148:
3914:
108:
143:
6147:
1443:, Feodorov, who admired Patriarch Tikhon and felt only contempt for the so-called Living Church, urged that the Famine Relief food supplies be entrusted to not only to Catholic clergy, but also to those Russian Orthodox priests who remained loyal to Patriarch Tikhon for distribution to the starving. Fr. Walsh enthusiastically agreed with the Exarch's idea and ensured that it was carried out. In
1711:'s 1927 declaration of loyalty to the Soviet State. According to recent historian Irina Osipova, however, Metropolitan Bartholomew, "could not accept the harsh policy which Sergei adopted after the schism that divided the clergy in two camps. Bartholomew was disturbed by threats to visit punishment on every 'insubordinate' priest and by the mass arrests and sentencing of these recalcitrants."
6136:
4064:
4052:
392:
381:
2086:. Many are all under the jurisdiction of the respective local Latin Church bishops. The communities in Denver, Dublin, and Singapore do not have a Russian national character but exist for local Catholics who wish to worship in the Russo-Byzantine style. The community in Denver is currently under the jurisdiction of the Ruthenian Eparchy of Phoenix.
1458:, had no intention of tolerating the possible reunion of East and West, and were especially determined to snuff out all efforts to preserve the continued independence of the Russian Orthodox Church from the State's power and control. For this reason, in the spring of 1923, along with multiple codefendants including Archbishop
665:
duty was to watch not only over the material, but also the spiritual welfare of his
Christian subjects. Because of that, his interference in Church affairs was regarded as his duty." This is not so say, however, that State control over the Russian Orthodox Church was always accepted without criticism or opposition.
1584:
commonly added in
Galicia and, "one might have thought oneself at an Orthodox service, except that prayers were offered for the Pope and our hierarchical head, the Archbishop of Paris." Iswolsky added that the chapel, although humble, "was decorated in the best of taste and according to the strictest
1325:
of the Order in her Moscow apartment. Several of the women among the secular tertiaries joined her in taking vows as well. Thus was a community of the
Dominican Third Order Regular, with Father Vladimir Abrikosov as its chaplain, established in what was soon to be Soviet Russia. Mother Catherine took
1084:
as a tool of Greek
Catholic evangelisation, Sheptytsky was told that he was free to ordain priests and even to consecrate Bishops while reporting only to the Pope himself. Pope Pius advised Sheptytsky, however, to delay using his powers openly until a more opportune time, as otherwise the infamously
664:
explained, "...the attitude of all
Orthodox Churches toward the State, especially the Russian Church is dictated by a very old tradition which has its roots in early Christian political philosophy... the Christian Emperor was regarded as the representative of God in the Christian commonwealth, whose
1848:
had given to the surviving sisters of her convent and the converts they made in secret over the decades following their arrests, the
Russian Greek Catholic Church continued to exist on Soviet soil among both the sisters and the laity, even when there were no longer any Russian Catholic priests left
1061:
in which the matter of creating an underground
Byzantine Catholic Church in the Russian Empire was discussed at length. After being asked, the Pope confirmed Metropolitan Andrey's belief that he, instead of the local Roman Rite Bishops, already held jurisdiction over all Byzantine Catholics living
1533:
against spiritual despondency and doubt, the Exarch advised her, "That is well. The Lord will sustain you, but if ever the moment returns when you no longer feel this support, don't be frightened. The Lord's aid is perhaps precisely the most abundant when it seems that He has forsaken us."
712:
to smother the former Bishop inside his cell. Metropolitan Philip was canonized in 1636 and is still commemorated within the
Orthodox Church as a, "pillar of orthodoxy, fighter for the truth, shepherd who laid down his life for his flock." Within the Russian Greek Catholic Church, Blessed
1962:
With the religious freedom experienced after the fall of
Communism, there were calls from Russian Greek Catholic clergy and laity to for a new Exarch to the long existing vacancy. Such a move would have been strongly objected to by the Russian Orthodox Church, which caused Cardinal
704:. In response, the Tsar convened a Church Council, whose bishops obediently declared Metropolitan Philip deposed on false charges of moral offenses and imprisoned him in a monastery. When the former Metropolitan refused a request from the Tsar to bless his plans for the 1570
1025:
in 1901, Metropolitan Andrey's interest in the
Russian people continued. Posing as a Ukrainian lawyer on a pleasure trip, he made a secret visit to the Russian Empire in 1907, which he used as a cover for meeting and attempting to convert senior Russian Orthodox and
1975:. For the same reason, Cardinal Kasper repeatedly told Russian Catholics to their faces to either switch to the Latin Church or convert to Orthodoxy. In 2004, however, the Vatican's hand was forced when a convocation of Russian Greek Catholic priests met in
1752:
sentenced Archbishop Bartholomew Remov, "to the supreme penalty, death by shooting, with confiscation of property. The sentence is final and no appeal is allowed." Metropolitan Bartholomew Remov was executed soon after.
1299:, the Abrikosovs had already taken a vow of chastity in a ritual which the rule of the Dominican Third Order at the time only very rarely permitted to married couples and only after first receiving the approval of "a
518:
is the Russian Greek Catholic Church, counting around 3,000 members. Even though an exarchate was established in 1917, Soviet repression meant that Eastern Catholics went underground. Their outstanding figure, Mother
1420:. The Patriarch was also urging those Orthodox clergy and laity who remained loyal to him to similarly meet with the Russian Catholics in order to discuss the possible reunion of the Russian Orthodox Church with the
4823:
4660:
1014:, which became definitive in Russia in the fifteenth century, was a bad tree, and it was useless to keep cutting the branches without uprooting the trunk itself, because the branches would always grow back."
6196:
420:
3797:
2681:
1340:, "In addition to the three usual religious vows, the sisters took a fourth vow, to suffer for the salvation of Russia. God heard their desire, and soon they were to suffer much, for many years."
2485:
and the persecution of her monastic community and of their fellow Russian Catholics by the Soviet Government are mentioned by Solzhenitsyn in the first volume of his 1973 non-fictional expose
1749:
4415:
1674:, in that very country. The money for the college building and its reconstruction was taken from an aggregate of charity donations from faithful all over the world on the occasion of the
5830:
1523:
and the stone which St. Philip had once used instead of a pillow. The Exarch commented, "On this stone, the Saint had not only radiant visions, but how many bitter tears did he shed!"
619:
4445:
1143:
838:
6191:
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1714:
In 1932, Bartholomew Remov was secretly received into the Russian Greek Catholic Church by underground Latin Bishop Pie Eugène Neveu. After Remov's conversion became known to
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2147:
By 2018, there have been reports of 13 parishes and five pastoral points in Siberia with seven parishes and three pastoral points in European Russia. Some parishes serve the
1010:
goes back at least to his first trip there in 1887. Afterwards, Sheptytsky "wrote some reflections" between October and November of 1887, and expressed his belief, "that the
413:
3790:
1722:, the Archbishop was arrested on 21 February 1935 and was accused of being, "a member of the Catholic group of a counterrevolutionary organization attached to the illegal
1057:, Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky, who was seeking to assume jurisdiction over the growing number of Eastern Catholics in Russia, had two audiences, in 1907 and 1908, with
1454:
Meanwhile, according to historian Edward E. Roslof, to a much greater extent than the Rurikid and Romanov Tsars before them, the Soviet State and it's secret police, the
5315:
3811:
1329:
According to Father Georgii Friedman, Mother Catherine and the Sisters made an unusual choice for a religious community, inspired, it is believed, by the example of the
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124:
3729:
The website of Saint Michael's Russian Catholic Church in New York City is a must for anyone desiring to delve deeper into the history of the Russian Catholic Movement.
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serves as Secretary to the Ordinary. There is a priest coordinator for the parishes in Siberia and a liturgical commission and a catechetical commission.
6176:
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4955:
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1799:, Viktor Novikov, and Jerzy Moskwa, used the ensuing chaos as a means of entering the U.S.S.R. incognito with the intention of running clandestine
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478:
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1952:
1823:
496:. However, these offices are currently vacant. Their few parishes are served by priests ordained in other Eastern Catholic churches, former
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have imagined, but it is the example of suffering. It is in this way that she shows that she is the continuation of Christ in this world."
1348:
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3431:
Hide Me Within Thy Wounds: The Persecution of the Catholic Church in the USSR from Material in Criminal Investigation and Labor Camp Files
630:
by the Ecumenical Patriarch. By this time, the separation had become so complete that both churches accused each other of being heretics.
607:
949:
as a universal ecclesiastical hierarch. Solovyov further argued, however, that the Russian Orthodox Church, "is only separated from Rome
5945:
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6181:
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5189:
4836:
4670:
4121:
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988:, who kept them along with a personal archive of papers having, "to do with matters in which the Pope was particularly interested."
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1135:
799:
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232:
1879:, began to appear in the open. At the same time, the martyrology of the Russian Greek Catholic Church began to be investigated.
1416:. For this reason, Patriarch Tikhon was both meeting regularly to discuss possible reunion with both the Exarch and with Father
6110:
5452:
5427:
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776:
361:
272:
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Meanwhile, Exarch Leonid Feodorov made presentations, participated in discussions with Orthodox clergy, including Patriarch
720:
Over the centuries that followed, as growing numbers of members of the Eastern Catholic Churches fell under the rule of the
142:
5412:
4738:
4609:
4507:
4204:
3868:
267:
1046:
grudgingly granted religious tolerance. Thereafter, communities of Russian Greek Catholics emerged and became organized.
818:, which oversaw the appointment and deposition of the Church Hierarchy, as a further extension of the Tsar's Government.
6003:
5974:
5957:
5865:
5477:
5442:
5432:
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4853:
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Historia o pozabiianiu bazilianów w połockiey cerkwi przez cara moskiewskiego etc. w roku 1705tym, dnia 30 Junia starego
2786:
2347:
1868:
1808:
1211:
953:, so that one can profess the totality of Catholic doctrine while continuing to belong to the Russian Orthodox Church."
