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unit may have been a paleo-plateau that descended further South than the present-day Rupes Tenuis scarp. Geological formations in the vicinity of the scarp, such as mounds, are considered to have been formed by erosion mechanisms rather than volcanic activity. The horizontal attitude (inclination) of
67:
in 1988. It extends from latitude 74.94°N to 82.2°N and from longitude 242.12°E to 300.77°E (59.23°W – 117.88°W). Its centre is located at latitude 81.6°N longitude 85.47°W. It marks the outer perimeter of Planum Boreum from longitude 242.12°E to 300.77°E, and it is formed by the eastern extension of
366:
111:, located at 81.1ºN, 254.2ºE, with a 17 km diameter, is found close to the western boundary of the Rupes Tenuis scarp. West of Abalos Mensa, parallel to and south of the Rupes Tenuis scarp, runs a narrow, low-altitude plain, named Tenuis Mensa, which exhibits a southward slope.
151:
of the Rupes Tenuis scarp, the existence of conical mounds and promontories in the immediate vicinity of the scarp, and the creation of the narrow channels that separate Abalos Mensa from the scarp. This erosion process is theorised to have existed since the Late
354:
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168:— a group of five, flat or concave top, mounds, less than 700 m high and less than 1 km in diameter — are considered to be erosional remnants of a once-continuous stratigraphic unit, the Rupes Tenuis unit.
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the layers of the Rupes Tenuis unit, further indicates the non-volcanic origin of these formations, since layers of volcanic origin are not typically horizontal. Nearby formations such as
68:
the
Olympia Cavi, a series of local troughs and depressions, which become longer and deeper as they merge to create the Rupes Tenuis scarp formation. The scarp is located to the west of
444:
Kenneth L. Tanaka, J. Alexis P. Rodriguez, James A. Skinner Jr., Mary C. Bourke, Corey M. Fortezzo, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, Eric J. Kolb, Chris H. Okubo (28 February 2008).
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613:"ABALOS MENSA, PLANUM BOREUM, MARS: A CONSTRUCTIONAL, AEOLIAN HISTORY DERIVED FROM RADAR AND OPTICAL STRATIGRAPHY, REINFORCED BY ATMOSPHERIC MODELING"
156:
period on Mars, and it is considered to have contributed to the continuous retreat of the polar scarp from an older southern latitude as low as 74ºN.
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continues in a southwestward direction after it emerges from the western end of a narrow channel separating Rupes Tenuis from Abalos Mensa.
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Rupes Tenuis is the strip in the middle of the image. The polar cap is on the top side of the image with the lower elevation at the bottom.
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446:"North polar region of Mars: Advances in stratigraphy, structure, and erosional modification"
185:
The Rupes Tenuis scarp with Abalos Mensa at the top of the picture. Picture was taken by the
76:, and its height varies from a few hundred metres to a maximum of approximately 1000 metres.
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North Polar scarp in Abalos Undae with basal exposure and dunes and distance scale
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Perspective view of the
Martian polar ice cap and the scarp Rupes Tenuis with
1979:
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143:, "descent", i.e. strong winds descending from Planum Boreum), and solar
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92:
Immediately to the south of Rupes Tenuis, approximately at 285ºE, lies
147:. These mechanisms are also considered responsible for the modern-day
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1921:
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103:
Two named craters are located in the immediate area of Rupes Tenuis;
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83:
20:
240:
Exposed Rupes Tenuis of the southern margin of
Hyperborea Lingula
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360:
North Polar scarp in Abalos Undae with basal exposure and dunes
88:
USGS map showing the location of Rupes Tenuis in Planum Boreum
64:
507:
Kenneth L. Tanaka, James A. Skinner, Jr., and Trent M. Hare.
123:
Upper Rupes Tenuis unit exposed northwest of
Crotone crater
324:
Interaction between Abalos Mensa and Rupes Tenuis dunes
4200:
348:
Basal Rupes Tenuis unit exposed north of Abalos Mensa
276:
Contact between Rupes Tenuis scarp and buried polygon
264:
Basal Rupes Tenuis unit exposed north of Abalos Mensa
29:
on the left of the picture. Picture was taken by the
2617:
2406:
1920:
1780:
1548:
1277:
1222:
997:
809:
703:
620:43rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2012)
546:"Geologic Map of the North Polar Region of Mars"
131:in general, and Rupes Tenuis in particular, are
159:It is further theorised that the Rupes Tenuis
658:
509:"Geologic Map of the Northern Plains of Mars"
127:The proposed erosion mechanism for the polar
8:
632:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
606:
604:
524:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
489:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
572:
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216:Boola crater ejecta exposed on Rupes Tenuis
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544:Kenneth L. Tanaka and Corey M. Fortezzo.
