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important matters." Fashion writer
Marylou Luther, who became a good friend of Gernreich, wrote that he had two motives in his designs: one was to create modern fashion "for the 20th century and beyond," and the other was as "a social commentator, who just happened to work in the medium of clothes." Gernreich purposefully used his designs to advance his socio-political views.
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The retail success of the No Bra was followed in 1965 with the next design, a "no-side" bra to accommodate dresses with deep armholes. It had a narrow stretch band around the torso that allowed women to wear open-sleeved garments without displaying a bra band. The sheer cups were cut part of the bias
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A designer stands or falls on the totality of each year's collection, not just one item. At the moment, this topless business has done nothing but take away from my work, but in the end, I'm sure having my name known internationally will be a help. But that isn't why I'd do it again. I'd do it again
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clothing designs are generally regarded as the most innovative and dynamic fashion of the 1960s. He purposefully used fashion design as a social statement to advance sexual freedom, producing clothes that followed the natural form of the female body, freeing them from the constraints of high fashion.
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In 1974, in response to Los
Angeles banning nude beaches, he designed and named the first thong bathing suit that exposed the buttocks for both men and women. Gernreich patented the thong design but gave up enforcing his rights due to legal difficulties. From 1970 to 1971 he designed furnishings for
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magazine asked him to envision clothes in the future for its
January 1, 1970, issue, and he produced designs of minimalist, unisex garments that could be worn by either men or women. He said he wanted to create a "utility principle" that would "take our mind off how we look and concentrate on really
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Gernreich was very much against sexualization of the human body and the notion that the body was essentially shameful. Gernreich developed strong feelings about society's sexualization of the human body and disagreed with religious and social beliefs that the body was essentially shameful. He wanted
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In the early 1960s, Gernreich opened a
Seventh Avenue showroom in New York City where he showed his popular designs for Harmon knitwear and his own more expensive line of experimental garments. Gernreich wanted his designs to be affordable and in 1966, he broke American fashion's unwritten rule that
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also hired him as a shoe designer in 1959. He completed his seven-year contract with Walter Bass in 1960 and founded his firm G.R. Designs in Los
Angeles. He changed his company's name to Rudi Gernreich Inc. in 1964. His designs were featured in what is generally regarded as the first fashion video,
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The fashion climate at that time was dictated by designers in Paris. In 1949 he briefly worked in New York at George Carmel but didn't like the position because he felt pressured to imitate
Parisian fashion. Gernreich said, "Everyone with a degree of talent was motivated by a level of high taste and
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for many years, pushing the boundaries of the "futuristic look" in clothing over the course of three decades. His work paired minimalist designs with bright, psychedelic colors and strong geometric patterns, pushing the boundaries of contemporary women's clothing. Moffitt increased the notoriety of
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convinced him to sign a seven-year contract with him. William Bass Inc. produced a collection of dresses that they sold to Jack Hanson, the owner of Jax, an emerging Los
Angeles boutique that focused on avant-garde clothing that was fun and adventuresome. He also designed costumes for Lester Horton
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company as both a dancer and designer. Gernreich said "I never was a very good dancer ... I wanted to become a choreographer, but that never happened." Of his time with the
Theater, Gernreich said that dancing made him "aware of what clothes did to the rest of the body." He also designed freelance
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Gernreich learned about high fashion from his aunt, Hedwig MĂĽller, who with her husband Oskar
Jellinek, owned a dress shop. He spent many hours in his aunt's shop sketching her designs for Viennese high society and learned about fabrics. He also gained early impressions of sexuality. He later told
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clothing that was minimalist, utilitarian, and optional, including men's suits and hats for women.. He showed his designs on a male and female model who were both shaved. He designed coordinated outfits of dresses, handbags, hats, and stockings. He was among the first to regularly use vinyl and
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designer who broke many design rules. As a former dancer, Gernreich was interested in liberating the body from the limitations of clothing. In 1952, while designing for
Westwood, he introduced the first swimsuit without a built-in bra. Most swimsuits at the time had stiff inner construction with
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remarked, "He has turned the dancer's leotard into a swimsuit that frees the body. In the process, he has ripped out the boning and wiring that made American swimsuits seagoing corsets". He was regarded as the designer who freed women from the limits of high fashion by creating vibrant, young,
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In 1985 Tom Bradley, the Mayor of the City of Los Angeles, proclaimed August 13 as 'Rudi Gernreich Day' in recognition of Gernreich's contributions to fashion and Los Angeles, declaring "His designs were social commentary and forecast on our times and the future lifestyles of our nation."
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in Ohio, said "Rudi was one of the most important and visionary American fashion designers of the 21st century ... Rudi was doing very shocking and avant-garde things, like taking all the structure out of swimwear, and creating a trapeze dress in the 1950s way before
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to the attention of American educators. Oreste Pucciani was also a pivotal figure in the gay rights movement. The two men kept their relationship private as Gernreich believed public acknowledgment of his homosexuality would negatively affect his fashion business.
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It was a soft-cup, light-weight, seamless, sheer nylon tricot and elastic bra only available for small-breasted women. It came in three sheer colors: powder puff, black, and white, and in sizes 32 to 36, A and B cups. It had a single hook in the back.
