763:
100:
444:
321:
2546:
2179:
1994:
1596:
1484:
1452:
1333:
1275:
452:
2361:
1141:
947:
2630:
2621:
2612:
2603:
2594:
2585:
2576:
2567:
2558:
53:
44:
2388:
2379:
2370:
2248:
2188:
2170:
2131:
2122:
2030:
2021:
2012:
2003:
1955:
1886:
1840:
1831:
1713:
1704:
1614:
1605:
1511:
1502:
1493:
1461:
1412:
1403:
1394:
1351:
1342:
1284:
1266:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1047:
1038:
974:
965:
956:
938:
675:
31:
2039:
2406:
1177:
736:
grazing livestock from crossing into the other country and will endeavor to apprehend and return any livestock that wanders onto their territory from across the border (Article 17). Hunting using firearms is prohibited within 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) from the borderline; hunters are prohibited from crossing the border in pursuit of a wounded animal (Article 19).
2397:
617:'s visit to Beijing, an "Agreement on the Sino-Russian Border Management System intended to facilitate border trade and hinder criminal activity" was signed. On September 3, a demarcation agreement was signed for the short (55 kilometres (34 mi)) western section of the binational border; the demarcation of this section was completed in 1998.
4143:
4193:
567:
Even though the Sino-Soviet border trade resumed as early as 1983–85, it accelerated in 1990–91; the rate of cross-border trade continued to increase as the USSR's former republics became separate states. To accommodate increasing volume of travel and private trade, a number of border crossings were
2519:
According to
Russian topographic maps, the lowest mountain passes on the western section of the border are the Betsu-Kanas Pass (перевал Бетсу-Канас), elevation 2,671.3 metres (8,764 ft) and Kanas (перевал Канас), elevation 2,650 metres (8,690 ft). No roads suitable for wheeled vehicles
563:
The waning years of the Soviet Union saw a reduction of the tensions on the then heavily fortified Sino-Soviet border. In 1990–91, the two countries agreed to significantly reduce their military forces stationed along the border. To this day one can find numerous abandoned military facilities in
735:
Civil navigation is allowed on the border rivers and lakes, provided the vessels of each country stay on the appropriate side of the dividing line (Article 9); similar rules apply to fishing in these waters (Article 10). Each country's authorities will carry out appropriate measures to prevent
91:, as of October 1, 2013, there are more than 160 land border crossings between Russia and China, all of these border crossings are open 24 hours. There are crossing points established by the treaty including railway crossings, highway crossings, river crossing, and mostly ferry crossings.
2716:(The Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the People's Republic of China on the border crossing points on the Russia–China international border. Beijing, January 27, 1994). The text only lists 21 border crossing points.
523:. Heavily militarised following the war, the border slowly opened after 1982, allowing the first exchange of goods between the two countries, though the territorial disputes remained unresolved. Between 1988 and 1992 the cross-border commerce between Russia and
2520:
exist over these two passes, although a difficult dirt road approaches from the
Russian side to within 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the Kanas Pass. Until the Soviet authorities closed the border in 1936, Kazakh nomads would occasionally use these passes.
645:
The last unresolved territorial issue between the two countries was settled by the 2004 Complementary
Agreement between China and Russia on the Eastern Section of the China–Russia Boundary. Pursuant to that agreement, Russia transferred to China a part of
2828:(Protocol between the Government of the Russian Federation, the Government of Mongolia, and the Government of the People's Republic of China, describing the western junction point of the borders of the three states. Signed in Beijing, June 24, 1996)
2767:Соглашением между Правительством Российской Федерации, Правительством Китайской Народной Республики и Правительством Монголии об определении точек стыков государственных границ трех государств (Заключено в г. Улан-Баторе 27 января 1994 года)
2776:(The Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation, the Government of the People's Republic of China, and the Government of Mongolia on the determination of the points of junction of the national borders of the three states)
2819:ПРОТОКОЛ-ОПИСАНИЕ ТОЧКИ ЗАПАДНОГО СТЫКА ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫХ ГРАНИЦ ТРЕХ ГОСУДАРСТВ МЕЖДУ ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВОМ Российской Федерации, ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВОМ МОНГОЛИИ и ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВОМ КИТАЙСКОЙ НАРОДНОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ (ПОДПИСАН в г. ПЕКИНЕ 24.06.1996)
1020:
2751:(Protocol between the Government of the Russian Federation, the Government of Mongolia, and the Government of the People's Republic of China, describing the eastern junction point of the borders of the trees states)
471:
declared independence from China; the USSR recognised the country in 1921, thus removing a large part of the China-USSR border and splitting it into two sections. China later recognised
Mongolian independence in
2791:(The agreement between the Russian Federation, Republic of Kazakhstan, and the People's Republic of China on determining the junction point of the international borders of the three states. May 5, 1999)
107:
The eastern border section is over 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) in length. According to a joint estimate published in 1999, it measured at 4,195 kilometres (2,607 mi). It starts at the eastern
725:
As with many other international borders, a bilateral treaty exists concerning the physical modalities of managing the China–Russia border. The currently valid agreement was signed in
Beijing in 2006.
642:
signed an agreement for the demarcation of the much longer (over 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi)) eastern section of the border, in accordance with the provisions of the 1991 Sino-Soviet agreement.
340:
Empires, settled by a number of treaties from the 17th through to the 19th centuries. Border issues first became an issue following Russia's rapid expansion into
Siberia in the 17th century, with
4258:
2742:ПРОТОКОЛ-ОПИСАНИЕ ТОЧКИ ВОСТОЧНОГО СТЫКА ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫХ ГРАНИЦ ТРЕХ ГОСУДАРСТВ МЕЖДУ ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВОМ Российской Федерации, ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВОМ МОНГОЛИИ и ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВОМ КИТАЙСКОЙ НАРОДНОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ
2707:Соглашение между Правительством Российской Федерации и Правительством Китайской Народной Республики о пунктах пропуска на российско-китайской государственной границе. Пекин, 27 января 1994 года
3048:Дополнительное Соглашение Между Российской Федерацией И Китайской Народной Республикой О Российско-Китайской Государственной Границе На Ее Восточной Части (Заключено В Г. Пекине 14.10.2004)
2425:
344:
occurring between them and Qing China. Below is a list of important border treaties, along with the indication as to which section of today's Sino-Russian border were largely set by them:
87:. After the final demarcation carried out in the early 2000s, it measures 4,209.3 kilometres (2,615.5 mi), and is the world's sixth-longest international border. According to the
2789:Соглашение между Российской Федерацией, Республикой Казахстан и Китайской Народной Республикой об определении точки стыка государственных границ трех государств, от 5 мая 1999 года
1074:
3113:(Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the People's Republic of China on the management of the Russia-China international border)
1487:
1455:
632:
2966:
REGIONAL CO-OPERATION IN NORTHEAST ASIA. THE TUMEN RIVER AREA DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM, 1990–2000: IN SEARCH OF A MODEL FOR REGIONAL ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION IN NORTHEAST ASIA
4251:
636:
2732:, études du CERI n°96, July 2003. (Note: this publication preceded the 2004 final settlement, and thus the estimate may slightly differ from the current number).
