7156:
7149:
7142:
7135:
7131:Beipiaognathus
7127:
7120:
7111:
7109:
7103:
7102:
7100:
7099:
7091:
7081:
7076:
7073:
7072:
7070:
7069:
7062:
7055:
7046:
7040:
7035:
7028:
7027:
7022:
7015:
7014:
7011:
7010:
7002:
6988:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6976:
6973:
6972:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6965:
6958:
6951:
6944:
6936:
6934:
6926:
6925:
6922:
6921:
6918:
6917:
6915:
6914:
6913:
6912:
6906:
6904:
6894:
6893:
6890:
6889:
6886:
6885:
6882:
6881:
6878:
6877:
6874:
6873:
6871:
6870:
6863:
6856:
6848:
6846:
6844:Tyrannosaurini
6840:
6839:
6837:
6836:
6829:
6822:
6814:
6812:
6810:Teratophoneini
6806:
6805:
6803:
6802:
6795:
6792:Daspletosaurus
6787:
6785:
6779:
6778:
6776:
6775:
6772:Qianzhousaurus
6768:
6760:
6758:
6752:
6751:
6749:
6748:
6741:
6733:
6727:
6721:
6720:
6718:
6717:
6710:
6702:
6700:
6691:
6686:
6683:
6682:
6680:
6679:
6672:
6669:Bistahieversor
6665:
6657:
6651:
6646:
6643:
6642:
6639:
6638:
6636:
6635:
6627:
6620:
6613:
6605:
6598:
6591:
6584:
6577:
6570:
6563:
6556:
6549:
6541:
6534:
6526:
6516:
6511:
6508:
6507:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6500:
6493:
6486:
6479:
6472:
6464:
6462:
6456:
6455:
6453:
6452:
6444:
6436:
6434:
6427:
6426:
6424:
6423:
6415:
6407:
6397:
6392:
6386:
6383:Tyrannoraptora
6381:
6378:
6377:
6375:
6374:
6367:
6360:
6353:
6345:
6338:
6330:
6322:
6315:
6307:
6300:
6292:
6286:
6281:
6274:
6273:
6268:
6261:
6260:
6257:
6256:
6248:
6229:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6217:
6214:
6213:
6210:
6209:
6207:
6206:
6205:
6204:
6198:
6196:
6190:
6189:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6182:
6175:
6168:
6161:
6154:
6147:
6140:
6132:
6130:
6128:Megaraptoridae
6124:
6123:
6121:
6120:
6112:
6104:
6097:
6090:
6083:
6075:
6067:
6059:
6053:
6042:
6041:
6038:
6037:
6034:
6033:
6030:
6029:
6026:
6025:
6022:
6021:
6018:
6017:
6015:
6014:
6007:
6000:
5993:
5990:Giganotosaurus
5985:
5983:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5973:
5965:
5959:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5949:
5942:
5935:
5928:
5921:
5914:
5907:
5900:
5893:
5885:
5877:
5871:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5853:
5845:
5838:
5830:
5821:
5819:
5817:Neovenatoridae
5813:
5812:
5810:
5809:
5802:
5799:Ulughbegsaurus
5795:
5787:
5780:
5773:
5765:
5759:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5749:
5741:
5733:
5725:
5717:
5715:
5706:
5701:
5698:
5697:
5694:
5693:
5690:
5689:
5687:
5686:
5679:
5672:
5665:
5658:
5650:
5648:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5638:
5631:
5627:Xuanhanosaurus
5622:
5616:
5610:
5609:
5607:
5606:
5598:
5594:Xuanhanosaurus
5590:
5583:
5580:Asfaltovenator
5575:
5565:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5545:
5541:Megalosauridae
5537:
5529:
5521:
5515:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5503:
5495:
5486:
5480:
5475:
5468:
5467:
5462:
5455:
5454:
5451:
5450:
5442:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5406:
5405:
5404:
5398:
5396:
5386:
5385:
5382:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5366:
5359:
5351:
5349:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5339:
5332:
5325:
5318:
5315:Ichthyovenator
5311:
5302:
5296:
5290:
5289:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5282:
5275:
5268:
5260:
5258:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5248:
5240:
5232:
5225:
5218:
5210:
5204:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5194:
5186:
5179:
5176:Cristatusaurus
5172:
5163:
5157:
5152:
5149:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5133:Poekilopleuron
5129:
5126:Piveteausaurus
5122:
5115:
5108:
5101:
5093:
5091:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5081:
5074:
5067:
5060:
5052:
5050:
5048:Megalosaurinae
5044:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5032:
5026:
5024:Megalosauridae
5020:
5019:
5017:
5016:
5007:
4997:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4981:
4977:Xuanhanosaurus
4973:
4966:
4959:
4951:
4949:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4936:Yunyangosaurus
4931:
4921:
4916:
4910:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4891:
4884:
4876:
4873:Pandoravenator
4869:
4862:
4859:Kayentavenator
4855:
4848:
4841:
4833:
4826:
4818:
4810:
4801:
4795:
4790:
4783:
4782:
4777:
4770:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4757:
4750:
4743:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4710:
4708:
4698:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4667:
4660:
4653:
4646:
4638:
4631:
4624:
4617:
4609:
4607:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4590:
4587:Skorpiovenator
4583:
4575:
4568:
4561:
4554:
4547:
4540:
4533:
4524:
4518:
4509:
4508:
4499:
4497:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4480:
4472:
4465:
4458:
4451:
4443:
4435:
4433:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4416:
4409:
4402:
4399:Spectrovenator
4395:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4360:
4352:
4344:
4338:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4311:
4304:
4297:
4290:
4282:
4280:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4263:
4256:
4248:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4233:Spinostropheus
4229:
4222:
4215:
4207:
4199:
4191:
4183:
4176:
4168:
4159:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4135:
4127:
4119:
4110:
4100:
4097:Abelisauroidea
4095:
4092:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4077:
4069:
4067:
4065:Ceratosauridae
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4054:Saltriovenator
4050:
4042:
4035:
4031:Fosterovenator
4027:
4019:
4009:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3997:
3993:Lophostropheus
3989:
3981:
3975:
3970:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3950:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3907:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3881:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3858:
3854:Pterospondylus
3850:
3843:
3835:
3827:
3824:Lucianovenator
3820:
3813:
3805:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3756:
3750:
3748:Coelophysoidea
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3733:
3725:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3687:Lophostropheus
3683:
3676:
3669:
3662:
3655:
3647:
3639:
3633:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3613:
3605:
3597:
3589:
3586:Erythrovenator
3582:
3574:
3566:
3557:
3551:
3546:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3502:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3479:
3473:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3448:
3439:
3433:
3427:
3418:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3380:
3372:
3371:
3343:
3316:(2): 165â175.
3300:
3259:
3220:
3197:
3175:
3152:
3088:
3077:(9): 870â884.
3055:
3031:
2995:
2944:
2897:
2847:
2824:
2818:978-0691180311
2817:
2799:
2739:
2700:
2648:
2588:
2577:(2): 213â222.
2530:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2495:
2492:
2412:tyrannosaurids
2372:
2371:
2309:Daspletosaurus
2267:Euoplocephalus
2198:tyrannosaurids
2170:
2169:
2164:
2161:
2110:
2109:
2074:
2073:
2060:
2057:
1957:
1954:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1781:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1694:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1642:
1637:
1635:
1633:Ornithomimidae
1627:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1333:
1328:
1326:
1324:Ornithomimidae
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1301:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1279:
1276:Shenzhousaurus
1272:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1196:
1167:as outgroups.
1165:tyrannosaurids
1125:
1124:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1097:Classification
1095:
1055:Ricardoestesia
1050:tyrannosaurids
1046:dromaeosaurids
1020:of a juvenile
991:autapomorphies
893:
892:
886:
879:
877:
866:
859:
857:
854:
847:
845:
842:
835:
833:
830:
823:
820:
819:
807:
806:
805:
803:
800:
783:tyrannosauroid
769:Shenzhousaurus
723:, and a pedal
677:
674:
662:autapomorphies
596:
593:
585:North American
540:to the latest
450:was the first
388:
385:
283:
282:
275:
263:
262:
256:
255:
234:
230:
229:
227:Ornithomimidae
221:
217:
216:
208:
201:
200:
195:
188:
187:
182:
175:
174:
169:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
118:
117:
113:
112:
104:
103:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
39:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7838:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7806:Ornithomimids
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7773:
7771:
7754:
7749:
7745:
7741:
7736:
7732:
7728:
7723:
7719:
7714:
7708:
7704:
7703:
7701:
7699:
7695:
7687:
7682:
7678:
7674:
7669:
7665:
7661:
7656:
7652:
7647:
7641:
7637:
7632:
7626:
7622:
7621:
7619:
7617:
7613:
7609:
7604:
7597:
7587:
7583:
7567:
7563:
7561:
7554:
7525:
7521:
7519:
7515:
7514:
7513:
7512:
7510:
7508:
7504:
7490:
7489:
7485:
7483:
7482:
7481:Struthiomimus
7478:
7476:
7475:
7471:
7469:
7468:
7464:
7462:
7461:
7457:
7455:
7454:
7450:
7448:
7447:
7443:
7441:
7440:
7436:
7434:
7433:
7432:"Coelosaurus"
7429:
7427:
7426:
7422:
7420:
7419:
7415:
7413:
7412:
7408:
7407:
7405:
7403:
7399:
7393:
7392:
7388:
7385:
7384:
7380:
7377:
7376:
7372:
7370:
7369:
7365:
7363:
7362:
7358:
7356:
7355:
7351:
7350:
7348:
7346:
7342:
7336:
7335:
7331:
7329:
7328:
7327:Pelecanimimus
7324:
7322:
7321:
7317:
7316:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7304:
7298:
7297:
7293:
7290:
7289:
7288:Thecocoelurus
7285:
7283:
7282:
7278:
7276:
7275:
7271:
7269:
7268:
7267:Kinnareemimus
7264:
7262:
7261:
7257:
7254:
7253:
7249:
7246:
7245:
7241:
7239:
7238:
7234:
7233:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7221:
7214:
7213:
7209:
7208:
7205:
7202:
7199:
7194:
7184:
7183:
7179:
7177:
7176:
7172:
7170:
7169:
7165:
7162:
7161:
7157:
7155:
7154:
7150:
7148:
7147:
7146:Huaxiagnathus
7143:
7141:
7140:
7139:Compsognathus
7136:
7133:
7132:
7128:
7126:
7125:
7121:
7118:
7117:
7113:
7112:
7110:
7108:
7104:
7098:
7097:
7093:
7092:
7089:
7085:
7082:
7079:
7074:
7068:
7067:
7066:Ornitholestes
7063:
7061:
7060:
7056:
7053:
7052:
7048:
7047:
7044:
7041:
7038:
7033:
7029:
7025:
7020:
7016:
7006:
7001:
6999:
6992:
6986:
6964:
6963:
6959:
6957:
6956:
6952:
6950:
6949:
6945:
6943:
6942:
6938:
6937:
6935:
6931:
6927:
6910:
6909:
6908:
6907:
6905:
6903:
6899:
6895:
6869:
6868:
6864:
6862:
6861:
6860:Tyrannosaurus
6857:
6855:
6854:
6850:
6849:
6847:
6845:
6841:
6835:
6834:
6833:Teratophoneus
6830:
6828:
6827:
6823:
6821:
6820:
6816:
6815:
6813:
6811:
6807:
6801:
6800:
6796:
6794:
6793:
6789:
6788:
6786:
6784:
6780:
6774:
6773:
6769:
6767:
6766:
6762:
6761:
6759:
6757:
6753:
6747:
6746:
6742:
6740:
6739:
6735:
6734:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6722:
6716:
6715:
6711:
6709:
6708:
6707:Albertosaurus
6704:
6703:
6701:
6699:
6695:
6692:
6689:
6684:
6678:
6677:
6673:
6671:
6670:
6666:
6664:
6663:
6659:
6658:
6655:
6652:
6649:
6644:
6633:
6632:
6628:
6626:
6625:
6624:Xiongguanlong
6621:
6619:
6618:
6614:
6611:
6610:
6606:
6604:
6603:
6602:Suskityrannus
6599:
6597:
6596:
6595:Stokesosaurus
6592:
6590:
6589:
6588:Santanaraptor
6585:
6583:
6582:
6578:
6576:
6575:
6571:
6569:
6568:
6564:
6562:
6561:
6557:
6555:
6554:
6550:
6547:
6546:
6542:
6540:
6539:
6535:
6533:
6532:
6531:Alectrosaurus
6528:
6527:
6524:
6520:
6517:
6514:
6509:
6499:
6498:
6494:
6492:
6491:
6487:
6485:
6484:
6480:
6478:
6477:
6473:
6471:
6470:
6466:
6465:
6463:
6461:
6457:
6450:
6449:
6448:Tanycolagreus
6445:
6443:
6442:
6438:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6428:
6421:
6420:
6416:
6414:
6413:
6409:
6408:
6405:
6401:
6398:
6395:
6390:
6387:
6384:
6379:
6373:
6372:
6368:
6366:
6365:
6361:
6359:
6358:
6354:
6351:
6350:
6346:
6344:
6343:
6339:
6336:
6335:
6331:
6328:
6327:
6323:
6321:
6320:
6316:
6313:
6312:
6311:Bahariasaurus
6308:
6306:
6305:
6301:
6299:
6298:
6294:
6293:
6290:
6287:
6284:
6283:Coelurosauria
6279:
6275:
6271:
6270:Coelurosauria
6266:
6262:
6252:
6247:
6245:
6240:
6233:
6227:
6202:
6201:
6200:
6199:
6197:
6195:
6194:Coelurosauria
6191:
6181:
6180:
6176:
6174:
6173:
6169:
6167:
6166:
6162:
6160:
6159:
6155:
6153:
6152:
6148:
6146:
6145:
6141:
6139:
6138:
6134:
6133:
6131:
6129:
6125:
6119:
6117:
6113:
6111:
6109:
6105:
6103:
6102:
6098:
6096:
6095:
6091:
6089:
6088:
6084:
6081:
6080:
6076:
6073:
6072:
6071:Bahariasaurus
6068:
6066:
6065:
6061:
6060:
6057:
6054:
6051:
6047:
6043:
6013:
6012:
6008:
6006:
6005:
6001:
5999:
5998:
5994:
5992:
5991:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5982:
5978:
5972:
5971:
5967:
5966:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5954:
5948:
5947:
5943:
5941:
5940:
5936:
5934:
5933:
5929:
5927:
5926:
5922:
5920:
5919:
5915:
5913:
5912:
5911:Kelmayisaurus
5908:
5906:
5905:
5901:
5899:
5898:
5894:
5891:
5890:
5886:
5884:
5883:
5879:
5878:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5866:
5859:
5858:
5854:
5851:
5850:
5846:
5844:
5843:
5839:
5836:
5835:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5818:
5814:
5808:
5807:
5803:
5801:
5800:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5788:
5786:
5785:
5781:
5779:
5778:
5774:
5772:
5771:
5767:
5766:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5754:
5747:
5746:
5745:Saurophaganax
5742:
5739:
5738:
5734:
5731:
5730:
5726:
5724:
5723:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5714:
5710:
5707:
5704:
5699:
5685:
5684:
5680:
5678:
5677:
5676:Siamotyrannus
5673:
5671:
5670:
5666:
5664:
5663:
5659:
5657:
5656:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5647:
5643:
5637:
5636:
5632:
5629:
5628:
5624:
5623:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5611:
5604:
5603:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5591:
5589:
5588:
5584:
5582:
5581:
5577:
5576:
5573:
5569:
5566:
5563:
5562:Allosauroidea
5558:
5551:
5550:
5549:Spinosauridae
5546:
5543:
5542:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5530:
5528:
5527:
5523:
5522:
5519:
5516:
5513:
5508:
5501:
5500:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5488:
5487:
5484:
5481:
5478:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5460:
5456:
5446:
5441:
5439:
5432:
5402:
5401:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5365:
5364:
5360:
5358:
5357:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5348:
5344:
5338:
5337:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5326:
5324:
5323:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5304:
5303:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5294:Spinosaurinae
5291:
5281:
5280:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5272:Riparovenator
5269:
5267:
5266:
5265:Ceratosuchops
5262:
5261:
5259:
5257:
5253:
5246:
5245:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5229:Riojavenatrix
5226:
5224:
5223:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5212:
5211:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5202:Baryonychinae
5199:
5192:
5191:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5180:
5178:
5177:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5165:
5164:
5161:
5158:
5155:
5154:Spinosauridae
5150:
5135:
5134:
5130:
5128:
5127:
5123:
5121:
5120:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5109:
5107:
5106:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5090:
5086:
5080:
5079:
5078:Wiehenvenator
5075:
5073:
5072:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5049:
5045:
5039:
5038:
5034:
5033:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5021:
5014:
5013:
5009:
5008:
5005:
5001:
4998:
4995:
4990:
4979:
4978:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4960:
4958:
4957:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4948:
4944:
4938:
4937:
4933:
4932:
4929:
4925:
4922:
4919:
4914:
4911:
4908:
4903:
4897:
4896:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4870:
4868:
4867:
4863:
4861:
4860:
4856:
4854:
4853:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4814:Chienkosaurus
4811:
4808:
4807:
4803:
4802:
4799:
4796:
4793:
4788:
4784:
4780:
4775:
4771:
4761:
4754:
4747:
4740:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4666:
4665:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4606:
4605:Furileusauria
4602:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4579:Rahiolisaurus
4576:
4574:
4573:
4569:
4567:
4566:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4555:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4546:
4545:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4526:
4525:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4506:
4505:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4496:
4495:Carnotaurinae
4492:
4486:
4485:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4476:Rahiolisaurus
4473:
4471:
4470:
4469:Majungasaurus
4466:
4464:
4463:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4422:
4421:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4406:Tarascosaurus
4403:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4364:Eoabelisaurus
4361:
4358:
4357:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4349:Chenanisaurus
4346:
4345:
4342:
4339:
4336:
4335:Abelisauridae
4331:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4294:Masiakasaurus
4291:
4289:
4288:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4275:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4260:Huinculsaurus
4257:
4255:
4254:
4253:Elaphrosaurus
4250:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4172:Austrocheirus
4169:
4166:
4165:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4141:
4140:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4093:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4024:Berberosaurus
4021:
4020:
4017:
4013:
4010:
4007:
4002:
3995:
3994:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3973:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3955:
3951:
3942:
3936:
3913:
3912:
3911:Halticosaurus
3908:
3906:
3905:
3904:Teinurosaurus
3901:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3831:Megapnosaurus
3828:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3801:Coelophysidae
3798:
3792:
3791:
3790:Powellvenator
3787:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3680:Liliensternus
3677:
3675:
3674:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3651:Dolichosuchus
3648:
3646:
3645:
3644:Dilophosaurus
3641:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3626:
3619:
3618:
3617:Herrerasauria
3614:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3570:Daemonosaurus
3567:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3549:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3531:
3527:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3456:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3401:
3396:
3394:
3389:
3387:
3382:
3381:
3378:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3347:
3344:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3304:
3301:
3295:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3273:China Geology
3270:
3263:
3260:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3224:
3221:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3201:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3171:0-253-34595-2
3168:
3164:
3163:
3156:
3153:
3148:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3035:
3032:
3026:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2948:
2945:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2901:
2898:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2848:
2844:(2): 235â259.