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one of his favorite models, Leon Bing, about images of "leather chaps with a strap running between the buttocks of street laborers' work pants and the white flesh of women's thighs above gartered black stockings." When he was 12, Austrian designer
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on June 4, 1964, it generated a great deal of controversy in the United States and other countries. Moffitt said the design was a logical evolution of Gernreich's avant-garde ideas in swimwear design as much as a scandalous symbol of the
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urged him to make it available to the public. "I thought we'd sell only six or seven, but I decided to design it anyway." Moffitt later said that the Monokini "was a political statement. It wasn't meant to be worn in public."
757:, "It no longer means a thing to me. I can't bear to look at it anymore. I saw a photograph of a suit of Rudi's and one lapel of the jacket was shawl and the other was notched—well!" He blamed the vote on "jury members from
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called Gernreich and asked him to draw a suit to accompany a trend story along futuristic lines. That month he first envisioned a topless swimsuit that became the Monokini. The Monokini bottom was similar to a
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body, to "cure our society of its sex hang up," as he put it. Gerneich stated, "To me, the only respect you can give to a woman is to make her a human being. A totally emancipated woman who is totally free."
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design with a deep, plunging front for slit-to-the-waist necklines, and a "No-Back" long-line version that was anchored using contoured stretch-waistband that allowed a woman to wear a backless dress.
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Morris Nagel Versatogs and Adele California were well-known clothing design houses in Southern California. The two companies occupied adjoining buildings in 1948 at 2615 - 2609 South Hill Street in Los
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was made of sheer fabric without underwires or lining of any kind. Unlike contemporary bras, his design allowed breasts to assume their natural shape, rather than being molded into an aesthetic ideal.
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label. Some designs were reissued under the Peggy Moffitt/Comme des Garçons label. In 2012, Women's Wear Daily reported that a German investor had committed to reissuing some of Gernreich's designs.
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257:. Austrian citizens were advocates of exercising nude, a rejection of the over-civilized world. His mother took 16-year-old Rudi and escaped to the United States as Jewish refugees, settling in
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The No Bra was a big departure from the sculpted, bullet-shaped bosom of the previous decade. It was quite similar to the original bra of the 1920s and like the first modern bra invented by
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holds the record for Gernreich, set in 2002: $ 8,500 for two minidresses with peekaboo vinyl inserts. On October 30, 2008, one of Gernreich's original retail monokini was auctioned by
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and Rudi Gernreich". A retrospective titled "Fashion Will Go Out of Fashion" was assembled in Kunstlerhaus Graz, Austria, in 2000. In 2003, an exhibition of his work held at the
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Gernreich is regarded by some as the "most innovative and dynamic fashion designers of the 20th century." In 1964, he created the first topless swimsuit, which he called the "
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department store ran a half-page ad with the headline: "Rudi Gernreich, we'd give you the Coty Award all over again!" He received the award again in 1963, 1966, and 1967.
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because I think the topless, by overstating and exaggerating a new freedom of the body, will make the moderate, right degree of freedom more acceptable.
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After his death due to lung cancer, Moffitt retained the trademark on Gernreich's name. In 2003, she signed a contract to re-create his designs with
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saw his sketches and offered Gernreich a fashion apprenticeship in London, but his mother refused, believing her son was too young to leave home.
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in January 1985 and died on April 21, 1985, at age 62. Oreste Pucciani, Gernreich's partner for 31 years, endowed a trust in their name for the
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Gernreich never announced his sexual orientation. Moffit said, "He just thought his sexuality was obvious." Gernreich typically wore a toupee,
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in December 1967 with models Peggy Moffitt and Leon Bing. The magazine described him as "the most way-out, far-ahead designer in the U.S."
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but left Lester Horton in 1948 and became a fabric salesman for Hoffman Company. Gernreich moved into fashion design from fabric design.
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clothing manufacturer. He attended Los Angeles City College from 1938 to 1941, and the Los Angeles Art Center School from 1941 to 1942.
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In his later life, Gernreich devoted himself to gourmet soups. He is credited with a recipe for red pepper soup, a cold soup served in
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He was known for the early use of vinyl and plastic in clothing, and for his use of cutouts. He designed the first thong bathing suit,
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fashion editor, wrote, "To most of the people in the fashion industry, he was considered the most inventive designer of these times."
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In 1955, he began designing swimwear for Westwood Knitting Mills in Los Angeles. They hired him in 1959 as the swimwear designer.
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He began designing his own line of clothes in Los Angeles and New York until 1951, when fellow Viennese immigrant Walter Bass in
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who don't get around to high fashion collections are responsible for the Gernreich vote." In response to Norell's protest, the
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Gernreich preferred that his designs should be worn braless, and in October 1964, at the request the brassiere manufacturer
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name designers don't sell to chain stores. On January 3, 1966, he took the unprecedented action of signing a contract with
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His minimalist bra revolutionized brassiere design, initiating a trend toward more natural shapes and soft, sheer fabrics.
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International Fashion Award, London, 1965; Filene's Design award, Boston, 1966; Knitted Textile Association award, 1975;
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Gernreich approached fashion as a social commentary. He said, "I realized you could say things with clothes." Editors of
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to design for Versatogs, but Nagel required Gernreich to stick to the Versatogs design formula, which Gernreich hated.
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2188:""The Total Look: Rudi Gernreich, Peggy Moffitt, and William Claxton", Cincinnati Art Museum, through May 24, 2015"
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He later designed the "pubikini"—a bikini bottom with a window in front that revealed the model's dyed and shaped
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swimsuit style but ended at mid-torso and was supported by two straps between the breasts and around the neck.