507:
in 1969 (China having been taken over by
Communists in 1949). Although military clashes ceased that year, the underlying issues were not resolved until the
4532:
1548:
762:
4244:
4377:
180:
3104:Соглашение между Правительством Российской Федерации и Правительством Китайской Народной Республики о режиме российско-китайской государственной границы
766:
A special passenger train operates between the two border stations on the eastern section of the former
Chinese Eastern Railway, Suifenhe and Grodekovo
1562:
847:
4674:
4212:
1763:
1187:
552:
2937:
511:. The most serious of these border clashes, which brought the two countries to the brink of all-out war, occurred in March 1969 in the vicinity of
802:
2689:
2670:
1336:
1278:
4105:
610:
It took more than a decade for Russia and China to fully resolve the border issues and to demarcate the border. On May 29, 1994, during
Russian
4231:
2877:
2964:
2364:
1779:
was having international boats to ports of
Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk, Nikolayevsk, Blagoveshchensk and Sea of Japan, unavailable in recent years
1599:
1144:
591:, which was intended to start the process of resolving the border disputes held in abeyance since the 1960s. However, just a few months later
1944:
1481:
currently the easternmost port-of-entry of China in use, boats available during Spring through Autumn, car crossing in Winter only, connects
1724:
859:
693:
4700:
3014:
2182:
119:
1026:
279:
950:
415:(1864) - this created the western section of the border in Central Asia, with the bulk of this border now forming China's borders with
2488:
2311:
1871:
544:
2648:
2643:
1921:
831:
588:
508:
428:
244:
4695:
1997:
1986:
151:
called Tarbagan-Dakh (Ta'erbagan Dahu, Tarvagan Dakh). From the tripoint, the border line runs north-east, until it reaches the
4618:
4525:
2996:
2315:
569:
186:
2821:
2769:
2744:
4715:
4370:
3046:
2536:
839:
4640:
3873:
3848:
3823:
3748:
3698:
3673:
3623:
3548:
3523:
3498:
3473:
3423:
3373:
548:
219:
666:
in 2005, thus ending the decades-long border dispute. The official transfer ceremony was held on-site on October 14, 2008.
434:
Qiqihar Agreement (1911) - modified the eastern border along the Argun slightly, however China later repudiated the treaty.
2909:
2473:
659:
341:
4630:
4558:
4448:
4403:
377:, plus supplementary protocols of the same year - these were concerned mostly with the border line that is currently the
4172:
2545:
2477:
2469:
2233:
99:
88:
4591:
4463:
4423:
4418:
424:
420:
416:
4309:
4048:
4023:
3948:
3723:
3648:
3573:
3298:
3148:
3123:
1940:
1090:
485:
475:
4635:
4608:
3973:
3923:
3898:
3798:
3773:
3398:
3348:
3323:
3273:
3223:
3198:
2101:
378:
3998:
3598:
3448:
3248:
3173:
3106:
2709:
743:
are supposed to be normally returned to their country of origin within 7 days from their apprehension (Article 34).
4710:
4518:
2391:
2382:
2373:
2251:
2191:
2173:
2134:
2125:
2033:
2024:
2015:
2006:
1958:
1889:
1843:
1834:
1716:
1707:
1617:
1608:
1514:
1505:
1496:
1464:
1415:
1406:
1397:
1354:
1345:
1287:
1269:
1248:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1050:
1041:
977:
968:
959:
941:
873:
4650:
4603:
4581:
4576:
4563:
4453:
4433:
2119:
currently not available as there are concerns at Amur Oblast authorities, if opened in the future, it may connect
1952:
currently not available as there are concerns at Amur Oblast authorities, if opened in the future, it may connect
4705:
4363:
4182:
4138:
Humphrey, Caroline. "Loyalty and disloyalty as relational forms in Russia’s border war with China in the 1960s."
3000:
2416:
1423:
655:
527:
province increased threefold, with the number of legal Chinese workers in Russia increasing from 1,286 to 18,905.
164:
4645:
4596:
4586:
4468:
4438:
2420:
2454:
2291:
1897:
1784:
1552:
1522:
1015:
611:
401:(1860) - this finalised the eastern stretch of the border, with China ceding to Russia the territory of modern
374:
4669:
4408:
1058:
443:
4487:
4121:
Burr, William. "Sino-American relations, 1969: the Sino-Soviet border war and steps towards rapprochement."
1759:
1538:
1209:
752:
732:
along the border (i.e. within 7.5 metres (25 ft) from the border line on each side of it) (Article 6).
592:
479:
4443:
4155:
Robinson, Thomas W. "The Sino-Soviet border dispute: Background, development, and the March 1969 clashes."
4148:
Kuisong, Yang. "The Sino-Soviet Border Clash of 1969: From Zhenbao Island to Sino-American Rapprochement."
