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muscle (pushes the heel down, raises the front of the foot) more as a prime mover than a shock absorber. When running backward downhill, the ball of the foot is used whereas forward downhill running uses mainly the heel to absorb the force. This requires more coordination and therefore develops brain
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or alternative mixed running. Some believe that running backwards helps balance out the strain brought on by normal running. Reversing the direction works the friction of tissues oppositely. Running flat or uphill, the heel is used to push off rather than the ball of the foot as normally occurs with
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Backward running adds another dimension to running, and when complemented by sidestepping in both directions (with and without crossovers front and behind intermittently) covers the essential dimensions of human movement on the two-dimensional plane. Diagonal movement as well as curving running (as
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Running backwards down a hill is more dangerous, and it is advised that someone learn how to drop into a backward roll before attempting it, to deal with any resulting tripping or loss of balance in the prone movement. Although the distance to the ground is greater running downhill backwards, the
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Other advantages to backward running are a reduction in fear related to the movement, a form of exercise that is naturally more reserved, gains in balance, and the general enjoyment resulting from entertaining activities like these. Due to constantly having to look behind oneself, or sometimes
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Running backwards up a hill is not very dangerous. It will always be at a lower speed due to the enhanced difficulty, and if one trips there is less of a distance towards the ground and it is easier to absorb the impact with the arms and buttocks so that the head is not as likely to hit.
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As the head faces forward, running backwards has the danger in that the runner cannot see anything on the ground or in the way of his or her path. Unlike forward running, it is also much more difficult to brace a backward fall or drop into a roll if one trips.
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While downhill backward running is essentially the reverse of uphill running, and uphill backward running of downhill running, they are different in that the fibres would fire differently due to differences in the isotonic motions. The former is an
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Backward running is a less-natural motion but can be accomplished with some speed with practice. It is better to start out backward walking (also called retropedaling), which is relatively easy, and increase speed over time. Like normal running,
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keeping the eyes fixed, people can learn to run with more neck mobility or without a straight look ahead. This can stress the neck muscles which can be dangerous if done too aggressively, but in the long term could lead to adaptations in them.
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incline makes it much easier to perform rolls in downhill running, than when running level ground, so it can be done more instinctively. This applies to backward running and the backroll as it does to front running and the front roll.
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BR had reduced PFJCF compared to FR. This was caused by an increased knee moment, due to differences in magnitude and location of the GRF vector relative to the knee. BR can therefore be used to exercise with decreased
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movement, and the latter is a concentric version of an eccentric movement. Both concentric and eccentric movements have advantages in training, which is why most weight lifters perform both for set times.
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Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common injury and increased patellofemoral joint compression forces (PFJCF) may aggravate symptoms. Backward running (BR) has been suggested for exercise with reduced PFJCF.
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backward running had significantly higher magnitude of coordination variability compared to forward running, signifying that more degrees of freedom were involved in backward running
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Mehdizadeh, S; Arshi, AR; Davids, K (July 2015). "Quantifying coordination and coordination variability in backward versus forward running: Implications for control of motion".
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201:, and more freedom of movement is possible with backward running due to less coordination. Training this way can also increase metabolic efficiency with forward running.
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Higbie, EJ; Cureton, KJ; Warren, GL; Prior, BM (1996). "Effects of concentric and eccentric training on muscle strength, cross-sectional area, and neural activation".
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With all forms there is an obvious backward lean relative to normal running's forward lean, which can shift the stress of the other muscle fibres a small degree.
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Ordway, JD; Laubach, LL; Vanderburgh, PM; Jackson, KJ (30 March 2016). "The
Effects of Backwards Running Training on Forward Running Economy in Trained Males".
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100 meters, 200 meters, 400 meters, 800 meters, 1500 meters, 3000 meters, 5000 meters, 10,000 meters, half marathon, marathon, 4 × 100 meters, 4 × 400 meters
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Turning the head around while running can generally eliminate the visual impediment, although it is awkward, limits speed, and may result in neck strain.
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100 meters, 200 meters, 400 meters, 800 meters, 1500 meters, 3000 meters, 5000 meters, 10,000 meters, half marathon, 4 × 100 meters, 4 × 400 meters
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100 meters, 200 meters, 400 meters, 800 meters, 1500 meters, 3000 meters, 5000 meters, 10,000 meters, half marathon, 4 × 100 meters, 4 × 400 meters
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Backwards running allows referees in sports such as football or rugby to continuously observe an area of play without interfering with play.
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100 meters, 200 meters, 400 meters, 800 meters, 1500 meters, 3000 meters, 5000 meters, 10,000 meters, 4 × 100 meters, 4 × 400 meters
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in reverse, so that one travels in the direction one's back is facing rather than one's front. It is classed as a
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More metabolic energy must be spent in the opposite case when muscle is forced to work against its basic property
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Practicing tumbling and exerting force in a backwards direction with the arms through various exercises like
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is done on long race tracks like 200 m and longer in the
Olympics) are additional forms of running.
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Backward motion is less energy efficient, but backward running can reduce
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may aid in stopping damage or injury from falls or stopping falls.
