901:
530:
1967:(they had previously been exempt from military service). Thousands of settlers were killed, and this was matched by Russian reprisals, particularly against the nomadic population. To escape Russians slaughtering them in 1916, Uzbeks, Kazakhs and Kyrgyz escaped to China. Xinjiang became a sanctuary for fleeing Kazakhs escaping the Russians after the Muslims faced conscription by the Russian government. The Turkmen, Kyrgyz, and Kazakhs were all impacted by the 1916 insurrection caused by the conscription decreed by the Russian government. The corvée conscription issued on June 25, 1916. Order had not really been restored by the time the
70:
1999:
1707:
1699:
1300:
2996:
1233:
4651:
4190:
2189:
84:
1918:
A policy of deliberately enforcing anti-modern, traditional, ancient conservative
Islamic education in schools and Islamic ideology was enforced by the Russians in order to deliberately hamper and destroy opposition to their rule by keeping them in a state of torpor to and prevent foreign ideologies
900:
134:
129:
130:
133:
127:
128:
124:
123:
132:
126:
125:
131:
2735:
135:
1926:
upon the
Ferghana and Samarkand Tajiks, replacing their language with Uzbek, resulting in a dominantly Uzbek-speaking Samarkand, whereas decades before Tajik Persian was the dominant language in Samarkand.
1882:
The administration of the region had an almost purely military character throughout. Von
Kaufman died in 1882, and a committee under Fedor Karlovich Giers (or Girs, brother of the Russian Foreign Minister
2710:
1959:(Переселенческое Управление). This caused considerable discontent amongst the local population as these settlers took scarce land and water resources away from them. In 1916 discontent boiled over in the
1899:
in 1877, reached
Samarkand. Nevertheless, Turkestan remained an isolated colonial outpost, with an administration that preserved many distinctive features from the previous Islamic regimes, including
1537:
2680:
2487:
5111:
2740:
Malikov, Azim. Russian policy toward
Islamic “sacred lineages” of Samarkand province of Turkestan Governor-Generalship in 1868-1917 in Acta Slavica Iaponica no 40. 2020, p.193-216
1753:
expanding the territories of
Turkestan Oblast (part of Orenburg Governorate-General). Chernyayev had exceeded his orders (he only had 3,000 men under his command at the time) but
529:
5136:
5131:
5106:
2724:
Hisao
Komatsu, The Andijan Uprising Reconsidered a: Symbiosis and Conflict in Muslim Societies: Historical and Comparative Perspectives, ed. by Tsugitaka Sato, Londres, 2004.
5146:
1261:
862:
2981:
1685:
122:
2201:
1154:
3577:
2205:
3611:
930:
552:
5126:
5116:
4599:
4115:
2955:
2772:
1983:
government in Kokand early in 1918, which left 14,000 dead. Resistance to the
Bolsheviks by the local population (dismissed as 'Basmachi' or 'Banditry' by
1656:
1547:
2665:
69:
4313:
3189:
1619:
1911:
led another reform commission to
Turkestan, which produced in 1909–1910 a monumental report documenting administrative corruption and inefficiency. The
5151:
2269:
1058:
4179:
4717:
4830:
4326:
3199:
2257:
121:
4068:
3945:
3590:
3091:
4245:
3785:
2570:
2543:
2516:
2470:
2426:
2416:
2372:
2345:
1254:
855:
335:
4953:
4899:
3745:
3535:
3245:
2785:
2156:
1678:
1604:
1517:
4692:
3909:
3382:
1745:
in 1717, the beginning of the
Russian conquest of Turkestan is normally dated to 1865. That year the Russian forces took the city of
4687:
3831:
3760:
3688:
3570:
2645:
2595:(A Master’s Thesis). Department of International Relations İ hsan Doğramacı Bilkent University Ankara. p. 56-57. Archived from
2399:
2221:
1651:
1629:
1614:
1609:
1218:
1159:
5121:
4912:
4783:
4380:
4025:
3928:
3821:
3725:
3250:
2960:
2253:
2026:
1811:
1724:
1557:
1498:
1247:
880:
848:
509:
675:
4803:
4707:
4635:
4592:
4362:
4291:
4240:
4174:
4108:
4030:
3972:
3848:
3765:
3172:
3145:
2765:
2237:
2229:
369:
344:
330:
316:
302:
4980:
4931:
4677:
4404:
4210:
3780:
3775:
3750:
3735:
3268:
3031:
2050:
1908:
1671:
1624:
1279:
1998:
4975:
4845:
4820:
4468:
4308:
3755:
3184:
2587:
1951:
settlers flowing into Turkestan than had hitherto been the case, and their settlement was overseen by a specially created
1815:
1738:
272:
1299:
5015:
4840:
4722:
4697:
4682:
4486:
4255:
4215:
3990:
3940:
3836:
3816:
3563:
3304:
3160:
3099:
4884:
4625:
4451:
4436:
4331:
4235:
3896:
3841:
3235:
3230:
2284:
457:
5156:
4943:
4808:
4793:
4585:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4296:
4281:
4101:
3445:
3397:
3167:
3135:
2995:
2758:
2197:
1915:
educational reform movement which originated among Tatars spread among Muslims of Central Asia under Russian rule.
4225:
4879:
4813:
4301:
3957:
3914:
3863:
3826:
3740:
3713:
3240:
3225:
3177:
2909:
4511:
4020:
3858:
3853:
3799:
3500:
3372:
3194:
3150:
1706:
2734:
Aftandil S.Erkinov. The Andijan Uprising of 1898 and its leader Dukchi-ishan described by contemporary Poets'
4960:
4917:
4835:
4798:
4712:
4702:
4661:
4458:
4431:
4390:
4375:
4336:
4286:
4220:
4198:
4061:
3982:
3884:
3770:
3598:
3440:
3409:
3377:
3367:
3299:
3263:
3155:
3140:
3104:
3004:
2389:
2362:
2299:
1599:
1149:
1139:
1111:
1038:
1003:
970:
915:
889:
792:
781:
756:
747:
622:
539:
518:
434:
4230:
2443:
2442:
Alexandre Bennigsen; Chantal Lemercier-Quelquejay; Central Asian Research Centre (London, England) (1967).
