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536:. The mahaviharas formed a network; "all of them were under state supervision" and there existed "a system of co-ordination among them ... it seems from the evidence that the different seats of Buddhist learning that functioned in eastern India under the Pāla were regarded together as forming a network, an interlinked group of institutions," and it was common for great scholars to move easily from position to position among them.
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751:(1938). Dikhsit was concerned with documentation of the archaeological findings and concentrated on their interpretation and analysis. He attempted to suggest a probable architectural treatment of the missing parts of the structure through studying the archaeological remains. Till today, this study is considered as the most authentic record of the Sompur Mahavihara.
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Prudence R. Myer published the first of such studies in 1969 as a journal paper, in which she proposed the missing superstructure as a stupa and illustrated the possible three-dimensional articulations. Myer embarked on her proposal through a diachronic study of the stupa and stupa shrines in India.
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temples of Burma, Java and
Cambodia, reproducing the cruciform basement, terraced structure with inset chambers and gradually dwindling pyramid form ... during the age of the Palas some sort of intercourse between eastern India and south-east Asia existed." Another commented, "there can be no doubt
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led by
Mohammed Ali Naqi has proposed another theoretical reconstruction of the central structure as well as some parts of the peripheral block (mainly the entrance hall) in 1999. This work was also presented in the "International Seminar on Elaboration of an Archaeological Research Strategy for
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The purpose of this central structure at the midst of the courtyard remains unsolved since its discovery. Hence, most of the debates generated hitherto on the architecture of Sompur
Mahavihara are centered on the identification its missing superstructure. The reason may be manifold, but the most
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in the second half of the 12th century the vihara started to decline for the last time. One scholar writes, "The ruins of the temple and monasteries at Pāhāpur do not bear any evident marks of large-scale destruction. The downfall of the establishment, by desertion or destruction, must have been
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Alam, A. K. M. Masud; Xie, Shucheng; Saha, Dilip Kumar; Chowdhury, Sifatul Quader (2007). "Clay mineralogy of archaeological soil: an approach to paleoclimatic and environmental reconstruction of the archaeological sites of the
Paharpur area, Badalgacchi upazila, Naogaon district, Bangladesh".
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Paharpur World
Heritage Site and Its Environment" jointly organised by UNESCO and Department of Archaeology of Bangladesh in 2004. Muhammad Ali Naqi proposed a temple-like spire at the top by considering the central mound as a 'Stupa-Shrine' with a 'Shikhara' type stupa in his reconstruction.
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important one is the non-availability of substantial amount of first-hand resource including a comprehensive architectural documentation at the disposal of the researchers. There are different arguments regarding the terminating top of the central structure of Sompur
Mahavihara.
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Consequently, most of the works done so far are mainly based on the findings of the archaeological excavation and studying the artefacts from the archaeological perspective. The first study on this monument with documentation was by archaeologist K. N. Dikhist in his
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of the vihara, Mahapanditacharya
Bodhibhadra served as a resident monk, and other scholars spent part of their lives at the monastery, including Kalamahapada, Viryendra and Karunashrimitra. Many Tibetan monks visited the Somapura between the 9th and 12th centuries.
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the core of Pahāŗpur vihāra was similar to pañcharatna temple crown and with four more crowns over the maņdapas it should have looked like the Ānanda temple of Pagan; however, due to its earlier construction period its appearance was more flat than the Ānanda
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in the centre. The rooms were used by the monks for accommodation and meditation. In addition to the large number of stupas and shrines of various sizes and shapes, terracotta plaques, stone sculptures, inscriptions, coins, ceramics etc. have been discovered.
796:." Furthermore, poor water drainage accompanied by high levels of salinity in the soils has contributed to decay the terracotta sculptures. Other threats include uncontrolled vegetation, vandalism, climate conditions, and public trespassing and encroachment.
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alike. The 8.5-hectare (21-acre) complex has 177 cells, viharas, numerous stupas, temples and a number of other ancillary buildings. The outside walls with ornamental terracotta plaques still display the influence of these three religions.
