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of the outer engines should stop." However, this configuration resulted in poor take-off and climb performance, due to propeller inefficiency. In June 1913, the airplane was altered so that the two rear engines were remounted outboard on the leading edges, "...transforming the installation into a four-in-line. The change resulted in a substantially improved take-off and a slightly better climb. The rudders were still effective enough to hold the plane against two engines stopped on one side." On 2 August
Sikorsky flew the "Grand" for one hour and fifty-four minutes with eight persons on board.
42:
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After the first test flight with his co-pilot and mechanic on board, Sikorsky noted, "in order to keep the engines close to the center line, they were mounted in two tandem groups on both sides of the fuselage. This was done chiefly to protect the plane from the danger of unsymmetrical thrust if one
278:
Sikorsky described the airplane's instruments, "There were four tachometers for the engines, two altimeters, a U-glass tube with alcohol connected to a sort of pressure receiver to indicate the flying speed, a ball in a curved glass tube to work as bank indicator and a long streamline tube mounted
279:
some three feet ahead of the window with divisions to indicate the incidence. The three latter instruments were 'home made,' designed for the 'Grand.' They were particularly necessary because of the enclosed cabin."
247:
sheets. The aircraft had a cabin with dual control columns, two passenger cabins and a storage room for spare parts. There was also an open deck forward of the pilot's cabin equipped with a
295:, it was established that a passenger could even walk around the cabins without causing any problems to stability. The aircraft left the ground after a 700-meter (2,300 ft)
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Sikorsky conceived the S-21 design in 1911, when no known aircraft could lift more than 600 kilograms (1,323 lb). The carrying capacity record belonged to the French
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Sikorsky made a total of fifty-three flights with the "Grand" before it was damaged by falling debris from a different aircraft. While parked on the
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layout onto the leading edge of the lower wing as tractor configuration powerplants, outboard of the original inner tractor configuration engines.
235:
planform and a chord of 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in). The distance between the wings (wing gap) was also 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in). Its
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aircraft during a landing. Sikorsky decided not to repair the seriously damaged Russky Vityaz and began working on his next brainchild — the
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Ducis, who had flown 800 m (2,600 ft) with a load of 600 kg (1,323 lb). On hearing about the construction of the
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263:(Great Baltic), was powered by four engines installed in tandem pairs (it was originally designed as a twin-engine plane, known as
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on the upper wings provided for the airplane's stability. The first quadruple-engined version of what was to become known as the
717:
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614:
Detailed description with plan drawings. Basically a translation of the German article "Der
Doppeldecker von Sykorsky" below.
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in early 1913, the experts and the media around the world were predicting a complete failure. The first aerial test of the
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on 10 May 1913 was successful. At the time, many people in other parts of the world considered it to be a newspaper
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580:(McGraw-Hill ed.). New York: Jane's All the World's Aircraft Publishing Company. p. 22.
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in its first four-engined version, was the first four-engine aircraft in the world, designed by
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on 23 June 1913, the aircraft was crushed by an engine that fell off a single-seat
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596:"The Biggest Flying Machine in the World: The Remarkable Biplane of Sikorsky"
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4-cylinder water-cooled in-line piston engine, 75 kW (100 hp) each
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647:[A Remarkable Russian Aeroplane: Sykorsky's "Grand"].
604:. Vol. CIX, no. 15. 11 October 1913. p. 280.
697:Сикорский С-21 Русский Витязь (Sikorsky S-21 Russky Vityaz)
667:. Vol. V, no. 40. 4 October 1913. p. 1089.
653:(in French). Vol. 21, no. 17. pp. 391–392.
645:"Un Remarquable Aéroplane Russe: Le "Grand" de Sykorsky"
521:. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company. pp. 84–85.
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Page, Walter Hines; Page, Arthur Wilson (July 1914).
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460:(1st ed.). Arcadia Publishing. p. 27.
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271:relocated the twin pusher engines from the
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483:"Man And His Machines: A Russian "Airbus""
128:Early "Le Grand" version with two engines.
31:
618:Vorreiter, Ansbert (13 September 1913).
659:"Aeroplane Types: The Sykorsky Biplane"
643:Lebedeff, Wladimir (1 September 1913).
488:The World's Work: A History of Our Time
446:
430:170 km (110 mi, 92 nmi)
424:90 km/h (56 mph, 49 kn)
7:
512:
510:
457:The Sikorsky Legacy-Bolshoi Baltisky
1475:1910s Russian experimental aircraft
381:120 m (1,300 sq ft)
25:
363:28 m (91 ft 10 in)
166:Russian Baltic Railroad Car Works
81:Russian Baltic Railroad Car Works
622:[The Sykorsky Biplane].
369:20 m (65 ft 7 in)
357:20 m (65 ft 7 in)
287:After the Russky Vityaz's first
40:
620:"Der Doppeldecker von Sykorsky"
375:4 m (13 ft 1 in)
170:Russo-Baltiiskyi Vagonnyi Zavod
399:4,940 kg (10,891 lb)
324:Specifications (Russky Vityaz)
27:1913 aircraft by Igor Sikorsky
1:
1495:Four-engined tractor aircraft
533:"The Sikorsky 'Bus in Russia"
393:4,000 kg (8,818 lb)
387:2,700 kg (5,952 lb)
1490:Four-engined piston aircraft
1480:Aircraft first flown in 1913
673:"The Sikorsky Air Limousine"
291:between 10 and 27 May 1913
148:), previously known as the
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436:600 m (2,000 ft)
259:, originally known as the
239:was a rectangular section
683:(3): 106. September 1913.