2803:(Agreement between the PRC and RF in regard to the western section of the China-Russia border), 1994-09-03
2400:
2328:
2263:
1124:
272:, elevation, 3327 m. Its eastern end is the western China–Mongolia–Russia tripoint, at the top of the peak
4413:
4328:
4108:(Gas will be transferred to the Chinese partners over the Kanas Pass along the Western Route ), 2015-05-08
2158:
1867:
1748:
1002:
792:
463:
in 1917 and the later formation of the Soviet Union, there have been a number of issues along the border:
4428:
3013:
Chen, Qimao, "Sino-Russian relations after the break-up of the Soviet Union", in Chufrin, Gennady (ed.),
2934:
2107:
320:
1671:
international boats to ports of Nizhneleninskoye, Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk, Nikolayevsk and Sea of Japan
1069:
2686:
2667:
4492:
3076:
2349:
2278:
2258:
2111:
1820:
1813:
1431:
1109:
1094:
835:
412:
398:
2884:
2323:
1570:
451:
225:
The much shorter (less than 100 kilometres (62 mi)) western border section is between Russia's
4499:
2973:
2444:
1883:
boats available during Spring through Autumn, hovercraft and car crossing in Winter only, connects
1648:
1254:
1119:
1104:
985:
770:
A list of ports-of-entry on the eastern section is provided by China Association of Port-of-entry:
625:
614:
348:
2439:
916:
2524:
2481:
2204:
2199:
2072:
1644:
1575:
1449:
planned, expected only aboriginal peoples of the island and nearby towns can cross, will connect
1303:
1221:
1216:
1063:
990:
921:
899:
878:
460:
360:
352:
328:
Today's Sino-Russian border line is mostly inherited by Russia (with minor adjustments) from the
152:
2629:
2620:
2611:
2602:
2593:
2584:
2575:
2566:
2557:
2067:
1298:
3023:
1243:
4541:
4222:
The Sino-Soviet Border Conflict; Deterrence, Escalation, and the Threat of Nuclear War in 1969
4188:"The Unfathomable Foe. Constructing the Enemy in the Sino-Soviet Borderlands, ca. 1969–1982."
4130:
The Sino-Soviet Border Conflict: Deterrence, Escalation, and the Threat of Nuclear War in 1969
2800:
1917:
679:
504:
492:
167:
at the confluence of the two rivers, and then runs south along the Ussuri. The border crosses
2844:
4386:
2237:
1544:
4232:
International Boundary Study No. 64 (Revised) – February 13, 1978 China – U.S.S.R. Boundary
52:
4281:
4225:
4177:"A Very Orderly Friendship: The Sino-Soviet Border under the Alliance Regime, 1950-1960."
3110:
2941:
2825:
2773:
2748:
2713:
2693:
2674:
2299:
1975:
1383:
1205:
406:
388:
234:
148:
43:
4160:
2910:"НАЧАЛО РУССКО-КИТАЙСКОГО РАЗГРАНИЧЕНИЯ В ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ АЗИИ. ЧУГУЧАКСКИЙ ПРОТОКОЛ 1864 г."
2086:
boats available during Spring through Autumn, hovercraft and car crossing in Winter only
2527:
from China to Russia, which would cross the western section of the Sino-Russian border.
4106:Перевал "Канас" станет пунктом сдачи газа РФ китайским партерам по "западному маршруту"
2224:
1527:
903:
674:
651:
647:
512:
489:
468:
402:
368:
351:(1689) - this covered the far eastern section of the border, creating a line along the
333:
332:, while the Sino-Soviet border line was essentially the same as the border between the
226:
171:, and finally runs to the south-west. The China–Russia border ends when it reaches the
568:
re-opened. In early 1992, China announced border trade incentives and the creation of
17:
4689:
2409:
1809:
1682:
1180:
740:
628:
364:
215:
4221:
4133:
2167:
boats available during Spring through Autumn, car crossing in Winter only, connects
1701:
boats available during Spring through Autumn, car crossing in Winter only, connects
1391:
boats available during Spring through Autumn, car crossing in Winter only, connects
2818:
2766:
2741:
2054:
1934:
1857:
1652:
1372:
1368:
1010:
729:
728:
The treaty requires the two states to clear trees in a 15 metres (49 ft)-wide
690:
in China. The banner reads "Rossiya", Russia in the Russian language (coordinates:
524:
516:
496:
356:
329:
160:
3052:
30:
4236:
4207:
2788:
2097:
1875:
1321:
1291:
658:, and some adjacent river islets. The transfer was ratified by both the Chinese
639:
540:
532:
337:
176:
172:
168:
2913:
4337:
2345:
2216:
1631:
1590:
1441:
1006:
815:
683:
663:
604:
600:
596:
392:
273:
238:
156:
708:
695:
427:(with modifications). The border was modified via later treaties such as the
294:
281:
259:
246:
201:
188:
134:
121:
4342:
2339:
2220:
2154:
2148:
811:
687:
241:–Russia tripoint, whose location is defined by the trilateral agreement as
4208:
The lost frontier: Treaty maps that changed Qing's northwestern boundaries
4314:
4295:
3103:
2706:
1084:
895:
536:
519:; as such, Chinese historians most commonly refer to the conflict as the
230:
113:
109:
4300:
4090:
4075:
2995:
Numerous photo reports from such sites exist on the internet. See e.g.
2730:
Le développement des relations frontalières entre la Chine et la Russie
2523:
Proposals exist for the construction of a cross-border highway and the
1905:
1692:
1435:
889:
621:
573:
381:(Mongolia then being part of China), this fixing a line from the river
4323:
2878:"International Boundary Study No. 64 (revised) - China-USSR Boundary"
2496:
2229:
1732:
1686:
1233:
447:
Map showing the locations of major clashes during the 1969 border war
382:
84:
76:
4510:
572:(SEZs) along the Sino-Russian border, the largest of these being in
214:), is located only a few kilometers before the river flows into the
4355:
4286:
1861:
1379:
1314:
855:
819:
761:
673:
577:
500:
450:
442:
319:
98:
80:
29:
4169:
Beyond the Steppe Frontier: A History of the Sino-Russian Border
2042:
1237:
584:
551:
were pro-Soviet satellite states during the Cold War, while the
233:. It runs in the mostly snow-covered high elevation area of the
4514:
4359:
4240:
2449:(019Ch/020She) runs through here, break-of-gauge at Zabaykalsk
607:— inherited various sections of the former Sino–Soviet border.
431:, though the modern Russian section remained at the same place.
1643:
international boats to ports of Nizhneleninskoye, Khabarovsk,
4213:
The list of Russia's border crossing on the border with China
2972:, North Pacific Policy Papers #4, p. 6, archived from
2883:. US Department of State. 13 February 1978. Archived from
531:
Three countries bordered both China and the Soviet Union:
391:(1858) - this shifted the eastern border to run along the
1828:
currently under renovation, if re-opened, it may connect
3077:"Return of Heixiazi Island marks end of border dispute"
2535:
Historical maps of the border from west to east in the
103:
The two countries' border signs at Manzhouli/Zabaykalsk
2997:Заброшенный укрепрайон на Большом Уссурийском острове
179:. The end point of the China–Russia border, and the
4659:
4548:
4477:
4393:
2762:
2760:
2814:
2812:
935:the only road crossing at Jilin section, connects
4215:(on the official site of Russia's Border Agency)
774:China–Russia border crossings (eastern section)
159:river to the confluence of the latter with the
2839:
2837:
1764:K7023/7024 Harbin-Khabarovsk/Vladivostok Train
1589:boats available during Spring through Autumn,
4526:
4371:
4252:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3016:Russia and Asia: the Emerging Security Agenda
595:, and four former Soviet republics — Russia,
8:
367:, terminating at the Tugur peninsula by the
911:the only railway crossing at Jilin section
4533:
4519:
4511:
4378:
4364:
4356:
4259:
4245:
4237:
2958:
2956:
2954:
1593:and car crossing in Winter only, connects
455:Western section of the border in the 1970s
324:The shifting eastern border from 1689-1860
1563:Tongjiang-Nizhneleninskoye railway bridge
4071:
4069:
772:
2724:
2722:
2660:
2541:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2856:
1620:indirectly when car traffic available
1517:indirectly when car traffic available
1418:indirectly when car traffic available
34:Map of China, with Russia to the north
753:Rail transport in China § Russia
553:Democratic People's Republic of Korea
385:in the west to the Argun in the east.