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clothing, the first swimsuit without a built-in bra, the minimalist, soft, transparent No Bra, and the topless
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3027:"Rudi to Wear—A Retrospective of Legendary Fashion Designer Rudi Gernreich Makes Its Only U.S. Stop at ICA"
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Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities: the Making of a Homosexual Minority in the United States, 1940–1970
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1854:"The Total Look: The Creative Collaboration Between Rudi Gernreich, Peggy Moffitt, and William Claxton"
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The Mattachine Society, 1951. Rudi Gernreich, in white shirt & dark jacket, is third from the right
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plastic in clothes, used cut-out details, and designed the first soft, transparent bra — the No Bra.
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Gernreich became a U.S. citizen in 1943. He met Los Angeles-based Communist and gay rights activist
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until 1952. For most of the 1950s, he collaborated with Hungarian Holocaust survivor and immigrant
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1298:"Remember Those Topless Suits? After a Cool-Out, Racy Rudi Gernreich Returns to the Fashion Swim"
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Additional awards included the Neiman Marcus award, Dallas, 1961; Sporting Look award, 1963;
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uniforms worn by the main characters of the 1970s British science-fiction television series
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Gernreich was the only child of Siegmund Gernreich and Elisabeth (née Müller) Gernreich, a
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The Times of the Sixties: The Culture, Politics, and Personalities That Shaped the Decade
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magazine named him to its list of the "All-TIME 100 Fashion Icons". In 2000, the city of
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In 1951, still attempting to gain entry into the fashion world, Gernreich got a job with
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1386:"Renee Firestone Has the Last Laugh: Designer left her business to educate young people"
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boned linings. His designs used elasticized wool knits that clung to the woman's body.
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placed bronze plaques honoring American fashion designers, including Gernreich, along
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Fortress and Knoll International, and in 1975 he designed men's style underwear for
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He briefly worked in Hollywood costume design, but hated it. In 1942, he joined the
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Gernreich was a founding member of and an enthusiastic financial supporter of the
595:". Gernreich conceived the Monokini at the end of 1963, after Susanne Kirtland of
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He was a founding member of and financially supported the early activities of the
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In 1966, Gernreich was named one of the "fashion revolutionaries" in New York by
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He initially did not intend to produce the design commercially, but Kirtland of
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2856:"Topless Creator Gernreich Dies: Fashion World Saw Him as Its Most Innovative"
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1012:"Topless Creator Gernreich Dies: Fashion World Saw Him as Its Most Innovative"
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749:. The Coty Award stirred a controversy when the first recipient of the award,
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During his career, he was compared in influence to these same fashion houses:
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1462:"This Day in Jewish History A Mod Man (And Inventor of the Monokini) Is Born"
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1514:"Revolution In Fashion Reaction In New York: These Were The Revolutionaries"
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Cynthia Amnéus, Chief Curator and Curator of Fashion and Textiles at the
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contains more than 100 pieces of Gernreich's designs in its collection.
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Jewish emigrants from Austria after the Anschluss to the United Kingdom
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Gernreich received his first design award in 1956, a junior award from
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2506:"See Who Made Time's List Of The 100 Most Influential Fashion Icons"
2754:"Oreste Pucciani; UCLA Teacher Helped Bring Sartre's Ideas to U.S."
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2563:"Cold Red Pepper Soup: the Invention of a Former Fashion Designer"
1680:"Fashion for the '70s: Rudi Gernreich Makes Some Modest Proposals"
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loafers, and jumpsuits with industrial zippers and drove a white
3033:"Kent State University Museum's Rudi Gernriech: BOLD Exhibition"
1329:"Visual Moment | Fearless Fashion: Rudi Gernreich's Bold Vision"
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in July 1950, and the two became lovers. Hay showed Gernreich
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1934:"Rudi Gernreich's 'Total Look' Shows the Fashion Avant-Garde"
1620:"Rudi Gernreich – The Unsung Hero of American Fashion Design"
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A knit coat dress was sold at auction for $ 1,245 in 2008 at
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In 1967, he portrayed himself on an episode of the TV Series
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in an interview that despite the criticism he'd do it again.
1522:. Vol. 112, no. 74. April 14, 1966. pp. 4–5.
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case, which was common in Southern California at that time.
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and who died by suicide when Gernreich was eight years old.
2459:"How L.A. Designer Rudi Gernreich shifted fashion politics"
221:. His father was a stocking manufacturer who had served in
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Radically Gay: Gay Liberation in the Words of its Founder
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Radically Gay: Gay Liberation in the Words of its Founder
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and part of the half-bias. He also produced a "No Front"
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Gernreich is most well known for his design of the first
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as his influence. Gernreich developed a reputation as an
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in Los Angeles, before she started her own line in 1960.
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were gods—kings. You could not deviate from their look."
162:(August 8, 1922 – April 21, 1985) was an
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He was the sixth American designer to be elected to the
2445:"Fearless fashion designer Rudi Gernreich gets his due"
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1547:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 85.
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Works by Gernreich at the Metropolitan Museum of Art
2731:. Boston, Massachusetts: Beacon Press. p. 359.
1770:"Rudi Gernreich, Misunderstood Fashion Prophet. ..."