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382:
175:
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611:T. C. Brothers, J. W. Holt, A. Spiga.
517:
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408:
406:
404:
63:. Its name was officially approved by
7:
418:Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature
14:
1485:Martian meteorites found on Earth
61:classical albedo features on Mars
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341:
329:
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305:
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59:. It is named after one of the
1:
585:Geological Society of London
470:10.1016/j.icarus.2008.01.021
4254:
904:Mare Australe (South Pole)
2967:Eagle (Acidalia Planitia)
1544:
1533:
1267:Classical albedo features
993:
980:
699:
688:
577:Matthew R. Balme (2011).
16:Martian north polar scarp
2972:Eagle (Meridiani Planum)
1446:Meteorites found on Mars
909:Mare Boreum (North Pole)
288:Rupes Tenuis Promontory
115:Erosion characteristics
4238:Mare Boreum quadrangle
1034:Concentric crater fill
172:Images by NASA and ESA
124:
89:
48:
37:
1177:Swiss cheese features
580:Martian Geomorphology
191:European Space Agency
122:
87:
35:European Space Agency
24:
2604:Angustus Labyrinthus
1207:discovery chronology
1152:Scalloped topography
1106:Lineated valley fill
2559:Deuteronilus Mensae
1887:Syrtis Major Planum
1703:Syrtis Major Planum
1252:Observation history
1112:Lobate debris apron
462:2008Icar..196..318T
149:erosion and retreat
3985:Teisserenc de Bort
2609:Noctis Labyrinthus
2589:Nilokeras Scopulus
919:Margaritifer Sinus
336:Rupes Tenuis scarp
204:Rupes Tenuis scarp
125:
90:
38:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4190:
4189:
2637:Tithoniae Catenae
2574:Protonilus Mensae
2569:Nilosyrtis Mensae
2459:Hephaestus Fossae
1832:Eridania Planitia
1802:Amazonis Planitia
1792:Acidalia Planitia
1529:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1490:Balsaltic Breccia
1192:Upper plains unit
1182:Terrain softening
1142:Ring mold craters
1117:North Polar Basin
1039:Dark slope streak
976:
975:
972:
971:
801:Vastitas Borealis
741:Hyperboreae Undae
594:978-1-86239-330-1
72:, at the base of
4245:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4206:
2524:Tithonium Fossae
2434:Ceraunius Fossae
2050:Tithonium Chasma
1862:Meridiani Planum
1827:Elysium Planitia
1807:Arcadia Planitia
1765:Ceraunius Tholus
1586:Apollinaris Mons
1546:
1535:
1466:Meridiani Planum
1132:Outflow channels
1122:Ocean hypothesis
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80:Local topography
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2514:Tantalus Fossae
2499:Olympica Fossae
2489:Memnonia Fossae
2479:Mareotis Fossae
2469:Labeatis Fossae
2439:Cerberus Fossae
2429:Amenthes Fossae
2415:
2402:
2035:Juventae Chasma
2015:Hydraotes Chaos
1970:Coprates Chasma
1925:
1916:
1892:Utopia Planitia
1872:Planum Australe
1852:Isidis Planitia
1842:Hesperia Planum
1837:Hellas Planitia
1822:Daedalia Planum
1817:Chryse Planitia
1812:Argyre Planitia
1783:
1776:
1713:Tartarus Montes
1708:Tartarus Colles
1688:Nereidum Montes
1621:Charitum Montes
1616:Centauri Montes
1591:Ariadnes Colles
1571:Acidalia Colles
1564:
1557:
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1461:Mackinac Island
1280:
1273:
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1197:Valley networks
1091:Inverted relief
1066:Fretted terrain
1000:
989:
968:
944:Phoenicis Lacus
805:
771:Sinus Meridiani
756:Planum Australe
695:
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587:. p. 257.