287:
2735:
1589:
was the work of a Russian painter well-versed in ancient Eastern iconography. The central panel was a faithful copy of
4763:
4631:
4500:
3825:
3723:
1708:
1455:
1203:
846:
6013:
717:, the 20th century Exarch of Russia, is known to have had a very deep devotion to Metropolitan St. Philip of Moscow.
2144:
as extant, but they have not yet been reconstituted, nor have new Russian-Rite bishops been appointed to head them.
5930:
5728:
5382:
5034:
5000:
4959:
3505:
2408:
1386:
1292:
1054:
1039:
1871:, the surviving Russian Greek Catholics, many of whom were directly connected to the Greek Catholic community of
1826:. Ironically, Kurtna and Fr. Walter Ciszek, who had been friend at the Russicum, met once again in 1948 as fellow
1451:
hosted six local Russian Orthodox bishops to his table to organize the delivery of food supplies to the starving.
6120:
6066:
5737:
5687:
5377:
5332:
4440:
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2000:
1956:
1723:
1296:
1067:
826:
752:
555:
515:
450:
370:
186:
31:
2121:'s reforms of the Russian Liturgy. All Eastern Catholics in the Russian Federation strictly maintain the use of
1768:
on 23 July 1936. Similarly to Metropolitan Bartholomew Remov, her remains were secretly cremated at buried in a
1515:, the Exarch revealed that felt profoundly moved to be incarcerated in the former monastery complex once led by
6150:
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5594:
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2542:
2366:
2122:
2004:
1691:
1280:
822:
374:
310:
209:
191:
1679:
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5703:
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3374:
Blessed Leonid Feodorov: First Exarch of the Russian Catholic Church; Bridgebuilder between Rome and Moscow
3357:
Blessed Leonid Feodorov: First Exarch of the Russian Catholic Church; Bridgebuilder between Rome and Moscow
3340:
Blessed Leonid Feodorov: First Exarch of the Russian Catholic Church; Bridgebuilder between Rome and Moscow
3253:
Blessed Leonid Feodorov: First Exarch of the Russian Catholic Church; Bridgebuilder between Rome and Moscow
3236:
Blessed Leonid Feodorov: First Exarch of the Russian Catholic Church; Bridgebuilder between Rome and Moscow
3200:
3172:
Blessed Leonid Feodorov: First Exarch of the Russian Catholic Church; Bridgebuilder between Rome and Moscow
2817:
Blessed Leonid Feodorov: First Exarch of the Russian Catholic Church; Bridgebuilder between Rome and Moscow
2416:
Blessed Leonid Feodorov: First Exarch of the Russian Catholic Church; Bridgebuilder between Rome and Moscow
6140:
6081:
6076:
5710:
5516:
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5362:
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4920:
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4748:
4425:
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2504:
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2039:
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and the Pope chose to place the Russicum under her patronage. The Russicum faculty included the prominent
1629:
1436:
1322:
1207:
1080:
692:
of Moscow, preached sermons in Tsar Ivan the Terrible's presence that condemned the indiscriminate use of
356:
324:
181:
3746:
An online article about a visit to Moscow's Russian Catholics shortly after the fall of the Soviet Union.
3377:
3360:
3343:
3256:
3239:
3175:
2820:
1275:, had long been the driving force behind the formerly underground Russian Catholic parish in Moscow, was
5845:
5672:
5097:
4878:
4743:
4589:
4295:
4233:
4192:
4177:
3627:
Brides of Christ, Martyrs for Russia: Mother Catherine Abrikosova and the Eastern Rite Dominican Sisters
3519:
Brides of Christ, Martyrs for Russia: Mother Catherine Abrikosova and the Eastern Rite Dominican Sisters
3150:
Brides of Christ, Martyrs for Russia: Mother Catherine Abrikosova and the Eastern Rite Dominican Sisters
2487:
2437:
Brides of Christ, Martyrs for Russia: Mother Catherine Abrikosova and the Eastern Rite Dominican Sisters
2155:
2019:
two parishes and a pastoral center operate without official registration. There are also communities in
1727:
1478:
1401:
1351:
1326:
as her motto in the religious life, "Christ did not come down from the Cross, they took Him down dead."
1226:
1163:
1147:
1078:, but without the actual title, over the Russian Empire. In addition to the extremely rare privilege of
1043:
981:
858:
737:
539:
504:
Catholic priests with bi-ritual faculties. The Russian Greek Catholic Church is currently led by Bishop
66:
4328:
3775:
3125:
Brides of Christ, Martyrs for Russia: Mother Catherine Abriksova and the Eastern Rite Dominican Sisters
2778:
1940:
1557:
1011:
1002:. According to his biographer Fr. Cyril Korolevsky, Sheptytsky's lifelong obsession with reuniting the
583:
3557:
3531:
3207:
2279:
1804:
1641:
6201:
5249:
5218:
5115:
4996:
4910:
4790:
4693:
4410:
4405:
4278:
4209:
4187:
2215:
2148:
1670:
of anti-communist political refugees and, despite the anti-religious persecution taking place in the
1508:
During a conversation inside the anti-religious museum at Solovki with fellow Russian Greek Catholic
1498:
1463:
1440:
1330:
1022:
795:
760:
733:
725:
705:
681:
646:
571:
531:
6038:
5940:
5733:
5717:
5237:
5147:
4598:
4542:
4490:
4391:
4353:
4068:
3935:
3913:
3434:
2567:
2355:
2261:
1924:
1734:
1613:
1597:
1490:
1425:
1409:
1303:
1284:
1222:
1202:. Despite angry questions being raised about his incarceration by members of the Opposition in the
1097:
1018:
992:
977:
924:
921:
811:
803:
772:
689:
627:
611:
595:
551:
510:
396:
315:
1860:
Georgii Davidovich Friedmann to be secretly and illegally ordained by a Bishop of the underground
661:
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5875:
4733:
4725:
4468:
4169:
4136:
4056:
2152:
2008:
1849:
to administer the Sacraments. This continued until 1979, when the surviving Sisters arranged for
1827:
1659:
1573:
1509:
1486:
1448:
1417:
1344:
1318:
1268:
729:
575:
385:
1549:
991:
The person most responsible for the creation of the Russian Greek Catholic Church, however, was
30:"Russian Catholic Church" redirects here. For an overview of the Catholic Church in Russia, see
3034:
2836:, Stauropegion, 1993. Distributed in North America by Eastern Christian Publications. Page 250.
1666:, was intended to train Russian Greek Catholic priests to serve as missionaries in the growing
546:– is still tenuous, with little organisation in place. Their existence remains a flashpoint in
6018:
5254:
4579:
4459:
4226:
4182:
3702:
3679:
3662:
3395:
3042:
2970:
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2656:
2384:
2284:
1996:
1968:
1905:
1698:
1683:
1646:
1609:
1565:
1474:
1385:, entered into communion with the Holy See along with his entire parish, which was located at
1382:
1337:
1234:
1175:
1151:
1105:
995:
866:
834:
744:
642:
534:
before her death in 1936. The position of Eastern Catholics in Russia – as opposed to that of
156:
2423:
To Courageously Know and Follow After Truth: The Life and Work of Mother Catherine Abrikosova
1439:, and the Exarch of the Russian Greek Catholic Church first met one another and conversed in
1085:
anti-Catholic Imperial Russian Government would cause an enormous amount of trouble for him.
976:. Under oath, Fr. Nicholas renounced all contrary to Catholic doctrine and accepted both the
5880:
5654:
5616:
5574:
5502:
5497:
5464:
5271:
5204:
5167:
5162:
5142:
5137:
5062:
4915:
4905:
4865:
4396:
4214:
4197:
3922:
3015:
2606:
2552:
2532:
2499:
2467:
2321:
2166:
2130:
2090:
2043:
2031:
2020:
1984:
1936:
1815:
1780:
1773:
1687:
1667:
1633:
1553:
1482:
1397:
1370:
1363:
1254:
1158:
of a Province which had long been claimed as Russian territory by both extreme and moderate
957:
942:
885:
854:
748:
721:
709:
623:
587:
342:
301:
172:
90:
71:
51:
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2374:
La fede e il martirio. P. Pietro Leoni s.j.: un missionario italiano nell'inferno dei Gulag
1241:, where he convened an ecclesiastical council under the secret authority granted to him by
1178:
to Russian Orthodoxy was immediately implemented. Despite his efforts to maintain a purely
6115:
5998:
5855:
5820:
5626:
5621:
5546:
5541:
5482:
5407:
5157:
5087:
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3815:
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3314:
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2517:
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1928:
1886:
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1845:
1470:
1432:
1314:
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1250:
934:
873:
842:
815:
791:
714:
615:
603:
535:
520:
454:
351:
165:
134:
3724:
Directory of Russian Greek Catholic churches, monasteries and institutions in the world.
900:
The modern Russian Catholic Church owes much to the inspiration of poet and philosopher
107:
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5531:
5521:
5507:
5492:
5172:
5067:
4951:
4930:
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4343:
4318:
4290:
4221:
3285:
2619:
2527:
2522:
2474:
2445:
2400:
2309:
2163:
1944:
1920:
1897:
1894:
1796:
1765:
1652:
1577:
1561:
1238:
1113:
1089:
1003:
984:. At Fr. Nicholas's request, all documents relating to his conversion were conveyed to
917:
830:
756:
701:
466:
447:
218:
17:
2711:
1987:
as temporary Exarch. The Pope then moved quickly to replace Father Sergey with Bishop
1741:, where he had been assigned to live in internal exile following his release from the
1317:
took vows as a Dominican sister, assuming at that time her religious name in honor of
700:. Metropolitan Philip also withheld the traditional blessing from the Tsar during the
6165:
5925:
5885:
5770:
5692:
5677:
5526:
5487:
5293:
5177:
4974:
4643:
4358:
3734:“A Brief History of The Russian Byzantine Catholic Church and the Russian Catholics.”
