495:Æft Wǣmōð/Wāmōð stąnda rūnaʀ þāʀ. Æn Warinn fāði, faðiʀ, æft fæigjąn sunu. Sagum mōgminni/ungmænni þat, hwærjaʀ walrauƀaʀ wāʀin twāʀ þāʀ, swāð twalf sinnum wāʀin numnaʀ at walrauƀu, bāðaʀ sąmąn ą̄ ȳmissum mąnnum. Þat sagum ąnnart, hwaʀ for nīu aldum ą̄n urði fiaru meðr Hræiðgutum, auk dō meðr/dœmiʀ hann/enn umb sakaʀ. Rēð Þiaurikʀ hinn þurmōði, stilliʀ flutna, strąndu Hræiðmaraʀ. Sitiʀ nū garwʀ ą̄ guta sīnum, skialdi umb fatlaðʀ, skati Mǣringa. Þat sagum twalfta, hwar hæstʀ sē Gunnaʀ etu wēttwąngi ą̄, kunungaʀ twæiʀ tigiʀ swāð ą̄ liggia. Þat sagum þrēttaunda, hwariʀ twæiʀ tigiʀ kunungaʀ sātin at Siolundi fiagura wintur at fiagurum naƀnum, burniʀ fiagurum brø̄ðrum. Walkaʀ fimm, Rāðulfs syniʀ, Hræiðulfaʀ fimm, Rugulfs syniʀ, Hāislaʀ fimm, Hāruðs syniʀ, Gunnmundaʀ/Kynmundaʀ fimm, Biarnaʀ syniʀ. Nū 'k m m allu gi. Æinhwaʀʀ ... ð ... æftiʀ frā. Sagum mōgminni/ungmænni þat, hwaʀ Inguldinga wāʀi guldinn at kwą̄naʀ hūsli. Sagum mōgminni/ungmænni, hwæim sē burinn niðʀ dræ̨ngi. Wilinn es þat. Knūą/knyią knātti iatun. Wilinn es þat ... Sagum mōgminni/ungmænni: Þōrr. Sibbi wīawæri ōl nīrø̄ðʀ.
523:
hann/enn of sakar. Réð Þjórekr, hinn þormóði stillir flotna, strǫndu Hreiðmarar. Sitr nú gǫrr á gota sínum, skildi of fatlaðr, skati Mæringa. Þat sǫgum tolfta, hvar hestr sé Gunnar etu véttvangi á, konungar tveir tigir svát á liggja. Þat sǫgum þrettánda, hverir tveir tigir konungar sæti at Sjólundi fjóra vetr at fjórum nǫfnum, bornir fjórum brœðrum. Valkar fimm, Ráðulfs synir, Hreiðulfar fimm, Rugulfs synir, Háislar fimm, Hǫrðs synir, Gunnmundar/Kynmundar fimm, Bjarnar synir. Nú'k m m ǫllu gi. Einhverr ... t ... eptir frá. Sǫgum múgminni/ungmenni þat, hvar
Ingoldinga væri goldinn at kvánar húsli. Sǫgum múgminni/ungmenni, hveim sé borinn niðr drengi. Vilinn er þat. Knúa/knýja knátti jǫtun. Vilinn er þat ... Sǫgum múgminni/ungmenni: Þórr. Sibbi véaveri ól nírœðr.
977:, the first to bring Christianity to Sweden, and the wife of Varinn's son Vémóðr/Vámóðr was baptized by him. Therefore, Varinn was forced to sacrifice his own son to the gods as indicated in the verse: "I say the folktale / to the young men, which of the line of Ingold was repaid by a wife's sacrifice" (the word "husl" can be interpreted both "sacrifice" and "baptism"). Shortly: Vémóðr/Vámóðr paid with his life for his wife's betrayal to the gods and Varinn had to kill his own son. That might also be the reason that Varinn used the word "faigian" (who is soon to die) instead of "dauðan" (dead) in the first line.
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433:þat sakum tualfta huar histʀ si ku¶naʀ itu| |uituąki ąn kunukaʀ tuaiʀ tikiʀ sua¶þ ą likia ᛭ þat sakum þritaunta huariʀ t¶uaiʀ tikiʀ kunukaʀ satin t siulunti fia¶kura uintur at fiakurum nabnum burn¶ʀ fiakurum bruþrum ᛭ ualkaʀ fim ra=þulfs| |su¶niʀ hraiþulfaʀ fim rukulfs| |suniʀ hąislaʀ fim haruþ¶s suniʀ kunmuntaʀ fim (b)irnaʀ suniʀ ¶ ᛭ nuk m--- -- alu -- ainhuaʀ -þ... ...þ ... ftiʀ fra ¶
288:
708:
392:ᚦᛆᛐᛌᛆᚴᚢᛘᛐᚢᛆᛚᚠᛐᛆᚽᚢᛆᚱᚽᛁᛌᛐᛧᛌᛁᚴᚢ ¶ ᚿᛆᛧᛁᛐᚢᛁᛐᚢᚭᚴᛁᚭᚿᚴᚢᚿᚢᚴᛆᛧᛐᚢᛆᛁᛧᛐᛁᚴᛁᛧᛌᚢᛆ ¶ ᚦᚭᛚᛁᚴᛁᛆ ᛭ ᚦᛆᛐᛌᛆᚴᚢᛘᚦᚱᛁᛐᛆᚢᚿᛐᛆᚽᚢᛆᚱᛁᛧᛐ ¶ ᚢᛆᛁᛧᛐᛁᚴᛁᛧᚴᚢᚿᚢᚴᛆᛧᛌᛆᛐᛁᚿᛐᛌᛁᚢᛚᚢᚿᛐᛁᚠᛁᛆ ¶ ᚴᚢᚱᛆᚢᛁᚿᛐᚢᚱᛆᛐᚠᛁᛆᚴᚢᚱᚢᛘᚿᛆᛓᚿᚢᛘᛓᚢᚱᚿ ¶ ᛧᚠᛁᛆᚴᚢᚱᚢᛘᛓᚱᚢᚦᚱᚢᛘ ᛭ ᚢᛆᛚᚴᛆᛧᚠᛁᛘᚱᛆ=ᚦᚢᛚᚠᛌᚢ ¶ ᚿᛁᛧᚽᚱᛆᛁᚦᚢᛚᚠᛆᛧᚠᛁᛘᚱᚢᚴᚢᛚᚠᛌᚢᚿᛁᛧᚽᚭᛁᛌᛚᛆᛧᚠᛁᛘᚽᛆᚱᚢᚦ ¶ ᛌᛌᚢᚿᛁᛧᚴᚢᚿᛘᚢᚿᛐᛆᛧᚠᛁᛘ(ᛓ)ᛁᚱᚿᛆᛧᛌᚢᚿᛁᛧ ¶ ᚿᚢᚴᛘ---(ᛘ)-- ᛆᛚᚢ --(ᚴ)(ᛁ)ᛆᛁᚿᚽᚢᛆᛧ-ᚦ... ...ᚦ... × ᚠᛐᛁᛧᚠᚱᛆ ¶
542:
296:
stone was probably carved in the early 9th century, judging from the main runic alphabet used ("short-twig" runes) and the form of the language. It is covered with runes on five sides except the base which was to be put under ground. A few parts of the inscription are damaged, but most of it remains legible.
