635:
1417:
987:
748:
1292:
37:
1157:
bridge were removed and the two on the aft superstructure were moved to the roof of the rear turret. On 8 December 1915, the naval command issued orders that the light battery was to be revised to just four of the 47 mm guns and eight 65 mm (2.6 in) guns. The light battery was revised again in 1916, the four 47 mm guns being converted with high-angle anti-aircraft mounts. They were placed atop the rear main battery turret and the number 5 and 6 secondary turret roofs.
1115:. It extended from 0.5 m (1 ft 8 in) below the waterline to 2.3 m (7 ft 7 in) above the line, and along the upper edge of the belt, it tapered slightly to 240 mm (9.4 in). A third, thinner strake of armor covered the upper hull at the main deck and 1st deck levels; it consisted of 64 mm (2.5 in) of steel plating on 80 mm of teak. It was connected to the forward main battery
1131:
24 mm (0.94 in) of steel. Their barbettes were 246 mm (9.7 in) thick above the main deck and reduced to 66 mm (2.6 in) below the deck; for the forward barbette, a transitional thickness of 166 mm (6.5 in) was used where the barbette was covered by the thin upper belt. The secondary turrets had cemented 138 mm (5.4 in) faces and sides and 246 mm (9.7 in) of
1123:
lower deck was flat over the engine and boiler rooms, consisting of three layers of 17 mm (0.67 in) steel, the total thickness being 51 mm (2 in). On the sides of the deck, it angled down to connect to the lower edge of the main belt. The sloped sides were two layers of 36 mm (1.4 in) steel. Sandwiched between the two decks and directly behind the belt was an extensively subdivided
72:
1043:(115 lb), respectively, which was fired at a muzzle velocity of 900 m/s (3,000 ft/s). Their rate of fire was three rounds per minute. As with the main battery turrets, the secondary turrets were electrically operated, though elevation was done by hand. Unlike the main battery guns, they could be loaded at any angle. The casemate guns were entirely hand-operated.
679:. Another meeting on 28 April 1899 settled on the final characteristics of the design, and on 29 May, Bertin was directed to alter the design to conform to the adopted specifications. Final design work took another two months, and Bertin submitted the finalized version on 8 August. After nearly a year of inaction,
1062:
and in the forward and aft superstructure, were retained. These guns had the same rate of fire as the 65 mm guns, but their range was less, at 6,000 m (6,600 yd). They also fired a significantly lighter shell, 2 kg (4.4 lb), compared to the 4.17 kg (9.2 lb) shell of
847:
were located here. In service, the arrangement proved to have several problems; the conning tower was too small to accommodate the crew, and the bridge wings obstructed views aft, which forced the commander to leave the safety of the armored conning tower to see all around the ship. In 1912–1913, the
646:
Design work on the ship continued for the next two years as the staff worked out various particulars. The staff submitted a revised proposal on 20 April 1898, with the displacement now increased to 15,000 t (14,800 long tons), which was on par with contemporary
British designs. To ensure passage
1142:
The forward conning tower had 266 mm (10.5 in) of steel on the front and side, with a 216 mm (8.5 in) thick rear wall. All four sides were backed by two layers of 17 mm plating. Access to the rear entrance to the tower was shielded by a curved bulkhead that was 174 mm
1130:
The main-battery turrets received the heaviest armor; the faces of the gunhouses were 360 mm (14 in) thick and the sides and rears were 280 mm thick, all cemented steel. Behind each plate were two layers of 20 mm (0.79 in) thick steel. The roof consisted of three layers of
1122:
Horizontal protection consisted of two armored decks. The upper deck, at main deck level, covered almost the entire ship, from the bow to the aft transverse bulkhead. It consisted of three layers of 18 mm (0.71 in) steel for a total thickness of 54 mm (2.1 in). Below that, the
1021:
was one round per minute. Both the turrets and the guns were electrically operated; both guns were typically elevated together, but they could be decoupled and operated independently if the need arose. The guns had to be depressed to a fixed loading position, −5 degrees, between shots. Ready
1135:, the greater thickness being used to counterbalance the weight of the guns. The roof consisted of three layers of 13 mm (0.51 in) of steel. The secondary casemates were 140 mm (5.5 in) thick, backed with two layers of 10 mm of steel; the guns themselves were fitted with
973:
making 19.13 knots (35.43 km/h; 22.01 mph) from 18,107 metric horsepower (17,859 ihp). Coal storage amounted to 900 t (890 long tons) normally and up to 1,800 t (1,800 long tons) at full load. At an economical cruising speed of 10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph), the
1156:
of 2 degrees. This increased the maximum range of the guns from 12,500 to 13,500 m (41,000 to 44,300 ft). New motors were installed in the secondary turrets in 1915–1916 to improve their training and elevation rates. Also in 1915, the 47 mm guns located on either side of the
1070:
submerged in the hull, abreast the forward 164.7 mm gun turrets. They were arranged at a fixed angle, 19 degrees forward of the beam. Each tube was supplied with three Modèle 1904 torpedoes, which had a range of 1,000 m (1,100 yd) at a speed of 32.5 kn (60.2 km/h;
1151:
Tests were carried out to determine whether the main-battery turrets could be modified to increase the elevation of the guns (and hence their range), but the modifications proved to be impractical. The Navy did determine that tanks on either side of the vessel could be flooded to induce a
1143:(6.9 in) thick. A heavily armored tube that consisted of 200 mm thick steel protected the communication system that connected the conning tower with the transmitting station lower in the ship. Below the upper deck, it was reduced to 20 mm on two layers of 10 mm steel.
1042:
and six in casemates in the hull. The turret guns had a maximum range of 10,800 m (11,800 yd) while the casemate guns could engage targets out to 9,000 m (9,800 yd). They were supplied with APC and SAPC ammunition, weighing 54.9 kg (121 lb) and 52.3 kg
1180:. Tests revealed the wider rangefinders were more susceptible to working themselves out of alignment, so the navy decided to retain the 2 m version for the other battleships of the fleet. By 1916, the command determined to modernize the fleet's rangefinding equipment, and
663:
layout. These proved difficult to incorporate, as the requested changes increased top weight, which necessitated reductions in armor thicknesses to keep the ship from becoming too top-heavy. The navy refused to allow the reductions, so further rearrangements were considered.