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that this style of architecture has most profoundly influenced that of Burma, Java and
Cambodia. The nearest approximation to the plan and the superstructure of the Paharpur temple is afforded by the temples known as
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artworks in the site have suffered from serious damage as a result of "lack of proper maintenance, shortage of manpower, fund constraint and heavy rainfall And the major problem is the corruption of
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in 1985. Since then, a series of UNESCO missions has regularly visited the site and helped with the project. Moreover, the UN body prepared a master plan, involving US$ 5.6 million.
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A copperplate dated to 159 Gupta Era (479 AD) discovered in 1927 in the northeast corner of the monastery, mentions donation of a
Brahmin couple to Jain Acharya Guhanandi of
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The site houses the architectural remains of a vast
Buddhist monastery, Somapura Mahavihara, covering 11 hectares (27 acres). It was an important intellectual centre for
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She took Sompura Mahavihara as an example to elaborate her study and produced a conjectural restoration of the central structure in support of her analysis.
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In acreage, Somapura was the largest of the mahaviharas. According to Sukumar Dutt, the complex was dominated by a temple, which was strongly reminiscent of
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and Buddhism. Though the Kaivarta regime did not seem to suffer any loss, a part of the Mahavihara was destroyed by fire set by Jatvarma's army.
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In 2012 Mohammad Habib Reza through a contextual analysis of the early Buddhist architecture of Bengal in his doctoral thesis proposes:
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Naqi, Md. Ali; Islam, Ziaul; Bhuyan, Md. Shoeb; Gomes, Catherine Daisy (1999), "The virtual reconstruction of Paharpur vihara",
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The second work was published around thirty years after Myer's proposition. A team of architects from
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Early Buddhist Architecture of Bengal: Morphological study on the vihāras of c. 3rd to 8th centuries
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and is one of the most important archaeological sites in the country. It was designated as a UNESCO
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Buddhist Monks and Monasteries of India: Their History and Their Contribution to Indian Culture
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Buddhist Monks and Monasteries of India: Their History and Their Contribution to Indian Culture
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Buddhist Monks and Monasteries of India: Their History and Their Contribution to Indian Culture
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Buddhist Monks and Monasteries of India: Their History and Their Contribution to Indian Culture
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Buddhist Monks and Monasteries of India: Their History and Their Contribution to Indian Culture
591:. The Paharpur pillar inscription bears the mention of 5th regnal year of Devapala's successor
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sometime in the midst of the widespread unrest and displacement of population consequent on
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Team members were Md Ali Naqi, Ziaul Islam, Md. Shoeb Bhuiyan and Catherine Daisy Gomes
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Pharapur Buddhist Vihara from Department of Archeology, Government of Bangladesh
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in 1985. It is one of the most famous examples of architecture in pre-Islamic
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The excavation at Paharpur, and the finding of seals bearing the inscription
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The quadrangular structure consists of 177 cells and a traditional Buddhist
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1081:. Translated by Hood, John W. Orient Longman. pp. 185, 331, 353.
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at Vata Gohli, identifiable as the neighbouring village of Goalapara.
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Shri-Somapure-Shri-Dharmapaladeva-Mahavihariyarya-bhiksu-sangghasya
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850–854) along with the name of Bhiksu Ajayagarbha. Taranatha's
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More info,images, videos, 360degree panoramic views and more
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records that the monastery was repaired during the reign of
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A number of monasteries grew up during the Pāla period in
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Myer, Prudence R. (1961). "Stupas and Stupa-Shrines".
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Paharpur, Memoirs of Archaeological Survey in India
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977:Vajrayogini: Her Visualization, Rituals, and Forms
1058:Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
958:Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
1484:"Salinity and Neglect Ruin Paharpur Terracotta"
1078:History of the Bengali People (Ancient Period)
269:Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara Aloo at Paharpur
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1195:. Delhi: Associated Book Agency. p. 44.
1139:. University of Minnesota Press. p. 15.
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563:sources, including Tibetan translations of
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1681:Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics
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912:List of archaeological sites in Bangladesh
882:List of World Heritage Sites in Bangladesh
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1482:Bilu, Hasibur Rahman (15 December 2007).