853:
The story about the twenty kings says that the twenty were four groups of five brothers each, and in each of these four groups, all brothers shared the same names, and their fathers were four brothers (4 × 5 = 20). This piece of mythology seems to have been common knowledge at the time, but has been
833:
poem from the 10th century, Theodoric ruled the "castle of the Mærings" (Ravenna) for thirty years. The words about
Theodoric may be connected to the previous statement, so the stone is talking about the death of Theodoric: he died approximately nine generations before the stone was carved, and the
295:
The 5 long tons (5.1 t), 8 feet (2.4 m) tall stone was discovered built into the wall of a church in the 19th century and removed from the church wall a few decades later. The church was built in the 12th century, and it was common to use rune stones as building material for churches. The
911:
Although much in the inscription is difficult to understand, its structure is very symmetrical and easy to perceive: it consists of three parts of (roughly) equal length, each containing two questions and one more or less poetic answer to those questions. As Lars Lönnroth and, after him, Joseph
907:
In the last line, the carver invokes the god Thor and then he says that Sibbi "of the shrine" got a son at the age of ninety. Since Thor is evoked before telling about Sibbi's connection with the sanctuary and his potency at old age, it may be a recommendation that being a devout worshipper is
522:
Ept Vémóð/Vámóð standa rúnar þær. En Varinn fáði, faðir, ept feigjan son. Sǫgum múgminni/ungmenni þat, hverjar valraufar væri tvær þær, svát tolf sinnum væri numnar at valraufu, báðar saman á ýmissum mǫnnum. Þat sǫgum annat, hverr fyrir níu ǫldum án yrði fjǫr með Hreiðgotum, auk dó meðr/dœmir
422:
aft uamuþ stąnta runaʀ þaʀ ᛭ ¶ n uarin faþi faþiʀ aft faikiąn sunu ¶ sakum| |mukmini þat huariaʀ ualraubaʀ uaʀin tuaʀ ¶ þaʀ suaþ tualf sinum uaʀin| |numnaʀ t ualraubu ¶ baþaʀ sąmąn ą umisum| |mąnum · þat sakum ąna¶rt huaʀ fur niu altum ąn urþi fiaru ¶ miʀ hraiþkutum auk tu ¶ miʀ ąn ub sakaʀ
386:ᛆᚠᛏᚢᛆᛘᚢᚦᛌᛏᚭᚿᛏᛆᚱᚢᚿᛆᛧᚦᛆᛧ ᛭ ¶ ᚿᚢᛆᚱᛁᚿᚠᛆᚦᛁᚠᛆᚦᛁᛧᛆᚠᛐᚠᛆᛁᚴᛁᚭᚿᛌᚢᚿᚢ ¶ ᛌᛆᚴᚢᛘᚢᚴᛘᛁᚿᛁᚦᛆᛐᚽᚢᛆᚱᛁᛆᛧᚢᛆᛚᚱᛆᚢᛓᛆᛧᚢᛆᛧᛁᚿᛐᚢᛆᛧ ¶ ᚦᛆᛧᛌᚢᛆᚦᛐᚢᛆᛚᚠᛌᛁᚿᚢᛘᚢᛆᛧᛁᚿᚢᛘᚿᛆᛧᛐᚢᛆᛚᚱᛆᚢᛓᚢ ¶ ᛓᛆᚦᛆᛧᛌᚭᛘᚭᚿᚭᚢᛘᛁᛌᚢᛘᚭᚿᚢᛘ ᛫ ᚦᛆᛐᛌᛆᚴᚢᛘᚭᚿᛆ ¶ ᚱᛐᚽᚢᛆᛧᚠᚢᚱᚿᛁᚢᛆᛚᛐᚢᛘᚭᚿᚢᚱᚦᛁᚠᛁᛆᚱᚢ ¶ ᛘᛁᛧᚽᚱᛆᛁᚦᚴᚢᛐᚢᛘᛆᚢᚴᛐᚢ ¶ ᛘᛁᛧᚭᚿᚢᛓᛌᛆᚴᛆᛧ ¶
932:
is referenced; this use of a deity in this context is quite conceivably a prefiguration of what was to later become a common practice (anterior to
Christianity), where graves were frequently inscribed with runic dedications such as
1390:
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The stone was a sign to strengthen the position of the tribe leader (since the stone could not be missed by anybody passing the land). He tries to justify his position by showing a long line of powerful ancestors which he
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The following is the "standard" translation of the text provided by
Rundata; most researchers agree on how the runes have been deciphered, but the interpretation of the text and the meaning are still a subject of debate.