1050:, during construction it had become clear that the gun was no longer adequate for use against the latest torpedo boats. Accordingly, on 22 August 1905, the navy ordered that sixteen of those guns, all of which were to be mounted in the hull, be replaced with thirteen
1030:
standardized on a load-out of just APC and SAPC shells. In peacetime, each gun was supplied with 65 shells, for a total of 260 per ship, of which 104 were APC and the remaining 156 were SAPC. The wartime supply was three times that, at 780 shells in total.
423:, were a significant improvement over previous French battleships. They carried a similar offensive armament of four 305 mm (12 in) guns and eighteen 164 mm (6.5 in) guns, though most of the 164 mm guns were now mounted in more flexible
1022:
ammunition storage amounted to eight rounds per turret. Though earlier French battleships had carried a mix of several types of shells, including armor-piercing (APC), semi-armor-piercing (SAPC), cast iron, high-explosive, and shrapnel shells,
596:(DCCN—Central Director of Naval Construction) in 1896, was responsible for preparing the new design. Bertin had campaigned through the early 1890s for revisions to the battleships then being built, as he correctly determined that their shallow
1619:
remained in service until a pair of accidents in 1924 forced her out of service for repairs, after which she served as a stationary training vessel until 1936, when she too was decommissioned, sold in
September 1937, and broken up.
1535:
to put pressure on the neutral but pro-German government; they sent men ashore in
December to support a coup launched by pro-Allied elements in the government, but were compelled to retreat by the Greek army. The Greek monarch,
1356:, other government officials, and foreign dignitaries during this period. The ships also made frequent visits to foreign ports in the Mediterranean, including visits to Spain, Monaco, and Italy, among others. By early 1911, the
675:(Artillery Directorate), and that from the latter was adopted for the new ship. These were new two-gun turrets that allowed for more secondary weapons to be carried in turrets, which were more flexible mounts than traditional
1269:
1400:
near her forward main battery turret, killing twenty-three men. Repairs were nevertheless completed quickly and the ships conducted their typical training routine that year. Following the
2325:
615:), a significant increase in size over earlier battleships, which would allow him to incorporate the more comprehensive armor layout he deemed necessary to protect against contemporary
883:
for the superstructure. This scheme was replaced in 1908 with a medium blue-gray that replaced the black and buff, while the green hull paint was eventually replaced with dark red.
879:, another cutter, and three more whalers. As completed, the ships wore the standard paint scheme of the French fleet: green for the hull below the waterline and black above, and
1184:
was fitted with one 2.74 m and two 2 m rangefinders for her primary and secondary guns, and one 0.8 m (2 ft 7 in) Barr & Stroud rangefinder for her
1195:
s later rangefinding equipment have not survived, and the historians John Jordan and
Philippe Caresse note that "this was never fully implemented", leaving it unclear whether
1127:, which Bertin intended to limit flooding in the event of battle damage. Coal storage bunkers were placed behind the cofferdam to absorb shell splinters or armor fragments.
701:, led to a re-design of the last four members of the class. Foreign battleships began to carry a heavy secondary battery, such as the 9.2 in (234 mm) guns of the
431:. They also had a much more effective armor protection arrangement that remedied the tendency of earlier battleships to lose stability from relatively minor damage.
1348:. Throughout the 1900s and early 1910s, the ships were occupied with routine peacetime training exercises in the western Mediterranean and Atlantic. They also held
855:, their crews were increased to 44 officers and 765 enlisted men to include an admiral's staff. Each battleship carried eighteen smaller boats, including
848:
wings were removed to reduce the problem. Similar problems caused difficulties in the aft superstructure as well, particularly with the rear fire control system.
2424:
2318:
1603:
in the
Training Division in August, though the latter vessel was replaced by another ship in December 1920. Decommissioned in May 1921 and stricken from the
1596:
2654:
1456:
was in the
Mediterranean at the time, and the French high command feared it would try to interdict the convoys. The ships of the 2nd Squadron steamed to
1329:
1017:
of 865 meters per second (2,840 ft/s). At their maximum elevation of 12 degrees, the guns had a range of 12,500 m (13,700 yd). Their
1063:
the larger gun. Ammunition stowage amounted to 450 rounds per gun for the 65 mm weapons and 550 shells per gun for the 47 mm guns.
1401:
588:. Since Germany was France's primary enemy, a considerable strengthening of its fleet pressured the French parliament to authorize a similar program.
449:
and made all existing battleships obsolescent. They nevertheless served as front-line units in the French fleet for most of their careers, well into
3356:
3346:
1324:. It included plans to concentrate the British fleet against Germany, while the French fleet, with Spanish support, would face those of Italy and
2970:
2956:
2311:
1111:
planking, which was in turn supported by two layers of 10 mm (0.39 in) steel plating. Forward, it continued all the way forward to the
453:. Their peacetime careers were largely uneventful, consisting of a normal routine of training exercises, visits to French and foreign ports, and
400:
in the early 1900s. They were ordered as part of a naval expansion program directed at countering German warship construction authorized by the
1540:, was forced to abdicate in June 1917 and his replacement led the country into the war on the side of the Allies. Both ships were then sent to
603:
Upon becoming the DCCN, Bertin was in a position to advance his ideas on battleship construction. In
November 1897, he called for a battleship
2824:
2294:
2272:
2249:
2230:
2211:
2189:
2167:
2148:
1010:
291:
1416:
3184:
655:
was limited to 8.4 m (28 ft). The staff specified the standard main armament of four 305 mm (12 in) guns in two twin-
3156:
2721:
2470:
1465:
965:(33 km/h; 21 mph) as designed. On speed trials shortly after entering service, both vessels handily exceeded these figures,
3219:
3149:
3094:
687:
approved the design on 10 July 1900, and on 9 December parliament approved the 1900 Fleet Law that authorized a total of six ships.