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French department, who was a key figure in bringing
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2371:"Rudi Gernreich's 'No-Bra' Bra ... Comes In Threes"
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Austrian-born American fashion designer (1922–1985)
2696:Completely Queer: The Gay and Lesbian Encyclopedia
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2214:"No Bra, No Way? Vintage Rudi Gernreich Lingerie"
2045:Striptease: The Untold History of the Girlie Show
3465:Early LGBT rights advocacy in the United States
1825:"Way Out Out West: New Designs For The Sea ..."
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2425:"Rudi Gernreich: Fashion-Made for These Times"
1413:"Curated Short A Claxton and Moffitt Original"
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1097:The Swimsuit Fashion from Poolside to Catwalk
1061:
1059:
1057:
953:, an avant-garde Japanese designer under her
277:, where he studied art and apprenticed for a
8:
2787:"The Churning Insides of a Quiet Revolution"
1335:. Washington, DC: Center for Creative Change
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
352:Basic Black: William Claxton w/Peggy Moffitt
192:Basic Black: William Claxton w/Peggy Moffitt
2137:
2135:
786:Special Tribute, 1985. Marylou Luther, the
496:". Gernreich was featured on the cover of
3456:
3442:
3434:
3087:
3073:
3065:
3013:
2998:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
29:
18:
2825:"Honors and the End for "Temperamentals""
1819:
1817:
1643:
1641:
1090:
1088:
549:The next year he worked on cosmetics for
414:Unisex costume design for Moonbase Alpha
1455:
1453:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1229:
1227:
1200:Petkanas, Christopher (April 20, 2010).
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
664:, Gernreich announced the "No Bra". The
3978:ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives
2885:from the original on December 22, 2015.
1776:from the original on September 12, 2015
1170:from the original on September 24, 2015
987:
784:Council of Fashion Designers of America
3489:Council on Religion and the Homosexual
2956:from the original on November 12, 2012
2930:from the original on December 22, 2015
2904:from the original on December 22, 2015
2592:Hay, Harry (1996). Will Roscoe (ed.).
2542:from the original on February 13, 2016
2246:from the original on December 22, 2015
2220:from the original on December 22, 2015
1802:from the original on December 22, 2015
1704:
1702:
1700:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1242:from the original on December 22, 2015
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1099:(Illustrated ed.). London: Berg.
1022:from the original on December 22, 2015
609:When Claxton's photograph of his wife
186:. He was a four-time recipient of the
4104:Deaths from lung cancer in California
2022:from the original on February 2, 2009
2012:"Runways: Remembrance of Thongs Past"
1905:Harmon, Charlie (February 25, 2015).
1734:
1732:
1717:from the original on October 15, 2015
1259:
1257:
613:modeling the design was published in
7:
4099:People from Silver Lake, Los Angeles
3796:The Phoenix: Midwest Homophile Voice
2698:. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
2628:Cusac, Anne-Marie (September 1999).
2534:[Rudi Gernreich Biography].
2298:from the original on October 6, 2013
2294:. Victoria and Albert Museum. 1965.
2108:Walls, Jeanette (January 14, 1991).
2049:. Oxford University Press. pp.
1913:from the original on October 6, 2015
1626:from the original on August 23, 2015
1468:from the original on October 2, 2013
1411:Paul, Jonathan (December 12, 2007).
2875:"Modern salute for a '60s designer"
2797:from the original on March 29, 2012
2763:from the original on March 16, 2014
2168:from the original on March 16, 2014
1932:Rosen, Steven (February 25, 2015).
1830:. December 24, 1962. Archived from
1618:Tay, Michelle (February 24, 2015).
1365:from the original on March 16, 2016
1354:Moore, Booth (September 21, 2001).
1308:from the original on March 16, 2014
1073:from the original on March 24, 2013
747:Coty American Fashion Critics Award
249:annexed Austria) on 12 March 1938,
188:Coty American Fashion Critics Award
2898:"Rudi Gernreich Label to Relaunch"
2854:Luther, Marylou (April 22, 1985).
2694:Hogan, Steve; Lee, Hudson (1998).
2573:from the original on July 15, 2012
2403:"Fearless Fashion: Rudi Gernreich"
2383:from the original on June 23, 2016
2272:from the original on March 7, 2013
2194:from the original on March 4, 2016
1561:from the original on June 30, 2014
1460:Green, David B. (August 8, 2013).
1164:"Rudi Gernreich papers, 1891-1993"
1010:Luther, Marylou (April 22, 1985).
699:Rudi exhibited his fashion at the
531:Coty American Fashion Hall of Fame
14:
4114:20th-century American LGBT people
2835:from the original on May 12, 2010
2727:Hay, Harry; Roscoe, Will (1996).
2485:from the original on May 15, 2012
1745:Sports Illustrated Vault | SI.com
1423:from the original on June 3, 2013
1272:from the original on July 4, 2013
573:in 1982, all danced by the WCK3.
521:and her husband and photographer
3998:LGBT rights in the United States
2924:"The Collection Online - Bikini"
2896:Socha, Miles (August 27, 2012).
2379:. October 1965. pp. 32–35.
2110:"High Fashion's Lowest Neckline"
1668:from the original on 2016-05-01.
1600:from the original on 2014-06-30.
1234:Theiss, Evelyn (July 30, 2008).
1212:from the original on May 5, 2013
1166:. Online Archive of California.
920:became the subjects of the play
725:Fearless Fashion: Rudi Gernreich
253:, among many other acts, banned
4089:Los Angeles City College alumni
3554:Veterans Benevolent Association
2823:Healy, Patrick (May 23, 2010).