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955:(clan), and this retelling task was to be passed on to his son. Perhaps he feared that the stories could be lost because of the death of his son, and therefore he tried to preserve them in a short form in the stone.
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In 2015, it was proposed that the inscription has nothing at all to do with the recording of heroic sagas and that it contains riddles which refer only to the making of the stone itself.
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Gustafson, Alrik, Svenska litteraturens historia, 2 volums (Stockholm, 1963). First published as A History of
Swedish Literature (American-Scandinavian Foundation, 1961). Chapter 1.
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poetry, and demonstrating the carver's command of different alphabets and writing styles (including code). The obscurity may perhaps even be part of a magic ritual.
326:. It contains the longest extant pre-Christian runic inscription – around 760 characters – and it is a virtuoso display of the carver's mastery of runic expression.
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Varinn carved the stone to raise his tribe to vengeance over the death of his son. The dramatic battle mentioned may have been the cause of his son's death. (
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The two war-booties are likely to be two precious weapons, such as a sword and a shield or a helmet. Several stories like these exist in old
Germanic poems.
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Harris have argued, the form is very similar to the so-called "greppaminni", a sort of poetic riddle game presented by Snorri
Sturluson in his Prose Edda.
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893:. It has been assumed that this is intentional, and that the rows following this point concern legends connected specifically to Varinn and his tribe.
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823:. This statue was very famous and portrayed Theodoric with his shield hanging across his left shoulder, and his lance extended in his right hand. The
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I say the folktale / to the young men, which the two war-booties were, which twelve times were taken as war-booty, both together from various men.
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Eastern Sea, referred is unknown. The part about
Theodoric (who died in 526 A.D.) probably concerns the statue of him sitting on his horse in
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Old Norse
Religion in Long Term Perspectives: Origins, Changes and Interactions, an International Conference in Lund, Sweden, June 3-7, 2004
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I say the folktale / to the young men, to whom is born a relative, to a valiant man. It is Vélinn. He could crush a giant. It is Vélinn …
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raiþ| |þiaurikʀ hin þurmuþi stiliʀ ¶ flutna strąntu hraiþmaraʀ sitiʀ nu karuʀ ą ¶ kuta sinum skialti ub fatlaþʀ skati marika ¶
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881:-part, the text becomes increasingly hard to read. While the first part is written in the 16 common short-twig runes in the
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Lönnroth, Lars: "The
Riddles of the Rök-Stone: A Structural Approach", Arkiv för nordisk filologi 92 (1977), reprinted in
1004:) with its documented red skies, the exceptionally cold summer of 775 CE which affected crop yields, and the almost total
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Varinn carved the stone only to honour his lost son and the inclusion of mythical passages was a tribute from fantasy (
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This I say as thirteenth, which twenty kings sat on Sjólund for four winters, of four names, born of four brothers:
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I say this second, who nine generations ago lost his life with the Hreidgoths; and died with them for his guilt.
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791:, the people and mythological creatures mentioned are unknown to us. Some interpretations have been suggested:
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846:(previously known from Norse mythology), and her "horse" is a wolf. This kind of poetic license is known as
389:ᚱᛆᛁᚦᛁᛆᚢᚱᛁᚴᛧᚽᛁᚿᚦᚢᚱᛘᚢᚦᛁᛌᛐᛁᛚᛁᛧ ¶ ᚠᛚᚢᛐᚿᛆᛌᛐᚱᚭᚿᛐᚢᚽᚱᛆᛁᚦᛘᛆᚱᛆᛧᛌᛁᛐᛁᛧᚿᚢᚴᛆᚱᚢᛧᚭ ¶ ᚴᚢᛐᛆᛌᛁᚿᚢᛘᛌᚴᛁᛆᛚᛐᛁᚢᛓᚠᛆᛐᛚᛆᚦᛧᛌᚴᛆᛐᛁᛘᛆᚱᛁᚴᛆ ¶
596:§C I say this the twelfth, where the horse of Gunnr sees fodder on the battlefield, where twenty kings lie.
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1282:[Answers to the Rök runestone riddles: A social semiotic study of meaning-making and spatiality].
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The stone is unique in a number of ways. It contains a fragment of what is believed to be a lost piece of
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sakum| |mukmini uaim si burin| |niþ¶ʀ trąki uilin is þat ᛭ knuą knat¶i| |iatun uilin is þat ᛭ (n)(i)(t) ¶
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church considered him a cruel and godless emperor, thus some may have said that he died for his guilt.
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In memory of Vámóðr stand these runes. And Varinn coloured them, the father, in memory of his dead son.
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released in 2010 the song "Vämods Tale". The translation of the Rök runestone forms the song's lyrics.
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There have been numerous theories proposed about the purpose of the stone. The most common include:
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I say the folktale / to the young men, which of the line of Ingold was repaid by a wife's sacrifice.
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303:: the stone is named after the village, "Rök", but the village is probably named after the stone, "
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The Theodoric strophe is written in three rows in the stone with a version of the younger futhark.
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The front of the stone. The beginning of the inscription is read by tilting your head to the left
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The battlefield where twenty kings lie has been connected (at least by Herman Lindkvist) to the
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1280:"Svaren på Rökstenens gåtor : En socialsemiotisk analys av meningsskapande och rumslighet"
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928:'s theory). There is strong evidence to support this view, not the least being the fact that
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1394:, edited by Jeffrey Turco, 321–344. Islandica 58. Ithaca: Cornell University Library, 2015.