3003:
2577:
2449:
2325:
2223:
2195:
It has been vacant since 1951, having had only two incumbents, both belonging to the
2110:
2035:
1964:
1916:
1788:
1757:
1715:
1494:
1413:
1405:
1171:
1124:
1047:
985:
929:
807:
685:
638:
599:
458:
200:
2682:"Russian Byzantine Catholic Church: caught between the Vatican and Russian Orthodox"
1154:, an infamously anti-Catholic member of the Tsarist civil service, was appointed as
5900:
5835:
5765:
5755:
5682:
5582:
5551:
5327:
5276:
5044:
4986:
4883:
4654:
4571:
4527:
4522:
4512:
4323:
4250:
3886:
3850:
3661:. Translated by Keleher, Serge. Fairfax, Virginia: Eastern Christian Publications.
3475:
3417:
3078:
2390:
2172:
2051:
1988:
1792:
1703:
1675:
1671:
1663:
1512:
1187:
1101:
1027:
946:
905:
693:
543:
505:
501:
333:
95:
83:
2846:
590:
beliefs grew as a result of the Church in Rus strengthening its alliance with the
3472:
Hide Me Within Thy Wounds: The Persecution of the Catholic Church in the U.S.S.R.
3414:
Hide Me Within Thy Wounds: The Persecution of the Catholic Church in the U.S.S.R.
6096:
5952:
5825:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5780:
5082:
5017:
4873:
4798:
4776:
4624:
4386:
4348:
1992:
1980:
1976:
1932:
1857:
1761:
1586:
1459:
1310:
1291:. Even though the ordination of married men to the priesthood is allowed by the
1242:
1159:
1131:
1109:
1088:
Soon after, the semi-underground parish of the Russian Greek Catholic Church in
1058:
579:
152:
6135:
4051:
3191:, Pontificio Istituto Orientale, Piazza S. Maria Maggiore, Roma. Pages 142–143.
1519:. The Exarch also reverently kissed both the vestments once used by the former
380:
5790:
5785:
5609:
5536:
5152:
5072:
4703:
2405:
Heralds of a Catholic Russia: Twelve Spiritual Pilgrims from Byzantium to Rome
2126:
1850:
1834:
1800:
1769:
1542:
1538:
1530:
1378:
1276:
1257:
1179:
1038:
Tsarist policy of persecuting Eastern Catholics continued unchecked until the
764:
697:
567:
527:
3678:. Fargo, North Dakota: Germans from Russia Cultural Preservation Foundation.
3676:
Hide Me Within Thy Wounds: The Persecution of the Catholic Church in the USSR
2660:
2430:
Hide Me Within Thy Wounds; The Persecution of the Catholic Church in the USSR
5895:
5890:
5860:
5556:
5319:
5303:
5288:
5132:
5022:
4900:
4890:
4758:
4537:
4063:
3842:
3833:
3807:
3666:
3019:
2790:
2114:
2098:
2097:
soil celebrating the Russian Byzantine Divine Liturgy. Two of them used the
2083:
2047:
1972:
1890:
1605:
1502:
1369:
At the same time, though, conversions continued to take place. In 1918, Fr.
1071:
850:
784:
634:
524:
443:
391:
127:
3502:
Spies in the Vatican: Espionage and Intrigue from Napoleon to the Holocaust
3399:
1245:
in 1907 and 1908. During the Council, the Metropolitan organized the first
787:
and then personally murdered several priests who attempted to retrieve it.
2272:
Arrived in Harbin in September 1928. Recalled to Rome in 1933. Died 1946.
956:
On August 9, 1894, a Russian Orthodox priest and protegé of Solovyov, Fr.
884:
to a fellow Catholic seminarian more than a decade before the fall of the
6043:
5870:
4969:
4338:
2572:
1948:
1844:
Meanwhile, because of the rigorous training and spiritual formation that
1831:
1819:
1784:
1444:
1421:
1404:. At the time, Patriarch Tikhon was faced with the ongoing Soviet-backed
1300:
1183:
1007:
961:
913:
862:
547:
474:
2783:
Christ in Russia: The History, Tradition, and Life of the Russian Church
2354:, Translated by Joseph Lake and Brendan D. King. St. Augustine's Press,
484:
Russian Catholics historically had their own episcopal hierarchy in the
5840:
5120:
4678:
4552:
4495:
3765:
2219:
2102:
2024:
2012:
2011:. By 2010, five parishes had been registered with civil authorities in
1912:
1527:
1520:
1390:
1355:
1199:
1195:
1063:
889:
877:
780:
768:
677:
673:
3733:
1537:
During a later conversation, the Exarch confided in Danzas, "The true
1182:
stance, Metropolitan Andrey almost immediately became one of the many
892:
of the blood of her martyrs and numerous sufferings of her apostles."
660:
During a speech at the St. Procopius Unionistic Congress in 1959, Fr.
5993:
5298:
5283:
5227:
5194:
2478:
2094:
2071:
2055:
2016:
1883:
1803:
there. All were captured almost immediately, having been betrayed by
1738:
1617:
1485:. Feodorov was found guilty and sentenced to ten years in the Soviet
1467:
1374:
1261:
1215:
1167:
973:
881:
3640:
The Gulag Archipelago: An Experiment in Literary Investigation: I-II
2383:, translated by Fr. Serge Keleher. Eastern Christian Publications,
1655:, who both ultimately faced highly similar fates to Exarch Fabijan.
696:
against real and imagined traitors and their entire families by the
622:
and non-Catholic. The schism was further cemented in 1588, when the
3761:
Normalization of the Position of Byzantine Rite Catholics in Russia
3521:, Translated and self published by Geraldine Kelley. Pages 241–313.
2901:
Ivan Sergeevich Gagarin: The Search for Orthodox and Catholic Union
2363:
Ivan Sergeevich Gagarin: The Search for Orthodox and Catholic Union
1783:, several Greek Catholic Jesuit priests who had graduated from the
6091:
5259:
5223:
4079:
3695:
The Forgotten: Catholics in the Soviet Empire from Lenin to Stalin
2109:
of Moscow in 1666. The other priest used the medieval rite of the
2079:
2059:
1838:
1742:
1637:
1601:
1569:
1359:
493:
27:
Eastern Catholic Church in full communion with the Catholic Church
3755:
5264:
4983:
3060:
3058:
2503:
was filmed inside St. Andrew's Russian Greek Catholic Church in
2075:
2067:
1991:, the Latin Church Apostolic Administrator of Siberia, based in
1901:
1854:
1812:
1719:
1625:
1435:, the head of the American and Papal relief missions during the
938:
650:
566:
According to Fr. Christopher Lawrence Zugger, the conversion of
470:
78:
4083:
3779:
3728:
3270:
Red Priests: Renovationism, Russian Orthodoxy, & Revolution
2034:, there are Russian Catholic parishes and faith communities in
3751:
A visit to the same Russian rite Catholic community from 2001.
3629:, Translated and self published by Geraldine Kelley. Page 257.
3272:, 1905–1946 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002), 98.
3152:, Translated and Self Published by Geraldine Kelley. Page 358.
2473:
interviewed surviving Russian Greek-Catholic Dominican sister
1576:, in her memoirs. Mgr. Alexander, Iswolsky wrote, offered the
457:. Historically, it represents a both a movement away from the
3127:, Translated and Self Published by Geraldine Kelley. Page 33.
1112:
decreed that Russian Greek Catholic priests should offer the
2915:
2913:
1640:, the Harbin Exarchate fell under the Omophorion of Exarchs
2093:
stated that three Russian Greek Catholic priests served on
1818:, who worked between 1940 and 1944 as a lay translator for
1750:
Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union
1408:
and was determined defend the hard won independence of the
1070:, the Pope also granted Sheptytsky all the authority of an
751:
and control over the Russian Church had already caused the
3392:
Light Before Dusk: A Russian Catholic in France, 1923–1941
3004:"Eastern Catholic Churches and the Question of 'Uniatism'"
1616:
and based from the now ruined St. Vladimir's Cathedral in
1526:
When Danzas described her own recent struggles inside the
2969:. University Press of the Pontifical Oriental Institute.
2649:"Feeling Abandoned, Russian Catholics Appeal to the Pope"
763:
on March 30, 1700, was so enraged on 11 July 1705 to see
610:, for attempting to implement the reunion decrees of the
3609:
3607:
845:
between 1837 and 1839 and continuing with the 1874–1875
6197:
Christian organizations established in the 20th century
3597:
3572:"Ss. Cyril & Methodius Russian Byzantine Community"
1919:
of six of what Fr. Christopher Zugger has termed, "The
1600:
was set up, for the Russian Greek Catholic refugees in
1119:("No more, No Less, No Different") than priests of the
872:
It was almost certainly with these events in mind that
3280:
3278:
2768:, vol. I, New York: Harper & Row, p. 119
2736:
The Beautiful Witness of the Eastern Catholic Churches
2712:"Apostolic Exarchate of Russia, Russia (Russian Rite)"
1983:
and used their rights under canon law to elect Father
3558:"News from the Catholic Newmartyrs of Russia Program"
3532:"News from the Catholic Newmartyrs of Russia Program"
3189:
Pro Russia: The Russicum and Catholic Work for Russia
3041:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 1724.
3037:. In Kurian, George Thomas; Lamport, Mark A. (eds.).
2481:
during his research process. For this reason, Mother
1354:
soon followed, dispersing Russian Greek Catholics to
937:, Solovyov argued that, just as the world needed the
2439:, Translated and Self Published by Geraldine Kelley.
1564:
at the Church of the Holy Trinity, located near the
1050:were prominent in the early years of the movement.
6057:
5914:
5727:
5663:
5573:
5463:
5314:
5203:
5096:
5043:
4968:
4939:
4864:
4789:
4724:
4669:
4588:
4483:
4458:
4372:
4304:
4249:
4168:
4145:
3990:
3954:
3921:
3884:
3841:
3832:
2979:– via Catholic Near East Welfare Association.