5045:
4825:
4778:
4766:
4521:
4269:
4035:
3995:
3962:
3485:
3357:
3334:
3123:
1567:
1390:
955:
829:
5069:
5050:
5007:
4889:
4867:
4853:
4640:
4617:
4552:
4545:
4478:
4385:
4350:
4250:
4136:
4128:
4077:
4015:
4010:
4005:
3528:
3505:
3455:
3282:
3213:
3109:
2965:
2793:
2309:
2304:
2294:
2289:
1892:
1594:
1371:
1309:
1288:
202:
176:
2729:
Praying For and Against the Tsar: Prayers and Sermons in Russian-Dominated Khiva and Tsarist Turkestan.
5020:
4990:
4965:
4894:
4650:
4491:
4446:
4189:
4040:
3490:
3460:
3414:
3314:
2935:
2675:
349:
1698:
5078:
5040:
5035:
4788:
4561:
4526:
4516:
4082:
3901:
3811:
3703:
3667:
3544:
3495:
3480:
3424:
3362:
3352:
3347:
3026:
2889:
2279:
2209:
2172:
1968:
1863:
1430:
1237:
1213:
1144:
824:
695:
2508:
Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949
2418:
Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949
5141:
4995:
4904:
4463:
4441:
4164:
4149:
3697:
3693:
3465:
3329:
2364:
Historiography of Imperial Russia: The Profession and Writing of History in a Multinational State
2142:
2101:
2080:
2035:
2007:
1778:
1750:
1101:
1053:
1008:
985:
469:
362:
100:
2687:
1971:
took place in 1917. This would usher in a still bloodier chapter in Turkestan's history, as the
5083:
4630:
4566:
3683:
3255:
2869:
2614:
2566:
2539:
2512:
2466:
2422:
2395:
2368:
2341:
2314:
2274:
2148:
2041:
2011:
1984:
1884:
1823:
1742:
1420:
1018:
1013:
945:
685:
321:
2560:
2533:
2506:
2460:
2335:
5030:
4506:
4154:
3967:
3646:
3294:
2899:
2879:
2844:
2162:
2134:
2086:
2065:
2003:
1964:
1956:
1871:
1867:
1851:
1831:
1819:
1807:
1711:
1380:
1203:
1096:
1063:
1028:
975:
477:
473:
425:
246:
43:
2589:
THE BUKHARAN EMIRATE AND TURKESTAN UNDER RUSSIAN RULE IN THE REVOLUTIONARY ERA: 1917 - 1924
1845:
4743:
4367:
4000:
3651:
3419:
3342:
3309:
3051:
3021:
2884:
1976:
1960:
1774:
1023:
960:
950:
489:
485:
93:
4970:
4496:
4159:
3319:
3016:
2950:
2930:
2849:
2639:
2128:
2120:
1859:
1855:
1797:
1754:
1527:
1480:
1078:
1033:
655:
493:
481:
449:
54:
5100:
5025:
4501:
3656:
3450:
3387:
3061:
3056:
3041:
2914:
2894:
2859:
1923:
1891:
and drew up proposals for reform, which were implemented after 1886. In 1888 the new
1470:
1450:
1410:
1116:
1048:
965:
940:
715:
465:
1939:, and finally in 1906 a direct rail link with European Russia was opened across the
1757:
recognized the annexation in any case. This was swiftly followed by the conquest of
17:
4985:
4738:
3730:
3586:
2904:
2854:
2839:
2706:
2619:
2225:
2217:
2188:
1460:
1198:
1164:
1106:
1073:
725:
645:
574:
453:
410:
307:
120:
4318:
3606:
3475:
3323:
3046:
3036:
1896:
1766:
1440:
705:
83:
2596:
4608:
4124:
3621:
3076:
2781:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2233:
2213:
1972:
1952:
1121:
1043:
935:
925:
405:
400:
395:
390:
159:
4748:
3678:
3071:
3066:
2874:
2488:"Commemorating the 1916 Massacres in Kyrgyzstan? Russia Sees a Western Plot"
2138:
1835:
1803:
1786:"Urus leshkerining Türkistanda tarikh 1262–1269 senelarda qilghan futuhlari"
1770:
1730:
1068:
980:
461:
445:
1903:' courts and a 'native' administration that devolved much power to local '
3950:
3636:
3631:
3626:
2176:
2166:
1948:
1944:
1936:
1746:
1734:
1208:
1193:
1183:
570:
147:
3555:
3869:
3641:
3470:
2864:
2124:
1904:
1762:
1758:
1400:
1318:
665:
561:
154:
4577:
4093:
2750:
4948:
4144:
3081:
2813:
2152:
2113:
1940:
1345:
1188:
920:
635:
592:
2940:
1907:' (Elders or Headmen). It was quite unlike European Russia. In 1908
2701:
Russia's Protectorates in Central Asia, Bukhara and Khiva 1865–1924
2391:
Central Asia, 130 Years of Russian Dominance: A Historical Overview
2244:) was formed out of part of the Uzbek SSR in 1929, and in 1936 the
3616:
2818:
1980:
1912:
1827:
1705:
1697:
1336:
2737:' TIAS Central Eurasian Research Series No.3. Tokyo, 2009, 118 p.
2823:
2808:
2711:
The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform: Jadidism in Central Asia
2141:) (until 1886 Zeravshan Okrug, the occupied east territories of
1900:
1888:
1354:
1327:
601:
583:
4581:
4097:
3559:
2754:
2636:
Russian Central Asia, 1867–1917 : a study in colonial rule
1814:. Its capital was Tashkent and it consisted initially of three
1784:
An account of the Russian conquest of Tashkent was written in
1729:
Although Russia had been pushing south into the steppes from
4649:
2019:
1865–1867 Mikhail Grigoryevich Chernyaev (Military Governor)
1866:(which had been conquered in 1881–1885 by military generals
1862:
that was dissolved after an uprising in 1875. In 1894, the
2562:
Turkmenistan: Strategies of Power, Dilemmas of Development
2535:
Turkmenistan: Strategies of Power, Dilemmas of Development
1781:
in 1868 forming the Zeravsh Special Okrug of Turkestan.