684:
2942:
3240:
3198:
3135:
2893:
2456:
2417:
1175:
695:
1054:, which had a rate of fire of 15 shots per minute and a maximum range of 8,000 m (8,700 yd). The remaining eight
3163:
2803:
2348:
1239:
381:
3295:
2990:
2647:
680:
659:. The naval command approved the submission, but requested alterations to the design, particularly to the arrangement of the
2852:
1035:
705:
s, which prompted an increase in French secondary batteries from 164.7 to 194 mm (6.48 to 7.64 in), producing the
297:
3205:
3087:
2963:
2949:
2859:
2433:
2393:
1051:
922:
in separate watertight compartments, between the forward group of three boiler rooms and the aft one. Each engine drove a
892:
763:
303:
231:
3247:
2810:
2735:
2491:
2477:
1391:
997:
574:
3351:
2866:
2410:
3170:
2756:
2521:
2379:
1552:, which had fled to the Ottoman Empire at the start of the war, transferred to Ottoman service, and had been renamed
1378:
Throughout their peacetime careers, the ships were involved in several accidents. During maneuvers in
February 1910,
801:, which Bertin had also designed. The hulls were divided into 15 watertight compartments below the lower armor deck.
706:
405:
99:
986:
634:
573:("Fatherland") were authorized by the Fleet Law of 1900, which called for a total of six battleships. The law was a
3275:
3226:
3108:
3024:
2873:
2783:
2713:
2694:
2598:
2591:
2564:
1013:
mounted in two twin-gun turrets, one forward and one aft. These guns fired a 350-kilogram (770 lb) shell at a
794:
displaced slightly more, 14,900 metric tons (14,660 long tons) at full load. The ships' hulls were modelled on the
149:
600:
would render them vulnerable to flooding from hits above the belt that could dangerously destabilize the vessels.
3191:
3059:
3045:
3031:
3017:
2742:
2687:
2640:
2557:
2506:
2499:
2449:
2371:
2118:
1227:
87:
3261:
3212:
3177:
3142:
3073:
3066:
3038:
3010:
2728:
2680:
2550:
2484:
2463:
2355:
2265:
The World of the
Battleship: The Lives and Careers of Twenty-One Capital Ships of the World's Navies, 1880–1990
2182:
Naval
Weapons of World War One: Guns, Torpedoes, Mines and ASW Weapons of All Nations; An Illustrated Directory
1262:
391:
2935:
856:
1556:, though the only attempt made ended in failure when the battlecruiser struck several mines and ran aground.
1095:
that was 280 mm (11 in) thick amidships, which was reduced to 180 mm (7.1 in) toward the
950:
turrets and ammunition hoists and four 800-amp generators provided power for the rest of the ships' systems.
514:. The two ships thereafter became involved in Greece, where they assisted a coup against the neutral but pro-
3254:
3233:
2928:
2763:
2605:
2529:
1568:
steamed to Toulon for maintenance, and while there, had two of her main battery guns removed for use by the
1537:
1357:
1320:. In May 1907, France concluded an informal agreement with Britain and Spain after Germany had provoked the
759:
969:
reaching 19.15 knots (35.47 km/h; 22.04 mph) from 19,898 metric horsepower (19,626 ihp) and
831:
retained a small fighting mast for the foremast, but had a lighter pole mast for the mainmast. The forward
3268:
3080:
2817:
1172:
1164:
1055:
787:
725:
628:
457:
for French politicians and foreign dignitaries. At the outbreak of war in August 1914, the ships escorted
435:
309:
1988:
1046:
Though designed with a tertiary battery of twenty-four 47 mm (1.9 in) guns for defense against
3115:
3052:
2838:
2831:
2701:
2571:
1524:
1479:
1321:
747:
473:
1291:
690:
The French originally planned to build six vessels of the class, which is sometimes referred to as the
589:
420:
996:
s aft gun turret; there is damage from the piece of armor plate thrown into the ship by the exploding
2921:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2845:
1345:
1104:
1092:
795:
782:-class ships had a designed displacement of 14,870 metric tons (14,640 long tons), though in service
616:
3101:
1443:
1439:
1353:
930:; the centerline propeller was 4.85 m (15 ft 11 in) in diameter for both ships, and
604:
511:
469:
2775:
1520:
1493:
1232:
939:
660:
585:
503:
477:
442:
667:
On 23 December, the designers evaluated a pair of proposals for the secondary gun turrets from
2885:
2290:
2268:
2245:
2226:
2207:
2185:
2163:
2144:
2123:
1532:
1483:
1317:
1185:
954:
844:
668:
620:
578:
434:
Both ships entered service with the fleet in 1907, after the revolutionary British battleship
401:
211:
1396:
in Toulon; the blast hurled a large section of the ship's armor plate into the air, striking
3287:
2137:
1496:. Patrols in the southern Adriatic followed, but after repeated attacks by Austro-Hungarian
1246:
1161:
896:
876:
205:
2632:
554:
lingered on in her training role until 1936, when she was decommissioned. She was sold for
404:. The French program called for six new battleships; the last four became the very similar
17:
2795:
2583:
2441:
2199:
2177:
1325:
1014:
771:
736:
374:
237:
36:
851:
They had a crew of 32 officers and 710 enlisted men, though while serving as a
518:
government that ultimately led to Greece's entry into the war on the side of the Allies.