2843:
2839:
2835:
2828:
2825:
2820:
2814:
2810:
2803:
2800:
2795:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2743:
2740:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2624:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2419:
2418:Tyrannosaurus
2413:
2409:
2408:ankylosaurids
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2381:
2376:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2358:
2357:Chirostenotes
2353:
2352:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2333:Struthiomimus
2329:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2280:
2279:Panoplosaurus
2275:
2274:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2262:Corythosaurus
2259:
2255:
2254:
2253:Corythosaurus
2249:
2248:
2242:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2226:caenagnathids
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2179:
2174:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2138:braided river
2135:
2131:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2034:
2033:Charonosaurus
2030:(or possibly
2029:
2028:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2006:Maastrichtian
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1962:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1949:Struthiomimus
1945:
1944:
1939:
1936:and having a
1935:
1931:
1930:ornithomimids
1927:
1924:The skull of
1919:
1914:
1907:
1906:
1898:
1897:
1889:
1888:
1880:
1879:
1871:
1870:
1862:
1861:
1853:
1852:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1809:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1780:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1757:
1756:Struthiomimus
1751:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1722:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1693:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1677:ornithomimid
1676:
1670:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1641:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1622:Struthiomimus
1618:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1585:
1584:
1576:
1575:
1567:
1566:
1558:
1557:
1549:
1548:
1540:
1539:
1531:
1530:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1509:Struthiomimus
1504:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1453:
1452:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1397:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1332:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1254:Pelecanimimus
1249:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1210:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1192:Qiupalong sp.
1189:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1178:
1177:Struthiomimus
1173:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1128:Struthiomimus
1119:
1108:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1091:ornithomimids
1088:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1071:Kundurosaurus
1067:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1044:remains from
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
983:
979:
977:
976:
971:
970:
969:Struthiomimus
965:
960:
956:
952:
951:Q. henanensis
948:
944:
943:Qiupalong sp.
939:
937:
933:
929:
924:
922:
918:
914:
909:
905:
901:
890:
883:
878:
874:
873:Struthiomimus
870:
863:
858:
851:
846:
839:
834:
827:
822:
815:
812:by McFeeters
811:
801:
799:
797:
793:
789:
788:
787:Alectrosaurus
784:
779:
777:
776:
771:
770:
765:
764:
759:
758:
757:Struthiomimus
753:
752:
747:
742:
737:
734:
729:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
687:
682:
675:
673:
671:
670:synapomorphic
667:
666:plesiomorphic
663:
659:
655:
651:
646:
643:
639:
635:
631:
630:
629:Struthiomimus
625:
624:
619:
615:
609:
605:
601:
594:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
555:In 2023, the
553:
551:
547:
543:
542:Maastrichtian
539:
535:
531:
527:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
488:
487:Qiupalong sp.
483:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
425:Maastrichtian
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
393:
386:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:
348:Q. henanensis
344:
340:
336:
333:
329:
326:
322:
319:
309:
303:
295:
291:
290:
279:
273:
272:
264:
261:
257:
253:
249:
243:
242:
235:
232:
231:
228:
222:
219:
218:
215:
209:
206:
203:
202:
199:
196:
193:
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
128:
123:
119:
114:
110:
105:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
37:Maastrichtian
32:
26:
22:
19:
7697:
7615:
7557:
7486:
7479:
7472:
7465:
7459:
7458:
7453:Ornithomimus
7451:
7444:
7437:
7430:
7423:
7416:
7409:
7391:Tyrannomimus
7389:
7381:
7373:
7366:
7361:Deinocheirus
7359:
7352:
7332:
7325:
7318:
7294:
7286:
7281:Nqwebasaurus
7279:
7274:Nedcolbertia
7272:
7265:
7258:
7252:Calamosaurus
7250:
7244:Aviatyrannis
7242:
7235:
7210:
7180:
7173:
7166:
7158:
7151:
7144:
7137:
7129:
7124:Aristosuchus
7122:
7116:Aniksosaurus
7114:
7096:Aniksosaurus
7094:
7064:
7057:
7049:
6995:
6960:
6953:
6946:
6939:
6865:
6858:
6851:
6831:
6824:
6819:Dynamoterror
6817:
6797:
6790:
6770:
6763:
6743:
6738:Asiatyrannus
6736:
6712:
6705:
6676:Dryptosaurus
6674:
6667:
6660:
6629:
6622:
6615:
6607:
6600:
6593:
6586:
6579:
6572:
6567:Jinbeisaurus
6565:
6558:
6551:
6543:
6538:Aviatyrannis
6536:
6529:
6495:
6490:Sinotyrannus
6488:
6481:
6474:
6467:
6446:
6439:
6417:
6410:
6369:
6362:
6355:
6347:
6340:
6332:
6324:
6319:Bicentenaria
6317:
6309:
6304:Asiamericana
6302:
6295:
6236:
6177:
6170:
6163:
6156:
6149:
6142:
6135:
6114:
6106:
6099:
6092:
6085:
6079:Deltadromeus
6077:
6069:
6062:
6011:Tyrannotitan
6009:
6002:
5995:
5988:
5968:
5944:
5939:Taurovenator
5937:
5930:
5923:
5918:Lajasvenator
5916:
5909:
5902:
5897:Concavenator
5895:
5887:
5880:
5855:
5847:
5840:
5832:
5824:
5804:
5797:
5789:
5782:
5775:
5768:
5743:
5735:
5727:
5720:
5713:Allosauridae
5681:
5674:
5669:Shidaisaurus
5667:
5660:
5653:
5633:
5625:
5600:
5592:
5585:
5578:
5547:
5539:
5531:
5524:
5497:
5489:
5477:Avetheropoda
5464:Avetheropoda
5435:
5394:Avetheropoda
5361:
5354:
5347:Spinosaurini
5334:
5327:
5320:
5313:
5305:
5277:
5270:
5263:
5242:
5234:
5227:
5222:Protathlitis
5220:
5213:
5188:
5181:
5174:
5166:
5131:
5124:
5117:
5112:Leshansaurus
5110:
5103:
5096:
5076:
5069:
5064:Megalosaurus
5062:
5057:Duriavenator
5055:
5035:
5010:
4994:Megalosauria
4975:
4968:
4963:Marshosaurus
4961:
4956:Condorraptor
4954:
4934:
4893:
4886:
4878:
4871:
4864:
4857:
4850:
4843:
4837:Cruxicheiros
4835:
4828:
4820:
4812:
4804:
4669:
4664:Quilmesaurus
4662:
4655:
4648:
4640:
4633:
4626:
4619:
4612:
4592:
4585:
4577:
4570:
4563:
4556:
4549:
4542:
4535:
4527:
4516:Brachyrostra
4502:
4482:
4474:
4467:
4460:
4453:
4445:
4438:
4418:
4413:Tralkasaurus
4411:
4404:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4376:
4369:
4362:
4354:
4347:
4315:Vespersaurus
4313:
4308:Velocisaurus
4306:
4299:
4292:
4285:
4265:
4258:
4251:
4231:
4224:
4217:
4209:
4203:Deltadromeus
4201:
4193:
4187:Compsosuchus
4185:
4178:
4170:
4162:
4137:
4129:
4123:Lametasaurus
4121:
4113:
4079:
4074:Ceratosaurus
4072:
4052:
4044:
4037:
4029:
4022:
4006:Ceratosauria
3991:
3984:
3909:
3902:
3860:
3852:
3845:
3837:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3808:
3788:
3783:Podokesaurus
3781:
3774:
3767:
3759:
3735:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3666:Gojirasaurus
3664:
3659:Dracovenator
3657:
3649:
3642:
3630:Neotheropoda
3615:
3607:
3599:
3593:Guaibasaurus
3591:
3584:
3576:
3568:
3562:Chindesaurus
3560:
3450:
3441:
3357:
3353:
3346:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3279:(1): 28â35.
3276:
3272:
3262:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3223:
3206:
3200:
3191:
3160:
3155:
3110:
3106:
3074:
3070:
3041:
3034:
3015:
3011:
2964:(1). 13842.
2961:
2957:
2947:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2867:
2863:
2850:
2841:
2837:
2827:
2808:
2802:
2757:
2753:
2742:
2725:
2721:
2676:
2672:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2574:
2570:
2485:
2475:Tianyusaurus
2473:
2463:
2456:
2443:
2434:
2427:
2415:
2385:
2363:Caenagnathus
2361:
2355:
2349:
2345:
2331:
2327:Ornithomimus
2325:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2307:
2301:
2295:
2291:Lambeosaurus
2289:
2285:Chasmosaurus
2283:
2277:
2273:Dyoplosaurus
2271:
2265:
2261:
2258:Centrosaurus
2257:
2251:
2247:Centrosaurus
2245:
2240:
2238:
2232:, and other
2222:dromaeosaurs
2202:hadrosaurids
2185:
2183:
2178:Centrosaurus
2177:
2145:depositional
2121:
2117:
2111:
2090:
2077:
2075:
2049:
2043:
2039:Sinoceratops
2037:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2015:
2014:
1989:
1986:phylogenetic
1978:geologically
1969:
1967:
1947:
1943:Ornithomimus
1941:
1925:
1923:
1915:Paleoecology
1831:Ornithomimus
1829:
1813:
1812:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1754:
1726:
1725:
1697:
1696:
1673:
1645:
1644:
1620:
1616:Ornithomimus
1614:
1611:sister taxon
1604:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1507:
1487:Ornithomimus
1485:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1418:
1417:
1401:
1400:
1365:
1364:
1336:
1335:
1304:
1303:
1274:
1252:
1230:
1214:
1213:
1191:
1183:Ornithomimus
1181:
1175:
1171:
1169:
1163:and several
1158:
1152:
1149:phylogenetic
1142:
1135:
1132:Ornithomimus
1131:
1127:
1086:
1079:histological
1076:
1069:
1063:
1053:
1025:
1011:
998:
995:type species
988:
975:Ornithomimus
973:
967:
963:
958:
950:
942:
940:
925:
912:
897:
888:
872:
869:Ornithomimus
868:
813:
809:
795:
792:coelurosaurs
785:
780:
773:
767:
761:
755:
751:Ornithomimus
749:
740:
738:
730:
715:, all three
696:
690:
685:
647:
627:
623:Ornithomimus
621:
613:
612:
607:
588:
572:
554:
545:
533:
530:type species
525:
523:
499:ornithomimid
492:
486:
447:
441:
432:
429:Mesozoic Era
415:province in
407:which is in
405:Tantou Basin
398:
381:type species
356:
347:
346:
305:
288:
287:
286:
277:
270:
269:
260:Type species
247:
240:
239:
204:
191:
178:
165:
24:
18:
7640:Wikispecies
7518:Maniraptora
7507:Maniraptora
7488:Tototlmimus
7418:Anserimimus
7368:Garudimimus
7354:Beishanlong
7296:Valdoraptor
7237:Arkansaurus
7182:Xunmenglong
7059:Juravenator
6853:Tarbosaurus
6745:Nanuqsaurus
6714:Gorgosaurus
6631:Megaraptora
6617:Timurlengia
6349:Sciurumimus
6297:Aratasaurus
6165:Murusraptor
6087:Fukuiraptor
6050:Megaraptora
5932:Shaochilong
5904:Eocarcharia
5857:Megaraptora
5777:Lusovenator
5655:Alpkarakush
5512:Carnosauria
5363:Spinosaurus
5336:Siamosaurus
5236:Suchosaurus
5183:Iberospinus
5119:Magnosaurus
5098:Afrovenator
5071:Torvosaurus
4822:Chilesaurus
4635:Carnotaurus
4628:Caletodraco
4614:Abelisaurus
4440:Arcovenator
4287:Laevisuchus
4278:Noasaurinae
4180:Berthasaura
4151:Noasauridae
4081:Genyodectes
4046:Lukousaurus
4039:Jubbulpuria
3839:Panguraptor
3817:Coelophysis
3810:Camposaurus
3769:Panguraptor
3761:Dracoraptor
3737:Zupaysaurus
3722:Tachiraptor
3701:Sarcosaurus
3601:Nhandumirim
2635:: 355â373.
