624:
1406:
976:
737:
1281:
26:
1146:
bridge were removed and the two on the aft superstructure were moved to the roof of the rear turret. On 8 December 1915, the naval command issued orders that the light battery was to be revised to just four of the 47 mm guns and eight 65 mm (2.6 in) guns. The light battery was revised again in 1916, the four 47 mm guns being converted with high-angle anti-aircraft mounts. They were placed atop the rear main battery turret and the number 5 and 6 secondary turret roofs.
1104:. It extended from 0.5 m (1 ft 8 in) below the waterline to 2.3 m (7 ft 7 in) above the line, and along the upper edge of the belt, it tapered slightly to 240 mm (9.4 in). A third, thinner strake of armor covered the upper hull at the main deck and 1st deck levels; it consisted of 64 mm (2.5 in) of steel plating on 80 mm of teak. It was connected to the forward main battery
1120:
24 mm (0.94 in) of steel. Their barbettes were 246 mm (9.7 in) thick above the main deck and reduced to 66 mm (2.6 in) below the deck; for the forward barbette, a transitional thickness of 166 mm (6.5 in) was used where the barbette was covered by the thin upper belt. The secondary turrets had cemented 138 mm (5.4 in) faces and sides and 246 mm (9.7 in) of
1112:
lower deck was flat over the engine and boiler rooms, consisting of three layers of 17 mm (0.67 in) steel, the total thickness being 51 mm (2 in). On the sides of the deck, it angled down to connect to the lower edge of the main belt. The sloped sides were two layers of 36 mm (1.4 in) steel. Sandwiched between the two decks and directly behind the belt was an extensively subdivided
61:
1032:(115 lb), respectively, which was fired at a muzzle velocity of 900 m/s (3,000 ft/s). Their rate of fire was three rounds per minute. As with the main battery turrets, the secondary turrets were electrically operated, though elevation was done by hand. Unlike the main battery guns, they could be loaded at any angle. The casemate guns were entirely hand-operated.
668:. Another meeting on 28 April 1899 settled on the final characteristics of the design, and on 29 May, Bertin was directed to alter the design to conform to the adopted specifications. Final design work took another two months, and Bertin submitted the finalized version on 8 August. After nearly a year of inaction,
1051:
and in the forward and aft superstructure, were retained. These guns had the same rate of fire as the 65 mm guns, but their range was less, at 6,000 m (6,600 yd). They also fired a significantly lighter shell, 2 kg (4.4 lb), compared to the 4.17 kg (9.2 lb) shell of
836:
were located here. In service, the arrangement proved to have several problems; the conning tower was too small to accommodate the crew, and the bridge wings obstructed views aft, which forced the commander to leave the safety of the armored conning tower to see all around the ship. In 1912–1913, the
635:
Design work on the ship continued for the next two years as the staff worked out various particulars. The staff submitted a revised proposal on 20 April 1898, with the displacement now increased to 15,000 t (14,800 long tons), which was on par with contemporary
British designs. To ensure passage
1131:
The forward conning tower had 266 mm (10.5 in) of steel on the front and side, with a 216 mm (8.5 in) thick rear wall. All four sides were backed by two layers of 17 mm plating. Access to the rear entrance to the tower was shielded by a curved bulkhead that was 174 mm
1119:
The main-battery turrets received the heaviest armor; the faces of the gunhouses were 360 mm (14 in) thick and the sides and rears were 280 mm thick, all cemented steel. Behind each plate were two layers of 20 mm (0.79 in) thick steel. The roof consisted of three layers of
1111:
Horizontal protection consisted of two armored decks. The upper deck, at main deck level, covered almost the entire ship, from the bow to the aft transverse bulkhead. It consisted of three layers of 18 mm (0.71 in) steel for a total thickness of 54 mm (2.1 in). Below that, the
1010:
was one round per minute. Both the turrets and the guns were electrically operated; both guns were typically elevated together, but they could be decoupled and operated independently if the need arose. The guns had to be depressed to a fixed loading position, −5 degrees, between shots. Ready
1124:, the greater thickness being used to counterbalance the weight of the guns. The roof consisted of three layers of 13 mm (0.51 in) of steel. The secondary casemates were 140 mm (5.5 in) thick, backed with two layers of 10 mm of steel; the guns themselves were fitted with
962:
making 19.13 knots (35.43 km/h; 22.01 mph) from 18,107 metric horsepower (17,859 ihp). Coal storage amounted to 900 t (890 long tons) normally and up to 1,800 t (1,800 long tons) at full load. At an economical cruising speed of 10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph), the
1145:
of 2 degrees. This increased the maximum range of the guns from 12,500 to 13,500 m (41,000 to 44,300 ft). New motors were installed in the secondary turrets in 1915–1916 to improve their training and elevation rates. Also in 1915, the 47 mm guns located on either side of the
1059:
submerged in the hull, abreast the forward 164.7 mm gun turrets. They were arranged at a fixed angle, 19 degrees forward of the beam. Each tube was supplied with three Modèle 1904 torpedoes, which had a range of 1,000 m (1,100 yd) at a speed of 32.5 kn (60.2 km/h;
1140:
Tests were carried out to determine whether the main-battery turrets could be modified to increase the elevation of the guns (and hence their range), but the modifications proved to be impractical. The Navy did determine that tanks on either side of the vessel could be flooded to induce a
1132:(6.9 in) thick. A heavily armored tube that consisted of 200 mm thick steel protected the communication system that connected the conning tower with the transmitting station lower in the ship. Below the upper deck, it was reduced to 20 mm on two layers of 10 mm steel.
1031:
and six in casemates in the hull. The turret guns had a maximum range of 10,800 m (11,800 yd) while the casemate guns could engage targets out to 9,000 m (9,800 yd). They were supplied with APC and SAPC ammunition, weighing 54.9 kg (121 lb) and 52.3 kg
1169:. Tests revealed the wider rangefinders were more susceptible to working themselves out of alignment, so the navy decided to retain the 2 m version for the other battleships of the fleet. By 1916, the command determined to modernize the fleet's rangefinding equipment, and
652:
layout. These proved difficult to incorporate, as the requested changes increased top weight, which necessitated reductions in armor thicknesses to keep the ship from becoming too top-heavy. The navy refused to allow the reductions, so further rearrangements were considered.