2459:
Kirill Nourzhanov; Christian Bleuer (October 8, 2013).
1947:
to Tashkent. This led to much larger numbers of ethnic
2612:
Didar Kassymova, Zhanat Kundakbayeva and Ustina Markus
2731:
Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 2004 (=ANOR 16), 112 p.
2650:(Baltimore) 1954, 183 pp., complete text online.
439:
2022:
1866–1867 Dmitri Ilyich Romanovskiy (Civil Governor)
1963:, sparked by a decree conscripting the natives into
464:. It comprised the oasis region to the south of the
5006:
4930:
4866:
4765:
4731:
4660:
4616:
4477:
4403:
4349:
4268:
4197:
4135:
3981:
3927:
3883:
3798:
3712:
3597:
3433:
3396:
3281:
3212:
3122:
3090:
3003:
2974:
2923:
2832:
2801:
2792:
2179:) (until 1898 part of Caucasus Governorate-General)
2091:
1911–1914 Alexander Vasilyevich Samsonov (restored)
2002:The borders of the Russian imperial territories of
383:
268:
243:
233:
221:
199:
187:
173:
165:
153:
143:
92:
32:
27:
1867–1917 governorate-general of the Russian Empire
1987:) continued well into the beginning of the 1930s.
2202:Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
5112:States and territories disestablished in 1917
4593:
4109:
3571:
2766:
2260:, these republics gained their independence.
1843:
1679:
1255:
856:
107:
101:
35:
8:
2655:Turkestan and the Fate of the Russian Empire
2337:Turkestan and the Fate of the Russian Empire
2270:National delimitation in Soviet Central Asia
2206:Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
1702:The Defence of the Samarkand Citadel in 1868
1112:Turkmenistan in the 16th and 17th centuries
183:1,707,003 km (659,078 sq mi)
5137:Governorates-General of the Russian Empire
5132:1860s establishments in the Russian Empire
5107:States and territories established in 1867
4936:
4872:
4771:
4670:
4666:
4600:
4586:
4578:
4409:
4355:
4274:
4203:
4116:
4102:
4094:
3933:
3889:
3804:
3718:
3578:
3564:
3556:
3402:
3287:
3218:
3128:
3009:
2798:
2773:
2759:
2751:
2647:The Revolt of 1916 in Russian Central Asia
2462:Tajikistan: A Political and Social History
1686:
1672:
1273:
1262:
1248:
874:
863:
849:
817:
752:
627:
544:
503:
82:
29:
5147:1867 establishments in the Russian Empire
2662:The modern history of Soviet Central Asia
1895:, begun at Uzun-Ada on the shores of the
1874:) was added to the Governor-Generalship.
2559:Sebastien Peyrouse (February 12, 2015).
2394:. Duke University Press. pp. 400–.
2187:
2058:1904–1905 Nikolay Nikolayevich Tevyashev
2031:1881–1882 Gerasim Alexeevich Kolpakovsky
1997:
1858:, formed from the remaining rump of the
2505:Andrew D. W. Forbes (October 9, 1986).
2415:Andrew D. W. Forbes (October 9, 1986).
2326:
1909:Count Konstantin Konstantinovich Pahlen
1287:
1276:
888:
877:
780:
755:
517:
506:
456:territories, and was administered as a
186:
172:
164:
152:
142:
2061:1905–1906 Vsevolod Victorovich Zaharov
2055:1901–1904 Nikolay Alexandrovich Ivanov
2046:1889–1898 Alexander Borisovich Vrevsky
88:Provinces of Russian Turkestan in 1900
2486:Sydykova, Zamira (January 20, 2016).
2094:1914–1916 Fedor Vladimirovich Martson
1979:launched an attack on the autonomous
263:
259:
242:
232:
228:
216:
198:
194:
98:
7:
2361:Thomas Sanders (February 12, 2015).
2073:1906–1908 Nikolai Ivanovich Grodekov
1995:Turkestan had 21 Governor-generals.
1810:, under its first Governor-General,
2615:Historical Dictionary of Kazakhstan
2532:Sébastien Peyrouse (January 2012).
2334:Daniel Brower (November 12, 2012).
2157:Governor-Generalship of the Steppes
2076:1908–1909 Pavel Ivanovich Mischenko
1834:). To these were added in 1873 the
1769:, culminating in the annexation of
1518:Governor-Generalship of the Steppes
1140:Russian conquest and the Great Game
468:, but not the protectorates of the
5127:Central Asia in the Russian Empire
5117:Subdivisions of the Russian Empire
1773:and the surrounding region on the
476:. It was populated by speakers of
25:
2492:The Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst
2222:Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic
2097:1916 Mikhail Romanovich Yerofeyev
2070:1906 Yevgeny Osipovich Matsievsky
1652:Outline of Kazak military history
5152:1918 disestablishments in Russia
4188:
2994:
2254:Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic
2112:Turkestan was divided into five
2027:Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufman
2014:in the time period of 1902–1903.
1812:Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufman
1749:under the leadership of General
1725:Russian conquest of Central Asia
1298:
1231:
1150:October Revolution and Civil War
899:
528:
367:
342:
328:
314:
300:
118:
68:
4175:Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
2703:(Cambridge, Massachusetts) 1968
2238:Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
2230:Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
2216:). After the foundation of the
2081:Alexander Vasilyevich Samsonov
2051:Sergei Mikhailovich Dukhovskoi
1:
2538:. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 29–.
2511:. CUP Archive. pp. 17–.
2465:. ANU E Press. pp. 22–.
2421:. CUP Archive. pp. 16–.
1788:by Mullah Khalibay Mambetov.
1657:Bibliography of Kazak history
2367:. Routledge. pp. 451–.