2444:The Forgotten; Catholics in the Soviet Empire from
736:, they similarly experienced escalating and brutal
89:
77:
65:
41:
3489:Nothing Sacred: Nazi Espionage Against the Vatican
3309:
3307:
2222:of Ukrainian Studite Monks (1919 – 1944.11), then
514:, Jon Anderson wrote, "The new frontier among the
3574:. St. Elizabeth of Hungary Parish. Archived from
3487:David Alvarez and Robert A. Graham, S.J. (1997),
3079:"Metropolitan Sheptytsky's Importance to History"
3039:Encyclopedia of Christianity in the United States
2806:, The Macmillan Company, New York. Pages 104–124.
2226:of Ukrainian Studite Monks (1944.11 – 1951.05.01)
888:, "Russia will not repent without travelling the
876:, the future Greek Catholic Exarch of Russia and
1733:Exarch Leonid Feodorov died on 14 March 1935 at
2866:. Stanford University Press. pp. 112–302.
2538:Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (Moscow)
2352:The Seven Last Words of Our Lord Upon the Cross
2218:, M.S.U. (1939.09.17 – 1951.05.01); also first
2089:In a 2005 article, Russian Catholic priest Fr.
1624:. Exarch Fabijan was arrested, however, by the
1206:, Sheptytsky spent a total of three years as a
582:. It was only over the centuries following the
3560:. Catholic Newmartyrs of Russia. 16 June 2002.
3534:. Catholic Newmartyrs of Russia. 16 June 2002.
2967:The Eastern Christian Churches: A Brief Survey
2237:Russian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Harbin
2191:Russian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Russia
1701:had at first supported the Deputy Patriarchal
1622:Russian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Harbin
966:Félix Julien Xavier Jourdain de la Passardière
821:Meanwhile, with the grudging exception of the
490:Russian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Harbin
486:Russian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Russia
4095:
3791:
3222:Служение блаженного Леонида Федорова в России
3201:The Life and Death of Father Potapy Emelianov
904:(1853–1900). Inspired by the writings of Fr.
414:
49:
8:
2766:Christendom: A Short History of Christianity
2588:Church of the Assumption of Mary (Astrakhan)
2113:, that is to say, as the Russian liturgical
964:by making profession of faith before Bishop
829:were increasingly treated as illegal in the
6192:Christian organizations established in 1917
3474:, Germans from Russia Heritage Collection,
3433:, Germans from Russia Heritage Collection.
3416:, Germans from Russia Heritage Collection,
3315:"Bl. Leonid Feodorov – Saints & Angels"
2956:
2954:
2952:
2151:. The Ordinariate has minimal structure. A
1636:. After Exarch Fabijan was martyred in the
783:, that the Tsar immediately desecrated the
653:in 1547 and gutted the independence of the
633:Out of all Eastern Orthodox Churches, what
618:. It was only then that the Church in Rus'
6024:International Alliance of Catholic Knights
4965:
4480:
4165:
4102:
4088:
4080:
3838:
3798:
3784:
3776:
3102:
3064:
2989:
2943:
2931:
2919:
2432:, Germans From Russia Heritage Collection.
2324:of the Marian Fathers in Rome. Later made
1748:On June 17, 1935, a closed session of the
1662:, which was founded on August 15, 1929 by
1210:held by the Russian Orthodox monks at the
668:In defiance of the Tsar's absolute power,
421:
407:
102:
2890:, Stauropegion, Lviv. Volume 1. Page 285.
2421:Sr. Mary of the Sacred Heart, OP (2013),
1875:Sisters founded in August 1917 by Mother
1247:Apostolic Exarchate for Russian Catholics
592:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
469:with and subject to the authority of the
3598:"Католики византийского обряда в России"
2615:Rossiyskaya greko-katolicheskaya tserkov
2240:
1632:was interrupted by the beginning of the
1100:and those of Pro-Orientalist priest Fr.
1021:of Lviv and Halych at the insistence of
3642:, Harper & Row Publishers. Page 37.
3458:
3446:
3139:, (1952 Edition), pages 23–26, 350–353.
2639:
2599:
1697:Meanwhile, Russian Orthodox Archbishop
960:, entered into full communion with the
508:as its ordinary. In a 2019 article for
341:
323:
300:
217:
199:
171:
123:
3613:
3544:
3077:Zariczniak, Larysa (5 November 2015).
2751:
1971:to refuse out of concern for damaging
1541:of the Russian Church is not what the
1076:self-governing Eastern Catholic Church
614:, and his replacement by Metropolitan
479:Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches
38:
2611:Российская греко-католическая церковь
1953:Congregation for the Causes of Saints
1824:Congregation for the Eastern Churches
1572:. She later praised the pastor, Mgr.
1225:of 1917 and the forced abdication of
56:Российская греко-католическая церковь
7:
3491:, Frank Cass, London. Pages 114–139.
3035:"Other Eastern Orthodox Communities"
2963:"Other Eastern Catholic Communities"
2864:The Church Reform of Peter the Great
1923:of the Russian Catholic Exarchate":
1756:Mother Catherine Abrikosova died of
1162:. A policy of anti-Eastern Catholic
641:reached its greatest extreme in the
3394:. Longmans, Green. pp. 57–59.
3187:Fr. Constantin Simon, S.J. (2009),
2140:and Harbin are still listed in the
1628:after a visit to his family in the
1108:to make a decision on the dispute,
465:with the Catholic Church. It is in
164:Particular churches are grouped by
2314:20 October 1939 – 13 February 1952
2211:, M.S.U. (1917.05.28 – 1935.03.07)
2136:As of 2014, the two Exarchates of
1811:, former Russicum seminarian, and
1233:ordered his release. Metropolitan
578:was an entry into a still unified
554:, who are intensely suspicious of
459:control of the Church by the State
25:
6177:History of Christianity in Russia
3756:The Catholic Newmartyrs of Russia
2647:Rocca, Francis X. (7 June 2017).
2624:Ecclesia Graeca Catholica Russica
2129:Liturgies are more common in the
1424:under the terms laid down at the
1190:intellectuals, and clergy of the
908:, who had sought to win over the
608:Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus'
594:. In 1441, however, Grand Prince
439:Russian Byzantine Catholic Church
6146:
6145:
6134:
6102:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
5650:Criticism of the Catholic Church
4062:
4050:
3912:
3693:Zugger, Fr. Christopher (2001).
3372:Fr. Paul Mailleux, S.J. (2017),
3355:Fr. Paul Mailleux, S.J. (2017),
3338:Fr. Paul Mailleux, S.J. (2017),
3251:Fr. Paul Mailleux, S.J. (2017),
3234:Fr. Paul Mailleux, S.J. (2017),
3170:Fr. Paul Mailleux, S.J. (2017),
2815:Fr. Paul Mailleux, S.J. (2017),
2802:Constantine de Grunwald (1960),
2414:Fr. Paul Mailleux, S.J. (2017),
2372:Antonio Costa and Enrica Zerni,
1995:. Bishop Werth was appointed by
1136:Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
970:Church of St. Louis des Français
602:by ordering the imprisonment of
530:and spent more than 10 years in
390:
379:
146:
141:
106:
4269:First seven ecumenical councils
3771:www.damian-hungs.de (in German)
3659:Metropolitan Andrew (1865–1944)
3638:Alexander Solzhenitsyn (1973),
3224:. Православные католики Одессы.
2899:Jeffrey Bruce Beshoner (2002),
2888:Metropolitan Andrew (1865–1944)
2851:. Paris: Renou at Maulde. 1863.
2834:Metropolitan Andrew (1865–1944)
2381:Metropolitan Andrew (1865–1944)
2361:Jeffrey Bruce Beshoner (2002),
2201:Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
1862:Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
1321:, and founded a Greek-Catholic
1289:Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church
1192:Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
1134:, the heavily Eastern Catholic
1117:Nec Plus, Nec Minus, Nec Aliter
1092:split between the followers of
1000:Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
461:and towards the reunion of the
4844:Separation of church and state
2688:. 10 July 2017. Archived from
2494:The opening scene of the 1980
1779:Following the outbreak of the
1548:Missions also continued among
1231:Russian Provisional Government
916:without abandoning either the
839:Archeparchy of Polotsk-Vitebsk
620:became definitively schismatic
1:
6187:1917 establishments in Russia
6172:Russian Greek Catholic Church
3923:Major archiepiscopal churches
2583:Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov
2379:Fr. Cyril Korolevsky (1993),
2231:Apostolic Exarchate of Harbin
2185:Apostolic Exarchate of Russia
1585:Russian religious style; the
1104:. When asked by Metropolitan
902:Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov
435:Russian Greek Catholic Church
42:Russian Greek Catholic Church
2787:The Bruce Publishing Company
1869:collapse of the Soviet Union
1556:. Following her conversion,
1212:Monastery of Saint Euthymius
941:as a universal monarch, the
657:from control by the State.
570:in 988 at the orders of the
3826:ecclesiastical jurisdiction
3766:The Byzantine – Slavic Rite
3137:Dominican Tertiaries Manual
2764:Bainton, Roland H. (1966),
2442:Christopher Zugger (2001),
1017:Following his elevation to
847:Conversion of Chelm Eparchy
708:, Tsar Ivan allegedly sent
556:Catholic activity in Russia
6218:
6141:Catholic Church portal
3657:Korolevsky, Cyril (1993).
3506:University Press of Kansas
3220:Парфентьев, Павел (2017).
3114:Korolevsky (1993), p. 311.
3033:Butcher, Brian A. (2016).
2409:World Apostolate of Fatima
2342:The Servant of God Mother
2328:. Died in office in prison
2234:
2199:(M.S.U., a Byzantine Rite
2188:
1447:alone, his assistant, Fr.
1271:, who along with his wife
1055:Russian Revolution of 1905
1040:Russian Revolution of 1905
912:to reunification with the
626:of Moscow was raised to a
29:
6182:Catholic Church in Russia
6129:
6067:Aid to the Church in Need
5688:Vatican Television Center
5333:Eastern Catholic Churches
4117:
4045:
3910:
3822:
3699:Syracuse University Press
3508:. Pages 222–236, 316–318.
3286:"Blessed Leonid Feodorov"
3161:Osipova (2014), page 275.
3022:– via ResearchGate.
