28:
206:
531:
710:
600:
680:
635:
570:
559:
20:
161:, a factory dedicated to producing long-range rockets. In June 1955, Makeev was appointed chief designer of the SKB-385 to oversee the programme and, in July, the R-11 was formally accepted into military service. The definitive R-11M, designed to carry a nuclear warhead, was accepted officially into service on 1 April 1958. The launch system received the
249:(SS-N-5) in 1963. During its service, 77 launches were conducted, of which 59 were successful. The success of the R-11FM established Makeev as the main designer of submarine-launched weapons for the Soviet Armed Forces, and the R-11FM served with the first generation SLBM submarine units of the Soviet Navy.
181:
vanes in the engine exhaust, that were active only while the motor was burning. The R-11M had a maximum range of 270 km (170 mi), but when carrying a nuclear warhead, this was reduced to 170 km (110 mi), hence an alternative designation R-170. At maximum range, it was found to
27:
233:(Zulu class) submarine in September of the same year. While the initial design was done by Korolev's OKB-1, the programme was transferred to Makeyev's SKB-385 in August 1955. It became operational in 1959 as the D-1 launch system, the world's first
760:
210:
753:
2682:
746:
3189:
3194:
2248:
3174:
408:
3179:
190:
the ability to hit
European targets from forward areas. To give the system sufficient mobility on the battlefield, the R-11 was mounted on the chassis of an
3169:
738:
2241:
234:
141:, while Makeev advocated the use of a storable but toxic oxidizer. Makeev's version, that first flew on 18 April 1953, was fitted with an
3045:
2234:
469:
441:
2588:
205:
510:
2226:
478:
195:
416:
412:
310:
174:
76:
3184:
1849:
970:
314:
142:
2257:
2494:
2444:
2384:
2379:
2339:
3147:) • Unknown/no details • Possible error • Unconfirmed
198:
8U218. Main payload was a nuclear warhead with an estimated yield of 10, 20 or 40 kilotons. There was also
3164:
2389:
2364:
2334:
2324:
2274:
1612:
2708:
2054:
2049:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
652:
2029:
3099:
2531:
2369:
1039:
1029:
1019:
667:
647:
60:
2424:
2024:
3144:
2354:
2309:
1632:
1607:
1602:
875:
790:
662:
503:
2329:
2044:
2034:
860:
850:
354:
292:
880:
870:
1975:
1418:
1171:
769:
Russian and former Soviet military designation sequences for radar, missile and rocket systems
350:
191:
186:
error of 660 m (0.41 mi). It was used as a mobile nuclear strike vector, giving the
146:
134:
110:
375:
2842:
2672:
2639:
2344:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
1995:
1803:
1375:
51:
2657:
2644:
2614:
2489:
2484:
2439:
2429:
2419:
2414:
2394:
2349:
2304:
2279:
2039:
1985:
1930:
1808:
1201:
1176:
1111:
1069:
1059:
1054:
985:
910:
130:
137:
as the fuel, but disagreed over which oxidizer to use, with
Korolev favouring the use of
3089:
2986:
2901:
2649:
2634:
2619:
2554:
2449:
2434:
2319:
1889:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1859:
1854:
1844:
1829:
1597:
1456:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1304:
1289:
1232:
1227:
1186:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1106:
1079:
1024:
980:
437:
246:
242:
83:
3158:
2930:
2879:
2536:
2504:
2499:
2474:
2454:
2359:
2314:
2215:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
1960:
1955:
1940:
1864:
1839:
1834:
1824:
1582:
1572:
1567:
1557:
1511:
1496:
1441:
1436:
1380:
1319:
1299:
1294:
1181:
1064:
496:
138:
122:
121:, an anti-aircraft version of the V-2, as a model the R-11 was developed by engineer
89:. It was the first of several similar Soviet missiles to be given the reporting name
483:
3020:
3009:
2991:
2866:
2858:
2774:
2690:
2629:
2624:
2578:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2160:
2100:
2095:
1980:
1920:
1798:
1562:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1451:
1413:
1403:
1191:
1156:
1116:
1044:
975:
960:
950:
535:
530:
226:
73:
3075:
3001:
2891:
2737:
2719:
2564:
2523:
2469:
2464:
2090:
1970:
1950:
1945:
1935:
1925:
1915:
1910:
1662:
1622:
1617:
1592:
1516:
1506:
1481:
1446:
1365:
1314:
1284:
965:
955:
714:
709:
657:
548:
488:
465:
268:
238:
230:
187:
150:
3055:
2896:
2884:
2374:
2080:
1723:
1693:
1627:
1476:
1408:
1324:
1253:
1248:
1151:
1049:
1014:
945:
890:
865:
855:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
622:
118:
66:
2925:
2906:
1905:
1587:
1547:
1329:
1121:
800:
795:
727:
722:
617:
263:
258:
36:
558:
19:
2967:
2957:
2940:
2766:
2747:
2700:
2479:
2459:
1990:
1577:
1552:
1501:
1370:
1360:
1279:
1274:
885:
697:
692:
612:
604:
599:
587:
582:
318:
178:
158:
2797:
2195:
2190:
2185:
1667:
1206:
1074:
199:
183:
154:
2975:
2729:
2662:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2180:
2175:
2059:
1793:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1491:
1211:
1196:
1166:
1034:
895:
40:
32:
3143:
Listed in contemporary sources • Bergander list (
211:
Military
Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineers and Signal Corps
3125:
2911:
2832:
2546:
2170:
2165:
2105:
2085:
2075:
1965:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1688:
1683:
1486:
1398:
1258:
925:
684:
679:
204:
126:
26:
18:
3034:
2125:
1884:
1161:
940:
935:
930:
920:
915:
905:
900:
639:
634:
574:
569:
519:
273:
162:
90:
80:
2230:
742:
492:
182:
have an average range error 1.19 km (0.74 mi) and an
114:
474:
202:
warhead 9N33 with 535 kg (1,179 lb) of explosive.