2258:collapse of the Soviet Union
2204:(Turkestan ASSR) within the
1935:In 1897 the railway reached
2565:. Routledge. pp. 29–.
2285:Turkestan Military District
1844:
440:
102:
5173:
2586:ÖZTÜRK, SELİM (May 2012).
2198:Russian Revolution of 1917
2087:Vasiliy Ivanovich Pokotilo
1795:
1722:
1177:Related historical regions
444:) was the western part of
5063:
4939:
4875:
4774:
4673:
4669:
4647:
4539:
4412:
4358:
4277:
4206:
4186:
4055:
3936:
3892:
3807:
3721:
3522:
3405:
3290:
3221:
3131:
3012:
2992:
2445:Islam in the Soviet Union
2340:. Routledge. p. 26.
2192:Contemporary Central Asia
2155:) (1882–1899 part of the
1922:The Russians implemented
1839:
429:
279:
264:
260:
256:
229:
217:
213:
195:
108:
99:
81:
65:
60:
52:
36:
2388:Edward Allworth (1994).
1739:failed Khivan expedition
5122:Former Russian colonies
4337:President of Uzbekistan
3022:Altay (Altai) Mountains
2300:History of Turkmenistan
2125:New Margelan (Skobelev)
2108:Administrative division
2066:Dean Ivanovich Subotich
1885:Nikolay Karlovich Giers
1238:Turkmenistan portal
793:History of Central Asia
53:Governorate−General of
4900:Science and technology
4654:
3246:Science and technology
2966:Republic of Kazakhstan
2684:Russia in Central Asia
2674:(London) 1876 2 Vols.
2448:. Praeger. p. 15.
2220:it was split into the
2212:(excluding modern-day
2193:
2015:
1991:Governors of Turkestan
1715:
1703:
1568:Republic of Kazakhstan
956:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
269:Political subdivisions
4653:
2666:online free to borrow
2640:online free to borrow
2310:History of Tajikistan
2305:History of Kazakhstan
2295:History of Kyrgyzstan
2290:History of Uzbekistan
2252:) was separated from
2191:
2001:
1919:from penetrating in.
1893:Trans-Caspian railway
1709:
1701:
103:Bozhe, Tsarya khrani!
3786:World Heritage Sites
3746:Environmental issues
2936:List of Kazakh khans
2694:Mission to Turkestan
2602:on October 22, 2016.
1850:), annexed from the
1808:Governor-Generalship
1806:was made a separate
1091:Early modern history
462:Governor-Generalship
350:Orenburg Governorate
336:Caucasus Viceroyalty
114:"God Save the Tsar!"
18:Russian Central Asia
4789:Central Asian Union
4749:Tian Shan mountains
3812:Central Asian Union
3704:Neutrality Monument
3047:Khan Tangiri Shyngy
3027:Aral Karakum Desert
2890:Kara-Khanid Khanate
2875:Xueyantuo Khaganate
2719:The Life of Alimqul
2660:Wheeler, Geoffrey.
2634:Pierce, Richard A.
2280:Semirechye Cossacks
2210:Soviet Central Asia
2173:Transcaspian Oblast
1969:February Revolution
1864:Transcaspian Region
1838:Division (Russian:
1499:Post-nomadic period
1145:Transcaspian Oblast
757:Colonization period
696:Kara-Khanid Khanate
235:• Established
4913:Telecommunications
4784:Capital punishment
4718:Towns and villages
4655:
4381:Telecommunications
4165:Emirate of Bukhara
4150:Khwarazmian Empire
3910:Telecommunications
3694:Saparmurat Niyazov
3251:Telecommunications
2727:Aftandil Erkinov.
2692:Count K.K. Pahlen
2644:E. D. Sokol,
2194:
2143:Khanate of Bukhara
2102:Aleksey Kuropatkin
2036:Mikhail Chernyayev
2016:
1854:, and in 1876 the
1826:and the Zeravshan
1779:Emirate of Bukhara
1751:Mikhail Chernyayev
1716:
1704:
1165:After Independence
1102:Emirate of Bukhara
1009:Rashidun Caliphate
986:Hephthalite Empire
470:Emirate of Bukhara
363:Turkestan Autonomy
5157:Russian Turkestan
5092:
5091:
5059:
5058:
4926:
4925:
4862:
4861:
4846:Supreme Assembly
4831:Political parties
4804:Foreign relations
4761:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4631:Basmachi movement
4575:
4574:
4535:
4534:
4399:
4398:
4345:
4344:
4327:Political parties
4322:
4292:Foreign relations
4264:
4263:
4170:Russian Turkestan
4091:
4090:
4051:
4050:
3923:
3922:
3879:
3878:
3832:Foreign relations
3794:
3793:
3553:
3552:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3277:
3276:
3208:
3207:
3200:Political parties
3173:Freedom of speech
3146:Foreign relations
3118:
3117:
2990:
2989:
2946:Russian Turkestan
2870:Oghuz Yabgu State
2572:978-1-317-45326-0
2545:978-0-7656-3205-0
2518:978-0-521-25514-1
2472:978-1-925021-16-5
2428:978-0-521-25514-1
2374:978-1-317-46862-2
2347:978-1-135-14501-9
2315:Chinese Turkestan
2275:Orenburg Cossacks
2149:Semirechye Oblast
2042:Nikolai Rozenbakh
1985:Soviet historians
1965:labour battalions
1824:Semirechye Oblast
1696:
1695:
1620:Eastern Orthodoxy
1579:
1578:
1508:Russian Turkestan
1489:
1488:
1391:Turkic (Göktürks)
1362:
1361:
1272:
1271:
946:Achaemenid Empire
931:Oxus civilization
873:
872:
838:
837:
805:
804:
801:
800:
782:Great game period
776:
775:
768:Russian Turkestan
738:
737:
734:
733:
686:Oghuz Yabgu State
613:
612:
609:
608:
553:Oxus Civilization
441:Russkiy Turkestan
438:
430:Русский Туркестан
422:Russian Turkestan
419:
418:
379:
378:
375:
374:
355:
354:
322:Khanate of Kokand
247:Republic declared
136:
109:Боже, Царя храни!