2454:oviraptorid
2450:troodontids
2441:dromaeosaur
2432:alvarezsaur
2303:Gorgosaurus
2230:troodontids
2210:ankylosaurs
2206:ceratopsids
2051:Tarbosaurus
2021:Saurolophus
1815:Anserimimus
1606:Anserimimus
1403:Anserimimus
1306:Garudimimus
1216:Beishanlong
1034:Amur Oblast
717:metatarsals
650:apomorphies
642:metatarsals
595:Description
565:Amur Oblast
460:South Korea
7770:Categories
7446:Gallimimus
7375:Harpymimus
7320:Harpymimus
6941:Iliosuchus
6911:see belowâ
6756:Alioramini
6574:Juratyrant
6560:Eotyrannus
6545:Bagaraatan
6497:Yutyrannus
6431:Coeluridae
6357:Vayuraptor
6203:see belowâ
6179:Tratayenia
6172:Orkoraptor
6158:Megaraptor
6064:Aoniraptor
5997:Mapusaurus
5925:Sauroniops
5889:Altispinax
5842:Neovenator
5784:Siamraptor
5770:Datanglong
5737:Epanterias
5729:Antrodemus
5722:Allosaurus
5703:Allosauria
5526:Altispinax
5491:Gasosaurus
5403:see belowâ
5279:Suchomimus
4880:Sinosaurus
4715:see belowâ
4671:Viavenator
4621:Aucasaurus
4558:Ilokelesia
4529:Dahalokely
4484:Rajasaurus
4462:Indosaurus
4455:Genusaurus
4447:Dahalokely
4371:Indosuchus
4267:Limusaurus
4226:Ligabueino
4219:Kiyacursor
4211:Genusaurus
4195:Dahalokely
4115:Betasuchus
3986:Dornraptor
3886:see belowâ
3862:Segisaurus
3715:Sinosaurus
3578:Eodromaeus
3507:see belowâ
3455:Dinosauria
3437:Sauropsida
3018:: 90â110.
2526:References
2480:edentulous
2452:, and the
2436:Qiupanykus
2176:A herd of
2127:calcareous
2045:Olorotitan
1934:edentulous
1728:Gallimimus
1420:Gallimimus
1232:Harpymimus
1160:Allosaurus
1130:(top) and
1065:Olorotitan
955:morphology
871:(G-H) and
775:Harpymimus
763:Gallimimus
733:taphonomic
654:astragalus
581:hadrosaurs
185:Saurischia
172:Dinosauria
7713:Q20719197
7646:Qiupalong
7616:Qiupalong
7596:Dinosaurs
7522:includes
7467:Rativates
7460:Qiupalong
7160:Scipionyx
7153:Mirischia
6826:Lythronax
6765:Alioramus
6419:Labocania
6137:Aerosteon
5683:Sinraptor
5587:Erectopus
5322:Irritator
4907:Orionides
4792:Tetanurae
4779:Tetanurae
4706:Tetanurae
4642:Elemgasem
4565:Llukalkan
4544:Elemgasem
4301:Noasaurus
4164:Afromimus
3972:Averostra
3959:Averostra
3877:Averostra
3729:Velocipes
3548:Theropoda
3535:Theropoda
3498:Theropoda
3423:Kingdom:
3407:Theropoda
3129:1932-6203
2939:218968100
2695:2587-5779
2623:Qiupalong
2428:Qiupalong
2424:theropods
2400:dinosaurs
2396:described
2346:Qiupalong
2322:Qiupalong
2318:Qiupalong
2241:Qiupalong
2186:Qiupalong
2130:siltstone
2122:Qiupalong
2118:Qiupalong
2078:Qiupalong
2016:Qiupalong
2002:Campanian
1990:Qiupalong
1982:Laramidia
1970:Qiupalong
1932:in being
1926:Qiupalong
1786:Qiupalong
1594:Qiupalong
1459:Qiupalong
1172:Qiupalong
1136:Qiupalong
1087:Qiupalong
1060:hadrosaur
999:Qiupalong
964:Qiupalong
959:Qiupalong
913:Qiupalong
816:., (2017)
810:Qiupalong
796:Qiupalong
741:Qiupalong
697:Qiupalong
686:Qiupalong
658:calcaneum
614:Qiupalong
608:Qiupalong
589:Qiupalong
573:Qiupalong
550:Laramidia
546:Qiupalong
538:Campanian
534:Qiupalong
526:Qiupalong
448:Qiupalong
437:dinosaurs
433:Qiupalong
387:Discovery
369:Laramidia
361:dinosaurs
357:Qiupalong
307:Qiƫpålóng
289:Qiupalong
241:Qiupalong
198:Theropoda
145:Kingdom:
139:Eukaryota
25:Qiupalong
7707:Wikidata
7631:Q1909495
7625:Wikidata
7051:Coelurus
6476:Kileskus
6469:Guanlong
6441:Coelurus
6334:Gualicho
5834:Gualicho
5215:Baryonyx
4551:Guemesia
4378:Kryptops
4139:Ozraptor
3776:Pendraig
3431:Chordata
3429:Phylum:
3425:Animalia
3338:23314810
3254:85665879
3147:29166406
3107:PLOS ONE
2990:37679444
2981:10484975
2884:25264248
2794:36122246
2728:(1149).