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The stone is housed under a roof and is located near the church in which it was discovered.
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Andren, A. Jennbert, K. Raudvere, C. "Old Norse Religion: Some Problems and Prospects" in
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in 810 CE, which gave the impression that the sun was extinguished shortly after dawn.
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original as possible. Ciphers are within brackets, with the resolution following the
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Varinn carved the stone to preserve the tribal myths, as he had the function of a
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1302:"New Interpretation of the Rök Runestone Inscription Changes View of Viking Age"
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New Norse Studies: Essays on the Literature and Culture of Medieval Scandinavia
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of the runes, with ciphers resolved and spaces added between word boundaries:
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2139:
1588:
1433:" by William P. Reaves, The Runestone Journal 1, Asatru Folk Assembly, 2007.
1228:
1118:
628:
47:
34:
17:
3596:
3474:
3279:
3247:
3157:
3112:
3012:
2861:
2846:
2587:
2450:
2069:
2019:
2014:
1934:
1405:
1395:
1187:
514:
510:
472:
468:
319:
308:
236:
3479:
3152:
2841:
2734:
2242:
2232:
2202:
2179:
1751:
1638:
1532:
1426:
3524:
3509:
3459:
3444:
3337:
3107:
2992:
2957:
2922:
2836:
2751:
2709:
2612:
2582:
2562:
2482:
2217:
2154:
2134:
2129:
2054:
2049:
1984:
1866:
1786:
1781:
1726:
1711:
1623:
1593:
1578:
1568:
1453:
Sveriges litteratur. Del 1. Medeltidens och reformationstidens litteratur
1430:
1263:
859:
843:
155:
1438:
4112:
4107:
3469:
3317:
3057:
2977:
2947:
2892:
2810:
2687:
2567:
2557:
2423:
2418:
2237:
2207:
1909:
1904:
1861:
1721:
1678:
1658:
1613:
1573:
1545:
1242:
Holmberg, Per; Gräslund, Bo; Sundqvist, Olof; Williams, Henrik (2020).
1220:
1137:
1053:
847:
812:
338:
232:
162:
3902:
2917:
2882:
2592:
2502:
2492:
2445:
2287:
2227:
1939:
1876:
1839:
1791:
1706:
974:
816:
256:
145:
3313:
Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe
2428:
2272:
2074:
1821:
1816:
1756:
1648:
736:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
541:
244:
133:
3514:
3504:
3464:
3454:
3449:
3372:
2897:
2724:
2669:
2577:
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2455:
2408:
2292:
2277:
2174:
2124:
2114:
2094:
2079:
2064:
2059:
2024:
1974:
1924:
1871:
1854:
1844:
1831:
1776:
1761:
1701:
1696:
1618:
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1558:
948:
871:
781:
763:
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527:
352:
342:
286:
274:
3936:
3439:
3418:
3252:
3225:
2682:
2677:
2413:
2262:
2184:
2099:
1741:
1731:
1653:
1643:
1633:
1608:
1141:, Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University, 2020
929:
829:
788:
438:
sᴀgwm| |mogmenï (þ)ᴀd hoᴀʀ igold¶gᴀ oᴀʀï goldin d goąnᴀʀ hoslï ¶
304:
3569:
1474:
904:. This word remains uninterpreted, and its meaning is unclear.
827:
is a name for Theodoric's family. According to the old English
2460:
1771:
1691:
1021:
A transcription of the runes feature on the cover of the 1990
992:) hypothesize that the inscription alludes to climate crisis,
701:
337:. The inscription is intentionally challenging to read, using
243:
inscription in stone. It can now be seen beside the church in
3565:
842:
whose "horse sees fodder on the battlefield" is presumably a
1420:
The Academy of Odin: Selected Papers on Old Norse Literature
1213:
Vårt nordiska arv. Från 10.000 f.Kr. till medeltidens början
654:
1400:
Harris, Joseph: "Myth and Meaning in the Rök Inscription",
1105:
Weiss, Daniel (July–August 2020). "The Emperor of Stones".
1444:
Schück, Henrik: "Bidrag till tolkningen af Rökstenen" in
2363:
people, clan, and place names in Germanic heroic legend
885:, Varinn here switches over to using the older 24-type
725:
322:
king (effectively emperor of the western Roman empire)
680:
A reading of the Theodoric strophe from the Rök stone.
1186:(in Swedish). Forskning och Framsteg. Archived from
395:ᛋᛃᚷᚹᛗᛟᚷᛗᛖᚿᛇᛃᛞᚺᛟᛃᛦᛇᚷᛟᛚᛞ ¶ ᚷᛃᛟᛃᛦᛇᚷᛟᛚᛞᛁᚿᛞᚷᛟᚭᚿᛃᛦᚺᛟᛋᛚᛇ ¶
283:
A reading of the Rök stone's text in Old East Norse.
4095:
4083:
4059:
3921:
3827:
3780:
3672:
3635:
3603:
3537:
3427:
3386:
3305:
3298:
3208:
3170:
2875:
2824:
2783:
2774:
2381:
2303:
2193:
1895:
1830:
1677:
1544:
1521:
1388:Harris, Joseph. "The Rök Inscription, Line 20." In
807:, appearing in other sources. To what sea the name
307:" or "Rök" meaning "skittle-shaped stack/stone" in
207:
192:
182:
172:
161:
151:
129:
115:
107:
97:
89:
81:
64:
333:in two ways; by displacement and by using special
484:, and the part about Theoderic is written in the
3604:Western route and unspecified expeditions abroad
1345:Der Runenstein von Rök in Östergötland, Schweden
634:§E Sibbi of Vé, §C nonagenarian, begot (a son).