37:Русский Туркестан
33:Russian Turkestan
16:(Redirected from
5164:
5072:
4937:
4908:
4873:
4849:
4772:
4671:
4667:
4602:
4595:
4588:
4579:
4555:
4548:
4410:
4371:
4356:
4320:
4275:
4204:
4192:
4155:Chagatai Khanate
4118:
4111:
4104:
4095:
4071:
4064:
3934:
3905:
3890:
3822:Democratic Party
3805:
3719:
3674:
3673:
3663:
3662:
3647:Greater Khorasan
3612:Bactria–Margiana
3580:
3573:
3566:
3557:
3538:
3531:
3403:
3378:Wedding ceremony
3338:
3288:
3269:Waste management
3259:
3219:
3129:
3100:Cities and towns
3072:Tien (Tian) Shan
3010:
2998:
2900:Chagatai Khanate
2885:Kyrgyz Khaganate
2880:Uyghur Khaganate
2845:Rouran Khaganate
2799:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2752:
2717:T.K. Beisembiev
2670:Eugene Schuyler
2622:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2594:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2331:
2163:Syr-Darya Oblast
2135:Samarkand Oblast
1957:Saint Petersburg
1872:Mikhail Annenkov
1868:Mikhail Skobelev
1852:Khanate of Khiva
1849:
1841:
1832:Samarkand Oblast
1755:Saint Petersburg
1712:Syr-Darya Oblast
1688:
1681:
1674:
1575:
1504:
1503:
1377:
1376:
1315:
1314:
1302:
1292:
1274:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1204:Greater Khorasan
1160:Turkmenistan SSR
1097:Khanate of Khiva
1064:Chagatai Khanate
1049:Seljuk Turkomans
1044:Ghaznavid Empire
981:Kidarite Kingdom
976:Sassanian Empire
961:Parthian dynasty
903:
893:
875:
865:
858:
851:
818:
789:
788:
764:
763:
753:
632:
631:
628:
549:
548:
545:
532:
522:
504:
474:Khanate of Khiva
443:
433:
431:
371:
370:
359:
358:
346:
345:
332:
331:
318:
317:
304:
303:
297:
296:
281:
280:
275:: 5 (since 1899)
138:
137:
115:
111:
110:
105:
86:
72:
47:
39:
38:
30:
21:
5172:
5171:
5167:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5161:
5097:
5096:
5093:
5088:
5075:
5068:
5055:
5002:
4976:Public holidays
4922:
4906:
4858:
4847:
4821:Law enforcement
4753:
4744:Pamir mountains
4727:
4656:
4645:
4612:
4606:
4576:
4571:
4558:
4551:
4544:
4531:
4473:
4469:Public holidays
4395:
4369:
4341:
4309:Law enforcement
4260:
4246:Protected areas
4193:
4184:
4131:
4122:
4092:
4087:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4047:
3977:
3973:Public holidays
3919:
3903:
3875:
3849:Law enforcement
3790:
3766:Protected areas
3708:
3671:
3669:
3660:
3658:
3652:Parthian Empire
3593:
3584:
3554:
3549:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3510:
3429:
3392:
3336:
3273:
3257:
3204:
3185:Law enforcement
3114:
3086:
3052:Kyzylkum Desert
2999:
2986:
2970:
2919:
2828:
2788:
2779:
2749:
2714:(Berkeley) 1997
2699:Seymour Becker
2631:
2629:Further reading
2626:
2625:
2611:
2607:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2573:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2546:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2519:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2473:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2402:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2375:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2348:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2266:
2236:) in 1924. The
2208:was created in
2186:
2110:
1993:
1977:Tashkent Soviet
1961:Basmachi Revolt
1933:
1880:
1800:
1794:
1775:Zeravshan River
1743:Peter the Great
1727:
1721:
1692:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1646:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1589:
1581:
1580:
1573:
1501:
1491:
1490:
1374:
1364:
1363:
1312:
1290:
1283:
1268:
1232:
1230:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1178:
1170:
1169:
1135:
1127:
1126:
1092:
1084:
1083:
1059:Mongol conquest
1039:Oghuz Turkomans
999:
991:
990:
951:Seleucid Empire
916:Ancient history
911:
891:
884:
869:
840:
839:
834:
815:
807:
806:
750:
740:
739:
625:
615:
614:
542:
520:
513:
502:
415:
368:
343:
329:
315:
301:
249:
236:
206:
180:
139:
119:
113:
112:
106:
87:
77:
76:
73:
48:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5170:
5168:
5160:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5099:
5098:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5086:
5081:
5074:
5073:
5065:
5064:
5061:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5012:
5010:
5004:
5003:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4957:
4956:
4951:
4940:
4934:
4928:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4876:
4870:
4864:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4851:
4843:
4841:Prime Minister
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4817:
4816:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4775:
4769:
4763:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4698:Extreme points
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4674:
4664:
4658:
4657:
4648:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4622:
4620:
4614:
4613:
4611: articles
4607:
4605:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4582:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4564:
4557:
4556:
4549:
4541:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4483:
4481:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4413:
4407:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4365:
4359:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4278:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4226:Extreme points
4223:
4218:
4213:
4207:
4201:
4195:
4194:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4160:Timurid Empire
4157:
4152:
4147:
4141:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4113:
4106:
4098:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4073:
4072:
4065:
4057:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3987:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3951:Turkmen people
3948:
3937:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3899:
3893:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3751:Extreme points
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3665:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3603:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3575:
3568:
3560:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3540:
3539:
3532:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3406:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3332:
3327:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3241:Stock Exchange
3238:
3233:
3228:
3222:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3161:Prime Minister
3158:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3132:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3096:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3017:Aktogay Canyon
3013:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2951:Alash Autonomy