2961:Roberson, Ronald (2005).
2886:Cyril Korolevsky (1993),
2832:Father Cyril Korolevsky,
2610:
2548:Eastern Catholic Churches
2455:Syracuse University Press
2428:Irina I. Osipova (2003),
2007:Eastern Catholics in the
1957:Catholic Church in Russia
1412:from again being lost to
1297:Eastern Catholic Churches
1287:Andrey Sheptytsky of the
1237:travelled immediately to
1194:who were arrested by the
1068:Catholic Church in Russia
1066:. In order to spread the
827:Eastern Catholic Churches
806:with a department of the
771:, bishop, and martyr St.
755:of Greek Catholic Deacon
516:Eastern Catholic Churches
371:Eastern Catholic Churches
55:
50:
46:
32:Catholic Church in Russia
6009:Communion and Liberation
5473:Eastern Catholic liturgy
4638:Mystici Corporis Christi
4566:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
3390:Iswolsky, Helen (1942).
2905:University of Notre Dame
2862:Cracraft, James (1971).
2543:Church Slavonic language
2367:University of Notre Dame
2005:Armenian Catholic Church
1787:in Rome, including Frs.
1582:liturgical latinisations
823:Armenian Catholic Church
375:Eastern Catholic liturgy
4824:Philosophy of canon law
4754:Mariology of the saints
4334:Investiture Controversy
4069:Christianity portal
3674:Osipova, Irina (2003).
3020:10.2143/LS.31.3.2028184
3002:Khomych, Taras (2006).
2298:Apostolic administrator
2197:Ukrainian Studite Monks
1967:to repeatedly persuade
1947:; was submitted to the
1915:towards the Causes for
1690:, and Catholic convert
1560:regularly attended the
1431:This was why, when Fr.
1366:throughout the world.
1174:and both voluntary and
1140:Austro-Hungarian Empire
1121:Russian Orthodox Church
910:Russian Orthodox Church
896:Intellectual precursors
855:13 unarmed men and boys
655:Russian Orthodox Church
463:Russian Orthodox Church
451:Eastern Catholic Church
397:Christianity portal
18:Russian Catholic Church
6077:Catholic Charities USA
5711:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
5699:Vatican Polyglot Press
4749:Mariology of the popes
4387:Protestant Reformation
4057:Catholicism portal
3625:Irina Osipova (2014),
3517:Irina Osipova (2014),
3500:David Alvarez (2002),
3470:Irina Osipova (2003),
3412:Irina Osipova (2003),
3148:Irina Osipova (2014),
3123:Irina Osipova (2014),
2623:
2505:El Segundo, California
2471:Alexander Solzhenitsyn
2435:Irina Osipova (2014),
2418:, Loreto Publications.
2171:2004 – Present Bishop
1955:by the Bishops of the
1630:Second Polish Republic
1437:Russian famine of 1921
1323:religious congregation
1208:prisoner of conscience
1130:After the outbreak of
1081:Communicatio in sacris
550:'s relations with the
386:Catholicism portal
325:Latin liturgical rites
5831:Good Shepherd Sisters
5673:Holy See Press Office
4911:Doctors of the Church
4744:Immaculate Conception
4699:Anointing of the Sick
4234:History of the papacy
3955:Metropolitan churches
3843:Ancient patriarchates
3739:24 March 2013 at the
3429:I.I. Osipova (2003),
2563:All Russia and Moscow
2488:The Gulag Archipelago
2235:Further information:
2189:Further information:
1837:region of the Soviet
1728:anti-Soviet agitation
1479:anti-Soviet agitation
1402:Benjamin of Petrograd
1393:, in modern Ukraine.
1352:religious persecution
1196:Tsarist secret police
1164:religious persecution
1148:Imperial Russian Army
982:First Vatican Council
869:on January 24, 1874.
859:Imperial Russian Army
738:religious persecution
523:, was subjected to a
5704:L'Osservatore Romano
5642:Role in civilisation
5368:Croatian and Serbian
5116:Episcopal conference
5078:St. Peter's Basilica
4436:Sexual abuse scandal
4392:Catholic Reformation
3834:Patriarchal churches
2483:Catherine Abrikosova
2344:Catherine Abrikosova
2216:Klymentiy Sheptytsky
2149:Ukrainians in Russia
1877:Catherine Abrikosova
1517:St. Philip of Moscow
1499:Solovetsky Monastery
1493:, located above the
1464:Konstanty Budkiewicz
1441:Ecclesiastical Latin
1414:control by the State
1406:Living Church Schism
1334:Martyrs of Compiègne
1023:Emperor Franz Joseph
796:Theophan Prokopovich
779:monastery church in
767:of Eastern Catholic
761:Solovetsky Monastery
734:Partitions of Poland
726:Khmelnytsky Uprising
706:Massacre of Novgorod
684:, located above the
682:Solovetsky Monastery
647:Ivan IV the Terrible
586:that anti-Papal and
584:Great Schism in 1054
572:Grand Prince of Kiev
532:solitary confinement
521:Catherine Abrikosova
243:Croatian and Serbian
6039:Neocatechumenal Way
6004:Charismatic Renewal
5718:Annuario Pontificio
5316:Particular churches
4992:Ecumenical councils
4764:Perpetual virginity
4599:Communitas perfecta
4543:Sermon on the Mount
3812:particular churches
3578:on 12 November 2017
3547:, pp. 157–169.
3435:Fargo, North Dakota
3378:Loreto Publications
3361:Loreto Publications
3344:Loreto Publications
3290:CatholicSaints.Info
3257:Loreto Publications
3240:Loreto Publications
3176:Loreto Publications
2821:Loreto Publications
2740:The Catholic Herald
2738:, by Jon Anderson,
2653:Wall Street Journal
2568:Niederalteich Abbey
2407:, Blue Army Press,
2356:South Bend, Indiana
2262:Fabijan Abrantovich
2142:Annuario Pontificio
1925:Fabijan Abrantovich
1853:convert and former
1828:political prisoners
1776:of central Moscow.
1724:Petrovsky Monastery
1709:Metropolitan Sergei
1614:Fabijan Abrantovich
1598:Apostolic Exarchate
1487:concentration camps
1473:was prosecuted for
1426:Council of Florence
1410:Moscow Patriarchate
1387:Nizhnaya Bogdanovka
1331:Discalced Carmelite
1249:with Most Reverend
1223:February Revolution
1098:Aleksei Zerchaninov
1019:Metropolitan bishop
993:Metropolitan bishop
978:Council of Florence
925:liturgical language
922:Old Church Slavonic
920:or the traditional
833:beginning with the
804:Patriarch of Moscow
798:, as part of their
773:Josaphat Kuntsevych
724:as a result of the
690:Metropolitan bishop
612:Council of Florence
596:Vasily II of Moscow
511:The Catholic Herald
125:Particular churches
5876:Premonstratensians
4259:Ante-Nicene period
4137:Lists of Catholics
3292:. 12 February 2009
3105:, p. 282-287.
3067:, p. 269-274.
2992:, p. 261-269.
2946:, p. 254-256.
2907:Press. pp. 49-208.
2462:In popular culture
2425:, DNS Publications
2395:Spio del Vaticano!
2266:20 May 1928 – 1939
2156:mitered archpriest
2153:Byzantine Catholic
2009:Russian Federation
1809:Estonian Orthodoxy
1680:Thérèse of Lisieux
1660:Collegium Russicum
1612:missionary priest
1596:In 1928, a second
1574:Alexander Evreinov
1510:political prisoner
1449:Louis J. Gallagher
1418:Vladimir Abrikosov
1345:October Revolution
1319:Catherine of Siena
1304:spiritual director
1269:Vladimir Abrikosov
1176:forced conversions
861:in the village of
743:For example, Tsar
730:Great Northern War
649:assumed the title
576:Vladimir the Great
6159:
6158:
5569:
5568:
4962:
4785:
4784:
4477:
4454:
4453:
4446:COVID-19 pandemic
4416:French Revolution
4406:Thirty Years' War
4314:Islamic conquests
4227:Apostolic fathers
4162:
4077:
4076:
4017:Croat and Serbian
3908:
3907:
3708:978-0-8156-0679-6
3685:978-1-891193-38-5
3268:Edward E. Roslof,
3048:978-1-4422-4432-0
2873:978-0-8047-0747-3
2754:, pp. 12–14.
2385:Fairfax, Virginia
2334:
2333:
2203:monastic order):
2038:, New York City,
1997:Pope John Paul II
1969:Pope John Paul II
1941:Halina Jętkiewicz
1906:Pope John Paul II
1807:, a convert from
1699:Bartholomew Remov
1692:Vyacheslav Ivanov
1684:Russian Symbolist
1591:Rubleff's Trinity
1475:counterrevolution
1400:and Metropolitan
1383:Russian Orthodoxy
1381:tradition within
1338:French Revolution
1235:Andrey Sheptytsky
1152:Georgiy Bobrinsky
1106:Andrey Sheptytsky
996:Andrey Sheptytsky
835:forced conversion
645:, beginning when
643:Tsardom of Russia
637:was later to dub
453:of the worldwide
431:
430:
157:Patriarchal cross
101:
100:
16:(Redirected from
6209:
6149:
6148:
6139:
6138:
5881:Redemptoristines
5729:Religious orders
5655:Anti-Catholicism
5605:Church buildings
5465:Catholic liturgy
5205:Consecrated life
5063:Apostolic Palace
5030:Synod of Bishops
4966:
4942:
4548:Ten Commandments
4481:
4463:
4364:Age of Discovery
4198:Great Commission
4166:
4150:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4081:
4067:
4066:
4055:
4054:
3916:
3839:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3777:
3712:
3689:
3670:
3643:
3636:
3630:
3623:
3617:
3611:
3602:
3601:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3554:
3548:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3528:
3522:
3515:
3509:
3498:
3492:
3485:
3479:
3478:. Pages 137–176.
3468:
3462:
3456:
3450:
3444:
3438:
3427:
3421:
3420:. Pages 137–176.