2640:from the original on 2009-05-19
2142:Rockwell, John (June 3, 2014).
1992:from the original on 2016-02-13
1648:Stukin, Stacie (Sep 25, 2001).
701:Fashion Institute of Technology
311:unquestioned loyalty to Paris.
4084:American LGBT rights activists
2242:. tumblr.com. March 26, 2012.
2120:(2). New York Media, LLC: 21.
1384:Sharon, Edelson (2017-03-02).
897:American Civil Liberties Union
145:(1953–1985; Gernreich's death)
1:
4094:20th-century American artists
3782:Focus: A Journal for Lesbians
3524:Metropolitan Community Church
2873:Moore, Beth (June 28, 2003).
2010:Suzy Menkes (July 18, 1993).
1796:"Rudi Gernreich in the 1950s"
1296:Kalter, Suzy (May 25, 1981).
517:He worked closely with model
4029:California people in fashion
2950:"Rudi Gernreich (1922-1985)"
2596:. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
2561:Dosti, Rose (June 6, 1985).
2504:Mau, Dhani (10 April 2014).
1988:. Gernreich.steirischerbst.
1907:"On Exhibit: The Total Look"
1266:"The Story Behind the Lines"
1125:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
946:for Outstanding Lead Actor.
555:Bella Lewitzky Dance Company
482:In its December 1962 issue,
436:Fashion as social commentary
124:Avant-garde clothing designs
3640:Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon
2752:Woo, Elaine (May 5, 1999).
1417:The New York Times Magazine
1327:Bolz, Diane (30 May 2019).
1264:Bay, Cody (June 16, 2010).
1095:Schmidt, Christine (2012).
916:In 2009, Gernreich and the
4130:
4044:American costume designers
4024:Austrian fashion designers
4019:American fashion designers
2532:"Rudi Gernreich Biografie"
2162:Metropolitan Museum of Art
2146:. Black Dog and Leventhal.
1580:Reilly, Edward J. (2003).
1541:Reilly, Edward J. (2003).
962:Metropolitan Museum of Art
635:In January, 1965, he told
580:
441:to reduce the stigma of a
271:Cedars of Lebanon Hospital
3972:Minorities Research Group
3952:Garden of Allah (cabaret)
3859:MANual Enterprises v. Day
2479:"The Rudi Gernreich Book"
2266:"No-Bra (Rudi Gernreich)"
1960:"The Rudi Gernreich Book"
1880:"The Rudi Gernreich Book"
1488:"The Rudi Gernreich Book"
867:, future chairman of the
821:cases and garnished with
28:
4064:Jewish fashion designers
4049:Artists from Los Angeles
3884:Compton's Cafeteria riot
3549:Student Homophile League
3544:Society for Human Rights
2292:"The "No-Bra" Brassiere"
2240:"The Bullet Bra is Back"
1739:Ahern, Jo (1956-06-04).
938:in February 2010. Actor
717:Skirball Cultural Center
458:Impact on fashion design
275:Los Angeles City College
94:Los Angeles City College
3504:Homophile Action League
3484:Columbia Queer Alliance
3380:Other associated people
3277:Giorgio di Sant' Angelo
3057:Exhibition on Gernreich
2327:The Rudi Gernreich Book
2041:Shteir, Rachel (2004).
1444:Now, Launch Your Career
863:In 1953, Gernreich met
591:, which he called the "
259:Los Angeles, California
126:Early supporter of the
4079:Austrian LGBTQ artists
4069:LGBT fashion designers
3866:Fun Lounge police raid
1798:. September 27, 2010.
1713:. The Gale Group Inc.
1236:"Rudi Gernreich: Bold"
1202:"Fabulous Dead People"
979:for ÂŁ1,250 ($ 2,075).
838:
731:Awards and recognition
646:
419:
295:
3832:Pullman porter affair
3287:Diane von FĂĽrstenberg
2818:registration required
2630:"Harry Hay Interview"
2216:. February 17, 2012.
836:
567:Changes & Choices
553:and costumes for the
507:Cincinnati Art Museum
413:
292:
4059:American gay artists
3983:Oscar Wilde Bookshop
3927:Athletic Model Guild
3826:Harvard Secret Court
3612:Daughters of Bilitis
3514:Knights of the Clock
3494:Daughters of Bilitis
3413:Clothing terminology
3323:sportswear designers
3105:sportswear designers
2077:(January 18, 1965).
944:Lucille Lortel Award
213:couple who lived in
3852:Cooper Do-nuts Riot
3845:One, Inc. v. Olesen
3820:Newport sex scandal
3731:Richard L. Schlegel
3423:History of clothing
3096:American sportswear
2089:on November 5, 2013
1986:"Gernreich biodata"
1772:November 25, 2012.
347:Genesco Corporation
4109:Mattachine Society
3962:Henry Gerber House
3947:Homophile movement
3681:Charles Henri Ford
3564:Mattachine Society
3519:Mattachine Society
2791:The New York Times
2536:Steirischer Herbst
2190:. March 24, 2015.