480:
in September, where the French battle fleet caught and sank the Austro-Hungarian cruiser
619:. The new ship would be protected by a tall belt that covered most of the length of the
1604:
1592:
1516:
1505:
832:
820:
767:
176:
1464:
carrying some 7,000 men until they were relieved midway to France by the dreadnoughts
3340:
2982:
2282:
1588:
1573:
1474:. They thereafter joined the rest of the main French fleet and made a sweep into the
1447:
975:
915:
880:
860:
836:
535:
534:
had two of her 305 mm guns removed for use by the army and was converted into a
515:
345:
262:
1612:
1475:
1349:
1067:
1059:
1047:
1018:
947:
652:
491:
454:
315:
1171:
later had these replaced with 2.74 m (9 ft) rangefinders taken from the
1386:
with a torpedo, forcing her to return to port for repairs. On 25 September 1911,
1107:
that was 200 mm (7.9 in) thick backed with 80 mm (3.1 in) of
2669:
2542:
1569:
1545:
1431:
1408:, the ships remained close to Toulon to be prepared for the possibility of war.
1405:
1112:
1039:
962:
872:
624:
465:
450:
397:
352:
250:
77:
2303:
627:; combined, these created a large armored box which was highly subdivided with
2672:
1461:
1450:
1341:
1136:
1132:
1096:
1076:
958:
840:
816:
802:
732:
724:, they entered service shortly after the revolutionary all-big-gun battleship
656:
648:
597:
458:
446:
424:
377:
336:
329:
215:
2127:
938:
had 5 m (16 ft 5 in) screws. The ships were equipped with six
694:
class, but developments abroad, particularly the construction of the British
3127:
3002:
1584:
1486:
1435:
1222:
1124:
927:
919:
911:
868:
775:
547:
481:
472:
to France before joining the rest of the main fleet to seek battle with the
387:
2158:
Caresse, Philippe (2012). "The Battleship Gaulois". In Jordan, John (ed.).
835:
consisted of a four-deck structure erected around the forward mast and the
1103:. The belt terminated close to the stern and was capped with a transverse
1527:
to Allied troops ashore until they were evacuated in January 1916, which
1116:
852:
676:
612:
510:
joined her there in January 1916 to cover the Allied evacuation from the
428:
164:
2402:
1457:
1340:
served as the squadron's home port, though they frequently also lay in
1153:
1072:
918:
and the aft room ducted into the rear funnel. The engines were located
582:
265:(15,600 km; 9,700 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)
1541:
1497:
1424:
1337:
1088:
943:
923:
864:
527:
495:
461:
1160:
In 1912–1913, each ship received two 2 m (6 ft 7 in)
716:
class rather than a distinct class of their own. Unfortunately for
1904:
1902:
1587:
that killed eleven men while at Mudros in July, and was used as a
1501:
1415:
1290:
1100:
985:
746:
633:
608:
555:
530:, but they saw no further action during the war. In January 1918,
160:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1531:
was sent to help cover. The 2nd Squadron ships then were sent to
910:
had three-cylinder machinery. The boilers were divided into four
712:, though these are sometimes considered to be a sub-class of the
2287:
The Development of a Modern Navy: French Naval Policy, 1871–1904
2135:
Campbell, N. J. M. (1979). "France". In Gardiner, Robert (ed.).
1646:
1644:
1108:
778:
and an average draft of 8.2 m (26 ft 11 in). The
2636:
2406:
2307:
1438:
to defend the troop convoys carrying elements of the army from
1572:. Since replacements were not available, she was reduced to a
1066:
The ships were also armed with two 450 mm (17.7 in)
1371:
to what was now the 2nd Squadron of the Mediterranean Fleet,
1308:
Despite having been built to counter German naval expansion,
581:, which marked a significant expansion of their fleet under
1270:
Société Nouvelle des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée
2259:
Rodríguez González, Agustín Ramón (2018). "The Battleship
2116:
Brassey, Thomas A., ed. (1907). "Foreign Navies: France".
1390:
was damaged by the accidental explosion of the battleship
934:
had 4.8 m (15 ft 9 in) outer screws while
1515:
was sent to reinforce the Dardanelles Division fighting
1482:
to battle in September. The French encountered just the
638:
Right elevation and deck plan as depicted in Brassey's
490:
The fleet thereafter patrolled the southern end of the
1697:
1695:
1328:. The ships were assigned to the 1st Division of the
1071:
37.4 mph), carrying a 100 kg (220 lb)
2221:
Hamilton, Robert & Herwig, Holger, eds. (2004).
875:. As a flagship, these boats were augmented with an
3286:
3126:
3001:
2981:
2884:
2794:
2774:
2712:
2668:
2582:
2541:
2440:
2267:. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. pp. 268–289.
2143:. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 283–333.
786:displaced 14,605 metric tons (14,374 long tons) at
2136:
758:The ships were 131 m (429 ft 9 in)
2139:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905
2076:
2100:
2088:
2064:
2028:
2016:
1975:
1951:
1932:
1920:
1908:
1893:
1881:
1869:
1857:
1833:
1809:
1797:
1773:
1761:
1749:
1737:
1725:
1713:
1686:
1674:
1662:
1650:
1548:to guard against the possibility of a sortie by
631:to reduce the risk of uncontrollable flooding.
542:was similarly converted for training purposes.
1963:
1492:and a torpedo boat, sinking the former in the
774:of 24.25 m (79 ft 7 in) at the
2648:
2418:
2319:
2240:Jordan, John & Caresse, Philippe (2017).
1079:that could be laid by the vessels' pinnaces.
494:until repeated attacks from Austro-Hungarian
8:
1597:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
1508:, while lighter units continued the sweeps.
1139:of the same thickness as the casemate wall.
1087:The ship's main-belt armor consisted of two
1034:The secondary battery consisted of eighteen
766:, and 135.25 m (443 ft 9 in)
342:Secondary turrets: 138 mm (5.4 in)
292:305 mm (12 in) Modèle 1893/96 guns
2122:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 17–23.
1500:, the battleships of the fleet withdrew to
906:s engines were four-cylinder models, while
594:Directeur central des constructions navales
2655:
2641:
2633:
2425:
2411:
2403:
2326:
2312:
2304:
1209:
953:The propulsion system was rated at 17,500
298:164 mm (6.5 in) Modèle 1896 guns
2225:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1402:assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
1119:by a 120 mm (4.7 in) bulkhead.