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2931:Kazakh Khanate
2927:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2770:
2763:
2755:
2748:
2747:External links
2745:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2732:
2725:
2722:
2715:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2686:(London) 1889
2678:
2668:
2658:
2653:Daniel Brower
2651:
2642:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2605:
2578:
2571:
2551:
2544:
2524:
2517:
2497:
2478:
2471:
2451:
2434:
2427:
2407:
2400:
2380:
2373:
2353:
2346:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2265:
2262:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2170:
2160:
2146:
2132:
2129:Kokand Khanate
2121:Fergana Oblast
2109:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2029:
2023:
2020:
1992:
1989:
1955:Department in
1932:
1929:
1879:
1876:
1860:Kokand Khanate
1856:Fergana Oblast
1798:The Great Game
1793:
1790:
1723:Main article:
1720:
1717:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1528:Alash Autonomy
1524:
1523:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1502:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1481:Kazakh Khanate
1477:
1476:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1346:Kangju Kingdom
1342:
1341:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1313:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1295:
1294:
1285:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1136:
1134:Modern history
1133:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1004:Islamic period
1000:
997:
996:
993:
992:
989:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
921:Jeitun culture
918:
912:
909:
908:
905:
904:
896:
895:
886:
885:
878:
871:
870:
868:
867:
860:
853:
845:
842:
841:
836:
835:
833:
832:
827:
821:
816:
813:
812:
809:
808:
803:
802:
799:
798:
795:
785:
784:
778:
777:
774:
773:
770:
760:
759:
751:
746:
745:
742:
741:
736:
735:
732:
731:
728:
722:
721:
718:
712:
711:
708:
702:
701:
698:
692:
691:
688:
682:
681:
678:
672:
671:
668:
662:
661:
658:
652:
651:
648:
642:
641:
638:
626:
621:
620:
617:
616:
611:
610:
607:
606:
604:
598:
597:
595:
589:
588:
586:
580:
579:
577:
567:
566:
564:
558:
557:
555:
543:
538:
537:
534:
533:
525:
524:
515:
514:
507:
501:
498:
450:Russian Empire
417:
416:
414:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
387:
385:
381:
380:
377:
376:
373:
372:
365:
356:
353:
352:
347:
339:
338:
333:
325:
324:
319:
311:
310:
305:
293:
292:
287:
277:
276:
270:
266:
265:
262:
261:
258:
257:
254:
253:
250:
244:
241:
240:
237:
234:
231:
230:
227:
226:
223:
219:
218:
215:
214:
211:
210:
207:
200:
197:
196:
193:
192:
189:
185:
184:
181:
174:
171:
170:
167:
163:
162:
157:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
117:
97:
96:
90:
89:
79:
78:
74:
67:
66:
63:
62:
58:
57:
55:Russian Empire
50:
49:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5169:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5095:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5071:
5067:
5066:
5062:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5009:
5005:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4955:
4954:ethnic groups
4952:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4929:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4865:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4764:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4730:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4672:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4659:
4652:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4626:Early history
4624:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4615:
4610:
4603:
4598:
4596:
4591:
4589:
4584:
4583:
4580:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4554:
4550:
4547:
4543:
4542:
4538:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4476:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4453:
4452:Mental health
4450:
4449:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4437:Ethnic groups
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4402:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4332:Supreme Court
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4267:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4191:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4119:
4114:
4112:
4107:
4105:
4100:
4099:
4096:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4070:
4066:
4063:
4059:
4058:
4054:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3946:Ethnic groups
3944:
3943:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3926:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3666:
3664:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3581:
3576:
3574:
3569:
3567:
3562:
3561:
3558:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3389:
3388:Kazakh tribes
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3236:National Bank
3234:
3232:
3231:Energy policy
3229:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3062:Sharyn Canyon
3060:
3058:
3057:Lake Balkhash
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3042:Kazakh Steppe
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2997:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2916:
2915:Uzbek Khanate
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2895:Mongol Empire
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2860:Kimek Khanate
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2833:Early history
2831:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2776:
2771:
2769:
2764:
2762:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2746:
2744:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2721:(London) 2003
2720:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2696:(Oxford) 1964
2695:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2657:(London) 2003
2656:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2621:
2618:, p. 228, at
2617:
2616:
2609:
2606:
2598:
2591:
2590:
2582:
2579:
2574:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2555:
2552:
2547:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2528:
2525:
2520:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2501:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2479:
2474:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2455:
2452:
2447:
2446:
2438:
2435:
2430:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2411:
2408:
2403:
2401:0-8223-1521-1
2397:
2393:
2392:
2384:
2381:
2376:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2357:
2354:
2349:
2343:
2339:
2338:
2330:
2327:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2190:
2183:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:Turkification
1920:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1887:) toured the
1886:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1818:(provinces):
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1719:Establishment
1718:
1713:
1708:
1700:
1689:
1684:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1642:
1641:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1585:
1584:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1472:
1471:Uzbek Khanate
1469:
1468:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1452:
1451:Mongol Empire
1449:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1286:
1281:
1275:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1229:
1228:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1174:
1173:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1117:Afsharid Iran
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
995:
994:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
966:Kushan Empire
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
941:Median Empire
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
913:
907:
906:
902:
898:
897:
894:
887:
882:
876:
866:
861:
859:
854:
852:
847:
846:
844:
843:
831:
828:
826:
823:
822:
820:
819:
811:
810:
796:
794:
791:
790:
787:
786:
783:
779:
771:
769:
766:
765:
762:
761:
758:
754:
749:
744:
743:
729:
727:
724:
723:
719:
717:
716:Mongol Empire
714:
713:
709:
707:
704:
703:
699:
697:
694:
693:
689:
687:
684:
683:
679:
677:
676:Kimek Khanate
674:
673:
669:
667:
664:
663:
659:
657:
654:
653:
649:
647:
644:
643:
639:
637:
634:
633:
630:
629:
624:
619:
618:
605:
603:
600:
599:
596:
594:
591:
590:
587:
585:
582:
581:
578:
576:
572:
569:
568:
565:
563:
560:
559:
556:
554:
551:
550:
547:
546:
541:
536:
535:
531:
527:
526:
523:
516:
511:
505:
499:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
466:Kazakh Steppe
463:
459:
455:
454:Central Asian
451:
447:
442:
436:
427:
423:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
388:
386:
384:Today part of
382:
366:
364:
361:
360:
357:
351:
348:
341:
340:
337:
334:
327:
326:
323:
320:
313:
312:
309:
306:
299:
298:
295:
294:
291:
288:
286:
283:
282:
278:
274:
271:
267:
255:
251:
248:
238:
224:
220:
212:
208:
204:
190:
182:
178:
168:
161:
158:
156:
149:
146:
116:
104:
95:
91:
85:
80:
71:
64:
59:
56:
51:
45:
31:
19:
5094:
5016:Architecture
4991:coat of arms
4944:Demographics
4885:Central bank
4848:(parliament)
4809:Human rights
4794:Constitution
4739:Central Asia
4487:Architecture
4427:Demographics
4422:Coat of arms
4321:(Parliament)
4319:Oliy Majlis
4297:Human rights
4282:Constitution
4169:
3991:Architecture
3941:Demographics
3868:
3837:Human rights
3817:Constitution
3731:Central Asia
3668:Khwarazmian
3587:Turkmenistan
3446:Azerbaijanis
3398:Demographics
3315:Coat of arms
3305:Architecture
3168:Human rights
3136:Constitution
3092:Subdivisions
2945:
2905:Golden Horde
2855:Kangar union
2743:
2728:
2718:
2709:
2707:Adeeb Khalid
2700:
2693:
2683:
2671:
2661:
2654:
2646:
2635:
2620:Google Books
2613:
2608:
2597:the original
2588:
2581:
2561:
2554:
2534:
2527:
2507:
2500:
2491:
2481:
2461:
2454:
2444:
2437:
2417:
2410:
2390:
2383:
2363:
2356:
2336:
2329:
2256:. After the
2226:Turkmenistan
2218:Soviet Union
2195:
2111:
1994:
1934:
1921:
1917:
1881:
1878:Colonization
1801:
1785:
1783:
1728:
1538:Kirghiz ASSR
1507:
1461:Golden Horde
1199:Greater Iran
1107:Safavid Iran
1054:Khwarazmians
892:Turkmenistan
767:
726:Golden Horde
646:Hephthalites
521:Central Asia
421:
420:
411:Turkmenistan
308:Qing dynasty
290:Succeeded by
289:
284:
239:23 July 1867
75:Coat of arms
4880:Agriculture
4693:Environment
4688:Earthquakes
3897:Agriculture
3698:Türkmenbaşy
3672:(1077–1231)
3661:(1037–1194)
3607:Yaz culture
3226:Agriculture
3037:Caspian Sea
2956:Kazakh ASSR
2910:White Horde
2688:online free
2681:G.N. Curzon
2676:online free
2184:Soviet rule
2131:until 1876)
2127:) (part of
1897:Caspian Sea
1710:Map of the
1548:Kazakh ASSR
1441:Qara Khitai
1431:Kara-Khanid
1289:History of
1214:Transcaspia
1155:Soviet rule
998:Middle Ages
971:Proto-Turks
890:History of
706:Qara Khitai
623:Middle Ages
519:History of
448:within the
285:Preceded by
5101:Categories
5031:Literature
4907:(currency)
4636:Soviet era
4609:Tajikistan
4507:Literature
4447:Healthcare
4370:(currency)
4180:Since 1991
4125:Uzbekistan
3904:(currency)
3859:Parliament
3689:Soviet era
3684:Magtymguly
3622:Massagetae
3501:Ukrainians
3373:Television
3337:(Internet)
3258:(currency)
3195:Parliament
3151:Government
3077:Ural River
2961:Kazakh SSR
2924:Since 1465
2802:Prehistory
2782:Kazakhstan
2321:References
2250:Kyrgyzstan
2246:Kyrgyz SSR
2242:Tajikistan
2234:Uzbekistan
2214:Kazakhstan
2196:After the
2085:1910–1911
2079:1909–1910
2049:1898–1901
2025:1867–1881
1973:Bolsheviks
1796:See also:
1737:since the
1605:Healthcare
1558:Kazakh SSR
1465:1240s–1446
1291:Kazakhstan
1122:Qajar Iran
936:Massagetae
926:Gonur Depe
730:1240s–1446
640:200s–1000s
406:Uzbekistan
401:Tajikistan
396:Kyrgyzstan
391:Kazakhstan
188:Population
160:Turkestani
5142:Turkestan
4961:Education
4918:Transport
4836:President
4799:Elections
4708:Mountains
4662:Geography
4641:Civil War
4459:Languages
4432:Education
4391:Transport
4363:Companies
4287:Elections
4241:Mountains
4221:Districts
4199:Geography
3958:Education
3915:Transport
3864:President
3827:Elections
3761:Mountains
3741:Districts
3714:Geography
3679:Silk Road
3441:Armenians
3410:Education
3368:Squatting
3264:Transport
3156:President
3141:Elections
3105:Districts
3067:Syr Darya
3005:Geography
2672:Turkistan
2139:Samarkand
1953:Migration
1836:Amu Darya
1820:Syr Darya
1804:Turkestan
1792:Expansion
1777:from the
1771:Samarkand
1767:Ura-Tyube
1759:Khodzhent
1731:Astrakhan
1600:Geography
1562:1936–1991
1552:1925–1936
1542:1920–1925
1532:1918–1920
1522:1882–1918
1512:1867–1918
1485:1465–1847
1475:1428-1465
1455:1206–1368
1445:1124–1218
1219:Turkmenia
1069:Ilkhanate
1029:Saffarids
910:Antiquity
797:XIX a.d.–
772:1867–1918
720:1206–1368
710:1124–1218
446:Turkestan
435:romanized
209:5,280,983
61:1867–1917
5079:Category
5046:Religion
4971:Language
4826:Military
4767:Politics
4723:Wildlife
4562:Category
4522:Religion
4497:Clothing
4376:Taxation
4314:Military
4270:Politics
4129:articles
4078:Category
4021:Religion
3968:Language
3854:Military
3800:Politics
3781:Wildlife
3670:dynasty
3637:Hyrcania
3632:Khwarezm
3627:Margiana
3591:articles
3545:Category
3486:Russians
3420:Language
3358:Religion
3310:Clothing
3295:Alphabet
3190:Military
3124:Politics
2975:By topic
2850:Göktürks
2786:articles
2664:(1964).