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Cavagna, GA; Legramandi, MA; La Torre, A (7 February 2011).
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backwards will add an additional degree of difficulty.
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Roos, PE; Barton, N; van
Deursen, RW (1 June 2012).
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62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
900:Barry T. Bates, PhD.'s website on retro locomotion
831:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
795:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
813:. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014
777:. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014
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727:Five weeks of BR training improved FR economy
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490:was released. It was executive produced by
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484:In 2012, an Australian comedy film called
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122:Learn how and when to remove this message
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138:A marathon participant running backwards
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920:Marcha Reversiva Brasil Pablo Galletto
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895:Backward Running and Walking in Japan
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878:http://www.tantecosemeravigliose.com
173:, the reverse of a normal movement.
60:adding citations to reliable sources
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865:7. IRR-Weltmeisterschaften 2018.
847:6. IRR-Weltmeisterschaften 2016.
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511:, as part of their debut album
246:power along with muscle power.
236:and backward running is called
47:needs additional citations for
925:Cupcake Classic Backwards Mile
915:Germany and World-Championship
669:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.05.006
616:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.03.020
1:
1730:Sport of athletics portal
741:Journal of Applied Physiology
241:forward running, working the
881:, retrieved 29 November 2016
854:, retrieved 29 November 2016
753:10.1152/jappl.1996.81.5.2173
707:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001153
1733: • Current
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432:7. IRR World Championships
411:6. IRR World Championships
382:5. IRR World Championships
361:4. IRR World Championships
340:3. IRR World Championships
319:2. IRR World Championships
298:1. IRR World Championships
232:The combination of normal
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527:Level and incline running
179:running up and down hills
27:Act of running in reverse
870:6 September 2021 at the
455:Notable backward runners
811:"retrorunningworld.org"
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1322:Distance medley relay
980:Cross country running
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852:retrorunning2016.com
322:20/21 September 2008
56:improve this article
1317:Sprint medley relay
1217:3000 m steeplechase
1206:2000 m steeplechase
910:Backward Running UK
695:J Strength Cond Res
277:World Championships
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815:. Retrieved
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657:Gait Posture
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301:10 June 2006
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54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
1480:Triple jump
990:Racewalking
817:18 February
781:18 February
467:Thomas Dold
326:Pietrasanta
309:Switzerland
284:Competition
218:crabwalking
1752:Categories
1556:Icosathlon
1533:Heptathlon
1459:Pole vault
1307:4 × 1500 m
533:References
347:Kapfenberg
293:Distances
256:concentric
82:newspapers
1737:shown in
1545:Decathlon
1539:Octathlon
1527:Hexathlon
1466:Long jump
1445:High jump
1302:4 × 800 m
1296:4 × 400 m
1290:4 × 200 m
1284:4 × 100 m
1228:Two miles
961:Athletics
604:J Biomech
397:Châtillon
252:eccentric
199:knee pain
1615:Marathon
1502:Combined
1486:standing
1472:standing
1451:standing
1396:Shot put
1368:20,000 m
1363:10,000 m
1312:4 × mile
1260:20,000 m
1254:10,000 m
1196:One mile
1054:straight
868:Archived
827:cite web
791:cite web
715:26332781
677:26021460
634:22503882
582:20719774
521:See also
305:Rotkreuz
290:Location
222:planches
1739:italics
1635:Walking
1572:Running
1515:women's
1417:Javelin
1341:Walking
1083:Hurdles
1007:Sprints
761:8941543
723:5555182
625:3391667
573:3013407
439:Bologna
422:Germany
351:Austria
205:Dangers
167:running
96:scholar
1669:100 km
1621:Ekiden
1520:throws
1410:Hammer
1403:Discus
1388:Throws
1358:5000 m
1353:3000 m
1275:Relays
1247:5000 m
1223:3200 m
1211:3000 m
1201:2000 m
1191:1600 m
1185:1500 m
1179:1000 m
964:events
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368:Lleida
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1689:Other
1664:50 mi
1659:50 km
1654:35 km
1648:20 km
1642:10 km
1604:25 km
1599:20 km
1594:10 mi
1589:15 km
1584:10 km
1437:Jumps
1381:Field
1173:800 m
1167:600 m
1162:500 m
1143:400 m
1137:300 m
1125:200 m
1119:110 m
1112:100 m
1073:440 y
1067:400 m
1061:300 m
1048:200 m
1042:150 m
1036:100 m
1030:100 y
999:Track
719:S2CID
475:(AUT)
469:(GER)
463:(GHA)
443:Italy
418:Essen
401:Italy
372:Spain
330:Italy
161:, or
103:JSTOR
89:books
1579:5 km
1565:Road
1348:Mile
1106:80 m
1101:60 m
1096:55 m
1091:50 m
1025:60 m
1020:55 m
1015:50 m
875:In:
850:In:
833:link
819:2022
797:link
783:2022
757:PMID
711:PMID
673:PMID
630:PMID
578:PMID
514:Amok
287:Date
75:news
1130:low
749:doi
703:doi
665:doi
620:PMC
612:doi
568:PMC
560:doi
556:278
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