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189:orbiter of the
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133:katabatic winds
117:
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33:orbiter of the
17:
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4233:Cliffs on Mars
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3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3315:Jarry-Desloges
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3166:Columbia Hills
3163:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3144:Apollo 1 Hills
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3005:
3004:
3002:Matijevic Hill
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2642:Tractus Catena
2639:
2634:
2632:Artynia Catena
2628:
2626:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2584:Claritas Rupes
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2554:Cydonia Mensae
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2534:Ulysses Fossae
2531:
2529:Tractus Fossae
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2509:Sirenum Fossae
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2484:Medusae Fossae
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2454:Elysium Fossae
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2425:
2423:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2057:List of valles
2053:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2010:Hydaspis Chaos
2007:
2002:
2000:Gorgonum Chaos
1997:
1992:
1990:Galaxias Chaos
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1965:Chasma Boreale
1962:
1957:
1952:
1950:Atlantis Chaos
1947:
1945:Aromatum Chaos
1942:
1940:Arsia Chasmata
1937:
1931:
1929:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1912:Pityusa Patera
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1788:
1786:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1770:Uranius Tholus
1767:
1762:
1752:
1750:Ulysses Tholus
1747:
1745:Tyrrhenus Mons
1742:
1740:Tharsis Tholus
1737:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1718:Tharsis Montes
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1698:Phlegra Montes
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1663:Hadriacus Mons
1660:
1655:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1646:Hecates Tholus
1643:
1638:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1606:Avernus Colles
1603:
1601:Ausonia Montes
1598:
1596:Astapus Colles
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1561:list by height
1558:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1476:Shelter Island
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1317:Jake Matijevic
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1297:Bathurst Inlet
1285:
1283:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1228:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1157:Seasonal flows
1154:
1149:
1147:Rootless cones
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1003:
991:
990:
985:
978:
977:
974:
973:
970:
969:
967:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
914:Mare Tyrrhenum
911:
906:
901:
899:Mare Acidalium
896:
891:
889:Ismenius Lacus
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
815:
813:
807:
806:
804:
803:
798:
793:
788:
786:Terra Cimmeria
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
716:Aspledon Undae
713:
707:
705:
697:
696:
693:
686:
685:
672:
670:
669:
662:
655:
647:
640:
639:
600:
593:
554:
531:
496:
456:(2): 318–358.
427:
414:"Rupes Tenuis"
400:
391:"Tenuis Rupes"
381:
379:
376:
375:
374:
371:
364:
362:
359:
352:
350:
347:
340:
338:
335:
328:
326:
323:
316:
314:
311:
304:
302:
299:
292:
290:
287:
280:
278:
275:
268:
266:
263:
256:
254:
251:
244:
242:
239:
232:
230:
227:
220:
218:
215:
208:
206:
203:
196:
194:
184:
177:
173:
170:
116:
113:
81:
78:
70:Chasma Boreale
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4250:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4218:
4208:
4204:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3184:
3183:Sleepy Hollow
3181:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2594:Olympus Rupes