1284:Futhark: International Journal of Runic Studies
1251:Futhark: International Journal of Runic Studies
398:¶ ᛧᛐᚱᚭᚴᛁᚢᛁᛚᛁᚿᛁᛌᚦᛆᛐ ᛭ ¶ ᛁᛆᛐᚢᚿᚢᛁᛚᛁᚿᛁᛌᚦᛆᛐ ᛭ ¶
1215:. Stockholm: Stureförlaget. pp. 228–229.
1084:, Lönnroth, in Lönnroth, Göransson, Delblanc,
374:transliteration of the runes, as close to the
259:. It is considered the first piece of written
3581:
1486:
8:
1244:"The Rök Runestone and the End of the World"
76:The stone under its protection roof in 2020.
3215:
1515:Mythological Norse people, items and places
980:Researchers at three Swedish universities (
3915:Uppland Rune Inscriptions 101, 143 and 147
3588:
3574:
3566:
3302:
2780:
1541:
1493:
1479:
1471:
627:§D I say the folktale / to the young men:
532:Reading directions for the 28 rows of text
318:. It also makes a historical reference to
70:
61:
4113:Runic inscriptions online interactive map
2313:List of figures in Germanic heroic legend
1406:https://dx.doi.org/10.1484/J.VMS.2.302020
1396:http://cip.cornell.edu/cul.isl/1458045719
1262:
969:According to a hypothesis put forward by
752:Learn how and when to remove this message
614:five Gunnmundrs/Kynmundrs, sons of Bjǫrn.
509:of the runes in the classic 13th century
4145:19th-century archaeological discoveries
4120:Runic transliteration and transcription
1451:Ståhle, Carl Ivar and Tigerstedt, E N:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1065:
772:sitting by the runestone (19th century)
299:The name "Rök Stone" is something of a
263:and thus it marks the beginning of the
687:
618:Now I say the tales in full. Someone …
1415:, Stockholm 1963, 3rd edition in 1984
951:, the ceremonial story-teller of his
866:but it has often been interpreted as
513:(Norwegian and Icelandic) dialect of
7:
1363:: "Runeinnskriften på Rökstenen" in
803:mentioned are a poetic name for the
2373:named weapons, armour and treasures
874:lay, (nowadays a part of Denmark).
850:in the old Norse poetry tradition.
3550:Heathenry (new religious movement)
1429:, Stockholm, 1892; translated as "
467:of the runes in early 9th century
25:
998:extreme weather events of 535–536
815:, which was moved in 801 A.D. to
606:five Hreiðulfrs, sons of Rugulfr,
2213:Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri
1138:Scandinavian Runic-text Database
858:is similar to the name given to
706:
688:Problems playing this file? See
670:
471:(Swedish and Danish) dialect of
448:ul ¶ ni¶ruþʀ ¶ sibi ¶ uia¶uari ¶
357:The back of the stone. Note the
1431:The Heroic Saga on the Rökstone
1402:Viking and Medieval Scandinavia
1376:Swedish National Heritage Board
475:. The first part is written in
2650:Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán
1446:Uppsala Universitets årsskrift
239:, featuring the longest known
1:
602:five Valkis, sons of Ráðulfr,
401:¶ ¶ ᚦᛧ ¶ ᛓᛁ ¶ ᛆ ¶ ᚱᛁ ¶
329:The inscription is partially
265:history of Swedish literature
3911:Hargs bro runic inscriptions
1327:"Tyr – Black Sabbath Online"
501:Old West Norse transcription
459:Old East Norse transcription
235:) is one of the most famous
2720:Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr
732:the claims made and adding
341:in the manner of Old Norse
4186:
4165:Runestones in Östergötland
3627:Gunnar's bridge runestones
3387:Festivals and holy periods
1427:Om Hjältesagan å Rökstenen
1133:"Runic inscription Ög 136"
1034:Swedish Viking metal band
610:five Háisl, sons of Hǫrðr,
592:the prince of the Mærings.
3898:Snottsta and Vreta stones
2655:Nine Mothers of Heimdallr
2368:named animals and plants
1512:
1404:, 2 (2006), 45-109, DOI:
1164:. Nordic Academic Press.
937:, "may Thor protect you".
212:
199:
69:
4140:9th-century inscriptions
2476:Black elves (Svartálfar)
1460:Runstenen vid Röks kyrka
1306:University of Gothenburg
1086:Den svenska litteraturen
982:University of Gothenburg
3358:Sacred trees and groves
2598:Hamskerpir and Garðrofa
2471:Light elves (Ljósálfar)
1413:Runinskrifter i Sverige
1002:774–775 carbon-14 spike
3649:Baltic area runestones
3216:
2466:Dark elves (Dökkálfar)
2115:Narfi (father of Nott)
1278:Holmberg, Per (2015).
1184:"Rökstenens hemlighet"
773:
659:
649:
637:
584:§B his Goth(ic horse),
568:chief of sea-warriors,
546:
533:
526:
498:
456:
406:
362:
292:
284:
228:
4170:Scandinavian folklore
4067:Jarlabanke Runestones
3786:Battle of Fýrisvellir
3622:Hakon Jarl runestones
2608:Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi
1887:Sister-wife of Njörðr
767:
658:
647:
572:ruled over the shores
552:
544:
531:
519:
492:
419:
409:Latin transliteration
384:
356:
290:
282:
48:58.29500°N 14.77556°E
3907:Broby bro Runestones
3890:Färentuna Runestones
3799:Hällestad Runestones
3643:Varangian runestones
3378:Wetlands and islands
2498:Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn
1264:10.33063/diva-401040
1082:Forntid och medeltid
990:Stockholm University
588:his shield strapped,
580:Now he sits armed on
453:akum| |mukmini ¶ þur
361:runes at the bottom.
