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doubted Nuri's behavior towards the criminal. He called him at night without supervision, and then the criminal rushed to confess after Nuri left his room. Whereas before that, he had denied all his incitement and stated that he assassinated Rustam because he believed he would harm Iraq, and that he had not fulfilled her request... I remember that I told Nuri one day that I doubted the Fifth Column’s connection to the assassination incident, and it is possible that the German agents incited the killer.
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332:, a law student, and Ahmed Qadri, a medical student, with the motivation of spreading a nationalistic spirit. Furthermore, he worked in other political and national fields. Haidar later obtained a high grade from the university and returned to Baalbek in 1913 to work in the education fields. During World War I, Rustam worked as a history and economics teacher in
280:, Defense Minister, and Finance Minister of Iraq. Rustam Haidar is considered an important figure in the history of the modern Iraqi state and worked in many Iraqi ministries despite being of Lebanese origin. Joining the forces of Faisal I, he was a companion of the young emir throughout his life until his death during a trip to
537:
ran into the office and confronted Haidar. Before Haidar could leave the office, he was shot 3 times by Tawfiq on his left side, and he died four days later in the royal hospital from his wounds. This assassination began a widespread political and sectarian social controversy and struggle, as well as
454:
in his
Sorbonne University thesis and apparently pledged King Faisal I to support him in playing a renaissance role in building the new Iraqi nation. Rustam often called on the state to focus most of its attention on education, the health conditions of the people, and the happiness and well-being of
409:
Rustam Haidar worked as an Iraqi minister seven times, and lastly as the minister of finance where he was described as a "brave and solid" person during his service. These ministries included the
Minister of Finance, Minister of the Economy, and the Minister of Transportation, as well as working in
604:
that Rustam Haider had fallen victim to a conspiracy hatched by Nuri al-Said’s opponents to weaken his ministry, or that the
Germans were the ones who planned the crime." But some believe that Nuri al-Said had no interest in the assassination, as he was not in enmity with Rustam Haider, but rather
562:
Due to Rustam Haidar's personality, he was characterized as a "man with no enemies and was not of the violent or confrontational type. Rather, he was generous, kind, and polite to everyone." The events and motives behind his assassination baffled Iraqis. Furthermore, Nuri al-Said's action following
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telegrammed King Faisal I congratulating him on achieving independence. He was sent to convey the Shah the King's appreciation for his telegram. The mission was warmly welcomed by the
Iranian government and on the 25th, Haidar was received in audience by the Shah who had informed him of recognition
425:
As the
Minister of Finance, he ordered the seizing of King Faisal I's funds after Haidar had issued a new law to collect overdue debts to the government, and most of those who delayed collecting debts were influential people. These included ministers and tribal sheikhs. The law was first taken into
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on
January 7, 1919. Haidar first set soil in Iraq on June 23, 1921, along with Faisal I after they departed the "Northbrook" ship. After that, Haidar acquired Iraqi citizenship in accordance with the new law, which was written down by the newly crowned King Faisal I, and remained in the service of
347:
to expel the
Ottoman army with direct support from European forces. Because of his background, Haidar was described as "calm in nature and extremely intelligent." After his work in the revolt, Rustam Haidar managed to rise to major positions under the rule of King Faisal I, even after Faisal I was
616:
Saeed Yahya, who attended
Executing the sentence against the murderer of Rustam Haidar. He said that the death sentence was not communicated to the criminal until before the hanging, so he chanted for the life of Hitler and chanted for the downfall of Nuri al-Said, who had taught him deviation. I
549:
The government announced the passing of Rustam Haidar much to the shock of the Iraqis. Despite Tawfiq's confession to the crime, opinions on the motive behind the assassinations differ and the events and motives behind the assassination remained a mystery. Some consider it personal, political, or
545:
area at the time, Jamil al-Orfali, immediately rushed to the Royal
Hospital to meet up with Haidar but was unable to interrogate him because he was unable to speak due to his condition, so he went to the building of the General Police Directorate because the perpetrator was detained in it. He was
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Came to Iraq as a stranger, but he loved the country and its people, and was loyal to his king and his new homeland. He advised the king to unite the people of the country and bring them together under his umbrella without discrimination or tyranny, and he urged him to bring the Shi'ites closer
348:
crowned as King of Iraq. By this point, Haidar became the King's private and trusted advisor and secretary and was the writer of the King's speeches and statements and the confidant of his secrets. On
November 22, 1918, he left with Faisal I, heading to Paris to attend the
629:. However, de Gaury did not indicate the source on which he based what he said, nor did he support his statement with evidence that could be believed or disproved. Nevertheless, Nuri al-Said took advantage of the incident to attack a number of his political opponents.