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813:Structures in Somapura Mahavihara complex
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1411:Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur
668:
633:Over time Atisha's spiritual preceptor,
587:810–850) built it after his conquest of
363:Show map of Bangladesh Rajshahi division
27:Ancient Buddhist monastery in Bangladesh
18:Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur
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622:in 11th century with hostility towards
473:. It dates from a period to the nearby
1461:Bilu, Hasibur Rahman (25 April 2009).
887:List of Buddhist viharas in Bangladesh
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2134:Former populated places in Bangladesh
524:, the premier university of the era;
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7:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1463:"World Heritage Site Left in Ruins"
1400:(PhD). Nottingham Trent University.
1136:The Art of Eastern India: 300 – 800
2139:World Heritage Sites in Bangladesh
2129:Buddhist universities and colleges
2119:Buddhist monasteries in Bangladesh
2114:Archaeological sites in Bangladesh
1193:History and Philosophy of Buddhism
892:List of colossal sculpture in situ
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1365:10.53808/KUS.1999.1.2.187-204-se
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356:Location of Paharpur Vihara in
45:needs additional citations for
1445:Article on Somapura Mahavihara
948:Rahman, SS Mostafizur (2012).
508:in the eastern regions of the
1:
1394:Reza, Mohammad Habib (2012).
1062:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
962:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
2124:Buddhist sites in Bangladesh
2109:Medieval Indian universities
2104:8th-century Buddhist temples
1133:Asher, Frederick M. (1980).
837:Sompur Mahavihara (Paharpur)
975:English, Elizabeth (2002).
438:
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1797:Ancient-Medieval sites in
1560:centres of higher learning
1223:(8). Springer: 1639–1650.
1191:Singh, Sheo Kumar (1982).
1056:; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.).
956:; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.).
861:Model by Mohammed Ali Naqi
778:Somapura was designated a
259:UNESCO World Heritage Site
163:View of the central shrine
1654:Other centres of learning
1566:Major centres of learning
1432:27 September 2007 at the
1352:Khulna University Studies
1229:10.1007/s00254-007-0771-1
1075:Ray, Niharranjan (1994).
849:Bottom of Central Shrine
825:Paharpur with green grass
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137:Paharpur Buddhist Vihara
1449:Encyclopædia Britannica
1284:Dutt, Sukumar (1988) .
1250:Dutt, Sukumar (1988) .
1160:Dutt, Sukumar (1988) .
1102:Dutt, Sukumar (1988) .
1004:Dutt, Sukumar (1988) .
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439:Pāhāṛpur baud'dha bihār
1048:Chowdhury, AM (2012).
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461:or monasteries in the
391:Show map of Bangladesh
243:Architectural style(s)
220:24 m (80 ft)
2018:Chandrapur University
1751:Vidyalankara Pirivena
1726:Sunethradevi Pirivena
1217:Environmental Geology
1050:"Somapura Mahavihara"
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431:পাহাড়পুর বৌদ্ধ বিহার
201:25.03111°N 88.97694°E
151:পাহাড়পুর বৌদ্ধ বিহার
69:"Somapura Mahavihara"
2033:Jagaddala Mahavihara
1014:. pp. 352–353.
902:Wari-Bateshwar ruins
716:Chandi Loro Jongrang
54:improve this article
2068:Somapura Mahavihara
1516:World Heritage Site
1292:Motilal Banarsidass
1258:Motilal Banarsidass
1168:Motilal Banarsidass
1110:Motilal Banarsidass
1060:(Second ed.).
1012:Motilal Banarsidass
981:Wisdom Publications
960:(Second ed.).
783:World Heritage Site
659:Pancha-stupa Nikaya
652:the Muslim invasion
510:Indian subcontinent
467:World Heritage Site
463:Indian Subcontinent
403:Somapura Mahavihara
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1756:Vidyodaya Pirivena
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70:
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65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
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43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
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2023:Halud Vihara
1910:Karnasubarna
1820:Ballal Dhipi
1642:
1637:Vikramashila
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1427:UNESCO Dhaka
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1323:(1): 25–34.