3410:
3404:
3403:
3387:
3381:
3370:
3364:
3353:
3347:
3346:. Pages 236–237.
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3311:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3282:
3273:
3266:
3260:
3259:. Pages 150-153.
3249:
3243:
3242:. Pages 155–187.
3232:
3226:
3225:
3217:
3211:
3208:Pavel Parfentiev
3205:
3198:
3192:
3185:
3179:
3178:. Pages 160–165.
3168:
3162:
3159:
3153:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3121:
3115:
3112:
3106:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3053:
3052:
3030:
3024:
3023:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2958:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2908:
2897:
2891:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2843:
2837:
2830:
2824:
2823:. Pages 236–237.
2813:
2807:
2804:Saints of Russia
2800:
2794:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2761:
2755:
2749:
2743:
2742:, March 7, 2019.
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2644:
2627:
2612:
2604:
2553:Florentine Union
2533:Chevetogne Abbey
2500:The Black Marble
2468:Soviet dissident
2322:superior general
2288:
2280:Vendelín Javorka
2241:
2207:Blessed Leontiy
2167:Sergey Golovanov
2131:Russian diaspora
2091:Sergei Golovanov
2032:Russian diaspora
2021:Saint Petersburg
1985:Sergey Golovanov
1937:Potapy Emelianov
1805:Alexander Kurtna
1781:Second World War
1774:Donskoy Cemetery
1688:literary scholar
1668:Russian diaspora
1650:
1642:Vendelín Javorka
1634:Second World War
1554:Russian diaspora
1483:Nikolai Krylenko
1398:Tikhon of Moscow
1371:Potapy Emelianov
1364:Russian diaspora
1313:in August 1917,
1309:On the feast of
1267:On 19 May 1917,
1255:Russian Orthodox
1227:Tsar Nicholas II
1198:and deported to
1156:Governor General
1094:Pro-Latinisation
1044:Tsar Nicholas II
958:Nicholas Tolstoy
886:House of Romanov
749:anti-Catholicism
722:House of Romanov
710:Malyuta Skuratov
624:Metropolitan See
552:Russian Orthodox
498:Eastern Orthodox
423:
416:
409:
395:
394:
384:
383:
343:West Syriac Rite
302:East Syriac Rite
173:Alexandrian Rite
150:
145:
110:
103:
61:
59:
58:
57:
39:
21:
6217:
6216:
6212:
6211:
6210:
6208:
6207:
6206:
6162:
6161:
6160:
6155:
6133:
6125:
6104:
6087:Relief Services
6053:
5999:Catholic Action
5989:Military orders
5926:Confraternities
5918:of the faithful
5917:
5910:
5732:
5723:
5659:
5565:
5459:
5318:
5310:
5243:Prior, Prioress
5199:
5092:
5088:Vatican Museums
5039:
4972:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4941:
4935:
4860:
4814:Social teaching
4781:
4720:
4665:
4620:One true church
4584:
4561:Sixtine Vulgate
4557:Official Bible
4471:
4467:
4462:
4450:
4368:
4300:
4245:
4215:Petrine primacy
4158:
4154:
4149:
4141:
4113:
4111:Catholic Church
4108:
4078:
4073:
4061:
4049:
4041:
3986:
3950:
3917:
3904:
3880:
3828:
3818:
3816:Catholic Church
3804:
3741:Wayback Machine
3720:
3715:
3709:
3692:
3686:
3673:
3656:
3652:
3647:
3646:
3637:
3633:
3624:
3620:
3612:
3605:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3581:
3579:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3543:
3539:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3516:
3512:
3499:
3495:
3486:
3482:
3469:
3465:
3457:
3453:
3445:
3441:
3428:
3424:
3411:
3407:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3371:
3367:
3354:
3350:
3337:
3333:
3323:
3321:
3319:Catholic Online
3313:
3312:
3305:
3295:
3293:
3284:
3283:
3276:
3267:
3263:
3250:
3246:
3233:
3229:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3186:
3182:
3169:
3165:
3160:
3156:
3147:
3143:
3135:
3131:
3122:
3118:
3113:
3109:
3103:Korolevsky 1993
3101:
3097:
3087:
3085:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3065:Korolevsky 1993
3063:
3056:
3049:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3008:Louvain Studies
3001:
3000:
2996:
2990:Korolevsky 1993
2988:
2984:
2977:
2960:
2959:
2950:
2944:Korolevsky 1993
2942:
2938:
2932:Korolevsky 1993
2930:
2926:
2920:Korolevsky 1993
2918:
2911:
2898:
2894:
2885:
2881:
2874:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2831:
2827:
2814:
2810:
2801:
2797:
2779:Hélène Iswolsky
2777:
2773:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2750:
2746:
2734:
2730:
2720:
2718:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2695:
2693:
2692:on 13 July 2017
2680:
2679:
2675:
2665:
2663:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2630:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2559:Isidore of Kiev
2518:Anna Abrikosova
2514:
2496:romantic comedy
2464:
2339:
2337:Further reading
2282:
2239:
2233:
2209:Leonid Feodorov
2193:
2187:
2182:
2123:Church Slavonic
2119:Patriarch Nikon
2117:existed before
2107:Patriarch Nikon
2105:as reformed by
2101:of the Russian
1929:Anna Abrikosova
1921:Passion bearers
1887:Leonid Feodorov
1846:Anna Abrikosova
1644:
1558:Hélène Iswolsky
1471:Leonid Feodorov
1433:Edmund A. Walsh
1315:Anna Abrikosova
1273:Anna Abrikosova
1260:, as the first
1251:Leonid Feodorov
1036:
935:Dante Alighieri
898:
880:, predicted at
874:Leonid Feodorov
843:Joseph Semashko
816:Most Holy Synod
814:and called the
812:Ober-Procurator
802:, replaced the
745:Peter the Great
715:Leonid Feodorov
604:Isidore of Kiev
564:
455:Catholic Church
427:
389:
388:
378:
377:
373:
166:liturgical rite
159:
135:Catholic Church
132:
47:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6215:
6213:
6205:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6164:
6163:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6153:
6143:
6130:
6127:
6126:
6124:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6105:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6063:
6061:
6055:
6054:
6052:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6034:Legion of Mary
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5985:
5984:
5983:
5982:
5972:
5971:
5970:
5963:Lay Carmelites
5960:
5950:
5949:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5922:
5920:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5811:Conceptionists
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5746:Assumptionists
5742:
5740:
5725:
5724:
5722:
5721:
5714:
5707:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5675:
5669:
5667:
5661:
5660:
5658:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5613:
5612:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5591:
5590:
5579:
5577:
5571:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5514:
5513:
5512:
5511:
5510:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5469:
5467:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5450:
5448:Syro-Malankara
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5398:Italo-Albanian
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5330:
5324:
5322:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5308:
5307:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5286:
5281:
5280:
5279:
5269:
5268:
5267:
5262:
5252:
5247:
5246:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5216:
5209:
5207:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5125:
5124:
5123:
5118:
5107:
5105:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5068:Lateran Treaty
5065:
5060:
5055:
5049:
5047:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5026:
5025:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5008:
4994:
4989:
4980:
4978:
4963:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4870:
4868:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4856:
4851:
4841:
4840:
4839:
4829:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4804:Moral theology
4801:
4795:
4793:
4787:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4774:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4730:
4728:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4707:
4706:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4675:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4634:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4622:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4594:
4592:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4568:
4563:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4498:
4487:
4485:
4478:
4456:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4389:
4378:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4319:Pope Gregory I
4316:
4310:
4308:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4293:
4291:Biblical canon
4288:
4286:Late antiquity
4283:
4282:
4281:
4276:
4266:
4261:
4255:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4222:Church fathers
4219:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4174:
4172:
4163:
4156:Ecclesiastical
4143:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4099:
4092:
4084:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4059:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4027:Italo-Albanian
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3998:
3996:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3941:Syro-Malankara
3938:
3933:
3927:
3925:
3919:
3918:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3891:
3889:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3858:
3853:
3847:
3845:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3731:
3726:
3719:
3718:External links
3716:
3714:
3713:
3707:
3690:
3684:
3671:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3631:
3618:
3616:, p. 462.
3603:
3589:
3563:
3549:
3537:
3523:
3510:
3493:
3480:
3463:
3451:
3439:
3437:. Pages 43–44.
3422:
3405:
3382:
3365:
3348:
3331:
3303:
3274:
3261:
3244:
3227:
3212:
3193:
3180:
3163:
3154:
3141:
3129:
3116:
3107:
3095:
3083:Ukrainian Echo
3069:
3054:
3047:
3025:
3014:(3): 214–237.
2994:
2982:
2975:
2948:
2936:
2934:, p. 249.
2924:
2922:, p. 251.
2909:
2892:
2879:
2872:
2854:
2838:
2825:
2808:
2795:
2771:
2756:
2744:
2728:
2703:
2673:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2528:Byzantine Rite
2525:
2523:Peter Artemiev
2520:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2492:
2475:Nora Rubashova
2463:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2401:James Likoudis
2398:
2397:, Cinque lune.
2388:
2387:OCLC-52879869.