249:Ödeshög Municipality
138:Ödeshög Municipality
4150:Medieval literature
4060:Runestone monuments
2660:Narfi (son of Loki)
1807:Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr
1411:Jansson, Sven B F:
1378:), Uddevalla 2000,
1370:Gustavson, Helmer:
964:Battle of Brávellir
870:where the Iron Age
666:'Theodoric Strophe'
324:Theodoric the Great
44: /
4103:List of runestones
4071:Hunnestad Monument
3928:Old Norse religion
3617:England runestones
3306:Religious practice
3280:Old Norse language
2747:Váli (son of Loki)
2635:Líf and Lífthrasir
2543:Árvakr and Alsviðr
2538:Horses of the Æsir
2518:Hati Hróðvitnisson
1659:Váli (son of Odin)
1502:Old Norse religion
1462:, Stockholm, 1958.
1455:, Stockholm, 1968.
1049:List of runestones
1016:In popular culture
986:Uppsala University
877:Starting with the
854:totally lost. The
774:
717:possibly contains
660:
650:
564:Þjóðríkr the bold,
547:
534:
363:
293:
285:
261:Swedish literature
53:58.29500; 14.77556
4127:
4126:
3809:Karlevi Runestone
3664:Ingvar runestones
3654:Greece runestones
3611:Viking runestones
3563:
3562:
3555:Nordic Bronze Age
3545:Germanic paganism
3533:
3532:
3404:Germanic calendar
3368:Temple at Uppsala
3166:
3165:
2770:
2769:
2730:Þjálfi and Röskva
2674:Personifications
1537:and other figures
1425:Rydberg, Viktor:
1351:von Friesen, Otto
900:follows the word
762:
761:
754:
719:original research
675:
640:Theodoric Strophe
404:() ¶
376:scriptio continua
370:This is a direct
280:
217:
216:
16:(Redirected from
4177:
4160:Old Norse poetry
4051:Thorwald's Cross
3828:Viking Age women
3814:Egtved Runestone
3804:Sjörup Runestone
3659:Italy runestones
3590:
3583:
3576:
3567:
3303:
3221:
2988:Grove of fetters
2781:
2488:Fjalar (rooster)
2248:Fjalar and Galar
1542:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1472:
1347:, Stockholm 1910
1331:
1330:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1248:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1179:
1173:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1102:
1089:
1079:
1073:
1070:
996:, following the
942:Otto von Friesen
898:It is Vélinn ...
864:Snorri Sturluson
757:
750:
746:
743:
737:
734:inline citations
710:
709:
702:
677:
676:
657:
615:
611:
607:
603:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
576:of the Hreiðsea.
573:
569:
565:
281:
130:Present location
74:
62:
59:
58:
56:
55:
54:
49:
45:
42:
41:
40:
37:
21:
4185:
4184:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4155:Norse mythology
4130:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4115:
4091:
4079:
4055:
4024:
3992:Cursed stones:
3991:
3959:
3926:
3923:Norse mythology
3917:
3900:
3894:Hillersjö stone
3886:Gerlög and Inga
3883:
3823:
3794:Högby Runestone
3776:
3668:
3631:
3599:
3594:
3564:
3559:
3529:
3485:Norse cosmology
3423:
3382:
3294:
3290:Later influence
3204:
3162:
2876:Other locations
2871:
2820:
2766:
2693:Sumarr and Vetr
2377:
2299:
2189:
1990:Gjálp and Greip
1891:
1826:
1673:
1538:
1536:
1527:
1517:
1508:
1499:
1469:
1458:Wessén, Elias:
1367:1983, Oslo 1983
1343:Bugge, Sophus:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1311:
1309:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1246:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1193:
1191:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1157:
1153:
1144:
1142:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1104:
1103:
1092:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1045:
1018:
918:
896:After the word
883:Younger Futhark
770:Hans Hildebrand
758:
747:
741:
738:
723:
711:
707:
700:
695:
694:
686:
684:
683:
682:
681:
678:
671:
668:
661:
655:
642:
636:
633:
632:
626:
625:
623:
622:
620:
619:
617:
616:
613:
612:
609:
608:
605:
604:
601:
600:
598:
597:
595:
594:
591:
590:
587:
586:
583:
582:
579:
578:
575:
574:
571:
570:
567:
566:
563:
562:
560:
559:
557:
556:
539:
503:
461:
415:transliteration
411:
368:
351:
316:Norse mythology
275:
273:
271:About the stone
120:
102:Younger Futhark
85:2.4 m (8 feet)
77:
52:
50:
46:
43:
38:
35:
33:
31:
30:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4183:
4181:
4173:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4132:
4131:
4125:
4124:
4117:
4116:
4110:
4105:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4085:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4075:Jelling stones
4063:
4061:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4053:
3932:
3930:
3919:
3918:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3790:
3788:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3676:
3674:
3673:Other journeys
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3570:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3309:
3307:
3300:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3250:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3236:
3222:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3180:Æsir–Vanir War
3176:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3018:Hoddmímis holt
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2852:Körmt and Örmt
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2787:
2785:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
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96:
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88:
84:
80:
73:
68:
65:Rök runestone
63:
60:
57:
19:
18:Rök Runestone
4118:
4030:
3884:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3195:Hjaðningavíg
2973:Glæsisvellir
2513:Gullinbursti
2160:Útgarða-Loki
1554:Almáttki áss
1459:
1452:
1445:
1419:
1412:
1401:
1389:
1371:
1364:
1354:
1344:
1321:
1310:. Retrieved
1308:. 2016-05-02
1296:
1287:
1283:
1273:
1254:
1250:
1237:
1212:
1203:
1192:. Retrieved
1188:the original
1177:
1159:
1154:
1145:December 19,
1143:, retrieved
1136:
1127:
1110:
1106:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1068:
1026:
994:Fimbulwinter
971:Åke Ohlmarks
934:
926:Elias Wessén
919:
910:
908:beneficial.