1052:65 mm (2.6 in) Modèle 1902 guns
891:The ships were powered by three vertical
304:65 mm (2.6 in) Modèle 1902 guns
2663:French naval ship classes of World War I
805:were fitted to improve their stability.
1628:
1363:had begun to enter service, displacing
1375:still serving as the unit's flagship.
819:deck that extended all the way to the
175:135.25 meters (443 ft 9 in)
31:
1434:in August 1914, the French fleet was
1058:, which were located in the foremast
914:, the forward three trunked into two
7:
2289:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
2206:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
2184:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
1845:
1821:
1701:
1404:in June 1914 and during the ensuing
2285:(1987). Roberts, Stephen S. (ed.).
2242:French Battleships of World War One
2052:
2040:
1785:
1011:Canon de 305 mm Modèle 1893/96 guns
186:24.25 m (79 ft 7 in)
1038:guns; twelve were mounted in twin
946:generators were used to power the
358:Lower deck: 51 mm (2 in)
194:8.2 m (26 ft 11 in)
29:Pre-dreadnought French battleships
25:
2263:(1913)". In Taylor, Bruce (ed.).
2244:. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing.
1978:, pp. 223, 225–226, 231–233.
978:(15,600 km; 9,700 mi).
961:) and provided a top speed of 18
1635:
1202:s equipment was altered at all.
70:
35:
3357:Ship classes of the French Navy
1583:s crew suffered an outbreak of
1009:-class ships consisted of four
546:was decommissioned in 1921 and
2204:A Naval History of World War I
893:triple-expansion steam engines
681:Jean Marie Antoine de Lanessan
232:triple-expansion steam engines
1:
2394:List of battleships of France
762:, 133.8 m (439 ft)
476:; this resulted in the minor
314:2 × 450 mm (18 in)
310:47 mm (1.9 in) guns
3347:République-class battleships
2223:Decisions for War, 1914–1917
2067:, pp. 257–258, 267–268.
974:ships could steam for 8,400
843:, commander's quarters, and
348:: 266 mm (10.5 in)
339:: 360 mm (14.2 in)
2714:Pre-dreadnought battleships
1316:spent their careers in the
1075:. Each ship carried twenty
1056:47 mm Modèle 1902 guns
1036:Canon de 164 mm Modèle 1893
764:long between perpendiculars
623:topped with a flat armored
253:(33 km/h; 21 mph)
18:République class battleship
3373:
355:: 54 mm (2.1 in)
332:: 280 mm (11 in)
150:Pre-dreadnought battleship
3306:
2616:
2391:
2366:
2344:
1989:"Torpedo Hits Battleship"
1336:serving as the flagship.
1261:
1238:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1005:The main battery for the
731:entered service with the
673:Direction de l'artillerie
498:forced them to withdraw.
140:
49:
34:
2103:, pp. 277, 285–286.
2091:, pp. 274, 276–277.
2031:, pp. 252, 254–258.
1824:, pp. 204, 212–213.
1478:to attempt to bring the
1332:after entering service,
402:German Naval Law of 1898
3319:Completed after the war
1764:, pp. 89, 107–108.
1611:was thereafter sold to
1460:, escorted a convoy of
815:were built with a tall
743:General characteristics
739:like them obsolescent.
671:and the government-run
629:watertight compartments
538:. After the war ended,
502:was transferred to the
373:consisted of a pair of
141:General characteristics
2119:Brassey's Naval Annual
1564:In late January 1918,
1427:
1330:Mediterranean Squadron
1300:
1173:dreadnought battleship
1002:
755:
754:steaming at high speed
643:
464:carrying units of the
2972:Jurien de la Gravière
2434:Battleships of France
2077:Hamilton & Herwig
1728:, pp. 89, 97–98.
1480:Austro-Hungarian Navy
1419:
1322:First Moroccan Crisis
1294:
989:
760:long at the waterline
750:
637:
617:armor-piercing shells
592:, who had become the
579:German 1898 Naval Law
474:Austro-Hungarian Navy
3313:Single ship of class
2101:Jordan & Caresse
2089:Jordan & Caresse
2065:Jordan & Caresse
2029:Jordan & Caresse
2017:Jordan & Caresse
1976:Jordan & Caresse
1952:Jordan & Caresse
1933:Jordan & Caresse
1921:Jordan & Caresse
1909:Jordan & Caresse
1894:Jordan & Caresse
1882:Jordan & Caresse
1870:Jordan & Caresse
1858:Jordan & Caresse
1834:Jordan & Caresse
1810:Jordan & Caresse
1798:Jordan & Caresse
1774:Jordan & Caresse
1762:Jordan & Caresse
1750:Jordan & Caresse
1738:Jordan & Caresse
1726:Jordan & Caresse
1714:Jordan & Caresse
1687:Jordan & Caresse
1675:Jordan & Caresse
1663:Jordan & Caresse
1651:Jordan & Caresse
1599:in 1919. She joined
1346:Villefranche-sur-Mer
685:Minister of the Navy
558:the following year.
2776:Coast defense ships
2019:, pp. 233–234.
1966:, pp. 268–271.
1923:, pp. 281–282.
1896:, pp. 98, 100.
1800:, pp. 107–108.
1740:, pp. 89, 108.
1689:, pp. 88, 109.
1444:Metropolitan France
1440:French North Africa
1430:At the outbreak of
1354:President of France
1212:
940:electric generators
512:Gallipoli Peninsula
470:French North Africa
3352:Battleship classes
2886:Protected cruisers
2338:-class battleships
2162:. London: Conway.