2377:
2370:
2359:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2318:
2317:Marian Fathers
2315:
2312:
2310:Andrzej Cikoto
2306:
2305:
2303:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2269:Marian Fathers
2267:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2212:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2169:
2164:Protopresbyter
1945:Andrzej Cikoto
1898:Divine Liturgy
1895:Byzantine Rite
1867:Following the
1766:Butyrka prison
1653:Andrzej Cikoto
1578:Byzantine Rite
1566:Porte d'Italie
1562:Divine Liturgy
1497:in the former
1462:and Monsignor
1239:St. Petersburg
1166:, anti-Jewish
1114:Divine Liturgy
1090:St. Petersburg
1035:
1032:
1004:Russian people
918:Byzantine Rite
897:
894:
867:Biała Podlaska
831:Russian Empire
800:Church reforms
757:Peter Artemiev
702:Divine Liturgy
563:
560:
477:as defined by
467:full communion
448:Byzantine Rite
429:
428:
426:
425:
418:
411:
403:
400:
399:
367:
366:
365:
364:
362:Syro-Malankara
359:
354:
346:
345:
339:
338:
337:
336:
328:
327:
321:
320:
319:
318:
313:
305:
304:
298:
297:
296:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
258:Italo-Albanian
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
222:
221:
219:Byzantine Rite
215:
214:
213:
212:
204:
203:
197:
196:
195:
194:
189:
184:
176:
175:
169:
168:
161:
160:
155:and Byzantine
151:
138:
137:
121:
120:
112:
111:
99:
98:
93:
87:
86:
81:
75:
74:
69:
63:
62:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6214:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6169:
6167:
6152:
6144:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6131:
6128:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6106:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6082:Home Missions
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6064:
6062:
6060:
6056:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5976:
5975:Saint Francis
5973:
5969:
5966:
5965:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5958:Saint Dominic
5956:
5955:
5954:
5951:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5928:
5927:
5924:
5923:
5921:
5919:
5913:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5771:Bethlehemites
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5739:
5735:
5730:
5726:
5720:
5719:
5715:
5713:
5712:
5708:
5706:
5705:
5701:
5698:
5694:
5693:Vatican Radio
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5680:
5679:
5678:Vatican Media
5676:
5674:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5666:
5662:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5611:
5608:
5607:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5589:
5586:
5585:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5576:
5572:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5539:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5519:
5518:
5515:
5509:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5475:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5462:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5321:
5317:
5313:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5278:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5270:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5220:
5217:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5206:
5202:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5129:
5126:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5099:
5095:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5046:
5042:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5019:
5016:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5003:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4975:List of popes
4971:
4967:
4964:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4938:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4867:
4863:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4845:
4842:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4833:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4788:
4778:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4759:Mother of God
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4644:People of God
4642:
4640:
4639:
4635:
4633:
4632:Infallibility
4630:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4581:
4578:
4574:
4573:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4508:Body and soul
4506:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4482:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4470:
4466:
4461:
4457:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4411:Enlightenment
4409:
4407:
4404:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4382:Protestantism
4380:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4371:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4359:Scholasticism
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4344:Schism (1378)
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4329:Schism (1054)
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4252:
4248:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4220:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4203:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4148:
4144:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4116:
4112:
4105:
4100:
4098:
4093:
4091:
4086:
4085:
4082:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4047:
4044:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3989:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3920:
3915:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3887:patriarchates
3883:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3801:
3796:
3794:
3789:
3787:
3782:
3781:
3778:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3710:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3691:
3687:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3641:
3635:
3632:
3628:
3622:
3619:
3615:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3599:
3593:
3590:
3577:
3573:
3567:
3564:
3559:
3553:
3550:
3546:
3541:
3538:
3533:
3527:
3524:
3520:
3514:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3484:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3467:
3464:
3461:, p. 47.
3460:
3455:
3452:
3449:, p. 42.
3448:
3443:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3409:
3406:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3332:
3320:
3316:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3248:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3231:
3228:
3223:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3202:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3133:
3130:
3126:
3120:
3117:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3099:
3096:
3084:
3080:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3029:
3026:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2986:
2983:
2978:
2976:9788872103593
2972:
2968:
2964:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2925:
2921:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2880:
2875:
2869:
2865:
2858:
2855:
2850:
2849:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2775:
2772:
2767:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2732:
2729:
2717:
2713:
2707:
2704:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2677:
2674:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2643:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2616:
2608:
2603:
2600:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2578:Theresa Kugel
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2557:Metropolitan
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2376:, Il Cerchio.
2375:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2326:archimandrite
2323:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2230:
2225:
2224:Archimandrite
2221:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2111:Old Believers
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2036:San Francisco
2033:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1965:Walter Kasper
1960:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1917:Beatification
1914:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1851:Soviet Jewish
1847:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1789:Walter Ciszek
1786:
1782:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1760:based in the
1759:
1758:spinal cancer
1754:
1751:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1716:Joseph Stalin
1712:
1710:
1707:Metropolitan
1706:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1654:
1648:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1550:White émigrés
1546:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1495:Arctic Circle
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1379:Old Ritualist
1376:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1349:Anti-Catholic
1346:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1253:, formerly a
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1172:Russification
1170:, and forced
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1125:Old Believers
1122:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1048:Old Believers
1045:
1041:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
994:
989:
987:
986:Pope Leo XIII
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
954:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
931:
930:Divine Comedy
926:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
895:
893:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
819:
817:
813:
810:headed by an
809:
808:civil service
805:
801:
797:
793:
792:the same Tsar
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
741:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
718:
716:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
686:Arctic Circle
683:
679:
675:
672:, the former
671:
666:
663:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
639:Caesaropapism
636:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
600:Caesaropapism
597:
593:
589:
588:anti-Catholic
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
561:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
526:
522:
517:
513:
512:
507:
503:
500:priests, and
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
449:
446:
445:
440:
436:
424:
419:
417:
412:
410:
405:
404:
402:
401:
398:
393:
387:
382:
376:
372:
369:
368:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
349:
348:
347:
344:
340:
335:
332:
331:
330:
329:
326:
322:
317:
314:
312:
309:
308:
307:
306:
303:
299:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
225:
224:
223:
220:
216:
211:
208:
207:
206:
205:
202:
201:Armenian Rite
198:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
179:
178:
177:
174:
170:
167:
163:
162:
158:
154:
149:
144:
140:
139:
136:
131:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
113:
109:
105:
104:
97:
94:
92:
88:
85:
82:
80:
76:
73:
70:
68:
64:
60:
53:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
6121:Universities
5953:Third orders
5916:Associations
5906:Visitandines
5901:Trinitarians
5851:Mercedarians
5836:Hieronymites
5781:Camaldoleses
5766:Benedictines
5756:Augustinians
5716:
5709:
5702:
5683:Vatican News
5637:Distinctions
5443:Syro-Malabar
5422:
5328:Latin Church
5250:Grand master
5148:Metropolitan
5045:Vatican City
4940:Organisation
4819:Philosophers
4684:Confirmation
4661:In canon law
4655:Subsistit in
4653:
4649:Three states
4636:
4597:
4590:Ecclesiology
4572:Nova Vulgata
4570:
4528:Original sin
4523:Nicene Creed
4513:Divine grace
4472:
4354:Universities
4324:Papal States
4251:Great Church
4193:Resurrection
4170:Early Church
4036:
3992:
3936:Syro-Malabar
3806:
3694:
3675:
3658:
3639:
3634:
3626:
3621:
3592:
3580:. Retrieved
3576:the original
3566:
3552:
3540:
3526:
3518:
3513:
3501:
3496:
3488:
3483:
3476:North Dakota
3471:
3466:
3459:Osipova 2003
3454:
3447:Osipova 2003
3442:
3430:
3425:
3418:North Dakota
3413:
3408:
3391:
3385:
3373:
3368:
3356:
3351:
3339:
3334:
3322:. Retrieved
3318:
3294:. Retrieved
3289:
3269:
3264:
3252:
3247:
3235:
3230:
3221:
3215:
3204:(in Russian)
3196:
3188:
3183:
3171:
3166:
3157:
3149:
3144:
3136:
3132:
3124:
3119:
3110:
3098:
3086:. Retrieved
3082:
3072:
3038:
3028:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2985:
2966:
2939:
2927:
2900:
2895:
2887:
2882:
2863:
2857:
2847:
2841:
2833:
2828:
2816:
2811:
2803:
2798:
2782:
2774:
2765:
2759:
2747:
2739:
2731:
2721:21 September
2719:. Retrieved
2715:
2706:
2696:21 September
2694:. Retrieved
2690:the original
2686:Rome Reports
2685:
2676:
2666:21 September
2664:. Retrieved
2652:
2642:
2618:
2614:
2602:
2498:
2486:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2404:
2394:
2391:Pietro Leoni
2380:
2373:
2362:
2351:
2300:
2194:
2173:Joseph Werth
2162:1997 – 2004
2146:
2141:
2135:
2088:
2052:Buenos Aires
2029:
2003:for all non-
1989:Joseph Werth
1961:
1910:
1881:
1866:
1843:
1793:Pietro Leoni
1778:
1755:
1747:
1732:
1713:
1704:Locum Tenens
1702:
1696:
1676:canonization
1672:Soviet Union
1664:Pope Pius XI
1657:
1595:
1580:without the
1547:
1536:
1525:
1513:Julia Danzas
1507:
1453:
1430:
1395:
1368:
1342:
1328:
1308:
1285:Metropolitan
1266:
1220:
1188:Ukrainophile
1129:
1116:
1102:Ivan Deubner
1087:
1079:
1052:
1037:
1028:Old Believer
1016:
1012:Great Schism
990:
955:
950:
947:Pope of Rome
928:
906:Ivan Gagarin
899:
871:
820:
789:
742:
719:
694:state terror
667:
662:John Dvornik
659:
632:
628:patriarchate
565:
544:Latin Church
509:
506:Joseph Werth
502:Latin Church
483:
442:
438:
434:
432:
316:Syro-Malabar
277:
128:
96:Joseph Werth
48:
36:
6202:Pope Pius X
6111:Health care
6097:Pax Christi
6049:Schoenstatt
6014:Sant'Egidio
5846:Legionaries
5826:Franciscans
5801:Cistercians
5796:Carthusians
5751:Annonciades
5610:Altarpieces
5503:West Syriac
5498:East Syriac
5478:Alexandrian
5102:Holy orders
5083:Swiss Guard
5023:Dicasteries
5018:Roman Curia
4916:Evangelists
4874:Holy Family
4809:Personalism
4799:Natural law
4777:Josephology
4711:Holy orders
4349:Inquisition
4306:Middle Ages
4296:Monasticism
4264:Constantine
4188:Crucifixion
3860:Antiochian
3614:Zugger 2001
3545:Zugger 2001
3380:. Page 237.
3363:. Page 237.