906:
901:
897:
895:
891:cipher runes
878:
876:
855:
852:
837:
836:
828:
824:
808:
798:
796:
793:
775:
748:
739:
716:
554:
548:
521:
520:
504:
494:
493:
487:fornyrðislag
485:
476:
462:
452:
451:
447:
446:
442:
441:
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436:
432:
431:
427:
426:
421:
420:
412:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
388:
385:
369:
335:cipher runes
328:
313:
298:
294:
253:Östergötland
220:
218:
213:See article.
142:Östergötland
123:Östergötland
119:19th century
29:
3782:Jomsvikings
3353:Reginnaglar
3285:Orthography
3258:Jómsvíkinga
3233:Poetic Edda
3146:Urðarbrunnr
3141:Mímisbrunnr
3073:Singasteinn
3003:Hindarfjall
2983:Gnipahellir
2963:Ginnungagap
2938:Fyrisvellir
2933:Fornsigtuna
2867:Vimur River
2857:Slidr River
2630:Jörmungandr
2040:Hrímgrímnir
1669:Vili and Vé
1113:(4): 9–10.
1107:Archaeology
821:Charlemagne
776:Apart from
742:August 2022
537:Translation
380:equals sign
349:Inscription
320:Ostrogothic
208:Translation
51: /
4134:Categories
3819:Aars stone
3597:Runestones
3520:Viking Age
3495:Philosophy
3363:Sonargöltr
3248:Runestones
3240:Prose Edda
3185:Fimbulvetr
3136:Hvergelmir
3103:Valaskjálf
3063:Sessrúmnir
3033:Jötunheimr
3008:Hlidskjalf
2998:Himinbjörg
2968:Glaðsheimr
2953:Gastropnir
2908:Bilskirnir
2888:Amsvartnir
2801:Gjallarbrú
2784:Underworld
2740:Landvættir
2640:Loddfáfnir
2618:Svaðilfari
2603:Hófvarpnir
2548:Blóðughófi
2528:Hildisvíni
2404:Aurvandill
2165:Vafþrúðnir
2150:Þrúðgelmir
2010:Harðgreipr
1312:2024-08-18
1221:B0000ED2SR
1194:2007-06-21
1060:References
944:'s theory)
805:Ostrogoths
800:Hreidgoths
726:improve it
690:media help
505:This is a
478:ljóðaháttr
463:This is a
413:This is a
237:runestones
184:Runemaster
116:Discovered
39:14°46′32″E
36:58°17′42″N
4096:Resources
3939:hallow":
3475:Mead hall
3409:Þorrablót
3263:Legendary
3158:Yggdrasil
3118:Víðbláinn
3113:Vanaheimr
3088:Þrymheimr
3083:Þrúðvangr
3078:Þrúðheimr
3048:Munarvágr
3038:Mímameiðr
3013:Hnitbjorg
2928:Fólkvangr
2913:Brávellir
2862:Vadgelmir
2847:Kerlaugar
2816:Niðafjöll
2776:Locations
2752:Valkyries
2700:Sæhrímnir
2588:Gulltoppr
2553:Falhófnir
2451:Einherjar
2434:Landdísir
2268:Mótsognir
2258:Hreiðmarr
2170:Víðblindi
2120:Sökkmímir
2110:Mögþrasir
2070:Hyrrokkin
2035:Hrímgerðr
2030:Hræsvelgr
2020:Helreginn
2015:Helblindi
1935:Bergelmir
1599:Ítreksjóð
1506:mythology
1372:Rökstenen
1355:Rökstenen
1290:: 65–106.
1229:186682264
1119:0003-8113
935:þórr vigi
786:Norse god
778:Theodoric
730:verifying
515:Old Norse
473:Old Norse
331:encrypted
309:Old Norse
301:tautology
229:Rökstenen
201:Old Norse
27:Runestone
3784:and the
3538:See also
3460:Hamingja
3414:Vetrnætr
3399:Dísablót
3394:Álfablót
3200:Ragnarök
3108:Valhalla
3098:Útgarðar
3043:Myrkviðr
3028:Járnviðr
3023:Iðavöllr
2943:Gálgviðr
2923:Fensalir
2832:Élivágar
2806:Náströnd
2796:Éljúðnir
2665:Níðhöggr
2613:Sleipnir
2583:Gullfaxi
2483:Fimafeng
2399:Auðumbla
2218:Billingr
2145:Þrívaldi
2130:Suttungr
2085:Járnsaxa
2055:Hrungnir
1985:Gillingr
1980:Geirröðr
1960:Fárbauti
1950:Býleistr
1915:Angrboða
1867:Gullveig
1579:Heimdall
1569:Dellingr
1257:: 7–38.
1211:(1979).
1088:, vol 1.
1043:See also
959:follows.