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of Iraq. Haidar then headed back to Baghdad on the 30th after the mission was concluded with the first Iranian minister appointed to Baghdad, Ayatollah Khan Sami'i. Rustam Haidar also played a role in issuing the Iraqi currency in 1932 for the first time after the
772:
513:
Rustam Haidar was an extremely busy person, he lived alone in a residence in Baghdad and was characterized as "a man with no enemies." Rustam remained unmarried throughout his life until his death.
533:
Haidar was targeted by other leading politicians for his faith. On January 18, 1940, at around 11 AM before noon, Haidar was sitting in his office when a dismissed police commissioner named
343:
which was led against the Ottomans, Haidar decided to join the forces of Faisal I due to being a founding member of al-Fatat Society. He helped head the military campaign heading to the
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interrogated in the presence of the Public Prosecutor and Tawfiq had confessed that he disgruntled with Haidar due to not giving him a job he promised and acted on it all alone.
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and Nuri al-Said, were next to Faisal I's deathbed, and listened to his last words before he died suddenly from a heart attack on the morning of September 8, 1933.
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the citizens due to over 400 years of Ottoman rule which led the Iraqi people into backwardness. However, due to his honesty, many of the former students of
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together, educate them, and invite them to participate in governance after they were like strangers during the era of the Sunni Turkish government.
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Rustam seemed to be interested in the progress that could occur in nations as a result of the efforts of their leaders. He reportedly wrote about
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the execution of the killer added more suspicion to the controversy. Some noted Haidar's Shi'i Muslim origin as most of the royal class were of
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action by Haidar on the private royal treasury. In addition to other positions, in 1929, he was the first diplomatic representative of Iraq in
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who later worked in the Iraqi government, became troubled by his Shi'i Muslim sect. As such, they pinned accusations of sectarianism on him.
575:, along with Iraq's important strategic location in such conflict, many also pointed to the possibility that Nazi Germany and its dictator,
312:. Much of his childhood is unknown but Haidar attended and studied primary, middle and high school studies. He completed his studies in
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to Iraq as he referred to Kuwait in one of his speeches as an inseparable part of Basra due to Basra's limited access to the sea.
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284:. Seven years later, Haidar was subjected to a mysterious assassination and was buried next to King Faisal I at the
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879:
Report by His Britannic Majesty's Government to the Council of the League of Nations on the Administration of Iraq
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sectarianist in nature. Nevertheless, the killer was executed at dawn on Wednesday, March 27, 1940, by hanging in
554:. After the execution, it was reported that Nuri al-Said rushed to cover what Hussein said before his execution
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579:, were behind the assassination. The motive would've been to incite sectarian conflict to weaken the country.
486:. That same year however, King Faisal I and Rustam Haidar had to return to Europe during a treatment trip to
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four ministries headed by Nuri al-Said, and the other two of them during the period of former Prime Minister
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frankly attributes the assassination to Nazi Germany which started to intrigue in Iraq in the beginning of
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Salih Jabr wasn't the only person to believe that the Nazis had a hand in the assassination, diplomat
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January 18, 1940 The killing of Rustam Haidar... Between personal motive and political incitement.