1039:, during construction it had become clear that the gun was no longer adequate for use against the latest torpedo boats. Accordingly, on 22 August 1905, the navy ordered that sixteen of those guns, all of which were to be mounted in the hull, be replaced with thirteen
1019:
standardized on a load-out of just APC and SAPC shells. In peacetime, each gun was supplied with 65 shells, for a total of 260 per ship, of which 104 were APC and the remaining 156 were SAPC. The wartime supply was three times that, at 780 shells in total.
412:, were a significant improvement over previous French battleships. They carried a similar offensive armament of four 305 mm (12 in) guns and eighteen 164 mm (6.5 in) guns, though most of the 164 mm guns were now mounted in more flexible
1011:
ammunition storage amounted to eight rounds per turret. Though earlier French battleships had carried a mix of several types of shells, including armor-piercing (APC), semi-armor-piercing (SAPC), cast iron, high-explosive, and shrapnel shells,
585:(DCCN—Central Director of Naval Construction) in 1896, was responsible for preparing the new design. Bertin had campaigned through the early 1890s for revisions to the battleships then being built, as he correctly determined that their shallow
1608:
remained in service until a pair of accidents in 1924 forced her out of service for repairs, after which she served as a stationary training vessel until 1936, when she too was decommissioned, sold in
September 1937, and broken up.
1524:
to put pressure on the neutral but pro-German government; they sent men ashore in
December to support a coup launched by pro-Allied elements in the government, but were compelled to retreat by the Greek army. The Greek monarch,
1345:, other government officials, and foreign dignitaries during this period. The ships also made frequent visits to foreign ports in the Mediterranean, including visits to Spain, Monaco, and Italy, among others. By early 1911, the
664:(Artillery Directorate), and that from the latter was adopted for the new ship. These were new two-gun turrets that allowed for more secondary weapons to be carried in turrets, which were more flexible mounts than traditional
1258:
1389:
near her forward main battery turret, killing twenty-three men. Repairs were nevertheless completed quickly and the ships conducted their typical training routine that year. Following the
2314:
604:), a significant increase in size over earlier battleships, which would allow him to incorporate the more comprehensive armor layout he deemed necessary to protect against contemporary
872:
for the superstructure. This scheme was replaced in 1908 with a medium blue-gray that replaced the black and buff, while the green hull paint was eventually replaced with dark red.
868:, another cutter, and three more whalers. As completed, the ships wore the standard paint scheme of the French fleet: green for the hull below the waterline and black above, and
1173:
was fitted with one 2.74 m and two 2 m rangefinders for her primary and secondary guns, and one 0.8 m (2 ft 7 in) Barr & Stroud rangefinder for her
1184:
s later rangefinding equipment have not survived, and the historians John Jordan and
Philippe Caresse note that "this was never fully implemented", leaving it unclear whether
1116:, which Bertin intended to limit flooding in the event of battle damage. Coal storage bunkers were placed behind the cofferdam to absorb shell splinters or armor fragments.
690:, led to a re-design of the last four members of the class. Foreign battleships began to carry a heavy secondary battery, such as the 9.2 in (234 mm) guns of the
420:. They also had a much more effective armor protection arrangement that remedied the tendency of earlier battleships to lose stability from relatively minor damage.
1337:. Throughout the 1900s and early 1910s, the ships were occupied with routine peacetime training exercises in the western Mediterranean and Atlantic. They also held
844:, their crews were increased to 44 officers and 765 enlisted men to include an admiral's staff. Each battleship carried eighteen smaller boats, including
837:
wings were removed to reduce the problem. Similar problems caused difficulties in the aft superstructure as well, particularly with the rear fire control system.
2413:
2307:
1592:
in the
Training Division in August, though the latter vessel was replaced by another ship in December 1920. Decommissioned in May 1921 and stricken from the
1585:
2643:
1445:
was in the
Mediterranean at the time, and the French high command feared it would try to interdict the convoys. The ships of the 2nd Squadron steamed to
1318:
1006:
of 865 meters per second (2,840 ft/s). At their maximum elevation of 12 degrees, the guns had a range of 12,500 m (13,700 yd). Their
1052:
the larger gun. Ammunition stowage amounted to 450 rounds per gun for the 65 mm weapons and 550 shells per gun for the 47 mm guns.
1390:
577:. Since Germany was France's primary enemy, a considerable strengthening of its fleet pressured the French parliament to authorize a similar program.
438:
and made all existing battleships obsolescent. They nevertheless served as front-line units in the French fleet for most of their careers, well into
3345:
3335:
1313:. It included plans to concentrate the British fleet against Germany, while the French fleet, with Spanish support, would face those of Italy and
2959:
2945:
2300:
1100:
planking, which was in turn supported by two layers of 10 mm (0.39 in) steel plating. Forward, it continued all the way forward to the
442:. Their peacetime careers were largely uneventful, consisting of a normal routine of training exercises, visits to French and foreign ports, and
389:
in the early 1900s. They were ordered as part of a naval expansion program directed at countering German warship construction authorized by the
1529:, was forced to abdicate in June 1917 and his replacement led the country into the war on the side of the Allies. Both ships were then sent to
592:
Upon becoming the DCCN, Bertin was in a position to advance his ideas on battleship construction. In
November 1897, he called for a battleship
2813:
2283:
2261:
2238:
2219:
2200:
2178:
2156:
2137:
999:
280:
1405:
3173:
644:
was limited to 8.4 m (28 ft). The staff specified the standard main armament of four 305 mm (12 in) guns in two twin-
3145:
2710:
2459:
1454:
954:(33 km/h; 21 mph) as designed. On speed trials shortly after entering service, both vessels handily exceeded these figures,
3208:
3138:
3083:
676:
approved the design on 10 July 1900, and on 9 December parliament approved the 1900 Fleet Law that authorized a total of six ships.