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2544:Ausonia Mensa
2542:
2540:
2539:Aeolis Mensae
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2474:Mangala Fossa
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2464:Icaria Fossae
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1995:Ganges Chasma
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1960:Candor Chasma
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1907:Peneus Patera
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1877:Planum Boreum
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1847:Icaria Planum
1845:
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1755:Uranius group
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1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1668:Hellas Montes
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1658:Galaxius Mons
1656:
1654:
1653:Erebus Montes
1651:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1632:
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1611:Biblis Tholus
1609:
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1477:
1474:
1472:
1471:Oileán Ruaidh
1469:
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1403:
1400:
1398:
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1387:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1377:Barnacle Bill
1375:
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1367:
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1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1127:Ore resources
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
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1110:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
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1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1019:Chaos terrain
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1009:Brain terrain
1007:
1006:
1004:
1002:
996:
992:
988:
983:
979:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
949:Sinus Sabaeus
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
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890:
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867:
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837:
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832:
830:
827:
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822:
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814:
812:
808:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
761:Planum Boreum
759:
757:
754:
752:
751:Olympia Undae
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
736:Eridania Lake
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
708:
706:
702:
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510:
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296:
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231:
224:
219:
212:
207:
200:
195:
192:
188:
181:
176:
171:
169:
167:
166:Abalos Colles
162:
161:stratigraphic
157:
155:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
121:
114:
112:
110:
106:
101:
99:
95:
86:
79:
77:
75:
74:Planum Boreum
71:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
36:
32:
28:
23:
19:
4217:Solar System
3880:Schiaparelli
3825:Robert Sharp
3665:Orson Welles
2962:Du Martheray
2852:Chryse Alien
2847:Chincoteague
2687:Arkhangelsky
2599:Rupes Tenuis
2598:
2564:Ganges Mensa
2519:Tempe Fossae
2449:Cyane Fossae
2444:Coloe Fossae
2122:Green Valley
2045:Ophir Chasma
2040:Melas Chasma
2005:Hebes Chasma
1975:Echus Chasma
1955:Aureum Chaos
1902:Orcus Patera
1882:Syria Planum
1857:Lunae Planum
1797:Aeolis Palus
1760:Uranius Mons
1693:Olympus Mons
1678:Libya Montes
1673:Jovis Tholus
1641:Albor Tholus
1636:Elysium Mons
1626:Echus Montes
1581:Anseris Mons
1505:Shergottites
1495:Chassignites
1451:Block Island
1389:
1369:
1344:
1289:
954:Syrtis Major
791:Terra Sabaea
746:Ogygis Undae
721:Arabia Terra
711:Abalos Undae
619:
579:
485:cite journal
473:. Retrieved
453:
449:
417:
385:
312:Rupes Tenuis
300:Rupes Tenuis
252:Rupes Tenuis