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materializing many rumors and gossip about the true motives and reasons for the assassination.
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505:, Haidar helped deliver letters to King Ghazi that were received to him by the coup leaders.
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796:"الگاردينيا - مجلة ثقافية عامة - رستم حيدر ... والتداعيات السياسية والجنائية لحادث اغتياله"
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Even after the death of King Faisal I, Rustam remained the head of the Royal Court under
825:"الگاردينيا - مجلة ثقافية عامة - محمد رستم حيدر يوعز بحجز أموال الملك فيصل الأول !"
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918:"الگاردينيا - مجلة ثقافية عامة - قصة أول انقلاب عسكري في الوطن العربي والشرق الأوسط"
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the Kingdom of Iraq as head of the newly established royal court. Haidar lived in
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478:, in the summer of 1933. But the group had to return quickly to Iraq due to the
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Reforging a Forgotten History: Iraq and the Assyrians in the Twentieth Century
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Muhammad bin Rustam bin Ali Haider was born in 1889 in the Lebanese city of
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at the Shahani School and graduated in 1910. Then he traveled to
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Rustam Haidar... The Lebanese who was buried next to King Faisal
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from 1930 to 1932 and from 1938 to 1940. He also was an aide to
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hired Haidar in every ministry he had until his assassination.
667:"رستم حيدر في العراق..كيف تم اغتياله.. وكيف عثر على مذكراته؟"
894:"الگاردينيا - مجلة ثقافية عامة - حركة الاثوريين في العراق"
1039:
690:
688:
264:; 1889 – 22 January 1940) was an Iraqi politician of
969:"The Montreal Gazette - Google News Archive Search"
466:, accompanied King Faisal I when he was invited by
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695:Historical Dictionary of Iraq - Beth K. Dougherty
308:to a well-known family which originated from the
369:in a simple house with a rent of only 3 dinars.
852:Records of Kuwait, 1899-1961: Foreign affairs I
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124:September 30, 1930 – November 3, 1932
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730:"رستم حيدر في ثنايا التاريخ | AZZAMAN الزمان"
430:. On 20 April 1929, Haidar was dispatched to
60:December 25, 1938 – January 22, 1940
8:
947:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 42–.
414:, and one under former Iraqi Prime Minister
1009:The History of the Iraqi Ministries, Part 5
598:The History of the Iraqi Ministries, Part 5
462:Rustam Haidar, along with Nuri al-Said and
418:. Haidar also supported the integration of
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1052:
34:
18:
443:was the currency in circulation in Iraq.
405:, Faisal's servant, Captain Tahsin Kadry.
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482:which was carried out by al-Gaylani and
876:Office, Great Britain Colonial (1929).
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1090:Politicians assassinated in the 1940s
1034:This Iraqi biographical article is a
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567:background. Because of the rise of
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1038:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
941:Sargon Donabed (1 February 2015).
608:At the time, Minister of Defense,
490:, Switzerland. Haidar, along with
14:
1115:Iraqi people of Lebanese descent
1026:
389:. Left to right: Rustum Haidar,
185:
328:along with his two colleagues,
1100:Assassinated Iraqi politicians
644:British Mandate of Mesopotamia
399:Captain Pisani (behind Faisal)
387:Paris Peace Conference of 1919
16:Iraqi politician (1889 – 1940)
1:
1130:Shia–Sunni sectarian violence
571:at the time and the start of
525:Tomb of Rustam Haidar in the
827:. 2018-04-07. Archived from
732:. 2017-03-24. Archived from
673:(in Arabic). 3 November 2013
381:Emir Faisal's delegation at
600:” that he “understood from
541:The investigation judge of
352:. They were accompanied by
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1021:
1007:Al-Hasani, Abd al-Razzaq.