2083:Sports Illustrated
2016:The New York Times
1966:on August 10, 2014
1940:on October 7, 2015
1860:on October 6, 2015
1834:on January 7, 2014
1828:Sports Illustrated
1519:Women’s Wear Daily
1494:on August 10, 2014
1391:Women's Wear Daily
1206:The New York Times
923:The Temperamentals
918:Mattachine Society
903:In popular culture
858:Mattachine Society
839:
797:On April 2, 2012,
755:Women's Wear Daily
743:Sports Illustrated
738:Sports Illustrated
709:Phoenix Art Museum
622:permissive society
616:Women's Wear Daily
512:Yves Saint Laurent
485:Sports Illustrated
420:
418:by Rudi Gernreich.
401:Yves Saint Laurent
368:Women's Wear Daily
296:
199:Mattachine Society
128:Mattachine Society
37:Mattachine Society
4006:
4005:
3431:
3430:
3408:The American Look
3122:Louella Ballerino
3039:on March 15, 2009
2879:Los Angeles Times
2860:Los Angeles Times
2785:(March 1, 2010).
2757:Los Angeles Times
2738:978-0-807070-80-2
2680:978-0-226142-65-4
2567:Los Angeles Times
2464:Los Angeles Times
2405:. 3 December 2018
2337:978-3-822871-97-3
2330:. Köln: Taschen.
2114:New York Magazine
2079:"The Nudity Cult"
1741:"Claire and Rudi"
1711:"Gernreich, Rudi"
1554:978-0-313312-61-8
1359:Los Angeles Times
1067:"Gernreich, Rudi"
1016:Los Angeles Times
955:Comme des Garcons
788:Los Angeles Times
677:Mary Phelps Jacob
241:After the German
231:Ladislaus Czettel
149:
148:
108:Years active
4121:
3957:Julius (NYC bar)
3937:Black Cat Tavern
3838:Hazel's Inn raid
3696:Aristide Laurent
3625:Barbara Gittings
3458:
3451:
3444:
3435:
3350:Behnaz Sarafpour
3345:Proenza Schouler
3282:Carolyn Schnurer
3257:Claire McCardell
3089:
3082:
3075:
3066:
3061:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3035:. Archived from
3017:
3002:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2893:
2887:
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2870:
2864:
2863:
2851:
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2844:
2842:
2840:
2821:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2668:
2655:
2649:
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2645:
2625:
2616:
2615:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2558:
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2551:
2549:
2547:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2518:
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2501:
2495:
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2475:
2469:
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2455:
2449:
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2441:
2435:
2434:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2348:. Archived from
2322:Claxton, William
2314:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2139:
2130:
2129:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2085:. Archived from
2071:
2065:
2064:
2048:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1962:. Archived from
1956:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1936:. Archived from
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1882:. Archived from
1876:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1856:. Archived from
1850:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1821:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1792:
1786:
1785:
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1755:
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1736:
1727:
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1706:
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1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1490:. Archived from
1484:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1457:
1448:
1447:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1408:
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1401:
1399:
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1381:
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1351:
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1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1293:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1261:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1231:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1197:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1160:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1092:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1063:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1007:
936:New World Stages
873:Jean-Paul Sartre
589:topless swimsuit
472:Claire McCardell
422:He designed the
389:Baby Jane Holzer
168:fashion designer
119:Designer of the
103:Fashion designer
84:, California, US
77:
58:
56:
49:Rudolf Gernreich
33:
19:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4009:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3967:LGBTQ movements
3915:
3910:The Homosexuals
3889:
3872:Annual Reminder
3808:
3755:
3654:
3606:
3558:
3472:
3469:Stonewall riots
3462:
3432:
3427:
3396:
3375:
3366:Popover (dress)
3359:Notable designs
3354:
3322:
3316:
3197:Elizabeth Hawes
3152:Jeanne Campbell
3147:Stephen Burrows
3104:
3098:
3093:
3059:
3042:
3040:
3031:
2984:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2959:
2957:
2948:
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2943:
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2931:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2907:
2905:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2853:
2852:
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2838:
2836:
2822:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2800:
2798:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2764:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2739:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2706:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2643:
2641:
2634:The Progressive
2627:
2626:
2619:
2604:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2576:
2574:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2545:
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2529:
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2524:
2514:
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2503:
2502:
2498:
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2423:
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2408:
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2223:
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2212:
2211:
2207:
2197:
2195:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2141:
2140:
2133:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2092:
2090:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2061:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1995:
1993:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1969:
1967:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1943:
1941:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1916:
1914:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1889:
1887:
1886:on May 15, 2012
1878:
1877:
1873:
1863:
1861:
1852:
1851:
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1835:
1823:
1822:
1815:
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1803:
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1779:
1777:
1768:
1767:
1758:
1749:
1747:
1738:
1737:
1730:
1720:
1718:
1709:Cox, Caroline.
1708:
1707:
1698:
1689:
1687:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1650:"Reviving Rudi"
1647:
1646:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1617:
1616:
1605:
1594:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1564:
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1540:
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1535:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1497:
1495:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1471:
1469:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1442:Carpino, Paul.