2494:See also
2390:is very
2344:today.
2134:mudstone
2084:and the
1675:Bissekty
1145:holotype
1042:theropod
993:for the
947:holotype
898:Several
693:holotype
676:Holotype
472:holotype
328:theropod
220:Family:
159:Chordata
155:Phylum:
149:Animalia
135:Domain:
7740:6150616
7727:8572064
7673:6150615
7660:8498694
6609:Timimus
6371:Zuolong
6101:Rapator
6004:Meraxes
5329:Oxalaia
4650:Koleken
3673:Lepidus
3435:Class:
3318:Bibcode
3281:Bibcode
3138:5699823
2919:Bibcode
2892:8879023
2785:9522366
2762:Bibcode
2487:Yuornis
2470:lizards
2466:turtles
2351:Citipes
2192:or the
2153:coastal
2149:fossils
2100:of the
1036:of the
908:Alberta
721:phalanx
703:, both
567:in the
563:of the
507:Alberta
411:of the
377:Alberta
318:extinct
294:Chinese
233:Genus:
7753:176038
7686:176037
7582:Portal
7260:Hexing
6948:Kakuru
6553:Dilong
4594:Thanos
4572:Niebla
4392:Rugops
4385:Kurupi
3336:
3252:
3169:
3145:
3135:
3127:
2988:
2978:
2937:
2890:
2882:
2815:
2792:
2782:
2760:(39).
2693:
2629:FACETS
2458:Yulong
2439:, the
2404:family
2392:fossil
2360:, and
2342:Africa
2338:bovids
2294:, and
2208:, and
2098:shales
2048:, and
1976:, the
921:ungual
760:, and
725:ungual
709:ischia
640:, and
577:Russia
519:Oldman
511:Canada
468:Canada
466:, and
444:ootaxa
373:Russia
351:, the
304::
302:pinyin
296::
280:, 2011
278:et al.
248:et al.
7524:birds
6581:Moros
6108:Siats
5849:Siats
5791:Siats
3451:Clade
3442:Clade
3250:S2CID
2935:S2CID
2888:S2CID
2860:(PDF)
2679:(4).
2141:delta
1018:tibia
1003:tibia
814:et al
713:tibia
705:pubes
638:tibia
634:pubis
620:like
557:tibia
464:Japan
417:China
413:Henan
343:China
339:Henan
321:genus
205:Clade
192:Clade
179:Clade
166:Clade
7722:GBIF
7655:GBIF
7516:see
6151:Maip
3609:Tawa
3484:see
3334:PMID
3167:ISBN
3143:PMID
3125:ISSN
2986:PMID
2880:PMID
2813:ISBN
2790:PMID
2691:ISSN
2410:and
2386:The
2306:and
2260:and
2112:The
2024:and
2004:and
1974:Asia
1946:and
1938:beak
1920:Diet
1619:and
1601:2012
1180:and
1068:and
1014:2023
972:and
772:and
731:The
719:, a
701:ilia
691:The
656:and
626:and
399:The
375:and
367:and
365:Asia
313:lit.
252:2011
42:Preê
3362:doi
3358:158
3326:doi
3314:100
3289:doi
3242:doi
3211:doi
3133:PMC
3115:doi
3079:doi
3046:doi
3020:doi
2976:PMC
2966:doi
2927:doi
2915:101
2872:doi
2780:PMC
2770:doi
2758:119
2730:doi
2681:doi
2637:doi
2579:doi
2426:.
2340:in
1613:of
1194:".
997:of
949:of
923:).
906:in
875:(I)
695:of
606:of
583:of
505:in
337:of
323:of
298:ç§æéŸ
276:Xu
246:Xu
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2204:,
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2042:,
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1048:,
978:.
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341:,
310:;
300:;
250:,
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92:Pg
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