40:
168:
52:
352:, suggesting that it is less important in motor control. It is one of the pathways for the mediation of involuntary movement, along with other extra-pyramidal tracts including the vestibulospinal, tectospinal, and reticulospinal tracts. The tract is responsible for large
356:
movement regulation flexor and inhibiting extensor tone as well as fine motor control. It terminates primarily in the cervical and thoracic portions of the spinal cord, suggesting that it functions in upper limb but not in lower limb control.
291:
It is rudimentary and functionally less important in humans. It is involved in motor control of distal flexors of the upper limb - especially of the hand and fingers - by promoting flexor tone while inhibiting extensors. It complements the
446:"Spinal Reflexes and Descending Motor Pathways (Section 3, Chapter 2) Neuroscience Online: An Electronic Textbook for the Neurosciences | Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy - the University of Texas Medical School at Houston"
340:. It terminates in the contralateral cervical spinal cord by synapsing with interneurons of the lateral intermediate zone and anterior horn of the spinal cord.
138:
320:. In the pons, it is situated medially within the rostral pontine tegmentum. In the medulla oblongata, it descends within the lateral tegmentum medial to the
690:
733:
1037:
1179:
1127:
1082:
1073:
997:
982:
504:
429:
114:
110:
106:
102:
1002:
364:. In some other primates, however, experiments have shown that over time, the rubrospinal tract can assume almost all the duties of the
987:
1373:
1189:
185:
2016:
1144:
251:
596:
232:
56:
Schematic representation of the chief ganglionic categories (Rubrospinal tract not labeled, but red nucleus visible near center)
601:
591:
445:
204:
1721:
1260:
1164:
348:
In humans, the rubrospinal tract is one of several major motor control pathways. It is smaller and has fewer axons than the
189:
2079:
2053:
1168:
771:
133:
211:
2084:
2058:
2021:
1987:
1982:
1887:
1854:
1818:
1768:
1633:
1390:
1248:
907:
788:
766:
281:
2118:
2025:
1386:
1244:
1030:
857:
783:
337:
293:
1977:
1793:
1691:
1615:
1573:
932:
634:
218:
178:
2011:
1929:
1763:
1519:
1489:
1272:
1239:
959:
874:
629:
497:
305:
473:
1808:
1695:
1619:
1429:
1281:
200:
1909:
1896:
1868:
1801:
1776:
1683:
1651:
1607:
1377:
1148:
884:
1830:
1797:
1788:
1667:
1663:
1655:
1591:
1396:
1023:
145:
121:
97:
2123:
1946:
1883:
1859:
1850:
1822:
1813:
1710:
1671:
1595:
1498:
1406:
1324:
917:
864:
761:
583:
321:
285:
2007:
1973:
1924:
1439:
1425:
1369:
1315:
1207:
1156:
1015:
818:
795:
644:
527:
490:
1891:
1679:
1659:
1603:
1528:
1523:
1434:
1320:
1310:
1286:
1256:
1251:
1138:
922:
879:
823:
778:
725:
621:
365:
349:
325:
2074:
2048:
1879:
1109:
1105:
1091:
896:
810:
743:
738:
669:
657:
562:
532:
377:
317:
225:
39:
2062:
1991:
1934:
1920:
1758:
1675:
1599:
1547:
1493:
1268:
1231:
1193:
1095:
937:
927:
844:
800:
753:
662:
425:
333:
1382:
1358:
1332:
1152:
1100:
852:
537:
1846:
1542:
1290:
1117:
1113:
695:
542:
2003:
1969:
1955:
1783:
1443:
1058:
1054:
17:
2112:
1826:
1563:
1235:
685:
611:
606:
557:
449:
1913:
1872:
1699:
1643:
1623:
1583:
709:
547:
90:
1901:
1463:
1300:
1221:
1050:
1046:
652:
574:
513:
329:
313:
309:
277:
273:
269:
167:
2088:
2070:
2044:
2036:
1999:
1965:
1772:
1743:
477:
126:
1905:
1864:
1725:
1687:
1647:
1611:
1587:
1328:
1264:
1160:
552:
84:
151:
361:
353:
51:
72:
1212:
1019:
486:
44:
Rubrospinal tract is labeled in red on the left of the diagram.
482:
161:
424:(2nd ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell.