1441:
1440:
1436:
1426:
1424:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1396:
1394:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1338:
1336:
1333:Moment Magazine
1326:
1325:
1321:
1311:
1309:
1295:
1294:
1285:
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1273:
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1262:
1255:
1245:
1243:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1199:
1198:
1183:
1173:
1171:
1162:
1161:
1138:
1129:
1127:
1121:"Fashion Icons"
1119:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1076:
1074:
1065:
1064:
1035:
1025:
1023:
1009:
1008:
989:
985:
905:
865:Oreste Pucciani
831:
815:
733:
705:Elizabeth Hawes
697:
658:
585:
579:
523:William Claxton
468:André Courrèges
460:
438:
393:André Courrèges
360:Montgomery Ward
340:Renée Firestone
287:
239:
207:
143:Oreste Pucciani
141:
125:
123:
90:Alma mater
85:
79:
75:
66:
60:
54:
52:
51:
50:
40:
35:Gernreich at a
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4127:
4125:
4117:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
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4031:
4026:
4021:
4011:
4010:
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4001:
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3990:
3985:
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3959:
3954:
3949:
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3934:
3929:
3923:
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3917:
3916:
3914:
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3897:
3895:
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3392:Dorothy Shaver
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3202:Tommy Hilfiger
3199:
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3187:Rudi Gernreich
3184:
3179:
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3169:
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3132:Geoffrey Beene
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3021:Rudi Gernreich
3018:
3006:Rudi Gernreich
3003:
2992:Rudi Gernreich
2989:
2988: Brassiere
2973:
2972:External links
2970:
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2915:
2888:
2865:
2846:
2829:New York Times
2808:
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2659:D'Emilio, John
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2467:. 17 May 2019.
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2318:Moffitt, Peggy
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889:West Hollywood
830:
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807:Seventh Avenue
732:
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696:
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662:Exquisite Form
657:
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637:Gloria Steinem
581:Main article:
578:
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544:Lily of France
459:
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424:Moonbase Alpha
397:Emanuel Ungaro
286:
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279:Seventh Avenue
238:
237:Jewish refugee
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116:Known for
113:
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91:
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86:
80:
78:(aged 62)
74:April 21, 1985
72:
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59:August 8, 1922
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34:
26:
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23:Rudi Gernreich
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3477:Organizations
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3302:Emily Wilkens
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3142:Donald Brooks
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3117:Bill Atkinson
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2705:0-8050-3629-6
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2603:0-8070-7080-7
2599:
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2538:(in German).
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2447:. 8 May 2019.
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2352:on 2015-03-15
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2268:. Skooldays.
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829:Personal life
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569:in 1981, and
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416:(Space: 1999)
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39:meeting, 1951
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3993:Tavern Guild
3902:The Rejected
3900:
3857:
3843:
3801:
3794:
3787:
3780:
3773:
3768:The Advocate
3766:
3760:Publications
3746:Randy Wicker
3741:Parker Tyler
3701:W. Dorr Legg
3691:Morris Kight
3686:Henry Gerber
3676:Arthur Evans
3645:Ruth Simpson
3602:Jack Nichols
3597:Frank Kameny
3582:James Gruber
3576:
3321:21st century
3267:Clare Potter
3252:Vera Maxwell
3242:Ralph Lauren
3237:Michael Kors
3232:Calvin Klein
3212:Norma Kamali
3186:
3177:Anne Fogarty
3162:Kenneth Cole
3137:Tom Brigance
3127:Jhane Barnes
3103:20th century
3041:. Retrieved
3037:the original
2958:. Retrieved
2944:
2932:. Retrieved
2918:
2906:. Retrieved
2891:
2878:
2868:
2859:
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2837:. Retrieved
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2790:
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2575:. Retrieved
2566:
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2513:. Retrieved
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2487:. Retrieved
2473:
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2407:. Retrieved
2397:
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2374:
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2354:. Retrieved
2350:the original
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2300:. Retrieved
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2274:. Retrieved
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2248:. Retrieved
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2222:. Retrieved
2208:
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2182:
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2152:
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2113:
2103:
2091:. Retrieved
2087:the original
2082:
2069:
2044:
2036:
2024:. Retrieved
2015:
2005:
1994:. Retrieved
1980:
1968:. Retrieved
1964:the original
1954:
1942:. Retrieved
1938:the original
1927:
1915:. Retrieved
1900:
1888:. Retrieved
1884:the original
1874:
1862:. Retrieved
1858:the original
1848:
1836:. Retrieved
1832:the original
1827:
1804:. Retrieved
1790:
1778:. Retrieved
1748:. Retrieved
1744:
1719:. Retrieved
1688:. Retrieved
1683:
1674:
1654:The Advocate
1653:
1628:. Retrieved
1582:
1575:
1563:. Retrieved
1543:
1536:
1517:
1508:
1496:. Retrieved
1492:the original
1482:
1470:. Retrieved
1443:
1437:
1425:. Retrieved
1416:
1406:
1395:. Retrieved
1389:
1379:
1367:. Retrieved
1358:
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1024:. Retrieved
1015:
966:
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951:Rei Kawakubo
948:
940:Michael Urie
932:off-Broadway
921:
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371:, alongside
366:
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328:Morris Nagel
325:
309:
304:modern dance
297:
247:Nazi Germany
240:
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76:(1985-04-21)
4039:1985 deaths
4034:1922 births
3874:(1965–1969)
3736:Drew Shafer
3726:José Sarria
3716:Clark Polak
3666:Merton Bird
3635:Kay Lahusen
3222:Muriel King
3217:Donna Karan
3207:Marc Jacobs
3172:Perry Ellis
3060:(in German)
3043:December 8,
3023:at pHinnWeb
2960:January 21,
2934:October 23,
2908:October 15,
2510:Fashionista
2224:October 12,
2093:January 14,
1970:January 11,
1838:January 23,
1806:October 13,
1721:October 13,
1656:(847): 74.
1498:October 21,
1472:October 14,
1464:. Haaretz.