1998:. 17 February 1910
1996:The New York Times
1964:Rodríguez González
1554:Yavuz Sultan Selim
1521:Gallipoli campaign
1494:Battle of Antivari
1428:
1361:-class battleships
1301:
1211:Construction data
1210:
1186:anti-aircraft guns
1003:
756:
699:-class battleships
644:
590:Louis-Émile Bertin
586:Alfred von Tirpitz
526:were then sent to
504:Gallipoli campaign
478:Battle of Antivari
421:Louis-Émile Bertin
3332:
3331:
3288:Seaplane carriers
2796:Armoured cruisers
2630:
2629:
2400:
2399:
2296:978-0-87021-141-6
2274:978-0-87021-906-1
2251:978-1-59114-639-1
2232:978-0-521-83679-1
2213:978-1-55750-352-7
2191:978-1-84832-100-7
2169:978-1-84486-156-9
2150:978-0-85177-133-5
2043:, pp. 55–56.
1836:, pp. 92–95.
1812:, pp. 89–92.
1716:, pp. 88–89.
1677:, pp. 87–88.
1665:, pp. 86–87.
1484:protected cruiser
1382:accidentally hit
1318:Mediterranean Sea
1284:
1283:
1277:17 December 1903
1254:4 September 1902
1251:27 December 1901
1162:Barr & Stroud
955:metric horsepower
897:Niclausse boilers
895:with twenty-four
669:Schneider-Creusot
661:secondary battery
569:("Republic") and
364:
363:
212:metric horsepower
206:Niclausse boilers
96:Succeeded by
16:(Redirected from
3364:
3096:Enseigne Gabolde
2992:La Motte-Picquet
2657:
2650:
2643:
2634:
2584:Fast battleships
2442:Pre-dreadnoughts
2427:
2420:
2413:
2404:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2305:
2300:
2278:
2255:
2236:
2217:
2200:Halpern, Paul G.
2195:
2178:Friedman, Norman
2173:
2154:
2142:
2131:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1993:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1699:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1639:
1633:
1582:
1295:Illustration of
1257:12 January 1907
1247:Arsenal de Brest
1213:
1201:
1194:
995:
905:
737:pre-dreadnoughts
640:The Naval Annual
506:in May 1915 and
278:710 enlisted men
238:screw propellers
76:
74:
73:
41:Illustration of
39:
32:
21:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3337:
3336:
3333:
3328:
3302:
3282:
3200:Amiral Bourgois
3122:
2997:
2977:
2944:D'Entrecasteaux
2880:
2790:
2770:
2708:
2664:
2661:
2631:
2626:
2612:
2578:
2537:
2436:
2431:
2401:
2396:
2387:
2362:
2340:
2332:
2297:
2281:
2275:
2258:
2252:
2239:
2233:
2220:
2214:
2198:
2192:
2176:
2170:
2157:
2151:
2134:
2115:
2112:
2107:
2099:
2095:
2087:
2083:
2075:
2071:
2063:
2059:
2051:
2047:
2039:
2035:
2027:
2023:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1999:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1974:
1970:
1962:
1958:
1950:
1939:
1931:
1927:
1919:
1915:
1907:
1900:
1892:
1888:
1880:
1876:
1868:
1864:
1856:
1852:
1844:
1840:
1832:
1828:
1820:
1816:
1808:
1804:
1796:
1792:
1784:
1780:
1772:
1768:
1760:
1756:
1748:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1724:
1720:
1712:
1708:
1700:
1693:
1685:
1681:
1673:
1669:
1661:
1657:
1649:
1642:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1580:
1562:
1525:gunfire support
1523:; she provided
1414:
1326:Austria-Hungary
1306:
1289:
1208:
1199:
1192:
1149:
1085:
1015:muzzle velocity
993:
984:
926:, three-bladed
903:
889:
799:-class cruisers
745:
703:King Edward VII
697:King Edward VII
564:
427:rather than in
396:—built for the
375:pre-dreadnought
199:Installed power
71:
69:
45:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3370:
3368:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3339:
3338:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3292:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3132:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3007:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2987:
2985:
2983:Light cruisers
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2958:Châteaurenault
2954:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2895:Amiral Cécille
2890:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2861:Jules Michelet
2857:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2812:Amiral Charner
2808:
2800:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2780:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2761:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2718:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2677:
2675:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2637:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2588:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2547:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2527:
2519:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2458:Charles Martel
2454:
2446:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2407:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2376:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2353:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2295:
2283:Ropp, Theodore
2279:
2273:
2256:
2250:
2237:
2231:
2218:
2212:
2196:
2190:
2174:
2168:
2155:
2149:
2132:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2093:
2081:
2079:, p. 181.
2069:
2057:
2055:, p. 132.
2045:
2033:
2021:
2009:
1980:
1968:
1956:
1937:
1935:, p. 282.
1925:
1913:
1911:, p. 100.
1898:
1886:
1874:
1862:
1850:
1848:, p. 223.
1838:
1826:
1814:
1802:
1790:
1778:
1766:
1754:
1752:, p. 248.
1742:
1730:
1718:
1706:
1704:, p. 297.
1691:
1679:
1667:
1655:
1640:
1638:, p. 329.
1627:
1625:
1622:
1605:naval register
1593:Constantinople
1561:
1558:
1519:forces in the
1413:
1410:
1305:
1304:Prewar careers
1302:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1267:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1217:
1207:
1204:
1148:
1145:
1093:cemented steel
1084:
1081:
983:
980:
976:nautical miles
888:
885:
833:superstructure
744:
741:
563:
560:
550:in Italy, but
419:, designed by
362:
361:
360:
359:
356:
349:
343:
340:
333:
325:
321:
320:
319:
318:
312:
306:
300:
294:
286:
282:
281:
280:
279:
276:
271:
267:
266:
263:nautical miles
259:
255:
254:
247:
243:
242:
241:
240:
234:
226:
222:
221:
220:
219:
208:
200:
196:
195:
192:
188:
187:
184:
180:
179:
173:
169:
168:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
126:
122:
121:
118:
114:
113:
110:
106:
105:
97:
93:
92:
85:
81:
80:
67:
63:
62:
56:
52:
51:
50:Class overview
47:
46:
40:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3369:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3335:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3242:Dupuy de Lôme
3239:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3089:Enseigne Roux
3086:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2854:Léon Gambetta
2851:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2805:Dupuy de Lôme
2802:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2723:Jauréguiberry
2720:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2658:
2653:
2651:
2646:
2644:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2472:Jauréguiberry
2469:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2428:
2423:
2421:
2416:
2414:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2395:
2390:
2384:
2382:
2378:Followed by:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2370:Preceded by:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2339:
2337:
2329:
2324:
2322:
2317:
2315:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2298:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2257:
2253:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
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2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2141:
2140:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2114:
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2102:
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2061:
2058:
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2042:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2010:
1997:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1957:
1954:, p. 88.