187:Mars Express
158:
126:
102:
98:Abalos Undae
94:Abalos Mensa
91:
55:north polar
41:Rupes Tenuis
40:
39:
31:Mars Express
27:Abalos Mensa
18:
4097:Vinogradsky
4055:Tycho Brahe
4005:Tikhonravov
3940:Spallanzani
3870:Santa Maria
3830:Roddenberry
3049:Flaugergues
2579:Sacra Mensa
2549:Capri Mensa
2494:Nili Fossae
2025:Ister Chaos
1897:Eden Patera
1867:Oxia Planum
1683:Mount Sharp
1456:Heat Shield
1412:Pot of Gold
1362:Last Chance
1345:Opportunity
1247:Volcanology
1081:Groundwater
1059:Nili Patera
1049:Dune fields
1029:Composition
939:Phaethontis
894:Lunae Palus
811:Quadrangles
781:Tempe Terra
776:Siton Undae
766:Quadrangles
694:Cartography
4227:Categories
4162:Wislicenus
4117:Von Kármán
4092:Vinogradov
4085:Cape Verde
3920:Sklodowska
3875:Schaeberle
3855:Rutherford
3815:Richardson
3760:Ptolemaeus
3695:Perepelkin
3610:Montevallo
3605:Molesworth
3575:Milankovic
3550:McLaughlin
3500:Magelhaens
3425:Le Verrier
3250:Hipparchus
3044:Flammarion
2977:Eberswalde
2872:Copernicus
2787:Bonneville
2767:Boeddicker
2727:Barabashov
2504:Oti Fossae
2421:labyrinthi
2334:Shalbatana
2137:Her Desher
2030:Ius Chasma
2020:Iani Chaos
1985:Eos Chasma
1935:Aram Chaos
1539:Topography
1402:Home Plate
1397:Adirondack
1357:El Capitan
1332:Rocknest 3
1302:Coronation
1137:Polar caps
1101:Lava tubes
1014:Carbonates
934:Oxia Palus
378:References
129:basal unit
49:thin cliff
4030:Trouvelot
3770:Quenisset
3750:Priestley
3720:Pickering
3690:Penticton
3680:Pangboche
3645:Nicholson
3580:Millochau
3470:Lomonosov
3300:Ibragimov
3235:Helmholtz
3220:Heaviside
3210:Hargraves
3134:Grindavik
3019:Escalante
3009:Endurance
2997:Endeavour
2992:Emma Dean
2987:Ejriksson
2912:Danielson
2892:Crommelin
2802:Burroughs
2782:Bonestell
2762:Bianchini
2742:Becquerel
2707:Bakhuysen
2692:Arrhenius
2672:Antoniadi
2329:Scamander
2227:Marineris
2147:Huo Hsing
2127:Harmakhis
2082:Athabasca
1980:Eos Chaos
1576:Alba Mons
1555:volcanoes
1550:Mountains
1500:Nakhlites
1370:Sojourner
1290:Curiosity
1237:Hesperian
1232:Amazonian
1167:Spherules
1044:Dichotomy
964:Thaumasia
674:Geography
475:25 August
154:Amazonian
141:katabasis
4147:Williams
4137:Weinbaum
4107:Vishniac
4080:Victoria
4045:Trumpler
4020:Tombaugh
4015:Timbuktu
3900:Sharonov
3895:Semeykin
3810:Reynolds
3800:Renaudot
3790:Rayleigh
3725:Playfair
3715:Phillips
3700:Peridier
3670:Oudemans
3590:Miyamoto
3540:Masursky
3450:Llanesco
3445:Liu Hsin
3410:Lampland
3395:Kunowsky
3245:Herschel
3230:Heinlein
3114:Gledhill
3079:Galdakao
3064:Fournier
3034:Fesenkov
2952:Douglass
2947:Dinorwic
2907:Da Vinci
2867:Columbus
2862:Coblentz
2812:Campbell
2792:Brashear
2289:Patapsco
2117:Granicus
1784:plateaus
1723:Ascraeus
1437:Monolith
1327:Rocknest
1307:Goulburn
1281:observed
1242:Noachian
1214:Yardangs
1076:Glaciers
1001:features
924:Memnonia
874:Eridania
859:Coprates
854:Cebrenia
829:Amenthes
824:Amazonis
726:Cerberus
628:cite web
520:cite web
145:ablation
4152:Winslow
4132:Wegener
4127:Wallace
4060:Tyndall
4050:Tugaske
4025:Tooting
3925:Slipher
3885:Schmidt
3850:Russell
3820:Ritchey
3755:Proctor
3730:Pollack
3685:Pasteur
3655:Nipigon
3650:Niesten
3585:Mitchel
3560:Mellish
3555:McMurdo
3545:Maunder
3525:Mariner
3520:Maraldi
3515:Mandora
3505:Maggini
3455:Lockyer
3415:Lassell
3400:Lambert
3380:Korolev
3360:Kinkora
3310:Janssen
3290:Huygens
3270:Huggins
3225:Heimdal
3215:Hartwig
3195:Haldane
3171:Husband
3154:Grissom
3149:Chaffee
3104:Gilbert
3074:Freedom
3059:Fontana
3039:Firsoff
3024:Eudoxus
2957:Dromore
2937:Denning
2887:Crivitz
2842:Chapais
2832:Cerulli
2822:Cassini
2797:Briault
2757:Bernard
2732:Barnard
2722:Bamberg
2717:Baltisk
2702:Bacolor
2677:Arandas
2652:Agassiz
2624:craters
2619:Catenae
2396:Warrego
2319:Sabrina
2259:Naktong
2222:Mangala
2202:Maʼadim
2152:Hypanis
2107:Enipeus
2097:Buvinda
2087:Auqakuh
1927:valleys
1922:Canyons
1782:Plains,
1728:Pavonis
1631:Elysium
1422:Big Joe
1418:Viking
1337:Tintina
1224:History
1172:Surface
1086:Gullies
1071:Geysers
999:Surface
987:Geology
959:Tharsis
929:Noachis
884:Iapygia
869:Elysium
864:Diacria
839:Arcadia
796:Tharsis
731:Cydonia
704:Regions
678:geology
551:. USGS.
514:. USGS.