673:
2931:
3229:
3187:
3124:
2882:
2445:
2406:
1164:
684:
1043:, which had a rate of fire of 15 shots per minute and a maximum range of 8,000 m (8,700 yd). The remaining eight
3152:
2792:
2337:
1228:
370:
3284:
2979:
2636:
669:
648:. The naval command approved the submission, but requested alterations to the design, particularly to the arrangement of the
2841:
1024:
694:
s, which prompted an increase in French secondary batteries from 164.7 to 194 mm (6.48 to 7.64 in), producing the
286:
3194:
3076:
2952:
2938:
2848:
2422:
2382:
1040:
911:
in separate watertight compartments, between the forward group of three boiler rooms and the aft one. Each engine drove a
881:
752:
292:
220:
3236:
2799:
2724:
2480:
2466:
1380:
986:
563:
3340:
2855:
2399:
3159:
2745:
2510:
2368:
1541:, which had fled to the Ottoman Empire at the start of the war, transferred to Ottoman service, and had been renamed
1367:
Throughout their peacetime careers, the ships were involved in several accidents. During maneuvers in
February 1910,
790:, which Bertin had also designed. The hulls were divided into 15 watertight compartments below the lower armor deck.
695:
394:
88:
975:
623:
562:("Fatherland") were authorized by the Fleet Law of 1900, which called for a total of six battleships. The law was a
3264:
3215:
3097:
3013:
2862:
2772:
2702:
2683:
2587:
2580:
2553:
1002:
mounted in two twin-gun turrets, one forward and one aft. These guns fired a 350-kilogram (770 lb) shell at a
783:
displaced slightly more, 14,900 metric tons (14,660 long tons) at full load. The ships' hulls were modelled on the
138:
589:
would render them vulnerable to flooding from hits above the belt that could dangerously destabilize the vessels.
3180:
3048:
3034:
3020:
3006:
2731:
2676:
2629:
2546:
2495:
2488:
2438:
2360:
2107:
1216:
76:
3250:
3201:
3166:
3131:
3062:
3055:
3027:
2999:
2717:
2669:
2539:
2473:
2452:
2344:
2254:
The World of the
Battleship: The Lives and Careers of Twenty-One Capital Ships of the World's Navies, 1880–1990
2171:
Naval
Weapons of World War One: Guns, Torpedoes, Mines and ASW Weapons of All Nations; An Illustrated Directory
1251:
380:
2924:
845:
1545:, though the only attempt made ended in failure when the battlecruiser struck several mines and ran aground.
1084:
that was 280 mm (11 in) thick amidships, which was reduced to 180 mm (7.1 in) toward the
939:
turrets and ammunition hoists and four 800-amp generators provided power for the rest of the ships' systems.
503:. The two ships thereafter became involved in Greece, where they assisted a coup against the neutral but pro-
3243:
3222:
2917:
2752:
2594:
2518:
1557:
steamed to Toulon for maintenance, and while there, had two of her main battery guns removed for use by the
1526:
1346:
1309:. In May 1907, France concluded an informal agreement with Britain and Spain after Germany had provoked the
748:
958:
reaching 19.15 knots (35.47 km/h; 22.04 mph) from 19,898 metric horsepower (19,626 ihp) and
820:
retained a small fighting mast for the foremast, but had a lighter pole mast for the mainmast. The forward
3257:
3069:
2806:
1161:
1153:
1044:
776:
714:
617:
446:
for French politicians and foreign dignitaries. At the outbreak of war in August 1914, the ships escorted
424:
298:
1977:
1035:
Though designed with a tertiary battery of twenty-four 47 mm (1.9 in) guns for defense against
3104:
3041:
2827:
2820:
2690:
2560:
1513:
1468:
1310:
736:
462:
1280:
679:
The French originally planned to build six vessels of the class, which is sometimes referred to as the
578:
409:
985:
s aft gun turret; there is damage from the piece of armor plate thrown into the ship by the exploding
2910:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2834:
1334:
1093:
1081:
784:
771:-class ships had a designed displacement of 14,870 metric tons (14,640 long tons), though in service
605:
3090:
1432:
1428:
1342:
919:; the centerline propeller was 4.85 m (15 ft 11 in) in diameter for both ships, and
593:
500:
458:
2764:
1509:
1482:
1221:
928:
649:
574:
492:
466:
431:
656:
On 23 December, the designers evaluated a pair of proposals for the secondary gun turrets from
2874:
2279:
2257:
2234:
2215:
2196:
2174:
2152:
2133:
2112:
1521:
1472:
1306:
1174:
943:
833:
657:
609:
567:
423:
Both ships entered service with the fleet in 1907, after the revolutionary British battleship
390:
200:
1385:
in Toulon; the blast hurled a large section of the ship's armor plate into the air, striking
3276:
2126:
1485:. Patrols in the southern Adriatic followed, but after repeated attacks by Austro-Hungarian
1235:
1150:
885:
865:
194:
2621:
543:
lingered on in her training role until 1936, when she was decommissioned. She was sold for
393:. The French program called for six new battleships; the last four became the very similar
2784:
2572:
2430:
2188:
2166:
1314:
1003:
760:
725:
363:
226:
25:
840:
They had a crew of 32 officers and 710 enlisted men, though while serving as a
507:
government that ultimately led to Greece's entry into the war on the side of the Allies.