237:. Its western end point is the China–
7:
842:stop here, also to/from Vladivostok
478:- a conflict largely centred on the
276:Uul (Mt Kuitun), at the coordinates
61:Chinese and Russian boundary markers
359:, then proceeding overland via the
175:, which is the northern border of
155:. The border follows the Argun and
4190:Journal of Modern European History
4053:China Association of Port-of-entry
4028:China Association of Port-of-entry
4003:China Association of Port-of-entry
3978:China Association of Port-of-entry
3953:China Association of Port-of-entry
3928:China Association of Port-of-entry
3903:China Association of Port-of-entry
3878:China Association of Port-of-entry
3853:China Association of Port-of-entry
3828:China Association of Port-of-entry
3803:China Association of Port-of-entry
3778:China Association of Port-of-entry
3753:China Association of Port-of-entry
3728:China Association of Port-of-entry
3703:China Association of Port-of-entry
3678:China Association of Port-of-entry
3653:China Association of Port-of-entry
3628:China Association of Port-of-entry
3603:China Association of Port-of-entry
3578:China Association of Port-of-entry
3553:China Association of Port-of-entry
3528:China Association of Port-of-entry
3503:China Association of Port-of-entry
3478:China Association of Port-of-entry
3453:China Association of Port-of-entry
3428:China Association of Port-of-entry
3403:China Association of Port-of-entry
3378:China Association of Port-of-entry
3353:China Association of Port-of-entry
3328:China Association of Port-of-entry
3303:China Association of Port-of-entry
3278:China Association of Port-of-entry
3253:China Association of Port-of-entry
3228:China Association of Port-of-entry
3203:China Association of Port-of-entry
3178:China Association of Port-of-entry
3153:China Association of Port-of-entry
3128:China Association of Port-of-entry
3022:, pp. 288–291, archived from
1204:regular air lines to Viadivostok,
868:seasonal air lines to Vladivostok
620:In November 1997, at a meeting in
545:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
486:Sino-Soviet border conflict (1969)
25:
4157:American Political Science Review
2649:Sino-Russian relations since 1991
2644:History of Sino-Russian relations
2274:Ergun, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia
1798:seasonal air lines to Khabarovsk
589:1991 Sino-Soviet Border Agreement
509:1991 Sino-Soviet Border Agreement
488:- this was a serious seven-month
429:Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881)
181:China–North Korea–Russia tripoint
4171:(2020) a comprehensive history;
2696:(China), at the Rosgranitsa site
2677:(China), at the Rosgranitsa site
2628:
2619:
2610:
2601:
2592:
2583:
2574:
2565:
2556:
2544:
2404:
2395:
2386:
2377:
2368:
2359:
2246:
2186:
2177:
2168:
2129:
2120:
2037:
2028:
2019:
2010:
2001:
1992:
1953:
1884:
1838:
1829:
1711:
1702:
1612:
1603:
1594:
1509:
1500:
1491:
1482:
1459:
1450:
1410:
1401:
1392:
1349:
1340:
1331:
1282:
1273:
1264:
1175:
1166:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1045:
1036:
972:
963:
954:
945:
936:
51:
42:
2318:air lines stopping decades ago
4181:3.Special Issue (2012): 33-52
3051:, January 2015, archived from
2537:International Map of the World
2151:, Daxing'anling, Heilongjiang
1762:dry port, was the terminus of
1114:(401E/402E) runs through here
439:Sino-Soviet border (1917–1991)
1:
2999:(Abandoned fortified area in
2948:Retrieved on 5 November 2009.
2508:regular air lines to Irkutsk
2194:) when car traffic available
1719:) when car traffic available
2468:regular air lines to Chita,
2438:prior to COVID-19 pandemic,
2342:, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia
2302:, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia
2234:Nerchinsko-Zavodsky District
1987:Blagoveshchensk–Heihe Bridge
1103:prior to COVID-19 pandemic,
782:Type of crossing transports
2440:K19/20 Beijing-Moscow train
1823:, Jewish Autonomous Oblast
1695:, Jewish Autonomous Oblast
1424:Heixiazi-Bolshoy Ussuriysky
1087:, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang
564:Russia's border districts.
549:Mongolian People's Republic
476:Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)
4732:
1984:
1560:
750:
709:49.6303444°N 117.3390778°E
660:National People's Congress
652:Yinlong (Tarabarov) Island
4275:
3001:Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island
2344:
2338:
2137:indirectly during winter
1974:
1971:
1961:indirectly during winter
1737:
1731:
1636:
1543:
1537:
1440:
1430:
1195:Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang
1089:
1083:
894:
888:
823:
656:Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island
513:Zhenbao (Damansky) Island
220:North Korea–Russia border
165:Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island
4159:66.4 (1972): 1175–1202.
4140:History and Anthropology
2801:中华人民共和国和俄罗斯联邦关于中俄国界西段的协定
1945:Konstantinovsky District
1634:, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang
1553:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
1541:, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang
375:Treaty of Kyakhta (1727)
135:49.845083°N 116.713000°E
2705:The 1994 agreement is:
1760:Trans-Eurasia Logistics
1174:) and 05A-215, part of
883:-Kameshovaya/Makhalino
793:third country nationals
788:Bordering Russian town
785:Bordering Chinese town
741:illegal border crossers
714:49.6303444; 117.3390778
521:Zhenbao Island Incident
480:Chinese Eastern Railway
342:intermittent skirmishes
295:49.170417°N 87.815639°E
218:, the other end of the
4701:China–Russia relations
4675:Alaska (United States)
4192:10.2 (2012): 255–279.