3324:15 December
3296:15 December
3088:15 December
2752:Zugger 2001
2283: [
2175:(temporary)
2125:, although
2015:, while in
1993:Novosibirsk
1981:Omsk Oblast
1977:Sargatskoye
1933:Igor Akulov
1911:In 2003, a
1900:offered in
1858:saxophonist
1820:the Vatican
1801:apostolates
1797:Ján Kellner
1762:sacral bone
1645: [
1608:and led by
1604:, based in
1587:iconostasis
1543:Slavophiles
1460:Jan Cieplak
1336:during the
1311:St. Dominic
1243:Pope Pius X
1186:loyalists,
1160:Slavophiles
1144:occupied by
1132:World War I
1110:Pope Pius X
1096:priest Fr.
1059:Pope Pius X
945:needed the
775:inside the
580:Christendom
540:Lithuanians
153:Latin cross
6166:Categories
5866:Oratorians
5821:Dominicans
5791:Carmelites
5786:Camillians
5734:institutes
5547:Tridentine
5483:Antiochian
5403:Macedonian
5348:Belarusian
5238:Provincial
5153:Archbishop
5073:Roman Rota
5035:Properties
4960:By country
4956:Precedence
4921:Confessors
4901:Archangels
4891:Patriarchs
4791:Philosophy
4769:Veneration
4734:Assumption
4704:Last rites
4671:Sacraments
4615:Four marks
4426:Vatican II
4374:Modern era
4210:Succession
4032:Macedonian
4007:Belarusian
3582:26 October
2793:. Page 80.
2634:References
2320:1933–1939
2301:sede plena
2127:vernacular
2064:Chevetogne
2040:El Segundo
1835:labor camp
1770:Mass grave
1610:Belarusian
1539:Messianism
1531:labor camp
1281:priesthood
1258:seminarian
1229:, the new
1221:After the
1180:apolitical
1053:After the
841:by Bishop
732:, and the
698:Oprichnina
670:St. Philip
568:Kievan Rus
562:Background
528:show trial
263:Macedonian
233:Belarusian
6107:See also:
6059:Charities
5968:Discalced
5896:Trappists
5891:Theatines
5861:Olivetans
5806:Clarisses
5776:Blue nuns
5761:Basilians
5738:societies
5646:See also:
5532:Mozarabic
5522:Ambrosian
5508:Malankara
5493:Byzantine
5453:Ukrainian
5428:Ruthenian
5393:Hungarian
5378:Ethiopian
5353:Bulgarian
5320:sui iuris
5304:Postulant
5213:Religious
5168:Auxiliary
5163:Coadjutor
5133:Patriarch
5001:Cardinals
4948:Canon law
4944:Hierarchy
4926:Disciples
4849:Relations
4837:Evolution
4828:See also:
4773:See also:
4726:Mariology
4716:Matrimony
4689:Eucharist
4610:Ecumenism
4538:Salvation
4474:Catechism
4469:Tradition
4431:Communism
4279:Chalcedon
4012:Bulgarian
3993:sui iuris
3982:Hungarian
3967:Ruthenian
3962:Ethiopian
3931:Ukrainian
3808:Sui iuris
2791:Milwaukee
2716:GCatholic
2661:0099-9660
2291:1933–1936
2180:Hierarchy
2115:recension
2099:recension
2084:Singapore
2048:Melbourne
1973:ecumenism
1893:during a
1891:beatified
1882:In 2001,
1873:Dominican
1726:" and of
1606:Manchuria
1503:White Sea
1428:in 1439.
1293:canon law
1072:Patriarch
1006:with the
851:martyrdom
790:In 1721,
785:Eucharist
753:martyrdom
635:Max Weber
598:embraced
525:Stalinist
444:sui iuris
293:Ukrainian
283:Ruthenian
253:Hungarian
238:Bulgarian
187:Ethiopian
129:sui iuris
72:Episcopal
6151:Category
6044:Opus Dei
6029:Scouting
6019:Focolare
5886:Servites
5871:Piarists
5816:Crosiers
5552:Anglican
5488:Armenian
5418:Romanian
5408:Maronite
5383:Georgian
5373:Eritrean
5358:Chaldean
5343:Armenian
5338:Albanian
5219:Superior
5178:Emeritus
5158:Diocesan
5011:Advisers
4970:Holy See
4896:Prophets
4854:Politics
4625:Catholic
4605:Councils
4460:Theology
4339:Crusades
4274:Nicaea I
4205:Apostles
4183:Ministry
4152:Timeline
4132:Glossary
4002:Albanian
3995:churches
3977:Eritrean
3900:Armenian
3895:Chaldean
3864:Maronite
3737:Archived
3667:52879869
2781:(1960),
2573:Russicum
2512:See also
2403:(2023),
2393:(1959),
2350:(2019),
2214:Blessed
2001:ordinary
1949:Holy See
1832:Norillag
1785:Russicum
1445:Orenburg
1422:Holy See
1362:and the
1277:ordained
1184:Habsburg
1150:. Count
1123:and the
1030:clergy.
1008:Holy See
980:and the
962:Holy See
951:de facto
927:and the
914:Holy See
863:Pratulin
849:and the
777:Basilian
747:, whose
488:and the
352:Maronite
311:Chaldean
273:Romanian
228:Albanian
210:Armenian
192:Eritrean
117:a series
115:Part of
6116:Schools
6072:Caritas
5980:Secular
5946:Workers
5841:Jesuits
5627:Museums
5622:Library
5600:Writers
5595:Artists
5575:Culture
5542:Paul VI
5423:Russian
5413:Melkite
5255:Brother
5233:General
5173:Titular
5143:Primate
5121:Eparchy
5111:Diocese
5058:Outline
4997:College
4987:Francis
4931:Virgins
4906:Martyrs
4832:Science
4739:History
4694:Penance
4679:Baptism
4580:Worship
4553:Vulgate
4501:Kingdom
4496:Trinity
4484:General
4239:Primacy
4147:History
4127:Outline
4037:Russian
3946:Romania
3885:Junior
3869:Melkite
3814:of the
3650:Sources
3400:1737899
2607:Russian
2220:Hegumen
2103:Liturgy
2095:Russian
2030:In the
2025:Obninsk
2013:Siberia
1913:positio
1830:in the
1772:at the
1678:of St.
1552:in the
1528:Irkutsk
1521:Hegumen
1501:in the
1491:Solovki
1391:Lugansk
1389:, near
1377:of the
1356:Siberia
1301:prudent
1295:of the
1279:to the
1200:Siberia
1168:pogroms
1138:in the
1064:Tsarism
1042:, when
1034:History
998:of the
968:at the
890:Red Sea
878:Belarus
865:, near
857:by the
837:of the
781:Polotsk
769:Starets
680:of the
678:Hegumen
674:Starets
542:in the
278:Russian
268:Melkite
133:of the
91:Primate
84:Francis
52:Russian
5994:Fimcap
5936:Marian
5856:Minims
5588:Marian
5438:Syriac
5433:Slovak
5363:Coptic
5299:Oblate
5294:Master
5289:Novice
5284:Hermit
5272:Sister
5228:Abbess
5195:Deacon
5190:Priest
5185:Parish
5128:Bishop
5098:Polity
4884:Joseph
4866:Saints
4533:Saints
4421:Nazism
3991:Other
3972:Slovak
3874:Syriac
3856:Coptic
3705:
3682:
3665:
3398:
3045:
2973:
2870:
2659:
2479:Moscow
2450:Stalin
2369:Press.
2294:Jesuit
2138:Russia
2082:, and
2072:Munich
2056:Dublin
2044:Denver
2017:Moscow
1943:, and
1884:Exarch
1739:Russia
1735:Viatka
1686:poet,
1620:; the
1618:Harbin
1468:Exarch
1375:priest
1358:, the
1262:Exarch
1216:Suzdal
1062:under
974:Moscow
943:Church
882:Anagni
825:, the
728:, the
688:, and
606:, the
357:Syriac
288:Slovak
182:Coptic
67:Polity
6092:CIDSE
5941:Youth
5665:Media
5632:Music
5557:Zaire
5537:Roman
5527:Braga
5517:Latin
5388:Greek
5260:Friar
5224:Abbot
5138:Major
5053:Index
4952:Laity
4518:Dogma
4465:Bible
4441:Islam
4397:Trent
4178:Jesus
4160:Legal
4122:Index
4022:Greek
3851:Latin
2620:Latin
2594:Notes
2446:Lenin
2287:]
2256:Refs
2253:Notes
2250:Order
2080:Milan
2060:Paris
1839:Gulag
1743:Gulag
1649:]
1638:Gulag
1602:China
1570:Paris
1360:Gulag
1074:of a
765:icons
616:Jonah
536:Poles
494:China
441:is a
334:Latin
248:Greek
5617:Folk
5265:Monk
5006:List
4984:Pope
4879:Mary
3703:ISBN
3680:ISBN
3663:OCLC
3584:2021
3396:OCLC
3326:2020
3298:2020
3090:2020
3043:ISBN
2971:ISBN
2868:ISBN
2723:2020
2698:2020
2668:2020
2657:ISSN
2348:TOSD
2247:Term
2244:Name
2076:Rome
2068:Lyon
2023:and
1902:Lviv
1889:was
1855:Jazz
1816:mole
1813:NKVD
1720:NKVD
1658:The
1651:and
1626:NKVD
1477:and
1373:, a
1347:and
1343:The
1204:Duma
1146:the
1142:was
939:Tsar
794:and
676:and
651:Czar
574:St.
548:Rome
475:Rome
471:Pope
433:The
79:Pope
5931:Lay
5583:Art
5277:Nun
4999:of
4491:God
3824:By
3206:by
3016:doi
2477:in
2448:to
2027:.
1999:as
1951:'s
1904:by
1822:'s
1764:in
1718:'s
1694:.
1593:."
1568:in
1489:at
1481:by
1456:GPU
1306:."
1283:by
1214:in
972:in
933:of
853:of
759:at
740:.
558:."
538:or
473:of
437:or
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5226:,
3701:.
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3606:^
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2965:.
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2684:.
2655:.
2651:.
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