458:Bibcode
105:Crotone
53:Martian
51:) is a
4203:Portal
4167:Wright
4122:Vostok
4102:Virrat
4070:Vernal
4010:Tikhov
3980:Taytay
3975:Tarsus
3960:Stoney
3955:Stokes
3945:Srīpur
3910:Sinton
3890:Secchi
3865:Saheki
3845:Rudaux
3840:Rossby
3740:Porter
3710:Pettit
3705:Persbo
3675:Palana
3635:Newton
3630:Nereus
3625:Nansen
3620:Müller
3615:Moreux
3600:Mojave
3595:Mohawk
3565:Mendel
3495:Mädler
3480:Lowell
3430:Li Fan
3405:Lamont
3390:Kuiper
3370:Knobel
3365:Kipini
3355:Kepler
3350:Keeler
3345:Kaiser
3325:Jezero
3305:Inuvik
3285:Huxley
3280:Hutton
3275:Hussey
3260:Holmes
3255:Holden
3205:Halley
3190:Hadley
3176:McCool
3029:Fenagh
3014:Erebus
2932:Dejnev
2922:Davies
2917:Darwin
2827:Caxias
2807:Burton
2737:Beagle
2712:Baldet
2697:Asimov
2662:Airy-0
2412:mensae
2408:Fossae
2359:Tinjar
2324:Samara
2299:Rahway
2284:Paraná
2274:Nirgal
2264:Nanedi
2249:Mawrth
2244:Maumee
2217:Mamers
2197:Louros
2157:Iberus
2132:Hebrus
2112:Frento
2092:Bahram
2077:Asopus
1428:Other
1390:Spirit
1352:Bounce
1312:Hottah
1257:Canals
1187:Tholus
879:Hellas
849:Casius
844:Argyre
834:Arabia
819:Aeolis
591:
450:Icarus
135:(From
4182:Zunil
4177:Zumba
4157:Wirtz
4142:Wells
4112:Vogel
4065:Udzha
4000:Thira
3995:Thila
3990:Terby
3970:Suzhi
3965:Suess
3950:Steno
3935:South
3930:Smith
3915:Sitka
3860:Sagan
3805:Reuyl
3780:Radau
3765:Puńsk
3745:Porth
3735:Poona
3640:Nhill
3535:Martz
3530:Marth
3485:Lyell
3475:Louth
3465:Lohse
3440:Lipik
3435:Liais
3385:Kufra
3340:Jones
3330:Jezža
3320:Jeans
3265:Hooke
3240:Henry
3159:White
3139:Gusev
3129:Green
3124:Graff
3094:Garni
3089:Galle
3054:Focas
2982:Eddie
2942:Dilly
2927:Dawes
2902:Curie
2897:Cruls
2882:Crewe
2877:Corby
2857:Clark
2837:Chafe
2817:Canso
2667:Aniak
2647:Adams
2417:rupes
2391:Verde
2386:Vedra
2374:Uzboi
2369:Tyras
2354:Tinia
2349:Tader
2344:Stura
2339:Simud
2314:Sabis
2309:Reull
2294:Peace
2279:Padus
2269:Niger
2254:Minio
2239:Marte
2232:Labes
2192:Licus
2187:Lethe
2182:Ladon
2177:Labou
2172:Kasei
2167:Ituxi
2162:Indus
2072:Arnus
2062:Apsus
1733:Arsia
1510:Other
1392:rover
1372:rover
1347:rover
1292:rover
1279:Rocks
1202:Water
1108:(LVF)
1096:Lakes
1054:Hagal
1024:Color
616:(PDF)
549:(PDF)
512:(PDF)
137:Greek
109:Boola
57:scarp
45:Latin
4172:Yuty
4075:Very
4040:Trud
4035:Troy
3905:Sibu
3835:Ross
3795:Redi
3785:Rahe
3775:Rabe
3660:Onon
3510:Main
3490:Lyot
3375:Koga
3335:Joly
3295:Iazu
3200:Hale
3119:Gold
3109:Gill
3099:Gasa
3084:Gale
3069:Fram
2777:Bond
2752:Belz
2747:Beer
2682:Argo
2657:Airy
2304:Ravi
2212:Maja
2142:Hrad
2067:Ares
1515:List
1432:Face
1407:Mimi
1382:Yogi
1322:Link
1261:list
1162:Soil
682:Mars
676:and
634:link
589:ISBN
526:link
491:link
477:2017
422:USGS
395:NASA
3570:Mie
3460:Lod
3420:Lau
2772:Bok
2379:ULM
2364:Tiu
2207:Mad
2102:Dao
680:of
466:doi
454:196
65:IAU
4229::
2419:,
2410:,
630:}}
626:{{
618:.
603:^
583:.
557:^
534:^
522:}}
518:{{
499:^
487:}}
483:{{
464:.
452:.
448:.
430:^
420:.
416:.
403:^
393:.
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4205::
2621:,
2414:,
1924:,
1563:)
1559:(
1552:,
1263:)
1259:(
666:e
659:t
652:v
636:)
622:.
597:.
528:)
493:)
479:.
468::
460::
424:.
397:.
43:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