583:noted that Rustam Haidar:
324:and worked in and founded
296:Early education and career
1110:Finance ministers of Iraq
1105:Deaths by firearm in Iraq
360:, and then they left for
339:During the height of the
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53:
42:
33:
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558:Controversy and theories
596:mentioned in his book “
594:Abd al-Razzaq al-Hasani
356:, Dr. Ahmed Qadri, and
105:Mustafa Mahmud al-Umari
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503:1936 Iraqi coup d'état
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350:Paris Peace Conference
268:descent who served as
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412:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
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198:January 18, 1940 (51)
855:. Archive Editions.
535:Hussein Fawzi Tawfiq
527:Iraqi Royal Cemetery
286:Iraqi Royal Cemetery
207:Iraqi Royal Cemetery
145:Ali Jawdat al-Ayyubi
849:Rush, Alan (1989).
322:Sorbonne University
320:and studied at the
270:Minister of Finance
112:Minister of Finance
48:Minister of Finance
1135:Iraqi people stubs
1125:Iraqi Shia Muslims
922:www.algardenia.com
898:www.algardenia.com
800:www.algardenia.com
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448:Muhammad Ali Pasha
407:
1120:Iraqi politicians
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954:978-0-7486-8605-6
862:978-1-85207-200-1
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93:Ra'ouf al-Bahrani
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592:Iraqi historian
464:Yasin al-Hashimi
373:Political career
330:Awni Abd al-Hadi
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416:Jamil al-Midfai
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358:Fayez al-Fusain
310:Bani Asad tribe
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403:T. E. Lawrence
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509:Personal life
508:
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501:. During the
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468:King George V
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229:King Faisal I
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23:Rustam Haidar
20:
1040:expanding it
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976:. Retrieved
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963:
943:
936:
925:. Retrieved
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901:. Retrieved
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844:
833:. Retrieved
829:the original
803:. Retrieved
799:
738:. Retrieved
734:the original
675:. Retrieved
670:
627:World War II
620:
615:
607:
597:
591:
586:
577:Adolf Hitler
573:World War II
569:Nazi Germany
565:Sunni Muslim
561:
548:
540:
532:
512:
496:
492:Ali of Hejaz
461:
445:
441:Indian rupee
428:Pahlavi Iran
424:
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391:Nuri al-Said
354:Nuri al-Said
338:
299:
253:
252:
152:Succeeded by
134:Nuri al-Said
119:
100:Succeeded by
81:Nuri al-Said
55:
1095:1940 deaths
1085:1889 births
529:in Baghdad.
395:Emir Faisal
341:Arab Revolt
282:Switzerland
213:Nationality
140:Preceded by
88:Preceded by
1079:Categories
978:21 January
973:google.com
927:2023-09-28
903:2023-09-28
835:2023-09-27
805:2023-09-28
740:2023-09-27
650:References
602:Salih Jabr
499:King Ghazi
484:Bakr Sidqi
383:Versailles
304:under the
235:Politician
223:Occupation
677:6 January
581:Mir Basri
543:al-Rusafa
436:Reza Shah
334:Jerusalem
262:رستم حيدر
240:Economist
120:In office
56:In office
29:رستم حيدر
633:See also
367:al-Karkh
266:Lebanese
217:Lebanese
302:Baalbek
290:Baghdad
272:of the
231:'s aide
178:Baalbek
65:Monarch
951:
859:
671:almada
472:London
434:after
432:Tehran
420:Kuwait
362:London
345:levant
258:Arabic
452:Egypt
318:Paris
1036:stub
980:2016
949:ISBN
857:ISBN
679:2018
488:Bern
195:Died
175:1889
172:Born
470:to
450:of
288:in
1081::
988:^
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920:.
896:.
814:^
798:.
779:^
749:^
701:^
687:^
669:.
658:^
474:,
401:,
397:,
393:,
336:.
292:.
260::
180:,
1067:e
1060:t
1053:v
1042:.
1011:.
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957:.
930:.
906:.
882:.
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