165:
index 9K51, the rocket itself 8K11, and the launcher 8U218.
229:
in
February 1955, and was first launched from a converted
153:. On 13 December 1953, a production order was passed with
409:"SS-1 'Scud' (R-11/8K11, R-11FM (SS-N-1B) and R-17/8K14)"
293:
Johnston's
Archive – Soviet/Russian Missile Designations
241:(Golf Class) submarines, until its replacement by the
347:
Rakiety operacyjne i taktyczne w Siłach
Zbrojnych PRL
3098:
3054:
3000:
2966:
2939:
2857:
2841:
2796:
2787:
2765:
2746:
2728:
2699:
2681:
2587:
2563:
2545:
2522:
2513:
2265:
2118:
2068:
2017:
2008:
1898:
1817:
1676:
1540:
1427:
1389:
1338:
1267:
1241:
1220:
1099:
1092:
1007:
994:
783:
774:
706:
676:
631:
596:
566:
527:
109:The R-11 originated from a 1951 requirement for a
237:(SLBM), and was deployed onboard Project 611 and
3190:Tactical ballistic missiles of the Soviet Union
2242:
754:
504:
8:
2260:for Soviet and Chinese aircraft and missiles
304:
302:
300:
97:was accepted into service, with GRAU index
3195:Military equipment introduced in the 1950s
2793:
2519:
2249:
2235:
2227:
2014:
1096:
780:
761:
747:
739:
511:
497:
489:
23:9U218 launcher (rocket without a warhead)
177:, and its flight was controlled by four
349:. „Poligon” No. 1/2018(62), pp. 56–63,
285:
113:with similar performance to the German
345:Rochowicz, Robert (2018) (in Polish).
341:
339:
337:
335:
31:R-11 Zemlya (8Đš11) next to the larger
3175:Cold War missiles of the Soviet Union
7:
3180:Nuclear missiles of the Soviet Union
235:submarine-launched ballistic missile
117:rocket, but half its size. With the
133:. The two men agreed on the use of
14:
470:Federation of American Scientists
442:Federation of American Scientists
173:Like the V-2, the R-11 relied on
16:Soviet tactical ballistic missile
3170:Chemical weapon delivery systems
708:
678:
633:
598:
568:
557:
529:
415:. 26 April 2001. Archived from
1:
479:George C. Marshall Institute
196:transporter erector launcher
466:Ballistic Missile Reference
3211:
125:, who was then working in
79:. It is also known by its
77:tactical ballistic missile
3141:
555:
315:Encyclopedia Astronautica
245:in 1961 (SS-N-4) and the
55:
2258:USAF/DoD reporting names
1658:S-500/55R6M Triumfator-M
522:missiles and derivatives
413:Jane's Information Group
194:, that became its first
1638:S-200 Angara/Vega/Dubna
39:on display in downtown
1588:9K38 Igla/9K338 Igla-S
213:
43:
24:
438:"R-11FM / SS-1b Scud"
221:A naval variant, the
208:
169:Systems specification
30:
22:
225:was first tested at
1648:S-350 (50R6) Vityaz
1428:Surface-to-surface
1390:Surface-to-surface
484:R-11 / SS-1B SCUD-A
477:: A Project of the
2788:Research/prototype
2514:Research/prototype
1633:S-125 Neva/Pechora
214:
65:'Earth'),
44:
25:
3152:
3151:
3137:
3136:
2783:
2782:
2224:
2223:
2114:
2113:
2004:
2003:
1419:9M730 Burevestnik
1088:
1087:
736:
735:
175:inertial guidance
111:ballistic missile
64:
3202:
3185:Rocket artillery
2794:
2520:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2228:
2069:Rocket artillery
2015:
1097:
781:
763:
756:
749:
740:
713:
712:
683:
682:
638:
637:
603:
602:
573:
572:
561:
534:
533:
513:
506:
499:
490:
453:
452:
450:
449:
434:
428:
427:
425:
424:
405:
399:
396:
390:
389:
387:
386:
372:
366:
363:
357:
343:
330:
329:
327:
326:
321:on March 9, 2002
317:. Archived from
306:
295:
290:
59:
57:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3133:
3094:
3050:
2996:
2962:
2935:
2853:
2837:
2789:
2779:
2761:
2742:
2724:
2695:
2677:
2583:
2559:
2541:
2515:
2509:
2267:
2261:
2255:
2225:
2220:
2110:
2064:
2010:
2000:
1986:9M133M Kornet-M
1894:
1813:
1809:Kh-47M2 Kinzhal
1799:9M114V Shturm-V
1672:
1536:
1429:
1423:
1391:
1385:
1334:
1263:
1237:
1216:
1084:
1003:
990:
776:
770:
767:
737:
732:
707:
702:
677:
672:
632:
627:
597:
592:
567:
562:
553:
528:
523:
517:
462:
457:
456:
447:
445:
444:. July 13, 2000
436:
435:
431:
422:
420:
407:
406:
402:
397:
393:
384:
382:
374:
373:
369:
364:
360:
344:
333:
324:
322:
308:
307:
298:
291:
287:
282:
255:
219:
171:
131:Sergey Korolyov
107:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3208:
3206:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3157:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3006:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2972:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2869:
2863:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2802:
2800:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2734:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2687:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2655:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2593:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2551:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2528:
2526:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2231:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2019:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1680:
1678:
1677:Air-to-surface
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1598:9K35 Strela-10
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1541:Surface-to-air
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1433:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1395:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1103:
1101:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1001:
998:
996:
992:
991:
989:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
787:
785:
778:
772:
771:
768:
766:
765:
758:
751:
743:
734:
733:
731:
730:
725:
719:
717:
704:
703:
701:
700:
695:
689:
687:
674:
673:
671:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
644:
642:
629:
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419:on 2007-12-15
418:
414:
410:
404:
401:
395:
392:
381:
380:RSC "Energia"
377:
376:"Rocket R-11"
371:
368:
362:
359:
356:
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348:
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217:Naval variant
216:
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197:
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189:
185:
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176:
168:
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164:
160:
156:
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145:engine using
144:
140:
139:liquid oxygen
136:
132:
128:
124:
123:Victor Makeev
120:
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100:
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75:
71:
68:
62:
53:
49:
42:
38:
34:
29:
21:
2874:
2859:Kapustin Yar
2266:Type numbers
2018:Air-launched
1653:S-400 Triumf
1563:Kashtan CIWS
1414:3M-54 Kalibr
1309:
1192:RS-28 Sarmat
891:RSN-225 Azov
543:
536:Soviet Union
446:. Retrieved
432:
421:. Retrieved
417:the original
403:
398:Zaloga, p. 8
394:
383:. Retrieved
379:
370:
365:Zaloga, p. 4
361:
346:
323:. Retrieved
319:the original
309:Wade, Mark.
288:
227:Kapustin Yar
222:
220:
172:
129:, headed by
108:
98:
94:
87:SS-1b Scud-A
86:
69:
47:
45:
3002:Sary Shagan
2565:Novosibirsk
2524:Caspian Sea
2268:(1947–1955)
1663:M-11 Shtorm
1623:S-25 Berkut
1618:42S6 Morfey
1593:9K333 Verba
715:North Korea
658:Al-Samoud 2
549:R-17 Elbrus
544:R-11 Zemlya
269:R-17 Elbrus
239:Project 629
231:Project 611
188:Soviet Army
151:nitric acid
48:R-11 Zemlya
3159:Categories
1818:Air-to-air
1628:S-75 Dvina
1613:Pantsir-S1
1409:3M-51 Alfa
995:Ship-borne
784:Land-based
653:Al Hijarah
623:Ghauri-III
448:2008-02-19
423:2008-02-12
385:2021-01-01
325:2008-02-17
280:References
209:R-11FM in
119:Wasserfall
93:. Variant
67:GRAU index
56:Р-11 Земля
1899:Anti-tank
1608:9K330 Tor
1548:2K11 Krug
986:Container
881:Kabina 66
728:Hwasong-6
723:Hwasong-5
668:Al-Tammuz
648:Al-Husayn
618:Ghauri-II
468:from the
355:1895-3344
264:Hwasong-6
259:Hwasong-5
192:IS-2 tank
37:Tsyklon-3
2968:Plesetsk
2941:Nyonoksa
2790:missiles
2748:Nanchang
2701:Taganrog
2516:aircraft
2009:Unguided
1991:Kornet-D
1804:Hermes-A
1603:9K37 Buk
1578:9K33 Osa
1553:2K12 Kub
1502:RKV-500A
1392:(cruise)
1202:UR-100MR
1093:Missiles
1008:Airborne
981:Voronezh
886:Kasta 2E
698:Burkan-2
693:Burkan-1
663:Al-Abbas
613:Ghauri-I
605:Pakistan
588:Shahab-2
583:Shahab-1
253:See also
179:graphite
159:Zlatoust
101:(9Đš51).