2035:
1954:
1943:
1839:
1751:
1742:
1707:
1631:
1571:
1562:
1508:
1478:
1452:
1414:
1405:
1357:
1350:
1299:
1220:
1206:
1178:
1126:
1081:
1072:
1065:
972:
952:
895:
843:
836:
809:
752:
724:
717:
708:
678:
643:
620:
582:
573:
520:
192:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
132:
120:
96:
83:
71:
66:
61:
32:
420:Patestas, Maria A.; Gartner, Leslie P. (2016).
1031:
498:
8:
1951:
1748:
1568:
1411:
1354:
1217:
1078:
1069:
1038:
1024:
1016:
840:
721:
714:
579:
505:
491:
483:
368:when the corticospinal tract is lesioned.
50:
38:
734:Posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway
252:Learn how and when to remove this message
1925:Flocculonodular lobe/vestibulocerebellum
304:The rubrospinal tract originates in the
1884:Intermediate hemisphere/spinocerebellum
389:
2054:Ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract
1983:Dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar tract
149:
29:
415:
413:
7:
411:
409:
407:
405:
403:
401:
399:
397:
395:
393:
190:adding citations to reliable sources
1851:Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum
1374:Posterior limb of internal capsule
1190:Posterior limb of internal capsule
25:
1145:Posterior external arcuate fibers
597:Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando
166:
360:It is small and rudimentary in
177:needs additional citations for
1:
2080:Rostral spinocerebellar tract
691:Central gelatinous substance
2026:Anterior lobe of cerebellum
338:lateral corticospinal tract
294:lateral corticospinal tract
2140:
1978:Posterior thoracic nucleus
1692:Thalamocortical radiations
1616:Thalamocortical radiations
635:Posterior thoracic nucleus
422:A Textbook of Neuroanatomy
308:in the caudal part of the
27:Part of the nervous system
2012:Accessory cuneate nucleus
1930:Vestibulocerebellar tract
1764:Vestibulocerebellar tract
1538:
1273:Posterior parietal cortex
1240:Anterior white commissure
960:Anterior white commissure
630:Intermediolateral nucleus
318:tegmentum of the midbrain
314:decussates (crosses over)
306:magnocellular red nucleus
144:
49:
37:
1809:Inferior olivary nucleus
1696:Supplementary motor area
1620:Supplementary motor area
1430:Genu of internal capsule
1282:Spinomesencephalic tract
1897:Cerebellothalamic tract
1378:Decussation of pyramids
1149:Internal arcuate fibers
998:Posterior median sulcus
983:Anterior median fissure
324:, and posterior to the
1831:Deep cerebellar nuclei
1798:Deep cerebellar nuclei
1789:Pontocerebellar fibers
1664:Subthalamic fasciculus
1656:Subthalamic fasciculus
1397:Neuromuscular junction
280:. It is a part of the
146:Anatomical terminology
18:Rubrospinal fasciculus
2017:Cuneocerebellar tract
1860:Dentatothalamic tract
1814:Olivocerebellar tract
1711:nigrostriatal pathway
1672:Lenticular fasciculus
1596:Lenticular fasciculus
1499:Vestibulospinal tract
1003:Posterolateral sulcus
584:Posterior grey column
332:, it descends in the
322:spinocerebellar tract
78:tractus rubrospinalis
1529:Reticulospinal tract
1440:Facial motor nucleus
1426:Primary motor cortex
1370:Primary motor cortex
1316:Spinoreticular tract
1157:Trigeminal lemniscus
1096:Meissner's corpuscle
988:Anterolateral sulcus
819:Spinoreticular tract
645:Anterior grey column
528:Cervical enlargement
316:within the anterior
312:of the midbrain. It
286:extrapyramidal tract
186:improve this article
1892:Reticular formation
1680:Thalamic fasciculus
1660:Subthalamic nucleus
1604:Thalamic fasciculus
1524:Reticular formation
1520:Vestibulocerebellum
1490:Vestibulocerebellum
1435:Corticobulbar tract
1383:Corticospinal tract
1321:Reticular formation
1311:Group C nerve fiber
1287:Superior colliculus
1252:Spinothalamic tract
1139:sensory decussation
824:Spino-olivary tract
622:Lateral grey column