4142:28.4 (2017): 497–514.
2159:Skovorodinsky District
2050:Heihe-Blagoveshchensk
1966:Heihe-Blagoveshchensk
1937:, Heihe, Heilongjiang
1916:seasonal air lines to
1792:Jiamusi, Heilongjiang
1665:Jiamusi, Heilongjiang
810:between Jiutaidonghu,
767:
722:
593:the USSR was dissolved
570:special economic zones
456:
448:
379:Mongolia–Russia border
325:
316:Tsarist era (pre-1917)
104:
69:Chinese–Russian border
35:
18:Russian-Chinese border
4716:International borders
4179:Eurasia Border Review
1928:Sunwu-Konstantinovka
1872:Mikhaylovsky District
1317:, Jixi, Heilongjiang
765:
677:
517:Ussuri (Wusuli) River
503:at the height of the
454:
446:
363:, and then along the
323:
260:49.11500°N 87.28667°E
140:49.845083; 116.713000
102:
89:Russian border agency
33:
4493:Frontier Closed Area
2963:Davies, Ian (2000),
2539:, mid-20th century:
2350:Zabaykalsky District
2279:Priargunsky District
2112:Shimanovsky District
1972:Heihe, Heilongjiang
1821:Obluchensky District
1095:Pogranichny District
678:A train passing the
413:Treaty of Tarbagatai
399:Convention of Peking
300:49.170417; 87.815639
77:international border
27:International border
4696:China–Russia border
4268:China–Russia border
4128:Gerson, Michael S.
4125:1.3 (2001): 73-112.
4078:(Betsu-Kanas Pass)
4076:Перевал Бетсу-Канас
3063:. October 14, 2004
2847:, scale 1:100,000,
2352:, Zabaykalsky Krai
2281:, Zabaykalsky Krai
2062:under construction
1255:Khankaysky District
1027:Oktyabrsky District
775:
705: /
615:Viktor Chernomyrdin
583:In 1991, China and
395:out to the Okhotsk.
349:Treaty of Nerchinsk
291: /
256: /
198: /
131: /
73:Sino-Russian border
4224:Michael S. Gerson
4152:1.1 (2000): 21–52.
3109:2015-07-09 at the
2940:2017-03-14 at the
2824:2018-02-16 at the
2772:2016-03-05 at the
2747:2018-02-15 at the
2712:2015-07-21 at the
2692:2015-07-07 at the
2673:2015-07-07 at the
2525:Altai gas pipeline
2277:Starotsurukhaitu,
2268:-Starotsurukhaitu
1766:(005/006/351/352)
1580:-Nizhneleninskoye
1532:-Nizhneleninskoye
1472:Fuyuan-Khabarovsk
1444:, Khabarovsk Krai
900:Khasansky District
773:
768:
723:
461:Russian Revolution
457:
449:
361:Stanovoy Mountains
326:
265:49.11500; 87.28667
202:42.417°N 130.600°E
105:
36:
4711:Borders of Russia
4683:
4682:
4542:Borders of Russia
4508:
4507:
4496:
4353:
4352:
4165:Urbansky, Sören:
2728:Sébastien Colin,
2512:
2511:
2499:, Inner Mongolia
2376:(with indirectly
2176:(with indirectly
2077:-Blagoveshchensk
2000:(with indirectly
1837:(with indirectly
1710:(with indirectly
1549:Leninsky District
1324:, Primorsky Krai
1272:(with indirectly
1257:, Primorsky Krai
1147:(with indirectly
1097:, Primorsky Krai
1029:, Primorsky Krai
944:(with indirectly
892:, Yanbian, Jilin
803:Changchun Airport
670:Border management
633:General Secretary
626:Russian President
505:Sino-Soviet split
493:military conflict
163:. It divides the
147:), marked by the
16:(Redirected from
4723:
4706:Borders of China
4535:
4528:
4521:
4512:
4490:
4387:Borders of China
4380:
4373:
4366:
4357:
4261:
4254:
4247:
4238:
4218:
4150:Cold War History
4123:Cold War History
4109:
4103:
4097:
4096:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4073:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4020:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3970:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3920:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3670:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3399:"黑瞎子岛陆路（公路）客运口岸"
3395:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3120:
3114:
3101:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3028:
3021:
3010:
3004:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2978:
2971:
2960:
2949:
2933:People.com.cn. "
2931:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2889:
2882:
2874:
2851:
2850:
2845:Topo map M45-104
2841:
2832:
2831:
2816:
2807:
2806:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2739:
2733:
2726:
2717:
2703:
2697:
2684:
2678:
2665:
2632:
2623:
2614:
2605:
2596:
2587:
2578:
2569:
2560:
2548:
2448:
2429:
2408:
2407:
2399:
2398:
2390:
2389:
2381:
2380:
2372:
2371:
2363:
2362:
2332:
2267:
2250:
2249:
2238:Zabaykalsky Krai
2208:
2190:
2189:
2181:
2180:
2172:
2171:
2133:
2132:
2124:
2123:
2076:
2041:
2040:
2032:
2031:
2023:
2022:
2014:
2013:
2005:
2004:
1996:
1995:
1957:
1956:
1888:
1887:
1851:Xunke-Poyarkovo
1846:) during winter
1842:
1841:
1833:
1832:
1803:Jiayin-Pashkovo
1715:
1714:
1706:
1705:
1616:
1615:
1607:
1606:
1598:
1597:
1579:
1545:Nizhneleninskoye
1531:
1513:
1512:
1504:
1503:
1495:
1494:
1486:
1485:
1463:
1462:
1454:
1453:
1414:
1413:
1405:
1404:
1396:
1395:
1353:
1352:
1344:
1343:
1335:
1334:
1307:
1286:
1285:
1277:
1276:
1268:
1267:
1252:
1225:
1179:
1178:
1170:
1169:
1161:
1160:
1152:
1151:
1143:
1142:
1128:
1113:
1078:
1067:
1049:
1048:
1040:
1039:
1024:
994:
976:
975:
967:
966:
958:
957:
949:
948:
940:
939:
925:
882:
838:and Vladivostok-
776:
747:Border crossings
720:
719:
717:
716:
715:
710:
706:
703:
702:
701:
698:
662:and the Russian
654:, about half of
306:
305:
303:
302:
301:
296:
292:
289:
288:
287:
284:
271:
270:
268:
267:
266:
261:
257:
254:
253:
252:
249:
213:
212:
210:
209:
208:
203:
199:
196:
195:
194:
191:
146:
145:
143:
142:
141:
136:
132:
129:
128:
127:
124:
55:
46:
21:
4731:
4730:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4720:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4655:
4573:European Union
4544:
4539:
4509:
4504:
4473:
4389:
4384:
4354:
4349:
4282:Blagoveshchensk
4271:
4265:
4216:
4204:
4118:
4116:Further reading
4113:
4112:
4104:
4100:
4094:
4089:
4085:
4079:
4074:
4067:
4058:
4056:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4033:
4031:
4022:
4021:
4017:
4008:
4006:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3983:
3981:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3958:
3956:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3933:
3931:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3908:
3906:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3883:
3881:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3858:
3856:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3833:
3831:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3808:
3806:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3783:
3781:
3772:
3771:
3767:
3758:
3756:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3733:
3731:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3708:
3706:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3683:
3681:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3658:
3656:
3647:
3646:
3642:
3633:
3631:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3608:
3606:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3583:
3581:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3558:
3556:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3533:
3531:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3508:
3506:
3497:
3496:
3492:
3483:
3481:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3458:
3456:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3433:
3431:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3408:
3406:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3383:
3381:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3358:
3356:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3333:
3331:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3308:
3306:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3283:
3281:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3258:
3256:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3233:
3231:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3208:
3206:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3183:
3181:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3158:
3156:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3133:
3131:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3111:Wayback Machine
3102:
3091:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3056:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3011:
3007:
2994:
2990:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2961:
2952:
2942:Wayback Machine
2932:
2928:
2919:
2917:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2854:
2848:
2842:
2835:
2829:
2826:Wayback Machine
2817:
2810:
2804:
2799:
2795:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2774:Wayback Machine
2765:
2758:
2752:
2749:Wayback Machine
2740:
2736:
2727:
2720:
2714:Wayback Machine
2704:
2700:
2694:Wayback Machine
2685:
2681:
2675:Wayback Machine
2666:
2662:
2657:
2640:
2633:
2624:
2615:
2606:
2597:
2588:
2579:
2570:
2561:
2552:
2551:western section
2549:
2533:
2531:Historical maps
2517:
2515:Western section
2476:, Krasnoyarsk,
2442:
2423:
2405:
2396:
2387:
2378:
2369:
2360:
2326:
2261:
2247:
2202:
2187:
2178:
2169:
2142:Mohe-Dzhalinda
2130:
2121:
2104:, Heilongjiang
2070:
2038:
2029:
2020:
2011:
2002:
1993:
1989:
1976:Blagoveshchensk
1954:
1918:Blagoveshchensk
1908:, Heilongjiang
1898:Qiqihar Airport
1885:
1864:, Heilongjiang
1839:
1830:
1816:, Heilongjiang
1785:Jiamusi Airport
1735:, Heilongjiang
1712:
1703:
1689:, Heilongjiang
1676:Luobei-Amurzet
1613:
1604:
1595:
1573:
1565:
1525:
1510:
1501:
1492:
1483:
1460:
1451:
1438:, Heilongjiang
1411:
1402:
1393:
1384:Khabarovsk Krai
1375:, Heilongjiang
1362:Raohe-Pokrovka
1350:
1341:
1332:
1301:
1283:
1274:
1265:
1246:
1240:, Heilongjiang
1219:
1176:
1167:
1158:
1149:
1140:
1122:
1107:
1072:
1061:
1046:
1037:
1018:
988:
973:
964:
955:
946:
937:
919:
876:
760:
758:Eastern section
755:
749:
713:
711:
707:
704:
699:
696:
694:
692:
691:
680:border crossing
672:
561:
441:
407:Khabarovsk Krai
389:Treaty of Aigun
318:
313:
299:
297:
293:
290:
285:
282:
280:
278:
277:
264:
262:
258:
255:
250:
247:
245:
243:
242:
235:Altai Mountains
207:42.417; 130.600
206:
204:
200:
197:
192:
189:
187:
185:
184:
149:border monument
139:
137:
133:
130:
125:
122:
120:
118:
117:
97:
65:
64:
63:
62:
58:
57:
56:
48:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4729:
4727:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4688:
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2946:1969年珍宝岛自卫反击战.
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2161:, Amur Oblast
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1985:Main article:
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1978:, Amur Oblast
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1947:, Amur Oblast
1941:Konstantinovka
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700:117°20′20.68″E
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648:Abagaitu Islet
612:Prime Minister
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469:Outer Mongolia
459:Following the
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403:Primorsky Krai
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4228:November 2010
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4093:(Kanas Pass)
4092:
4091:Перевал Канас
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3999:"满洲里陆路（铁路）口岸"
3994:
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3974:"满洲里陆路（公路）口岸"
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3924:"黑山头陆路（公路）口岸"