469:
in September, where the French battle fleet caught and sank the Austro-Hungarian cruiser
608:. The new ship would be protected by a tall belt that covered most of the length of the
1593:
1581:
1505:
1494:
821:
809:
756:
165:
1453:
carrying some 7,000 men until they were relieved midway to France by the dreadnoughts
3329:
2971:
2271:
1577:
1562:
1463:. They thereafter joined the rest of the main French fleet and made a sweep into the
1436:
964:
904:
869:
849:
825:
524:
523:
had two of her 305 mm guns removed for use by the army and was converted into a
504:
334:
251:
1601:
1464:
1338:
1056:
1048:
1036:
1007:
936:
641:
480:
443:
304:
1160:
later had these replaced with 2.74 m (9 ft) rangefinders taken from the
1375:
with a torpedo, forcing her to return to port for repairs. On 25 September 1911,
1096:
that was 200 mm (7.9 in) thick backed with 80 mm (3.1 in) of
2658:
2531:
1558:
1534:
1420:
1397:, the ships remained close to Toulon to be prepared for the possibility of war.
1394:
1101:
1028:
951:
861:
613:
454:
439:
386:
341:
239:
66:
2292:
616:; combined, these created a large armored box which was highly subdivided with
2661:
1450:
1439:
1330:
1125:
1121:
1085:
1065:
947:
829:
805:
791:
721:
713:, they entered service shortly after the revolutionary all-big-gun battleship
645:
637:
586:
447:
435:
413:
366:
325:
318:
204:
2116:
927:
had 5 m (16 ft 5 in) screws. The ships were equipped with six
683:
class, but developments abroad, particularly the construction of the British
3116:
2991:
1573:
1475:
1424:
1211:
1113:
916:
908:
900:
857:
764:
536:
470:
461:
to France before joining the rest of the main fleet to seek battle with the
376:
2147:
Caresse, Philippe (2012). "The Battleship Gaulois". In Jordan, John (ed.).
824:
consisted of a four-deck structure erected around the forward mast and the
1092:. The belt terminated close to the stern and was capped with a transverse
1516:
to Allied troops ashore until they were evacuated in January 1916, which
1105:
841:
665:
601:
499:
joined her there in January 1916 to cover the Allied evacuation from the
417:
153:
2391:
1446:
1329:
served as the squadron's home port, though they frequently also lay in
1142:
1061:
907:
and the aft room ducted into the rear funnel. The engines were located
571:
254:(15,600 km; 9,700 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)
1530:
1486:
1413:
1326:
1077:
932:
912:
853:
516:
484:
450:
1149:
In 1912–1913, each ship received two 2 m (6 ft 7 in)
705:
class rather than a distinct class of their own. Unfortunately for
1893:
1891:
1576:
that killed eleven men while at Mudros in July, and was used as a
1490:
1404:
1279:
1089:
974:
735:
622:
597:
544:
519:, but they saw no further action during the war. In January 1918,
149:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1520:
was sent to help cover. The 2nd Squadron ships then were sent to
899:
had three-cylinder machinery. The boilers were divided into four
701:, though these are sometimes considered to be a sub-class of the
2276:
The Development of a Modern Navy: French Naval Policy, 1871–1904
2124:
Campbell, N. J. M. (1979). "France". In Gardiner, Robert (ed.).
1635:
1633:
1097:
767:
and an average draft of 8.2 m (26 ft 11 in). The
2625:
2395:
2296:
1427:
to defend the troop convoys carrying elements of the army from
1561:. Since replacements were not available, she was reduced to a
1055:
The ships were also armed with two 450 mm (17.7 in)
1360:
to what was now the 2nd Squadron of the Mediterranean Fleet,
1297:
Despite having been built to counter German naval expansion,
570:, which marked a significant expansion of their fleet under
1259:
Société Nouvelle des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée
2248:
Rodríguez González, Agustín Ramón (2018). "The Battleship
2105:
Brassey, Thomas A., ed. (1907). "Foreign Navies: France".
1379:
was damaged by the accidental explosion of the battleship
923:
had 4.8 m (15 ft 9 in) outer screws while
1504:
was sent to reinforce the Dardanelles Division fighting
1471:
to battle in September. The French encountered just the
627:
Right elevation and deck plan as depicted in Brassey's
479:
The fleet thereafter patrolled the southern end of the
1686:
1684:
1317:. The ships were assigned to the 1st Division of the
1060:
37.4 mph), carrying a 100 kg (220 lb)
2210:
Hamilton, Robert & Herwig, Holger, eds. (2004).
864:. As a flagship, these boats were augmented with an
3275:
3115:
2990:
2970:
2873:
2783:
2763:
2701:
2657:
2571:
2530:
2429:
2256:. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. pp. 268–289.
2132:. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 283–333.
775:displaced 14,605 metric tons (14,374 long tons) at
2125:
747:The ships were 131 m (429 ft 9 in)
2128:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905
2065:
2089:
2077:
2053:
2017:
2005:
1964:
1940:
1921:
1909:
1897:
1882:
1870:
1858:
1846:
1822:
1798:
1786:
1762:
1750:
1738:
1726:
1714:
1702:
1675:
1663:
1651:
1639:
1537:to guard against the possibility of a sortie by
620:to reduce the risk of uncontrollable flooding.
531:was similarly converted for training purposes.
1952:
1481:and a torpedo boat, sinking the former in the
763:of 24.25 m (79 ft 7 in) at the
2637:
2407:
2308:
2229:Jordan, John & Caresse, Philippe (2017).
1068:that could be laid by the vessels' pinnaces.
483:until repeated attacks from Austro-Hungarian
8:
1586:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
1497:, while lighter units continued the sweeps.
1128:of the same thickness as the casemate wall.
1076:The ship's main-belt armor consisted of two
1023:The secondary battery consisted of eighteen
755:, and 135.25 m (443 ft 9 in)
331:Secondary turrets: 138 mm (5.4 in)
281:305 mm (12 in) Modèle 1893/96 guns
2111:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 17–23.
1489:, the battleships of the fleet withdrew to
895:s engines were four-cylinder models, while
583:Directeur central des constructions navales
2644:
2630:
2622:
2414:
2400:
2392:
2315:
2301:
2293:
1198:
942:The propulsion system was rated at 17,500
287:164 mm (6.5 in) Modèle 1896 guns
2214:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1391:assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
1108:by a 120 mm (4.7 in) bulkhead.