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584:
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557:Pāla Dynasty
555:781–821) of
552:
544:
542:
522:Vikramashila
503:
475:Halud Vihara
426:
402:
401:
360:, Bangladesh
321:Asia-Pacific
237:Dharama Pala
175:, Bangladesh
142:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2144:Pala Empire
2078:Vasu Vihara
1895:Jagjivanpur
1807:West Bengal
1671:Kanchipuram
1588:Nandadirghi
1506:UNESCO Link
738:Aerial view
720:Chandi Sevu
477:and to the
444:Badalgachhi
204: /
180:Coordinates
143:Native name
2098:Categories
2028:Gokul Medh
2008:Bhitargarh
2000:Bangladesh
1975:Tamralipta
1925:Mongalkote
1920:Moghalmari
1885:Gobindapur
1696:Manyakheta
1602:Pushpagiri
1595:Odantapuri
936:References
794:Bangladesh
790:terracotta
774:Protection
549:Dharmapala
530:Odantapurā
471:Bangladesh
452:Bangladesh
429:(Bengali:
290:Designated
192:88°58′37″E
189:25°01′52″N
110:March 2012
80:newspapers
2073:Sonargaon
2043:Mainamati
1960:Saptagram
1860:Debalgarh
1840:Bharatpur
1736:Udayagiri
1711:Ratnagiri
1686:Lalitgiri
1644:Jagaddala
1382:253543061
1374:1563-0897
1290:. Delhi:
1256:. Delhi:
1237:129426067
1166:. Delhi:
1108:. Delhi:
1010:. Delhi:
907:Bhitagarh
724:Prambanam
691:Buddhists
618:attacked
573:Taranatha
534:Jaggadala
416:romanized
285:i, ii, iv
233:Built for
217:Elevation
1970:Sutanuti
1940:Pakhanna
1915:Mahisdal
1900:Kalikata
1865:Deulpota
1845:Haraipur
1746:Varanasi
1741:Ujjayini
1630:Vallabhi
1616:Somapura
1556:Ancient
1430:Archived
1201:59043590
876:See also
711:Buddhist
689:such as
673:Site map
639:sthavira
624:Kaivarta
620:Varendra
605:Mahipala
589:Varendra
581:Devapala
456:Buddhist
358:Rajshahi
282:Criteria
277:Cultural
169:Location
1985:Telkupi
1825:Bangarh
1701:Paithan
1676:Kanheri
1574:Nalanda
1558:Dharmic
1447:, from
1337:3249181
800:Gallery
769:temple.
561:Tibetan
526:Nalanda
518:Magadha
493:History
459:viharas
448:Naogaon
418::
407:Bengali
299:session
173:Naogaon
147:Bengali
94:scholar
1955:Rajpat
1950:Pandua
1935:Natsal
1930:Nanoor
1815:Bahiri
1799:Bengal
1691:Mansar
1661:Ajanta
1623:Taxila
1415:UNESCO
1380:
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1335:
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780:UNESCO
699:Hindus
532:; and
514:Bengal
317:Region
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1990:Tilpi
1980:Tanda
1965:Sijua
1880:Gauda
1875:Dhosa
1870:Dihar
1835:Betor
1378:S2CID
1333:JSTOR
1233:S2CID
1052:. In
952:. In
918:Notes
707:Hindu
695:Jains
679:stupa
628:Divya
626:king
609:circa
597:circa
585:circa
553:circa
538:Atisa
425:) or
297:(9th
225:Built
101:JSTOR
87:books
1905:Kana
1370:ISSN
1296:ISBN
1262:ISBN
1197:OCLC
1172:ISBN
1141:ISBN
1114:ISBN
1083:ISBN
1016:ISBN
985:ISBN
788:The
718:and
697:and
567:and
516:and
294:1985
274:Type
247:Pala
73:news
1360:doi
1325:doi
1225:doi
722:of
654:."
485:of
481:in
311:322
56:by
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117:(
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84:·
77:·
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20:)
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