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3599:"哈尔滨陆路（铁路）口岸"
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3274:"绥芬河陆路（公路）口岸"
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3249:"绥芬河陆路（铁路）口岸"
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3055:on 2011-08-12
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3029:on 2016-05-19
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2936:
2935:People.com.cn
2930:
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2916:on 2012-12-26
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2890:on 2014-08-17
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2102:Daxing'anling
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1129:-Pogranichny
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1105:401/402 train
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874:Hunchun South
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848:Yanji Airport
846:
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841:
840:Yekaterinburg
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830:air lines of
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814:and Longjia,
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697:49°37′49.24″N
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629:Boris Yeltsin
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232:
228:
223:
221:
217:
216:Pacific Ocean
211:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
144:
126:116°42′46.8″E
115:
111:
101:
94:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
54:
45:
32:
19:
4660:
4622:
4612:
4568:
4549:
4478:
4458:
4394:
4267:
4217:(in Russian)
4189:
4178:
4168:
4156:
4149:
4139:
4129:
4122:
4101:
4095:(in Russian)
4086:
4080:(in Russian)
4057:. Retrieved
4055:. 2019-02-19
4052:
4043:
4032:. Retrieved
4030:. 2019-02-19
4027:
4018:
4007:. Retrieved
4005:. 2019-02-19
4002:
3993:
3982:. Retrieved
3980:. 2019-02-19
3977:
3968:
3957:. Retrieved
3955:. 2019-02-19
3952:
3943:
3932:. Retrieved
3930:. 2019-02-19
3927:
3918:
3907:. Retrieved
3905:. 2019-02-19
3902:
3899:"室韦陆路（公路）口岸"
3893:
3882:. Retrieved
3880:. 2019-02-19
3877:
3874:"漠河水运（河港）口岸"
3868:
3857:. Retrieved
3855:. 2019-02-19
3852:
3849:"呼玛水运（河港）口岸"
3843:
3832:. Retrieved
3830:. 2019-02-19
3827:
3824:"黑河水运（河港）口岸"
3818:
3807:. Retrieved
3805:. 2021-11-02
3802:
3793:
3782:. Retrieved
3780:. 2021-11-02
3777:
3774:"黑河陆路（公路）口岸"
3768:
3757:. Retrieved
3755:. 2019-02-19
3752:
3749:"孙吴水运（河港）口岸"
3743:
3732:. Retrieved
3730:. 2019-02-19
3727:
3718:
3707:. Retrieved
3705:. 2019-02-19
3702:
3699:"逊克水运（河港）口岸"
3693:
3682:. Retrieved
3680:. 2019-02-19
3677:
3674:"嘉荫水运（河港）口岸"
3668:
3657:. Retrieved
3655:. 2019-02-19
3652:
3643:
3632:. Retrieved
3630:. 2019-02-19
3627:
3618:
3607:. Retrieved
3605:. 2019-02-19
3602:
3593:
3582:. Retrieved
3580:. 2019-02-19
3577:
3568:
3557:. Retrieved
3555:. 2019-02-19
3552:
3549:"萝北水运（河港）口岸"
3543:
3532:. Retrieved
3530:. 2019-02-19
3527:
3518:
3507:. Retrieved
3505:. 2019-02-19
3502:
3499:"富锦水运（河港）口岸"
3493:
3482:. Retrieved
3480:. 2019-02-19
3477:
3474:"同江水运（河港）口岸"
3468:
3457:. Retrieved
3455:. 2021-11-02
3452:
3449:"同江陆路（铁路）口岸"
3443:
3432:. Retrieved
3430:. 2019-02-19
3427:
3424:"抚远水运（河港）口岸"
3418:
3407:. Retrieved
3405:. 2021-11-02
3402:
3393:
3382:. Retrieved
3380:. 2019-02-19
3377:
3374:"饶河水运（河港）口岸"
3368:
3357:. Retrieved
3355:. 2019-02-19
3352:
3349:"虎林陆路（公路）口岸"
3343:
3332:. Retrieved
3330:. 2019-02-19
3327:
3324:"密山陆路（公路）口岸"
3318:
3307:. Retrieved
3305:. 2019-02-19
3302:
3293:
3282:. Retrieved
3280:. 2019-02-19
3277:
3268:
3257:. Retrieved
3255:. 2019-02-19
3252:
3243:
3232:. Retrieved
3230:. 2019-02-19
3227:
3224:"东宁陆路（公路）口岸"
3218:
3207:. Retrieved
3205:. 2019-02-19
3202:
3199:"珲春陆路（公路）口岸"
3193:
3182:. Retrieved
3180:. 2019-02-19
3177:
3174:"珲春陆路（铁路）口岸"
3168:
3157:. Retrieved
3155:. 2019-02-19
3152:
3143:
3132:. Retrieved
3130:. 2019-02-19
3127:
3118:
3082:22 September
3080:. Retrieved
3071:
3065:(in Russian)
3057:, retrieved
3053:the original
3047:
3041:
3031:, retrieved
3024:the original
3015:
3008:
2991:
2981:, retrieved
2974:the original
2965:
2945:
2929:
2918:. Retrieved
2914:the original
2904:
2894:15 September
2892:. Retrieved
2885:the original
2849:(in Russian)
2830:(in Russian)
2805:(in Chinese)
2796:
2784:
2778:(in Russian)
2753:(in Russian)
2737:
2729:
2701:
2682:
2663:
2534:
2522:
2518:
2333:-Zabaykalsk
2053:pedestrian (
1990:
1653:Sea of Japan
1373:Shuangyashan
1011:Heilongjiang
769:
738:
734:
727:
724:
644:
635:and Chinese
619:
609:
582:
566:
562:
530:
525:Heilongjiang
520:
497:Soviet Union
495:between the
458:
357:Shilka River
330:Soviet Union
327:
286:87°48′56.3″E
283:49°10′13.5″N
229:and China's
224:
161:Ussuri River
123:49°50′42.3″N
106:
72:
68:
66:
4641:North Korea
4449:North Korea
4404:Afghanistan
4310:Pogranichny
2482:Novosibirsk
2443: [
2424: [
2327: [
2310:was having
2262: [
2203: [
2071: [
2036:), part of
1922:Krasnoyarsk
1892:indirectly
1876:Amur Oblast
1649:Nikolayevsk
1574: [
1526: [
1467:indirectly
1357:indirectly
1322:Lesozavodsk
1302: [
1292:Lake Khanka
1247: [
1226:-Turiy Rog
1220: [
1123: [
1108: [
1091:Pogranichny
1073: [
1062: [
1053:indirectly
1019: [
1001:Sanchakou,
989: [
920: [
877: [
832:Viadivostok
712: /
640:Jiang Zemin
587:signed the
543:. Both the
541:North Korea
533:Afghanistan
353:Argun River
298: /
263: /
205: /
177:North Korea
173:Tumen River
169:Lake Khanka
153:Argun River
138: /
95:Description
4690:Categories
4631:Kazakhstan
4559:Azerbaijan
4464:Tajikistan
4424:Kyrgyzstan
4419:Kazakhstan
4338:Zabaykalsk
4059:2023-07-19
4049:"呼和浩特空运口岸"
4034:2023-07-19
4009:2023-07-19
3984:2023-07-19
3959:2023-07-19