1369:October 28,
1312:January 14,
1276:January 22,
1174:October 14,
893:lung cancer
825:and lemon.
721:Los Angeles
695:Exhibitions
559:Pas de Bach
476:avant-garde
429:Space: 1999
377:Tiger Morse
354:, in 1966.
223:World War I
205:Early years
172:avant-garde
140:(1950–1952)
82:Los Angeles
4013:Categories
3803:Vice Versa
3789:The Ladder
3711:Troy Perry
3371:Wrap dress
3297:John Weitz
3247:Tina Leser
3227:Anne Klein
2980:US 3338242
2801:August 20,
2644:2009-04-26
2577:August 20,
2546:August 20,
2515:October 8,
2409:2 December
2356:2015-05-30
2198:October 5,
2158:"Pubikini"
2075:Smith, Liz
2026:August 11,
1996:2012-11-12
1944:October 6,
1917:October 6,
1864:October 6,
1780:October 8,
1750:2021-01-11
1690:2022-01-03
1630:October 6,
1565:August 11,
1528:1564944345
1397:2021-06-25
1246:October 7,
1216:August 11,
1130:2023-12-02
1026:October 8,
983:References
977:Christie's
969:Christie's
851:entrapment
819:red pepper
813:Later life
650:pubic hair
464:Balenciaga
405:Mary Quant
321:Balenciaga
134:Partner(s)
100:Occupation
55:1922-08-08
3988:The Patch
3706:Bob Mizer
3650:Ada Bello
3587:Harry Hay
3534:ONE, Inc.
3340:Zac Posen
3335:Mary Ping
3330:Derek Lam
3292:Vera Wang
2767:March 18,
2489:March 18,
2346:717817845
2324:(1999) .
2302:March 18,
2276:March 19,
2172:March 16,
2126:0028-7369
1890:March 18,
1662:0001-8996
1583:The 1960s
1544:The 1960s
1427:March 18,
1077:March 20,
928:Jon Maran
899:in 1988.
843:Harry Hay
766:Seventeen
565:in 1979,
243:Anschluss
166:American
160:Gernreich
138:Harry Hay
111:1950–1985
65:, Austria
4074:Gay Jews
3912:" (1967)
3620:Lisa Ben
3572:Hal Call
3401:See also
3182:Tom Ford
2954:Archived
2928:Archived
2902:Archived
2883:Archived
2839:July 12,
2833:Archived
2795:Archived
2761:Archived
2714:34731659
2661:(1983).
2638:Archived
2612:33333896
2571:Archived
2540:Archived
2483:Archived
2381:Archived
2376:Playgirl
2296:Archived
2270:Archived
2244:Archived
2218:Archived
2192:Archived
2166:Archived
2020:Archived
1990:Archived
1911:Archived
1800:Archived
1774:Archived
1715:Archived
1666:Archived
1624:Archived
1598:Archived
1559:Archived
1524:ProQuest
1466:Archived
1421:Archived
1363:Archived
1306:Archived
1270:Archived
1240:Archived
1210:Archived
1168:Archived
1071:Archived
1020:Archived
847:The Call
803:New York
723:created
593:Monokini
583:Monokini
577:Monokini
571:Confines
561:in 1977,
494:monokini
294:Angeles.
184:monokini
121:monokini
3920:Related
3894:Film/TV
3418:Fashion
3192:Halston
2977:Patent
2530:Staff.
2387:May 30,
2250:May 30,
1339:14 June
973:Doyle's
887:around
885:Bentley
760:Glamour
713:Phoenix
688:maillot
604:maillot
563:Rituals
265:in the
263:autopsy
219:Austria
3905:(1961)
3886:(1966)
3880:(1966)
3868:(1964)
3862:(1962)
3854:(1959)
3848:(1958)
3840:(1956)
3834:(1940)
3828:(1920)
3822:(1919)
3813:Events
3659:Others
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551:Redken
535:unisex
514:did."
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285:Career
267:morgue
255:nudity
251:Hitler
245:(when
215:Vienna
211:Jewish
180:unisex
170:whose
152:Rudolf
63:Vienna
3539:PRIDE
3529:NACHO
3467:(pre–
3312:Zoran
2053:–21.
881:Gucci
711:, in
443:naked
3974:(UK)
3775:Drum
3499:ECHO
3112:Adri
3045:2008
3010:IMDb
2962:2013
2936:2015
2910:2015
2841:2011
2803:2012
2769:2013
2733:ISBN
2710:OCLC
2700:ISBN
2675:ISBN
2608:OCLC
2598:ISBN
2579:2012
2548:2012
2517:2015
2491:2013
2411:2023
2389:2015
2342:OCLC
2332:ISBN
2304:2013
2278:2013
2252:2015
2226:2015
2200:2015
2174:2014
2122:ISSN
2095:2013
2055:ISBN
2028:2013
1972:2013
1946:2015
1919:2015
1892:2013
1866:2015
1840:2013
1808:2015
1782:2015
1723:2015
1684:Life
1658:ISSN
1632:2015
1588:ISBN
1567:2013
1549:ISBN
1500:2015
1474:2015
1429:2013
1371:2016
1341:2019
1314:2013
1278:2013
1248:2015
1218:2013
1176:2015
1101:ISBN
1079:2013
1028:2015
869:UCLA
799:Time
763:and
629:Look
598:Look
499:Time
451:Life
317:Fath
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156:Rudi
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