916:Theories
868:Sjælland
860:Roslagen
844:Valkyrie
809:Hreiðsea
784:and the
339:kennings
125:, Sweden
93:5.1 tons
4108:Rundata
4025:Other:
3490:Numbers
3470:Kenning
3343:Worship
3299:Society
3209:Sources
3128:Vingólf
3123:Vígríðr
3093:Uppsala
3058:Okolnir
2978:Glitnir
2948:Gandvik
2903:Bifröst
2893:Andlang
2811:Niflhel
2757:Völundr
2705:Skírnir
2645:Móðguðr
2441:Dragons
2424:Byggvir
2253:Gandalf
2238:Dvalinn
2208:Andvari
2045:Hrímnir
2000:Gunnlöð
1970:Fornjót
1965:Fjölvar
1945:Bölþorn
1920:Aurboða
1910:Alvaldi
1862:Gersemi
1679:Ásynjur
1584:Hermóðr
1574:Forseti
1524:Deities
1439:2987129
1338:Sources
1054:Rundata
856:Sjólund
848:kenning
825:Mærings
813:Ravenna
724:Please
490:meter:
372:Unicode
366:Unicode
343:skaldic
225:Swedish
163:Rundata
152:Culture
108:Created
98:Writing
4089:Sö 113
4047:Vg 119
4035:Ög 181
4031:Ög 136
4027:Sö 154
4022:DR 360
4018:DR 357
4014:DR 338
4010:DR 230
4006:DR 209
3989:DR 120
3977:Sö 111
3969:Vg 113
3965:U 1161
3957:DR 220
3953:DR 209
3949:DR 110
3945:Sö 140
3941:Vg 150
3903:Estrid
3881:DR 143
3877:DR 114
3857:Sr 139
3768:DR 330
3764:DR 259
3744:Sö 360
3740:Sö 333
3736:Sö 174
3720:U 1048
3645:(main)
3613:(main)
3333:Horses
3172:Events
3153:Ýdalir
3132:Wells
3068:Sindri
3053:Nóatún
2918:Brimir
2883:Asgard
2842:Ífingr
2825:Rivers
2735:Vættir
2593:Gyllir
2503:Fylgja
2493:Fenrir
2446:Draugs
2382:Others
2305:Heroes
2288:Brokkr
2243:Fáfnir
2233:Dúrnir
2228:Durinn
2203:Alvíss
2195:Dwarfs
2180:Vörnir
2090:Laufey
1955:Eggþér
1940:Bestla
1897:Jötnar
1882:Njörðr
1877:Kvasir
1840:Freyja
1792:Snotra
1752:Njörun
1707:Gefjon
1664:Víðarr
1604:Lóðurr
1533:jötnar
1529:dwarfs
1437:
1382:
1227:
1219:
1172:p. 11.
1168:
1117:
1025:album
975:Ansgar
879:Ingold
817:Aachen
257:Sweden
233:Ög 136
188:Varinn
168:Ög 136
146:Sweden
111:800 CE
90:Weight
82:Height
4084:Other
4043:Vg 63
4002:DR 83
3998:DR 81
3994:Vg 67
3985:DR 48
3981:DR 26
3973:Sö 86
3947:(?),
3935:"May
3873:DR 55
3869:N 225
3861:Vg 67
3853:U 861
3849:U 489
3845:U 455
3841:U 337
3833:Vs 24
3772:N 239
3760:G 207
3756:Sm 48
3752:Vg 81
3748:Vg 40
3732:Sö 49
3728:Sö 47
3724:Sö 16
3712:U 954
3708:U 948
3704:U 925
3696:U 614
3692:U 605
3688:U 258
3684:U 158
3680:Nä 29
3525:Völva
3515:Skald
3510:Seiðr
3505:Runes
3500:Rings
3465:Heiti
3450:Galdr
3445:Félag
3435:Death
3428:Other
3338:Hörgr
3253:Sagas
2993:Heiðr
2958:Gimlé
2898:Barri
2837:Gjöll
2762:Vörðr
2725:Troll
2710:Sköll
2670:Norns
2578:Grani
2573:Glenr
2563:Glaðr
2533:Hjúki
2508:Garmr
2461:Elves
2456:Eldir
2429:Dísir
2409:Beyla
2343:Hi–Hy
2293:Eitri
2278:Regin
2223:Dáinn
2175:Vosud
2155:Þrymr
2135:Þjazi
2125:Surtr
2095:Leikn
2065:Hymir
2060:Hrymr
2050:Hroðr
2025:Hljod
2005:Gymir
1995:Gríðr
1975:Gangr
1925:Baugi
1872:Hnoss
1855:Yngvi
1845:Freyr
1832:Vanir
1812:Þrúðr
1787:Skaði
1782:Sjöfn
1777:Sigyn
1762:Rindr
1747:Nanna
1727:Iðunn
1712:Gerðr
1702:Fulla
1697:Frigg
1624:Mímir
1619:Meili
1594:Hœnir
1564:Bragi
1559:Baldr
1247:(PDF)
839:Gunnr
782:Gunnr
482:meter
241:runic
174:Style
156:Norse
121:Rök,
4039:Öl 1
3937:Thor
3865:N 68
3837:U 15
3716:1028
3455:Goði
3440:Ergi
3419:Yule
3318:Blót
3226:Edda
2688:Nótt
2683:Elli
2678:Dagr
2625:Jörð
2568:Glær
2558:Gísl
2419:Búri
2414:Borr
2394:Auðr
2338:H–He
2263:Litr
2185:Ymir
2140:Þökk
2105:Logi
2100:Litr
1930:Beli
1905:Ægir
1767:Sága
1742:Lofn
1737:Irpa
1732:Ilmr
1722:Hlín
1654:Ullr
1644:Thor
1634:Odin
1614:Máni
1609:Loki
1589:Höðr
1546:Æsir
1504:and
1435:OCLC
1380:ISBN
1255:9–10
1225:OCLC
1217:ASIN
1166:ISBN
1147:2021
1115:ISSN
988:and
949:thul
930:Thor
889:and
830:Deor
797:The
789:Thor
629:Þórr
305:Rauk
219:The
4049:,
3925:and
3700:699
3480:Nīþ
3323:Hof
2791:Hel
2523:Hel
2358:T–Y
2353:P–S
2348:I–O
2333:F–G
2328:D–E
2323:B–C
2273:Ótr
2075:Iði
1822:Vör
1817:Vár
1802:Syn
1797:Sól
1772:Sif
1757:Rán
1717:Gná
1692:Eir
1687:Bil
1649:Týr
1639:Óðr
1259:doi
1028:Tyr
953:ætt
902:Nit
862:by
819:by
728:by
245:Rök
178:RAK
134:Rök
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