239:. The roots of the Ruskin project can be found in the movement within American socialism at the time, towards the creation of new model colonies which would, in theory, challenge the American industrial system by creating ethical alternatives built in rural settings. The idea that new settlements such as Ruskin would eventually bring forth a revolution referred to as the "co-operative commonwealth" stood in contrast to socialists who believed that it was more important to do political and social organizing within the cities, the centers of industry. According to
287:, which was the primary source of financial stability. The majority of the colony's money and time was put into the paper, which had at its peak in 1896 around 60,000 subscribers. Besides being the chief flow of assets, the paper also gave voice to the people of the colony throughout its many editors. Although Julius Wayland almost single-handedly founded the colony, he left in 1895 due to conflicts about ownership of the newspaper that ran counter to his claims of collective ownership. Under Alfred S. Edwards, who succeeded Wayland,
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275:, Feb. 3, 1894) Ruskin colonists manufactured and marketed pants, "cereal coffee," a vapor bath cabinet, chewing gum, belts and suspenders. The system of work itself changed little from that of the world outside Ruskin, in terms of hours devoted to the various industries, however the hours, schedules and rates of pay, and industries selected were all determined by the workers. Ruskinites eventually abolished cash wages and adopted a system of
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However, after its first year in
Georgia, the number of colonists dropped by half. The new settlement, an old lumber mill, was not surrounded by the fertile land and good sources of water that the previous location had. Ruskinites were plagued with disease, unprofitable business ventures, and a
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over issues of property, with charter members who were now being pushed out of Ruskin seeking to dismantle the group through legal means. The final auction of the Ruskin Colony site at Cave Mills, and most of the communal property, left the remaining members with only a fraction of what they had
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which was used in exchange for goods within the colony. In securing their economic dependence, members of the settlement also gave ample time to creative crafts, theater, and other intellectual pursuits. At one time late in the history of the colony, there existed a band which toured southern
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The eventual breakup of the Ruskin colony was due to several elements, the most problematic being the unequal distribution of membership rights of colonists complicated by the "shareholder"-type initial investment fees. Much of the blame lay with the original
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spent five years struggling to build. The 240 members moved what they did have, which still included the newspaper and the printing apparatus for it, 613 miles on a chartered train to their new home in
Georgia, where they merged with the Duke Colony in
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247:: "The wastefulness and ugliness of competitive individualism, so glaringly apparent in late nineteenth-century cities, would be replaced by the efficient creation and collective control of wealth and technology" in this new settlement.
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from 1894 to 1896. The colony moved to a more permanent second settlement on an old farm five miles north from 1896 to 1899, and saw another brief incarnation near
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By requiring that all members of the colony become equal shareholders in the endeavor, Wayland constructed Ruskin so that it operated more as a legally-sanctioned
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currents that had been growing within the colony. This could be traced to Alfred Edward's editorial slant towards anarchism during his time as editor of
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Many of the products created in Ruskin were intended to supplement the income from the newspaper,
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to settle its debts. The Ruskin
Commonwealth was effectively disbanded in the autumn of 1901.
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continual slide into poverty that eventually led to the auction of the property by the county
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A Socialist Utopia in the New South: The Ruskin
Colonies in Tennessee and Georgia, 1894-1901.
299:, and Herbert Casson (who later took up the editorial reigns after Edwards left the colony).
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Francelia Butler, "The Ruskin
Commonwealth: A Unique Experiment in Marxian Socialism,"
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University and college buildings listed on the
National Register of Historic Places
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At its high point, the population was around 250. The colony was named after
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List of jails and prisons on the
National Register of Historic Places
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set it apart from many other similar utopian projects of the era.
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National
Register of Historic Places in Dickson County, Tennessee
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colony in the southern US at the end of the 19th century.
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History of the
National Register of Historic Places
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1013:National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee
575:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
99:Cannery operation in the Ruskin Cooperative, 1896
477:Last Days of the Ruskin Co-Operative Association
59:of the information in this article by providing
967:National Register of Historic Places portal
451:Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1996.
331:The colony eventually became mired in constant
472:By-Laws of the Ruskin Co-Operative Association
458:vol. 23, no. 4 (Dec. 1964), pp. 333–342.
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259:Strawberry Pickers Ruskin Cooperative, 1897
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515:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
176:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
83:Learn how and when to remove this message
1023:Utopian communities in the United States
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421:"National Register Information System"
356:The Ruskin Commongood Society platted
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1018:Populated places established in 1894
426:National Register of Historic Places
340:and formed the Ruskin Commonwealth.
291:included articles from the likes of
231:(1854-1912), a newspaper editor and
147:National Register of Historic Places
311:relationships, or the practice of "
245:A Socialist Utopia in the New South
930:National Historic Preservation Act
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227:The Ruskin Colony was founded by
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391:"The Ruskin Co-Operative Colony"
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456:Tennessee Historical Quarterly,
109:Ruskin Commonwealth Association
883:Federated States of Micronesia
529:Architectural style categories
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395:American Journal of Sociology
157:United States historic place
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935:Historic Preservation Fund
914:American Legation, Morocco
1003:Dickson County, Tennessee
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876:Lists by associated state
205:NRHP reference
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124:Dickson County, Tennessee
857:Northern Mariana Islands
297:Charlotte Perkins Gilman
229:Julius Augustus Wayland
852:Minor Outlying Islands
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549:Keeper of the Register
447:W. Fitzhugh Brundage,
360:on February 19, 1910.
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200:15 acres (6.1 ha)
136:Southern United States
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554:National Park Service
534:Contributing property
431:National Park Service
389:Braam, J. W. (1903).
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251:Cooperative economics
168:Ruskin Colony Grounds
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909:District of Columbia
241:W. Fitzhugh Brundage
118:It was located near
57:ensure the accuracy
269:board of directors
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191:Dickson, Tennessee
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321:The Coming Nation
289:The Coming Nation
285:The Coming Nation
273:The Coming Nation
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153:Origins and goals
113:utopian socialist
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221:October 29, 1974
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243:in the book
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187:Nearest city
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55:Please help
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998:Communalism
902:Other areas
862:Puerto Rico
696:Mississippi
611:Connecticut
338:Ware County
309:polyamorous
265:corporation
143:John Ruskin
992:Categories
811:Washington
731:New Mexico
726:New Jersey
601:California
333:litigation
821:Wisconsin
786:Tennessee
691:Minnesota
666:Louisiana
407:0002-9602
376:Footnotes
317:anarchist
313:free love
280:Georgia.
233:socialist
73:July 2014
977:Category
806:Virginia
756:Oklahoma
736:New York
711:Nebraska
701:Missouri
686:Michigan
676:Maryland
661:Kentucky
641:Illinois
616:Delaware
606:Colorado
596:Arkansas
460:In JSTOR
364:See also
212:74001911
128:Waycross
111:) was a
49:besides
923:Related
826:Wyoming
801:Vermont
706:Montana
646:Indiana
626:Georgia
621:Florida
591:Arizona
581:Alabama
352:Florida
346:sheriff
327:Georgia
237:Indiana
132:Georgia
761:Oregon
716:Nevada
656:Kansas
631:Hawaii
586:Alaska
522:Topics
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44:lacks
893:Palau
791:Texas
671:Maine
636:Idaho
277:scrip
235:from
847:Guam
796:Utah
751:Ohio
651:Iowa
403:ISSN
197:Area
107:(or
103:The
51:NRIS
207:No.
122:in
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