2264:See also
2177:Askhabat
2167:Tashkent
2100:1916–17
1945:Orenburg
1937:Tashkent
1931:Basmachi
1905:Aksakals
1802:In 1867
1747:Tashkent
1735:Orenburg
1615:Buddhism
1610:Religion
1435:840–1212
1425:750–1055
1415:743–1220
1372:Khanates
1280:a series
1278:Part of
1209:Khwarazm
1194:Margiana
1184:Hyrcania
1079:Timurids
1034:Samanids
1024:Tahirids
1019:Abbasids
1014:Umayyads
881:a series
879:Part of
700:840–1212
690:750–1055
680:743–1220
656:Göktürks
650:440s–710
636:Sogdians
571:Dingling
510:a series
508:Part of
472:and the
201:• (
175:• (
148:Tashkent
5070:Outline
5026:Cuisine
5008:Culture
4981:Symbols
4932:Society
4905:Somoni
4868:Economy
4854:Regions
4779:Cabinet
4678:Borders
4618:History
4546:Outline
4502:Cuisine
4479:Culture
4405:Society
4386:Tourism
4351:Economy
4251:Regions
4231:Forests
4211:Borders
4137:History
4062:Outline
4026:Symbols
4001:Cuisine
3983:Culture
3929:Society
3885:Economy
3870:Ruhnama
3771:Regions
3726:Borders
3659:Empire
3657:Seljuk
3642:Parthia
3599:History
3529:Outline
3506:Uyghurs
3476:Koreans
3471:Kazakhs
3456:Germans
3434:Peoples
3343:Kazakhs
3335:Kaznet
3320:Cuisine
3283:Culture
3214:Economy
3110:Regions
3082:Zhetysu
3032:Borders
2865:Karluks
2794:History
2638:(1960)
2114:oblasts
2040:1884‒9
2034:1882‒4
2008:Bukhara
1975:of the
1949:Russian
1830:(later
1816:oblasts
1763:Dzhizak
1714:in 1872
1630:Judaism
1595:Culture
1574:present
1405:665–744
1395:552–745
1385:330–555
1319:Scythia
1310:Ancient
670:665–744
666:Karluks
660:552–745
562:Scythia
540:Ancient
500:History
478:Russian
437::
426:Russian
273:Oblasts
245:•
222:History
155:Demonym
144:Capital
44:Russian
5084:Portal
5051:Sports
5021:Cinema
4986:anthem
4966:Health
4949:people
4895:Mining
4890:Energy
4713:Rivers
4683:Cities
4567:Portal
4492:Cinema
4464:People
4417:Anthem
4256:Rivers
4216:Cities
4145:Sogdia
4127:
4083:Portal
4036:emblem
4031:anthem
4016:Sports
3996:Cinema
3963:Health
3902:Manat
3776:Rivers
3736:Cities
3589:
3491:Tatars
3461:Greeks
3451:Dungan
3415:Health
3300:Anthem
3256:Tenge
2982:Postal
2814:Kangju
2784:
2569:
2542:
2515:
2469:
2425:
2398:
2371:
2344:
2228:) and
2012:Kokand
1941:steppe
1588:Topics
1401:Karluk
1381:Rouran
1282:on the
1189:Sogdia
883:on the
830:Sports
814:Topics
748:Modern
593:Kangju
512:on the
492:, and
490:Kyrgyz
486:Kazakh
225:
191:
169:
94:Anthem
40:
5041:Music
5036:Media
4732:Areas
4703:Lakes
4553:Index
4527:Sport
4517:Music
4512:Media
4236:Lakes
4069:Index
4011:Music
4006:Media
3756:Lakes
3617:Dahae
3536:Index
3496:Turks
3481:Poles
3425:Women
3383:Y-DNA
3363:Sport
3353:Music
3348:Media
2819:Wusun
2600:(PDF)
2593:(PDF)
2153:Verny
2064:1906
1981:Jadid
1943:from
1913:Jadid
1901:Qadis
1846:otdel
1840:отдел
1828:Okrug
1645:Other
1625:Islam
1572:1991–
1421:Oghuz
1411:Kimek
1337:Wusun
1074:Karts
575:Tiele
494:Tajik
482:Uzbek
4996:flag
4814:LGBT
4442:Flag
4368:Sum
4302:LGBT
4041:flag
3842:LGBT
3466:Jews
3330:Flag
3324:wine
3178:LGBT
2840:Tele
2824:Huns
2809:Saka
2567:ISBN
2540:ISBN
2513:ISBN
2467:ISBN
2423:ISBN
2396:ISBN
2369:ISBN
2342:ISBN
2200:, a
2010:and
2004:Kiva
1889:Krai
1870:and
1765:and
1733:and
1355:Huns
1328:Saka
602:Huns
584:Saka
458:Krai
252:1917
203:1897
177:1897
166:Area
2941:Jüz
1741:of
825:Art
460:or
452:’s
5103::
2490:.
2116:.
2006:,
1842:,
1822:,
1761:,
496:.
488:,
484:,
480:,
432:,
428::
205:)
4601:e
4594:t
4587:v
4117:e
4110:t
4103:v
3700:)
3696:(
3579:e
3572:t
3565:v
3326:)
3322:(
2774:e
2767:t
2760:v
2575:.
2548:.
2521:.
2494:.
2475:.
2431:.
2404:.
2377:.
2350:.
2248:(
2240:(
2232:(
2224:(
2175:(
2169:)
2165:(
2159:)
2151:(
2145:)
2137:(
2123:(
1687:e
1680:t
1673:v
1263:e
1256:t
1249:v
864:e
857:t
850:v
573:/
424:(
179:)
46:)
42:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