519:The Story of the Winged-S
153:
137:
39:
454:Sergei Sikorsky (2007).
216:was a four-engine multi-
1255:(military designations)
957:(military designations)
636:2027/mdp.39015080018263
517:Sikorsky, Igor (1952).
336:General characteristics
1025:(company designations)
744:(company designations)
693:Airliners of the World
351:up to seven passengers
331:Milestones of the Air
134:Sikorsky Russky Vityaz
129:
1412:Experimental aircraft
1324:CH-53E Super Stallion
610:2027/pst.000063000085
578:Milestones of the Air
251:and machine gun. The
127:
52:tractor configuration
1329:CH-53K King Stallion
955:Fixed-wing aircraft
742:Fixed-wing aircraft
556:This Day in Aviation
856:S-22/23/24/25/26/27
601:Scientific American
576:King, H.F. (1969).
397:Max takeoff weight:
283:Operational history
60:General information
1319:CH-53 Sea Stallion
273:Bolshoi Baltisky's
223:with unequal-span
158:(The Great Baltic)
154:Большой Балтийский
130:
50:version with four
1505:Sikorsky aircraft
1462:
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550:Swopes, Bryan R.
164:and built at the
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16:(Redirected from
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1419:Cypher/Cypher II
1366:SH-60B/F Seahawk
1361:MH-60R/S Seahawk
1351:HH-60G Pave Hawk
1346:UH-60 Black Hawk
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689:Авиалайнеры мира
687:Vladimir Bykov,
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178:Saint Petersburg
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367:Lower wingspan:
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180:in early 1913.
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46:The definitive
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589:External links
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552:"23 June 1913"
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539:, 21 June 1913
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467:978-0738549958
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138:Русский витязь
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162:Igor Sikorsky
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48:Russky Vityaz
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35:Russky Vityaz
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18:Russky Vityaz
1304:CH-37 Mojave
1299:H-34 Choctaw
1253:Helicopters
1023:Helicopters
850:
699:(in Russian)
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559:. Retrieved
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497:. Retrieved
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289:test flights
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231:wings had a
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115:10 May 1913
112:First flight
99:Number built
76:Manufacturer
47:
29:
1341:CH-54 Tarhe
677:Aeronautics
650:L'Aérophile
415:Performance
403:Powerplant:
249:searchlight
233:rectangular
227:. The dual-
184:Development
1469:Categories
441:References
407:Argus As I
379:Wing area:
265:"Le Grand"
152:(Russian:
136:(Russian:
349:Capacity:
329:Data from
1485:Biplanes
1434:Raider X
736:aircraft
734:Sikorsky
499:4 August
495:(2): 360
253:ailerons
237:fuselage
87:Designer
69:Airliner
54:engines.
1424:Firefly
1371:H-60J/K
1267:HH-3E/F
1112:S-61L/N
561:26 June
373:Height:
355:Length:
297:takeoff
267:). The
245:plywood
221:biplane
107:History
1449:XBLR-3
1429:Raider
999:XBLR-3
866:S-29-A
664:Flight
537:Flight
464:
428:Range:
308:runway
241:girder
208:Design
140:), or
1376:VH-60
1334:MH-53
1309:XH-39
1244:S-434
1239:S-333
1234:S-300
1229:S-103
1224:S-102
1219:S-100
1117:S-61R
941:VS-44
695:") –
345:three
343:Crew:
299:run.
225:wings
190:pilot
176:) in
174:R-BVZ
1454:XV-2
1439:SB-1
1289:H-18
1214:S-97
1209:S-95
1204:S-92
1199:S-80
1194:S-76
1189:S-75
1184:S-74
1179:S-73
1174:S-72
1169:S-71
1164:S-70
1159:S-69
1154:S-68
1149:S-67
1144:S-66
1139:S-65
1134:S-64
1129:S-63
1124:S-62
1107:S-61
1102:S-60
1097:S-59
1092:S-58
1087:S-57
1082:S-56
1077:S-55
1072:S-54
1067:S-53
1062:S-52
1057:S-51
1052:S-50
1047:S-49
1042:S-48
1037:S-47
1014:XV-2
1004:XPBS
979:JR2S
969:C-28
946:S-45
936:S-43
931:S-42
926:S-41
921:S-40
916:S-39
911:S-38
906:S-37
901:S-36
896:S-35
891:S-34
886:S-33
881:S-32
876:S-31
871:S-30
861:S-28
851:S-21
846:S-20
841:S-19
836:S-18
831:S-17
826:S-16
821:S-15
816:S-14
811:S-13
806:S-12
801:S-11
796:S-10
681:XIII
563:2014
501:2009
493:XLIV
462:ISBN
405:4 ×
293:O.S.
229:spar
212:The
202:hoax
146:S-21
132:The
117:O.S.
65:Type
1403:HLH
1284:H-6
1279:H-5
1274:R-4
1009:XSS
989:P2S
974:JRS
964:C-6
791:S-9
786:S-8
781:S-7
776:S-6
771:S-5
766:S-4
761:S-3
756:S-2
751:S-1
632:hdl
606:hdl
218:bay
172:or
1471::
1444:X2
994:RS
984:PS
691:("
679:.
675:.
661:.
598:.
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535:,
509:^
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156:)
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612:.
608::
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168:(
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