366:corticospinal tract
350:corticospinal tract
326:spinothalamic tract
201:"Rubrospinal tract"
2119:Spinal cord tracts
2075:Golgi tendon organ
2049:Golgi tendon organ
1880:Interposed nucleus
1110:Cuneate fasciculus
1106:Gracile fasciculus
1092:Pacinian corpuscle
670:Gamma motor neuron
658:Alpha motor neuron
563:Terminal ventricle
533:Lumbar enlargement
378:Upper motor neuron
336:, adjacent to the
276:connecting to the
2106:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2063:Cerebellar vermis
1992:Cerebellar vermis
1935:Vestibular nuclei
1921:Fastigial nucleus
1759:Vestibular nuclei
1738:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1676:Ansa lenticularis
1600:Ansa lenticularis
1558:
1557:
1551:→ muscles of neck
1548:Tectospinal tract
1494:Vestibular nuclei
1469:Rubrospinal tract
1346:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1269:Postcentral gyrus
1232:Free nerve ending
1202:
1201:
1194:Postcentral gyrus
1013:
1012:
973:External features
968:
967:
948:
947:
885:Hypothalamospinal
832:
831:
704:
703:
431:978-1-118-67746-9
334:lateral funiculus
266:rubrospinal tract
262:
261:
254:
236:
160:
159:
155:
33:Rubrospinal tract
16:(Redirected from
2131:
1952:
1749:
1715:
1638:
1578:
1569:
1513:
1483:
1457:
1419:
1412:
1355:
1333:Cingulate cortex
1257:Spinal lemniscus
1218:
1153:Medial lemniscus
1101:Posterior column
1079:
1070:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1017:
841:
722:
715:
602:Nucleus proprius
592:Marginal nucleus
580:
538:Conus medullaris
521:General features
507:
500:
493:
484:
461:
460:
458:
457:
448:. Archived from
442:
436:
435:
417:
268:is a descending
257:
250:
246:
243:
237:
235:
194:
170:
162:
152:edit on Wikidata
54:
42:
30:
21:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2094:
2031:
2004:muscle spindles
1970:muscle spindles
1957:
1947:Spinocerebellar
1945:
1939:
1847:Dentate nucleus
1835:
1730:
1708:
1703:
1632:
1627:
1572:
1554:
1543:Midbrain tectum
1534:
1509:
1504:
1479:
1474:
1453:
1448:
1415:
1401:
1338:
1295:
1291:Midbrain tectum
1211:
1198:
1174:
1141:/arcuate fibers
1122:
1118:Cuneate nucleus
1114:Gracile nucleus
1061:
1044:
1014:
1009:
964:
944:
918:Vestibulospinal
914:Extrapyramidal
891:
828:
805:
762:Spinocerebellar
748:
700:
696:Gray commissure
674:
639:
616:
612:Rexed lamina VI
569:
543:Filum terminale
516:
511:
470:
465:
464:
455:
453:
444:
443:
439:
432:
419:
418:
391:
386:
374:
346:
302:
258:
247:
241:
238:
195:
193:
183:
171:
156:
113:
109:
105:
57:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2137:
2135:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2111:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2067:
2066:
2041:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
1996:
1995:
1962:
1960:
1958:proprioception
1949:
1944:Bidirectional:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1917:
1916:
1876:
1875:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1805:
1804:
1784:Pontine nuclei
1780:
1779:
1755:
1753:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1718:
1716:
1705:
1704:
1641:
1639:
1629:
1628:
1581:
1579:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1516:
1514:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1486:
1484:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1460:
1458:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1444:Facial muscles
1422:
1420:
1409:
1407:Extrapyramidal
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1363:
1361:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1306:
1304:
1297:
1296:
1277:
1276:
1227:
1225:
1215:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1185:
1183:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1133:
1131:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1088:
1086:
1076:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1020:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1000:
992:
991:
990:
985:
976:
974:
970:
969:
966:
965:
963:
962:
956:
954:
950:
949:
946:
945:
943:
942:
941:
940:
935:
930:
925:
923:Reticulospinal
920:
912:
911:
910:
904:Corticospinal
901:
899:
893:
892:
890:
889:
888:
887:
882:
880:Reticulospinal
877:
872:
865:Extrapyramidal
862:
861:
860:
849:
847:
838:
834:
833:
830:
829:
827:
826:
821:
815:
813:
807:
806:
804:
803:
798:
796:Posterolateral
793:
792:
791:
786:
776:
775:
774:
769:
758:
756:
750:
749:
747:
746:
741:
736:
730:
728:
719:
712:
706:
705:
702:
701:
699:
698:
693:
688:
682:
680:
676:
675:
673:
672:
667:
666:
665:
663:Onuf's nucleus
655:
649:
647:
641:
640:
638:
637:
632:
626:
624:
618:
617:
615:
614:
609:
607:Rexed lamina V
604:
599:
594:
588:
586:
577:
571:
570:
568:
567:
566:
565:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
524:
522:
518:
517:
512:
510:
509:
502:
495:
487:
481:
480:
469:
468:External links
466:
463:
462:
437:
430:
388:
387:
385:
382:
381:
380:
373:
370:
345:
342:
301:
298:
260:
259:
174:
172:
165:
158:
157:
148:
142:
141:
136:
130:
129:
124:
118:
117:
100:
94:
93:
88:
81:
80:
75:
69:
68:
64:
63:
59:
58:
55:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2136:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1828:
1827:Purkinje cell
1824:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1727:
1723:
1722:Pars compacta
1720:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1564:Basal ganglia
1561:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1451:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1398:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1236:A delta fiber
1233:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1208:Anterolateral
1205:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1140:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1055:neural tracts
1052:
1048:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
993:
989:
986:
984:
981:
980:
978:
977:
975:
971:
961:
958:
957:
955:
951:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
915:
913:
909:
906:
905:
903:
902:
900:
898:
894:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
867:
866:
863:
859:
856:
855:
854:
853:Corticospinal
851:
850:
848:
846:
842:
839:
835:
825:
822:
820:
817:
816:
814:
812:
808:
802:
799:
797:
794:
790:
787:
785:
782:
781:
780:
779:Spinothalamic
777:
773:
770:
768:
765:
764:
763:
760:
759:
757:
755:
751:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
731:
729:
727:
723:
720:
716:
713:
711:
707:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
686:Rexed laminae
684:
683:
681:
677:
671:
668:
664:
661:
660:
659:
656:
654:
651:
650:
648:
646:
642:
636:
633:
631:
628:
627:
625:
623:
619:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
589:
587:
585:
581:
578:
576:
572:
564:
561:
560:
559:
558:Central canal
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
525:
523:
519:
515:
508:
503:
501:
496:
494:
489:
488:
485:
479:
475:
472:
471:
467:
452:on 2011-12-27
451:
447:
441:
438:
433:
427:
423:
416:
414:
412:
410:
408:
406:
404:
402:
400:
398:
396:
394:
390:
383:
379:
376:
375:
371:
369:
367:
363:
358:
355:
351:
343:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
299:
297:
295:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
256:
253:
245:
234:
231:
227:
224:
220:
217:
213:
210:
206:
203: –
202:
198:
197:Find sources:
191:
187:
181:
180:
175:This article
173:
169:
164:
163:
153:
147:
143:
140:
137:
135:
131:
128:
125:
123:
119:
116:
112:
108:
104:
101:
99:
95:
92:
89:
86:
82:
79:
76:
74:
70:
65:
60:
53:
48:
41:
36:
31:
19:
2124:Motor system
2078:
2052:
2015:
1981:
1928:
1914:Motor cortex