1953:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1887:
1884:, p. 98.
1883:
1878:
1875:
1872:, p. 96.
1871:
1866:
1863:
1860:, p. 95.
1859:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1791:
1788:, p. 21.
1787:
1782:
1779:
1776:, p. 89.
1775:
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1767:
1763:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1743:
1739:
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1703:
1698:
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1680:
1676:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1656:
1653:, p. 86.
1652:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1629:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1613:ship breakers
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1589:barracks ship
1586:
1579:
1575:
1574:training ship
1571:
1567:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1538:Constantine I
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1511:In May 1915,
1509:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1448:battlecruiser
1446:. The German
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1426:
1423:steaming off
1422:
1418:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1399:
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1394:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1374:
1370:
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1362:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1350:naval reviews
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1276:
1274:1 April 1902
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1214:
1205:
1203:
1198:
1191:
1188:. Details of
1187:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1158:
1155:
1147:Modifications
1146:
1144:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1126:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1068:torpedo tubes
1064:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1048:torpedo boats
1044:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1001:
1000:
992:
988:
981:
979:
977:
972:
968:
964:
960:
957:(17,260
956:
951:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
902:
898:
894:
886:
884:
882:
878:
877:admiral's gig
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
849:
846:
842:
838:
837:conning tower
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
804:
800:
798:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
770:. They had a
769:
765:
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753:
749:
742:
740:
738:
734:
730:
729:
723:
719:
715:
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601:
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587:
584:
580:
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568:
561:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
536:training ship
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
488:
486:
485:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
460:
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455:naval reviews
452:
448:
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408:
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399:
395:
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350:
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346:Conning tower
344:
341:
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331:
328:
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323:
322:
317:
316:torpedo tubes
313:
311:
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217:
214:(17,260
213:
209:
207:
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201:
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185:
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158:
155:
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139:
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132:
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127:
124:
123:
119:
117:In commission
116:
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111:
108:
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102:
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90:
86:
83:
82:
79:
68:
65:
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60:
57:
54:
53:
48:
44:
38:
33:
27:
19:
3334:
3296:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3221:Gustave Zédé
3220:
3213:
3207:Charles Brun
3206:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3011:
2991:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2875:Edgar Quinet
2874:
2868:Ernest Renan
2867:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2826:Jeanne d'Arc
2825:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2784:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2749:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2543:Dreadnoughts
2530:
2522:
2514:
2513:
2507:
2500:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2380:
2372:
2356:
2349:
2335:
2334:
2286:
2264:
2261:Alfonso XIII
2260:
2241:
2222:
2203:
2181:
2160:Warship 2012
2159:
2138:
2117:
2096:
2084:
2072:
2060:
2048:
2036:
2024:
2012:
2000:. Retrieved
1995:
1983:
1971:
1959:
1928:
1916:
1889:
1877:
1865:
1853:
1841:
1829:
1817:
1805:
1793:
1781:
1769:
1757:
1745:
1733:
1721:
1709:
1682:
1670:
1658:
1631:
1616:
1608:
1600:
1577:
1565:
1563:
1553:
1549:
1528:
1512:
1510:
1488:
1476:Adriatic Sea
1471:
1466:
1452:
1429:
1420:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1358:
1333:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1296:
1280:1 July 1907
1263:
1240:
1233:Commissioned
1196:
1189:
1181:
1176:
1168:
1165:rangefinders
1159:
1150:
1141:
1129:
1121:
1086:
1065:
1060:fighting top
1045:
1040:wing turrets
1033:
1027:
1023:
1019:rate of fire
1006:
1004:
998:
990:
970:
966:
952:
948:main battery
935:
931:
912:boiler rooms
907:
900:
890:
850:
828:
824:
812:
808:
807:
796:
791:
783:
779:
768:long overall
757:
751:
735:, rendering
727:
721:
717:
713:
707:
702:
696:
691:
689:
672:
666:
647:through the
645:
639:
602:
593:
570:
566:
565:
551:
543:
539:
531:
523:
519:
507:
499:
492:Adriatic Sea
489:
483:
443:commissioned
437:
433:
416:
412:
406:
392:
382:
368:
367:
365:
156:Displacement
100:
88:
58:
42:
26:
2737:Charlemagne
2673:battleships
2670:Dreadnought
2493:Charlemagne
1595:during the
1570:French Army
1546:Dardanelles
1462:troop ships
1432:World War I
1412:World War I
1406:July Crisis
1137:gun shields
1077:naval mines
803:Bilge keels
728:Dreadnought
657:gun turrets
609:metric tons
466:French Army
451:World War I
438:Dreadnought
425:gun turrets
398:French Navy
378:battleships
275:32 officers
161:metric tons
84:Preceded by
78:French Navy
3341:Categories
3228:Amphitrite
3128:Submarines
3110:Aventurier
3026:Pertuisane
3003:Destroyers
2751:République
2515:République
2350:République
2336:République
2110:References
1615:in Italy.