3145:details
3056:Töretam
2798:Barnaul
2196:RD-0146
2191:RD-0124
2186:RD-0120
2119:Engines
2011:rockets
1931:9K115-2
1668:Sosna-R
1430:(naval)
1207:UR-100N
1172:RT-2PM2
777:systems
200:HE-Frag
184:azimuth
155:SKB-385
63:
52:Russian
2871:KY-02
2843:Embi-5
2775:XIAN-A
2738:HARB-A
2730:Harbin
2683:SibNIA
2579:NOVO-C
2575:NOVO-B
2572:NOVO-A
2537:CASP-B
2532:CASP-A
2216:RD-500
2211:RD-191
2206:RD-180
2201:RD-170
2181:RD-117
2176:RD-107
2060:RS-132
1996:Hermes
1794:Kh-101
1532:URPK-5
1527:URPK-4
1522:URPK-3
1497:P-1000
1492:P-900A
1404:RSS-40
1381:RSM-56
1376:RSM-45
1325:OTR-23
1320:OTR-21
1233:RSD-10
1212:UR-200
1197:UR-100
1167:RT-2PM
976:Don-2N
961:Daryal
951:Dnestr
896:SNR-75
353:
311:"R-11"
223:R-11FM
143:Isayev
105:Origin
74:Soviet
72:was a
41:Dnipro
3130:VA-08
3126:VA-07
3122:VA-06
3119:VA-05
3116:VA-04
3113:VA-03
3110:VA-02
3107:VA-01
3090:TT-09
3086:TT-08
3083:TT-07
3080:TT-06
3076:TT-05
3072:TT-04
3069:TT-03
3066:TT-02
3063:TT-01
3046:SH-11
3042:SH-10
3039:SH-09
3035:SH-08
3031:SH-07
3028:SH-06
3025:SH-05
3021:SH-04
3017:SH-03
3014:SH-02
3010:SH-01
2992:PL-05
2987:PL-04
2983:PL-03
2980:PL-02
2976:PL-01
2958:NE-04
2954:NE-03
2951:NE-02
2948:NE-01
2931:KY-12
2926:KY-11
2922:KY-10
2919:KY-09
2916:KY-08
2912:KY-07
2907:KY-06
2902:KY-05
2897:KY-04
2892:KY-03
2867:KY-01
2850:EM-01
2833:BL-10
2829:BL-09
2826:BL-08
2823:BL-07
2820:BL-06
2817:BL-05
2814:BL-04
2811:BL-03
2808:BL-02
2805:BL-01
2767:Xi'an
2758:NAN-B
2755:NAN-A
2720:TAG-D
2716:TAG-C
2713:TAG-B
2709:TAG-A
2691:SIB-A
2673:RAM-T
2669:RAM-S
2658:RAM-R
2654:RAM-Q
2650:RAM-P
2645:RAM-N
2640:RAM-M
2635:RAM-L
2630:RAM-K
2625:RAM-J
2620:RAM-H
2615:RAM-G
2611:RAM-F
2608:RAM-E
2605:RAM-D
2602:RAM-C
2599:RAM-B
2596:RAM-A
2555:KAZ-A
2547:Kazan
2171:RD-58
2166:RD-45
2161:RD-33
2106:TOS-1
2101:BM-30
2096:BM-27
2091:BM-25
2086:BM-24
2081:BM-21
2076:BM-14
2055:RS-82
2050:RP-21
2045:RP-15
1981:9M133
1976:9M123
1971:9M120
1966:9M119
1961:9M117
1956:9M113
1936:9K121
1926:9K115
1921:9K114
1916:9K112
1911:9K111
1890:R-172
1789:Kh-90
1784:Kh-80
1779:Kh-59
1774:Kh-58
1769:Kh-55
1764:Kh-41
1759:Kh-38
1754:Kh-35
1749:Kh-31
1744:Kh-29
1739:Kh-28
1734:Kh-26
1729:Kh-25
1724:Kh-23
1719:Kh-22
1714:Kh-20
1709:Kh-15
1704:Kh-11
1699:K-10S
1689:KSR-5
1684:KSR-2
1643:S-300
1517:RPK-7
1512:RPK-6
1507:RPK-2
1487:P-900
1482:P-800
1477:P-750
1472:P-700
1467:P-500
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