1041:65 mm (2.6 in) Modèle 1902 guns
880:The ships were powered by three vertical
293:65 mm (2.6 in) Modèle 1902 guns
2652:French naval ship classes of World War I
794:were fitted to improve their stability.
1617:
1352:had begun to enter service, displacing
1364:still serving as the unit's flagship.
808:deck that extended all the way to the
164:135.25 meters (443 ft 9 in)
20:
1423:in August 1914, the French fleet was
1047:, which were located in the foremast
903:, the forward three trunked into two
7:
2278:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
2195:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
2173:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
1834:
1810:
1690:
1393:in June 1914 and during the ensuing
2274:(1987). Roberts, Stephen S. (ed.).
2231:French Battleships of World War One
2041:
2029:
1774:
1000:Canon de 305 mm Modèle 1893/96 guns
175:24.25 m (79 ft 7 in)
1027:guns; twelve were mounted in twin
935:generators were used to power the
347:Lower deck: 51 mm (2 in)
183:8.2 m (26 ft 11 in)
18:Pre-dreadnought French battleships
14:
2252:(1913)". In Taylor, Bruce (ed.).
2233:. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing.
1967:, pp. 223, 225–226, 231–233.
967:(15,600 km; 9,700 mi).
950:) and provided a top speed of 18
1624:
1191:s equipment was altered at all.
59:
24:
3346:Ship classes of the French Navy
1572:s crew suffered an outbreak of
998:-class ships consisted of four
535:was decommissioned in 1921 and
2193:A Naval History of World War I
882:triple-expansion steam engines
670:Jean Marie Antoine de Lanessan
221:triple-expansion steam engines
1:
2383:List of battleships of France
751:, 133.8 m (439 ft)
465:; this resulted in the minor
303:2 × 450 mm (18 in)
299:47 mm (1.9 in) guns
3336:République-class battleships
2212:Decisions for War, 1914–1917
2056:, pp. 257–258, 267–268.
963:ships could steam for 8,400
832:, commander's quarters, and
337:: 266 mm (10.5 in)
328:: 360 mm (14.2 in)
2703:Pre-dreadnought battleships
1305:spent their careers in the
1064:. Each ship carried twenty
1045:47 mm Modèle 1902 guns
1025:Canon de 164 mm Modèle 1893
753:long between perpendiculars
612:topped with a flat armored
242:(33 km/h; 21 mph)
3362:
344:: 54 mm (2.1 in)
321:: 280 mm (11 in)
139:Pre-dreadnought battleship
3295:
2605:
2380:
2355:
2333:
1978:"Torpedo Hits Battleship"
1325:serving as the flagship.
1250:
1227:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1207:
1204:
994:The main battery for the
720:entered service with the
662:Direction de l'artillerie
487:forced them to withdraw.
129:
38:
23:
2092:, pp. 277, 285–286.
2080:, pp. 274, 276–277.
2020:, pp. 252, 254–258.
1813:, pp. 204, 212–213.
1467:to attempt to bring the
1321:after entering service,
391:German Naval Law of 1898
3308:Completed after the war
1753:, pp. 89, 107–108.
1600:was thereafter sold to
1449:, escorted a convoy of
804:were built with a tall
732:General characteristics
728:like them obsolescent.
660:and the government-run
618:watertight compartments
527:. After the war ended,
491:was transferred to the
362:consisted of a pair of
130:General characteristics
2108:Brassey's Naval Annual
1553:In late January 1918,
1416:
1319:Mediterranean Squadron
1289:
1162:dreadnought battleship
991:
744:
743:steaming at high speed
632:
453:carrying units of the
2961:Jurien de la Gravière
2423:Battleships of France
2066:Hamilton & Herwig
1717:, pp. 89, 97–98.
1469:Austro-Hungarian Navy
1408:
1311:First Moroccan Crisis
1283:
978:
749:long at the waterline
739:
626:
606:armor-piercing shells
581:, who had become the
568:German 1898 Naval Law
463:Austro-Hungarian Navy
3302:Single ship of class
2090:Jordan & Caresse
2078:Jordan & Caresse
2054:Jordan & Caresse
2018:Jordan & Caresse
2006:Jordan & Caresse
1965:Jordan & Caresse
1941:Jordan & Caresse
1922:Jordan & Caresse
1910:Jordan & Caresse
1898:Jordan & Caresse
1883:Jordan & Caresse
1871:Jordan & Caresse
1859:Jordan & Caresse
1847:Jordan & Caresse
1823:Jordan & Caresse
1799:Jordan & Caresse
1787:Jordan & Caresse
1763:Jordan & Caresse
1751:Jordan & Caresse
1739:Jordan & Caresse
1727:Jordan & Caresse
1715:Jordan & Caresse
1703:Jordan & Caresse
1676:Jordan & Caresse
1664:Jordan & Caresse
1652:Jordan & Caresse
1640:Jordan & Caresse
1588:in 1919. She joined
1335:Villefranche-sur-Mer
674:Minister of the Navy
547:the following year.
2765:Coast defense ships
2008:, pp. 233–234.
1955:, pp. 268–271.
1912:, pp. 281–282.
1885:, pp. 98, 100.
1789:, pp. 107–108.
1729:, pp. 89, 108.
1678:, pp. 88, 109.
1433:Metropolitan France
1429:French North Africa
1419:At the outbreak of
1343:President of France
1201:
929:electric generators
501:Gallipoli Peninsula
459:French North Africa
3341:Battleship classes
2875:Protected cruisers
2327:-class battleships
2151:. London: Conway.