1895:
1873:Motor cortex
1858:
1812:
1802:Granule cell
1787:
1777:Granule cell
1762:
1709:
1700:Motor cortex
1644:Motor cortex
1634:
1624:Motor cortex
1584:Motor cortex
1574:
1546:
1527:
1510:
1497:
1480:
1468:
1467:
1454:
1433:
1416:
1381:
1366:
1314:
1280:
1278:
1243:
1137:
1099:
869:
710:White matter
575:Grey columns
548:Cauda equina
454:. Retrieved
450:the original
440:
421:
359:
347:
303:
290:
265:
263:
248:
242:October 2011
239:
229:
222:
215:
208:
196:
184:Please help
179:verification
176:
115:A14.1.06.213
111:A14.1.05.332
107:A14.1.04.136
103:A14.1.02.220
91:birnlex_1476
77:
1956:Unconscious
1902:Red nucleus
1464:Red nucleus
1051:spinal cord
938:Olivospinal
933:Raphespinal
928:Tectospinal
875:Raphespinal
870:Rubrospinal
801:Spinotectal
653:Interneuron
514:Spinal cord
330:spinal cord
310:red nucleus
278:red nucleus
274:spinal cord
67:Identifiers
2113:Categories
2089:Cerebellum
2071:upper limb
2045:lower limb
2037:Reflex arc
2000:upper limb
1966:lower limb
1823:Hemisphere
1773:Cerebellum
1744:Cerebellar
1622:) → 5° (
1511:extension:
1481:extension:
478:NeuroNames
456:2012-01-03
384:References
212:newspapers
1698:) → 7° (
1635:indirect:
1359:Pyramidal
1059:fasciculi
726:Posterior
328:. In the
284:indirect
2077:) → 2° (
2051:) → 2° (
2010:) → 2° (
1976:) → 2° (
1906:Thalamus
1865:Thalamus
1840:Efferent
1752:Afferent
1726:Striatum
1690:) → 6° (
1688:Thalamus
1670:) → 5° (
1662:) → 4° (
1654:) → 3° (
1650:) → 2° (
1648:Striatum
1614:) → 4° (
1612:Thalamus
1594:) → 3° (
1590:) → 2° (
1588:Striatum
1455:flexion:
1417:flexion:
1391:Anterior
1367:flexion:
1331:) → 3° (
1329:Thalamus
1323:) → 2° (
1271:) → 4° (
1267:) → 3° (
1265:Thalamus
1249:Anterior
1238:) → 2° (
1224:/lateral
1161:Thalamus
979:Ventral
908:Anterior
897:Anterior
811:Anterior
789:anterior
553:Meninges
474:hier-803
372:See also
344:Function
85:NeuroLex
1894:, or →
1575:direct:
1387:Lateral
1303:/medial
1245:Lateral
1066:Sensory
994:Dorsal
858:Lateral
845:Lateral
784:lateral
772:ventral
754:Lateral
744:Cuneate
739:Gracile
718:Sensory
300:Anatomy
282:lateral
272:of the
226:scholar
62:Details
2073:→ 1° (
2047:→ 1° (
2002:→ 1° (
1968:→ 1° (
767:dorsal
428:
362:humans
354:muscle
228:
221:
214:
207:
199:
1351:Motor
1047:Brain
837:Motor
679:Other
270:tract
233:JSTOR
219:books
150:[
139:73995
73:Latin
1912:) →
1871:) →
1642:1° (
1582:1° (
1309:1° (
1301:Slow
1279:2° (
1247:and
1230:1° (
1222:Fast
1213:pain
1151:) →
1112:) →
1074:DCML
1057:and
1049:and
953:Both
426:ISBN
264:The
205:news
127:6097
98:TA98
2085:ICP
2059:SCP
2022:ICP
2008:DRG
1988:ICP
1974:DRG
1923:in
1888:SCP
1882:in
1855:SCP
1849:in
1819:ICP
1811:→
1794:MCP
1769:ICP
1686:of
1668:GPi
1652:GPe
1610:of
1592:GPi
1492:→
1327:of
1289:of
1263:of
1261:VPL
1169:VPM
1165:VPL
476:at
188:by
134:FMA
122:TA2
2115::
2087:→
2083:→
2061:→
2057:→
2024:→
2020:→
2014:→
2006:→
1990:→
1986:→
1980:→
1972:→
1933:→
1927:→
1910:VL
1904:→
1900:→
1890:→
1886:→
1869:VL
1863:→
1857:→
1853:→
1829:→
1825:→
1821:→
1817:→
1800:→
1796:→
1792:→
1786:→
1775:→
1771:→
1767:→
1761:→
1724:→
1694:→
1684:VL
1682:→
1678:→
1666:→
1658:→
1646:→
1618:→
1608:VL
1606:→
1602:→
1586:→
1545:→
1526:→
1522:→
1496:→
1466:→
1442:→
1438:→
1432:→
1428:→
1395:→
1389:,
1380:→
1376:→
1372:→
1325:MD
1319:→
1313:→
1293:)
1285:→
1259:→
1255:→
1242:→
1234:→
1192:→
1188:→
1180:3°
1167:,
1159:→
1147:,
1136:→
1128:2°
1098:→
1083:1°
1053::
392:^
296:.
288:.
87:ID
2091:)
2065:)
2028:)
1994:)
1908:(
1867:(
1713::
1702:)
1674:/
1626:)
1598:/
1393:)
1385:(
1335:)
1275:)
1210:/
1182::
1171:)
1163:(
1155:/
1143:(
1130::
1116:/
1108:/
1104:(
1094:/
1085::
1039:e
1032:t
1025:v
506:e
499:t
492:v
459:.
434:.
255:)
249:(
244:)
240:(
230:·
223:·
216:·
209:·
182:.
154:]
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