1609:République
1601:République
1566:République
1529:République
1398:République
1388:République
1384:République
1365:République
1342:Golfe-Juan
1310:République
1297:République
1241:République
1197:République
1190:République
1133:mild steel
1024:République
1007:République
991:République
967:République
942:; two 500-
932:République
901:République
841:charthouse
825:République
817:forecastle
809:République
784:République
780:République
752:République
733:Royal Navy
718:République
714:République
649:Suez Canal
605:displacing
598:belt armor
567:République
544:République
532:République
520:République
508:République
459:troop ship
447:Royal Navy
413:République
383:République
369:République
270:Complement
225:Propulsion
59:République
3325:Cancelled
3186:Archimède
3151:Argonaute
3061:Voltigeur
3047:Branlebas
3033:Arquebuse
2965:D'Estrées
2930:Descartes
2696:Normandie
2623:Cancelled
2600:Richelieu
2593:Dunkerque
2566:Normandie
2128:496786828
1624:Footnotes
1607:in June,
1585:influenza
1487:SMS
1467:Jean Bart
1451:SMS
1436:mobilized
1223:Laid down
1167:, though
1125:cofferdam
920:amidships
887:Machinery
788:full load
776:waterline
726:HMS
677:casemates
613:long tons
548:broken up
482:SMS
445:into the
441:had been
436:HMS
429:casemates
388:lead ship
165:long tons
125:Completed
120:1907–1936
112:1901–1907
66:Operators
3263:Lagrange
3214:Clorinde
3193:Mariotte
3179:Brumaire
3172:Pluviôse
3158:Émeraude
3144:Aigrette
3075:Bouclier
3068:Chasseur
3040:Claymore
3012:Durandal
2785:Henri IV
2689:Bretagne
2559:Bretagne
2202:(1995).
2180:(2011).
1846:Friedman
1822:Friedman
1702:Campbell
1544:off the
1352:for the
1299:underway
1228:Launched
1219:Builder
1117:barbette
1105:bulkhead
982:Armament
865:dinghies
857:pinnaces
853:flagship
821:mainmast
611:(13,400
575:reaction
335:Primary
285:Armament
163:(14,640
133:Scrapped
3277:O'Byrne
3256:Joessel
3235:Bellone
2951:Guichen
2937:D'Assas
2840:Dupleix
2833:Gueydon
2819:Pothuau
2758:Liberté
2744:Suffren
2682:Courbet
2552:Courbet
2523:Liberté
2508:Suffren
2479:Masséna
2451:Brennus
2381:Liberté
2373:Suffren
2053:Caresse
2041:Halpern
2002:13 July
1786:Brassey
1517:Ottoman
1498:U-boats
1472:Courbet
1458:Algiers
1393:Liberté
1287:History
1177:Courbet
1089:strakes
1073:warhead
999:Liberté
916:funnels
869:whalers
861:cutters
708:Liberté
642:in 1906
607:13,600
583:Admiral
577:to the
496:U-boats
462:convoys
407:Liberté
337:turrets
210:17,500
159:14,870
101:Liberté
89:Suffren
3297:Foudre
3270:Armide
3137:Sirène
3082:Bisson
3019:Framée
2923:Linois
2916:Friant
2909:Troude
2902:Forbin
2847:Gloire
2765:Danton
2730:Bouvet
2607:Alsace
2531:Danton
2486:Bouvet
2465:Carnot
2357:Patrie
2293:
2271:
2248:
2229:
2210:
2188:
2166:
2147:
2126:
1617:Patrie
1578:Patrie
1550:Goeben
1542:Mudros
1533:Greece
1513:Patrie
1453:Goeben
1425:Toulon
1421:Patrie
1380:Patrie
1373:Patrie
1369:Patrie
1359:Danton
1338:Toulon
1334:Patrie
1314:Patrie
1264:Patrie
1182:Patrie
1169:Patrie
1028:Patrie
971:Patrie
936:Patrie
924:bronze
908:Patrie
871:, and
845:bridge
839:. The
829:Patrie
813:Patrie
797:Gloire
792:Patrie
790:, and
722:Patrie
692:Patrie
683:, the
571:Patrie
562:Design
552:Patrie
540:Patrie
528:Mudros
524:Patrie
516:German
500:Patrie
417:Patrie
393:Patrie
390:, and
386:, the
351:Upper
261:8,400
172:Length
75:
43:Patrie
3249:Diane
3165:Circé
3117:Arabe
3054:Spahi
2533:class
2525:class
2517:class
2495:class
2383:class
1992:(PDF)
1581:'
1560:Fates
1506:Malta
1502:Corfu
1489:Zenta
1216:Name
1206:Ships
1200:'
1193:'
1101:stern
1083:Armor
994:'
963:knots
928:screw
904:'
873:punts
710:class
653:draft
556:scrap
484:Zenta
468:from
409:class
371:class
324:Armor
302:13 ×
296:18 ×
258:Range
251:knots
246:Speed
204:24 ×
191:Draft
109:Built
103:class
61:class
2703:Lyon
2573:Lyon
2501:Iéna
2291:ISBN
2269:ISBN
2246:ISBN
2227:ISBN
2208:ISBN
2186:ISBN
2164:ISBN
2145:ISBN
2124:OCLC
2004:2012
1636:Ropp
1504:and
1470:and
1367:and
1344:and
1312:and
1154:heel
1113:stem
1109:teak
1099:and
1026:and
881:buff
827:and
811:and
772:beam
720:and
625:deck
621:hull
522:and
415:and
366:The
353:deck
330:Belt
308:8 ×
290:4 ×
236:3 ×
230:3 ×
183:Beam
146:Type
55:Name
3103:M89
1591:in
1442:to
1097:bow
1091:of
959:ihp
944:amp
249:18
216:ihp
177:loa
3343::
1994:.
1940:^
1901:^
1694:^
1643:^
1576:.
899:.
867:,
863:,
859:,
823:.
651:,
487:.
411:.
3322:X
3316:C
3310:S
2656:e
2649:t
2642:v
2620:X
2426:e
2419:t
2412:v
2327:e
2320:t
2313:v
2299:.
2277:.
2254:.
2235:.
2216:.
2194:.
2172:.
2153:.
2130:.
2006:.
380:—
218:)
167:)
136:2
128:2
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