1987:. 17 February 1910
1985:The New York Times
1953:Rodríguez González
1543:Yavuz Sultan Selim
1510:Gallipoli campaign
1483:Battle of Antivari
1417:
1350:-class battleships
1290:
1200:Construction data
1199:
1175:anti-aircraft guns
992:
745:
688:-class battleships
633:
579:Louis-Émile Bertin
575:Alfred von Tirpitz
515:were then sent to
493:Gallipoli campaign
467:Battle of Antivari
410:Louis-Émile Bertin
3321:
3320:
3277:Seaplane carriers
2785:Armoured cruisers
2619:
2618:
2389:
2388:
2285:978-0-87021-141-6
2263:978-0-87021-906-1
2240:978-1-59114-639-1
2221:978-0-521-83679-1
2202:978-1-55750-352-7
2180:978-1-84832-100-7
2158:978-1-84486-156-9
2139:978-0-85177-133-5
2032:, pp. 55–56.
1825:, pp. 92–95.
1801:, pp. 89–92.
1705:, pp. 88–89.
1666:, pp. 87–88.
1654:, pp. 86–87.
1473:protected cruiser
1371:accidentally hit
1307:Mediterranean Sea
1273:
1272:
1266:17 December 1903
1243:4 September 1902
1240:27 December 1901
1151:Barr & Stroud
944:metric horsepower
886:Niclausse boilers
884:with twenty-four
658:Schneider-Creusot
650:secondary battery
558:("Republic") and
353:
352:
201:metric horsepower
195:Niclausse boilers
85:Succeeded by
3353:
3085:Enseigne Gabolde
2981:La Motte-Picquet
2646:
2639:
2632:
2623:
2573:Fast battleships
2431:Pre-dreadnoughts
2416:
2409:
2402:
2393:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2294:
2289:
2267:
2244:
2225:
2206:
2189:Halpern, Paul G.
2184:
2167:Friedman, Norman
2162:
2143:
2131:
2120:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1982:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1730:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1628:
1622:
1571:
1284:Illustration of
1246:12 January 1907
1236:Arsenal de Brest
1202:
1190:
1183:
984:
894:
726:pre-dreadnoughts
629:The Naval Annual
495:in May 1915 and
267:710 enlisted men
227:screw propellers
65:
63:
62:
30:Illustration of
28:
21:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3317:
3291:
3271:
3189:Amiral Bourgois
3111:
2986:
2966:
2933:D'Entrecasteaux
2869:
2779:
2759:
2697:
2653:
2650:
2620:
2615:
2601:
2567:
2526:
2425:
2420:
2390:
2385:
2376:
2351:
2329:
2321:
2286:
2270:
2264:
2247:
2241:
2228:
2222:
2209:
2203:
2187:
2181:
2165:
2159:
2146:
2140:
2123:
2104:
2101:
2096:
2088:
2084:
2076:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2052:
2048:
2040:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2016:
2012:
2004:
2000:
1990:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1963:
1959:
1951:
1947:
1939:
1928:
1920:
1916:
1908:
1904:
1896:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1869:
1865:
1857:
1853:
1845:
1841:
1833:
1829:
1821:
1817:
1809:
1805:
1797:
1793:
1785:
1781:
1773:
1769:
1761:
1757:
1749:
1745:
1737:
1733:
1725:
1721:
1713:
1709:
1701:
1697:
1689:
1682:
1674:
1670:
1662:
1658:
1650:
1646:
1638:
1631:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1569:
1551:
1514:gunfire support
1512:; she provided
1403:
1315:Austria-Hungary
1295:
1278:
1197:
1188:
1181:
1138:
1074:
1004:muzzle velocity
982:
973:
915:, three-bladed
892:
878:
788:-class cruisers
734:
692:King Edward VII
686:King Edward VII
553:
416:rather than in
385:—built for the
364:pre-dreadnought
188:Installed power
60:
58:
34:
19:
12:
11:
5:
3359:
3357:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3328:
3327:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3281:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3121:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2996:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2976:
2974:
2972:Light cruisers
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2947:Châteaurenault
2943:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2884:Amiral Cécille
2879:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2850:Jules Michelet
2846:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2801:Amiral Charner
2797:
2789:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2769:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2707:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2666:
2664:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2626:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2577:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2536:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2516:
2508:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2447:Charles Martel
2443:
2435:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2396:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2365:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2342:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2284:
2272:Ropp, Theodore
2268:
2262:
2245:
2239:
2226:
2220:
2207:
2201:
2185:
2179:
2163:
2157:
2144:
2138:
2121:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2082:
2070:
2068:, p. 181.
2058:
2046:
2044:, p. 132.
2034:
2022:
2010:
1998:
1969:
1957:
1945:
1926:
1924:, p. 282.
1914:
1902:
1900:, p. 100.
1887:
1875:
1863:
1851:
1839:
1837:, p. 223.
1827:
1815:
1803:
1791:
1779:
1767:
1755:
1743:
1741:, p. 248.
1731:
1719:
1707:
1695:
1693:, p. 297.
1680:
1668:
1656:
1644:
1629:
1627:, p. 329.
1616:
1614:
1611:
1594:naval register
1582:Constantinople
1550:
1547:
1508:forces in the
1402:
1399:
1294:
1293:Prewar careers
1291:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1256:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1233:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1206:
1196:
1193:
1137:
1134:
1082:cemented steel
1073:
1070:
972:
969:
965:nautical miles
877:
874:
822:superstructure
733:
730:
552:
549:
539:in Italy, but
408:, designed by
351:
350:
349:
348:
345:
338:
332:
329:
322:
314:
310:
309:
308:
307:
301:
295:
289:
283:
275:
271:
270:
269:
268:
265:
260:
256:
255:
252:nautical miles
248:
244:
243:
236:
232:
231:
230:
229:
223:
215:
211:
210:
209:
208:
197:
189:
185:
184:
181:
177:
176:
173:
169:
168:
162:
158:
157:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
127:
126:
123:
119:
118:
115:
111:
110:
107:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
86:
82:
81:
74:
70:
69:
56:
52:
51:
45:
41:
40:
39:Class overview
36:
35:
29:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3358:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3324:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3231:Dupuy de Lôme
3228:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3078:Enseigne Roux
3075:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2843:Léon Gambetta
2840:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2794:Dupuy de Lôme
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2712:Jauréguiberry
2709:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2647:
2642:
2640:
2635:
2633:
2628:
2627:
2624:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2461:Jauréguiberry
2458:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2417:
2412:
2410:
2405:
2403:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2384:
2379:
2373:
2371:
2367:Followed by:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2359:Preceded by:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2326:
2318:
2313:
2311:
2306:
2304:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2287:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2130:
2129:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2091:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1999:
1986:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1946:
1943:, p. 88.