3934:2023-07-19
3909:2023-07-19
3884:2023-07-19
3859:2023-07-19
3834:2023-07-19
3809:2023-07-19
3799:"黑河（步行）口岸"
3784:2023-07-19
3759:2023-07-19
3734:2023-07-19
3724:"齐齐哈尔空运口岸"
3709:2023-07-19
3684:2023-07-19
3659:2023-07-19
3634:2023-07-19
3609:2023-07-19
3584:2023-07-19
3559:2023-07-19
3534:2023-07-19
3509:2023-07-19
3484:2023-07-19
3459:2023-07-19
3434:2023-07-19
3409:2023-07-19
3384:2023-07-19
3359:2023-07-19
3334:2023-07-19
3309:2023-07-19
3284:2023-07-19
3259:2023-07-19
3234:2023-07-19
3209:2023-07-19
3184:2023-07-19
3159:2023-07-19
3134:2023-07-19
3059:2015-07-15
3033:2015-07-15
2983:2015-07-14
2920:2013-01-20
2655:References
2421:Zabaykalsk
2403:, part of
2346:Zabaykalsk
2259:Heishantou
1819:Pashkovo,
1645:Komsomolsk
1591:hovercraft
1561:See also:
1442:Khabarovsk
1378:Pokrovka,
1290:), nearby
1210:Khabarovsk
1188:Mudanjiang
1007:Mudanjiang
995:-Poltavka
926:-Kraskino
816:Jilin City
751:See also:
684:Zabaykalsk
664:State Duma
605:Tajikistan
601:Kyrgyzstan
597:Kazakhstan
490:undeclared
425:Tajikistan
421:Kyrgyzstan
417:Kazakhstan
393:Amur River
274:Tavan Bogd
251:87°17′12″E
248:49°06′54″N
239:Kazakhstan
4592:Lithuania
4488:Hong Kong
4343:Manzhouli
4270:crossings
4024:"满洲里空运口岸"
3949:"海拉尔空运口岸"
3649:"佳木斯空运口岸"
3574:"哈尔滨空运口岸"
3299:"牡丹江空运口岸"
2455:Manzhouli
2417:Manzhouli
2358:connects
2340:Manzhouli
2324:Manzhouli
2316:Pyongyang
2245:connects
2221:Hulunbuir
2155:Dzhalinda
2145:shipping
2094:shipping
2080:shipping
1991:connects
1931:shipping
1868:Poyarkovo
1854:shipping
1806:shipping
1774:shipping
1679:shipping
1662:shipping
1628:shipping
1583:shipping
1571:Tongjiang
1539:Tongjiang
1523:Tongjiang
1475:shipping
1365:shipping
1330:connects
1320:Markovo,
1308:-Markovo
1263:connects
1244:Turiy Rog
1138:connects
1070:Grodekovo
1035:connects
812:Changchun
739:Detained
688:Manzhouli
637:President
559:Post-1991
365:Uda river
4661:Maritime
4636:Mongolia
4623:disputed
4613:disputed
4609:Abkhazia
4479:Internal
4454:Pakistan
4434:Mongolia
4315:Suifenhe
4296:Kraskino
3149:"延吉空运口岸"
3124:"长春空运口岸"
3107:Archived
2938:Archived
2822:Archived
2770:Archived
2745:Archived
2710:Archived
2690:Archived
2671:Archived
2638:See also
2470:Ulan-Ude
2432:railway
2215:Shiwei,
2209:-Olochi
2108:Ushakovo
1753:railway
1659:Jiamusi
1535:railway
1232:Dangbi,
1120:Suifenhe
1085:Suifenhe
1081:railway
1059:Suifenhe
1016:Poltavka
1003:Dongning
986:Dongning
896:Kraskino
886:railway
862:, Jilin
791:Open to
537:Mongolia
467:In 1911
231:Xinjiang
193:130°36′E
114:tripoint
112:–Russia
110:Mongolia
79:between
4651:Ukraine
4604:Georgia
4582:Finland
4577:Estonia
4564:Belarus
4469:Vietnam
4439:Myanmar
4301:Hunchun
4226:CNA.org
4173:excerpt
4132:(2010)
2843:Soviet
2474:Irkutsk
2055:gondola
1906:Qiqihar
1771:Harbin
1693:Amurzet
1436:Jiamusi
1206:Yakutsk
917:Hunchun
890:Hunchun
860:Yanbian
836:Bangkok
622:Beijing
574:Hunchun
515:on the
334:Russian
311:History
190:42°25′N
75:is the
71:or the
4646:Norway
4597:Poland
4587:Latvia
4459:Russia
4409:Bhutan
4329:Shiwei
4324:Olochi
4194:online
4183:online
4161:online
4144:online
4134:online
2497:Hohhot
2489:Hohhot
2478:Abakan
2394:) and
2300:Hailar
2292:Hailar
2230:Olochi
2200:Shiwei
1814:Yichun
1810:Jiayin
1749:Harbin
1733:Harbin
1725:Harbin
1687:Hegang
1683:Luobei
1625:Fujin
1432:Fuyuan
1234:Mishan
1217:Mishan
797:Notes
603:, and
383:Irtysh
183:, at (
108:China–
85:Russia
4670:Japan
4569:China
4500:Macau
4444:Nepal
4414:India
4287:Heihe
3027:(PDF)
3020:(PDF)
2977:(PDF)
2970:(PDF)
2888:(PDF)
2881:(PDF)
2687:Китай
2668:Китай
2447:]
2428:]
2401:A 350
2336:road
2331:]
2312:Chita
2271:road
2266:]
2217:Ergun
2212:road
2207:]
2183:G1213
2075:]
2068:Heihe
1998:G1211
1969:road
1935:Sunwu
1862:Heihe
1858:Xunke
1632:Fujin
1600:G1011
1578:]
1530:]
1488:G1012
1456:G1012
1428:road
1380:Bikin
1369:Raohe
1337:G1115
1315:Hulin
1311:road
1306:]
1299:Hulin
1279:G1115
1251:]
1229:road
1224:]
1132:road
1127:]
1112:]
1077:]
1066:]
1023:]
998:road
993:]
929:road
924:]
881:]
856:Yanji
779:Name
730:strip
682:from
578:Jilin
501:China
472:1946.
81:China
4550:Land
4429:Laos
3084:2024
2896:2020
2505:Yes
2502:n/a
2493:air
2480:and
2465:Yes
2462:n/a
2459:air
2435:Yes
2392:G623
2385:and
2383:G331
2374:G301
2355:Yes
2305:n/a
2296:air
2252:G644
2242:Yes
2192:G331
2185:and
2174:G111
2149:Mohe
2135:G605
2128:and
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2098:Huma
2083:Yes
2043:AH31
2034:G604
2027:and
2025:G603
2016:G331
2007:G202
1981:Yes
1959:G202
1920:and
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1844:G331
1835:G222
1789:air
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1708:G332
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1637:n/a
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1497:G102
1478:Yes
1465:G102
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1398:G229
1355:G602
1348:and
1346:G331
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1260:Yes
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1208:and
1198:n/a
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1172:G602
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1135:Yes
1100:Yes
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1032:Yes
978:G610
971:and
969:G331
960:G302
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932:Yes
852:air
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807:air
631:and
585:USSR
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2365:G10
2284:No
2164:No
1913:No
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1668:No
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1145:G10
951:G12
908:No
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