1942:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1876:
1873:, p. 98.
1872:
1867:
1864:
1861:, p. 96.
1860:
1855:
1852:
1849:, p. 95.
1848:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1780:
1777:, p. 21.
1776:
1771:
1768:
1765:, p. 89.
1764:
1759:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1645:
1642:, p. 86.
1641:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1618:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1602:ship breakers
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1578:barracks ship
1575:
1568:
1564:
1563:training ship
1560:
1556:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1527:Constantine I
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1500:In May 1915,
1498:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1437:battlecruiser
1435:. The German
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1415:
1412:steaming off
1411:
1407:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1339:naval reviews
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1265:
1263:1 April 1902
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1203:
1194:
1192:
1187:
1180:
1177:. Details of
1176:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1147:
1144:
1136:Modifications
1135:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1057:torpedo tubes
1053:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1037:torpedo boats
1033:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
990:
989:
981:
977:
970:
968:
966:
961:
957:
953:
949:
946:(17,260
945:
940:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
891:
887:
883:
875:
873:
871:
867:
866:admiral's gig
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
838:
835:
831:
827:
826:conning tower
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
793:
789:
787:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
759:. They had a
758:
754:
750:
742:
738:
731:
729:
727:
723:
719:
718:
712:
708:
704:
700:
698:
693:
689:
687:
682:
677:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
654:
651:
647:
643:
639:
630:
625:
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
550:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
525:training ship
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
477:
475:
474:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
449:
445:
444:naval reviews
441:
437:
433:
429:
428:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
397:
392:
388:
384:
383:
378:
374:
373:
368:
365:
361:
359:
346:
343:
339:
336:
335:Conning tower
333:
330:
327:
323:
320:
317:
316:
315:
312:
311:
306:
305:torpedo tubes
302:
300:
296:
294:
290:
288:
284:
282:
278:
277:
276:
273:
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266:
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246:
245:
241:
237:
234:
233:
228:
224:
222:
218:
217:
216:
213:
212:
206:
203:(17,260
202:
198:
196:
192:
191:
190:
187:
186:
182:
179:
178:
174:
171:
170:
167:
163:
160:
159:
155:
151:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
128:
124:
121:
120:
116:
113:
112:
108:
106:In commission
105:
104:
100:
97:
96:
93:
91:
87:
84:
83:
80:
79:
75:
72:
71:
68:
57:
54:
53:
49:
46:
43:
42:
37:
33:
27:
22:
16:
3323:
3285:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3210:Gustave Zédé
3209:
3202:
3196:Charles Brun
3195:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2980:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2864:Edgar Quinet
2863:
2857:Ernest Renan
2856:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2815:Jeanne d'Arc
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2773:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2738:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2670:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2532:Dreadnoughts
2519:
2511:
2503:
2502:
2496:
2489:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2369:
2361:
2345:
2338:
2324:
2323:
2275:
2253:
2250:Alfonso XIII
2249:
2230:
2211:
2192:
2170:
2149:Warship 2012
2148:
2127:
2106:
2085:
2073:
2061:
2049:
2037:
2025:
2013:
2001:
1989:. Retrieved
1984:
1972:
1960:
1948:
1917:
1905:
1878:
1866:
1854:
1842:
1830:
1818:
1806:
1794:
1782:
1770:
1758:
1746:
1734:
1722:
1710:
1698:
1671:
1659:
1647:
1620:
1605:
1597:
1589:
1566:
1554:
1552:
1542:
1538:
1517:
1501:
1499:
1477:
1465:Adriatic Sea
1460:
1455:
1441:
1418:
1409:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1322:
1302:
1298:
1296:
1285:
1269:1 July 1907
1252:
1229:
1222:Commissioned
1185:
1178:
1170:
1165:
1157:
1154:rangefinders
1148:
1139:
1130:
1118:
1110:
1075:
1054:
1049:fighting top
1034:
1029:wing turrets
1022:
1016:
1012:
1008:rate of fire
995:
993:
987:
979:
959:
955:
941:
937:main battery
924:
920:
901:boiler rooms
896:
889:
879:
839:
817:
813:
801:
797:
796:
785:
780:
772:
768:
757:long overall
746:
740:
724:, rendering
716:
710:
706:
702:
696:
691:
685:
680:
678:
661:
655:
636:through the
634:
628:
591:
582:
559:
555:
554:
540:
532:
528:
520:
512:
508:
496:
488:
481:Adriatic Sea
478:
472:
432:commissioned
426:
422:
405:
401:
395:
381:
371:
357:
356:
354:
145:Displacement
89:
77:
47:
31:
15:
2726:Charlemagne
2662:battleships
2659:Dreadnought
2482:Charlemagne
1584:during the
1559:French Army
1535:Dardanelles
1451:troop ships
1421:World War I
1401:World War I
1395:July Crisis
1126:gun shields
1066:naval mines
792:Bilge keels
717:Dreadnought
646:gun turrets
598:metric tons
455:French Army
440:World War I
427:Dreadnought
414:gun turrets
387:French Navy
367:battleships
264:32 officers
150:metric tons
73:Preceded by
67:French Navy
3330:Categories
3217:Amphitrite
3117:Submarines
3099:Aventurier
3015:Pertuisane
2992:Destroyers
2740:République
2504:République
2339:République
2325:République
2099:References
1604:in Italy.
1598:République
1590:République
1555:République
1518:République
1387:République
1377:République
1373:République
1354:République
1331:Golfe-Juan
1299:République
1286:République
1230:République
1186:République
1179:République
1122:mild steel
1013:République
996:République
980:République
956:République
931:; two 500-
921:République
890:République
830:charthouse
814:République
806:forecastle
798:République
773:République
769:République
741:République
722:Royal Navy
707:République
703:République
638:Suez Canal
594:displacing
587:belt armor
556:République
533:République
521:République
509:République
497:République
448:troop ship
436:Royal Navy
402:République
372:République
358:République
259:Complement
214:Propulsion
48:République
3314:Cancelled
3175:Archimède
3140:Argonaute
3050:Voltigeur
3036:Branlebas
3022:Arquebuse
2954:D'Estrées
2919:Descartes
2685:Normandie
2612:Cancelled
2589:Richelieu
2582:Dunkerque
2555:Normandie
2117:496786828
1613:Footnotes
1596:in June,
1574:influenza
1476:SMS
1456:Jean Bart
1440:SMS
1425:mobilized
1212:Laid down
1156:, though
1114:cofferdam
909:amidships
876:Machinery
777:full load
765:waterline
715:HMS
666:casemates
602:long tons
537:broken up
471:SMS
434:into the
430:had been
425:HMS
418:casemates
377:lead ship
154:long tons
114:Completed
109:1907–1936
101:1901–1907
55:Operators
3252:Lagrange
3203:Clorinde
3182:Mariotte
3168:Brumaire
3161:Pluviôse
3147:Émeraude
3133:Aigrette
3064:Bouclier
3057:Chasseur
3029:Claymore
3001:Durandal
2774:Henri IV
2678:Bretagne
2548:Bretagne
2191:(1995).
2169:(2011).
1835:Friedman
1811:Friedman
1691:Campbell
1533:off the
1341:for the
1288:underway
1217:Launched
1208:Builder
1106:barbette
1094:bulkhead
971:Armament
854:dinghies
846:pinnaces
842:flagship
810:mainmast
600:(13,400
564:reaction
324:Primary
274:Armament
152:(14,640
122:Scrapped
3266:O'Byrne
3245:Joessel
3224:Bellone
2940:Guichen
2926:D'Assas
2829:Dupleix
2822:Gueydon
2808:Pothuau
2747:Liberté
2733:Suffren
2671:Courbet
2541:Courbet
2512:Liberté
2497:Suffren
2468:Masséna
2440:Brennus
2370:Liberté
2362:Suffren
2042:Caresse
2030:Halpern
1991:13 July
1775:Brassey
1506:Ottoman
1487:U-boats
1461:Courbet
1447:Algiers
1382:Liberté
1276:History
1166:Courbet
1078:strakes
1062:warhead
988:Liberté
905:funnels
858:whalers
850:cutters
697:Liberté
631:in 1906
596:13,600
572:Admiral
566:to the
485:U-boats
451:convoys
396:Liberté
326:turrets
199:17,500
148:14,870
90:Liberté
78:Suffren
3286:Foudre
3259:Armide
3126:Sirène
3071:Bisson
3008:Framée
2912:Linois
2905:Friant
2898:Troude
2891:Forbin
2836:Gloire
2754:Danton
2719:Bouvet
2596:Alsace
2520:Danton
2475:Bouvet
2454:Carnot
2346:Patrie
2282:
2260:
2237:
2218:
2199:
2177:
2155:
2136:
2115:
1606:Patrie
1567:Patrie
1539:Goeben
1531:Mudros
1522:Greece
1502:Patrie
1442:Goeben
1414:Toulon
1410:Patrie
1369:Patrie
1362:Patrie
1358:Patrie
1348:Danton
1327:Toulon
1323:Patrie
1303:Patrie
1253:Patrie
1171:Patrie
1158:Patrie
1017:Patrie
960:Patrie
925:Patrie
913:bronze
897:Patrie
860:, and
834:bridge
828:. The
818:Patrie
802:Patrie
786:Gloire
781:Patrie
779:, and
711:Patrie
681:Patrie
672:, the
560:Patrie
551:Design
541:Patrie
529:Patrie
517:Mudros
513:Patrie
505:German
489:Patrie
406:Patrie
382:Patrie
379:, and
375:, the
340:Upper
250:8,400
161:Length
64:
32:Patrie
3238:Diane
3154:Circé
3106:Arabe
3043:Spahi
2522:class
2514:class
2506:class
2484:class
2372:class
1981:(PDF)
1570:'
1549:Fates
1495:Malta
1491:Corfu
1478:Zenta
1205:Name
1195:Ships
1189:'
1182:'
1090:stern
1072:Armor
983:'
952:knots
917:screw
893:'
862:punts
699:class
642:draft
545:scrap
473:Zenta
457:from
398:class
360:class
313:Armor
291:13 ×
285:18 ×
247:Range
240:knots
235:Speed
193:24 ×
180:Draft
98:Built
92:class
50:class
2692:Lyon
2562:Lyon
2490:Iéna
2280:ISBN
2258:ISBN
2235:ISBN
2216:ISBN
2197:ISBN
2175:ISBN
2153:ISBN
2134:ISBN
2113:OCLC
1993:2012
1625:Ropp
1493:and
1459:and
1356:and
1333:and
1301:and
1143:heel
1102:stem
1098:teak
1088:and
1015:and
870:buff
816:and
800:and
761:beam
709:and
614:deck
610:hull
511:and
404:and
355:The
342:deck
319:Belt
297:8 ×
279:4 ×
225:3 ×
219:3 ×
172:Beam
135:Type
44:Name
3092:M89
1580:in
1431:to
1086:bow
1080:of
948:ihp
933:amp
238:18
205:ihp
166:loa
3332::
1983:.
1929:^
1890:^
1683:^
1632:^
1565:.
888:.
856:,
852:,
848:,
812:.
640:,
476:.
400:.
3311:X
3305:C
3299:S
2645:e
2638:t
2631:v
2609:X
2415:e
2408:t
2401:v
2316:e
2309:t
2302:v
2288:.
2266:.
2243:.
2224:.
2205:.
2183:.
2161:.
2142:.
2119:.
1995:.
369:—
207:)
156:)
125:2
117:2
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
