42:
669:, when only three plays were performed), though it is unknown whether they were performed continuously on one day, or over the course of the five-day festival. Until 449 BC, only dramatic works were awarded prizes in the agon, but after that time, actors also became eligible for recognition. It was considered a great honour to win the comedic prize at the City Dionysia, despite the belief that comedies were of secondary importance. The
713:
684:. His plays, along with other fifth-century BC writers, were often re-staged during this period. At least one revival was presented each year at City Dionysia. It has been suggested that audiences may have preferred to see well-known plays re-staged, rather than financially support new plays of questionable quality; or alternately, that revivals represented a
692:. Nevertheless, plays continued to be written and performed until the 2nd century BC, when new works of both comedy and tragedy seem to have been eliminated. After that point drama continued to be produced, but prizes were awarded to wealthy producers and famous actors rather than the long-dead playwrights whose work was being performed.
387:
Because the various towns in Attica held their festivals on different days, it was possible for spectators to visit more than one festival per season. It was also an opportunity for
Athenian citizens to travel outside the city if they did not have the opportunity to do so during the rest of the year.
1246:
Classics
Department, stages a competition every April wherein groups of high school students produce unique adaptations of the same play. The competition aims to engage the themes and style of the ancient plays with renewed vigor and an accessible, thought provoking frame. Several notable schools
625:
During the fifth century BC, five days of the festival were set aside for performance, though scholars disagree exactly what was presented each day. At least three full days were devoted to tragic plays, and each of three playwrights presented his set of three tragedies and one
434:(the lunar month straddling the vernal equinox, i.e., Mar.-Apr in the solar calendar), three months after the rural Dionysia, probably to celebrate the end of winter and the harvesting of the year's crops. According to tradition, the festival was established after
1226:
Center for
Creative works produces and performs an adaptation each spring. The purpose of the enterprise is to educate and entertain, and adaptations occasionally go beyond Greek theater for inspiration (for example, the 2013 Spring adaptation of the
524:
in the mid-5th century BC, various gifts and weapons showcasing Athens' strength were carried as well. Also included in the procession were bulls to be sacrificed in the theatre. The most conspicuous members of the procession were the
1273:
Educational charity The Iris
Project holds a Dionysia Festival every year with Year Eight students from Cheney School, who adapt and modernise Aristophanes plays. The festival is usually hosted at Corpus Christi College, Oxford.
376:. Some festivals may have included dramatic performances, possibly of the tragedies and comedies that had been produced at the City Dionysia the previous year. This was more common in the larger towns, such as
442:, had chosen to become part of Attica. The Eleuthereans brought a statue of Dionysus to Athens, which was initially rejected by the Athenians. Dionysus then punished the Athenians with a
695:
Another procession and celebration was held on the final day, when the judges chose the winners of the tragedy and comedy performances. The winning playwrights were awarded a wreath of
549:) offered their musical and lyrical services. After these competitions, the bulls were sacrificed, and a feast was held for all the citizens of Athens. A second procession, the
676:
Impressive tragic output continued without pause through the first three quarters of the fourth century BC, and some scholars consider this time a continuation of the
1584:
1665:
311:. It was probably a very ancient festival, perhaps not originally associated with Dionysus. This "rural Dionysia" was held during the winter, in the month of
809:
Most of our knowledge of the winners of the City
Dionysia and the Lenaea festival comes from a series of damaged inscriptions referred to as the Fasti (
513:, made of wood or bronze, aloft on poles, and a cart pulled a much larger phallus. Basket-carriers and water and wine-carriers participated in the
610:
was purified by the sacrifice of a bull. According to tradition, the first performance of tragedy at the
Dionysia was by the playwright and actor
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was also used to give praise to notable citizens, or often foreigners, who had served Athens in some beneficial way during the year. During the
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1494:
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festival, held earlier in the year, featured comedy more prominently and officially recognized comic performances with prizes in 442 BC.
450:, which was cured when the Athenians accepted the cult of Dionysus. This was recalled each year by a procession of citizens carrying
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586:, orphaned children of those who had been killed in battle were also paraded in the Odeon, possibly to honour their fathers. The
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622:, a common symbol for Dionysus, and this "prize" possibly suggests the origin of the word "tragedy" (which means "goat-song").
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680:. Though much of the work of this period is either lost or forgotten, it is considered to owe a great debt to the playwright
88:
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529:(χορηγοί, "sponsors", literally: "chorus leaders"), who were dressed in the most expensive and ornate clothing. After the
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The next day, the playwrights announced the titles of the plays to be performed, and judges were selected by lot: the "
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This also allowed travelling companies of actors to perform in more than one town during the period of the festival.
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and eligible for their own prizes. Each of five comic writers presented a single play (except during the
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competitions. These were extremely competitive, and the best flute players and celebrity poets (such as
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467:, to whom religious festivals were given when the office of archon was created in the 7th century BC.
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The urban festival was a relatively recent invention. This ceremony fell under the auspices of the
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The
Athenian Acropolis: History, Mythology, and Archaeology From the Neolithic Era to the Present
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in the 6th century BC . This festival was held probably from the 10th to the 16th of the month
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Inscriptional records for the dramatic festivals in Athens: IG II2 2318-2325 and related texts
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Inscriptional records for the dramatic festivals in Athens: IG II2 2318-2325 and related texts
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489:(ἐπιμεληταί, "curators") to help organize the festival. On the first day of the festival, the
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The festival has inspired people through the present day, as a celebration of humanity (see
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101:
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61:
31:
273:, which took place in different parts of the year. They were also an essential part of the
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could be used for other announcements as well; in 406 BC the death of the playwright
521:
46:
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The archon prepared for the City
Dionysia as soon as he was elected, by choosing his two
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431:
397:
315:(the month straddling the winter solstice, i.e., Dec.-Jan.). The central event was the
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234:
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and the productions themselves are quite popular, selling out on all ticketed venues.
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which ties together the civilizing and humane force of plays in the ancient world
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on the successive days. Most of the extant Greek tragedies, including those of
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contests until 487/6 BC, when comic poets were officially admitted to the
30:
This article is about the ancient Greek festival. For the flowering plant, see
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627:
435:
335:
290:
17:
1625:
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originally took place, but after the mid-5th century BC, it was held in the
538:
502:
447:
373:
556:
509:(εἰσαγωγή, "introduction"). As with the Rural Dionysia, they also carried
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procession was completed, there were contests of dancing and singing, and
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994:
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246:
53:
1255:. Adaptations are cut to twenty minutes, and source plays have included
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988:
737: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
611:
510:
505:, carrying the wooden statue of Dionysus Eleuthereus, the "leading" or
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439:
423:
381:
377:
321:
254:
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958:, son of Aeschylus; Sophocles took 2nd place; Euripides took 3rd with
422:) was the urban part of the festival, possibly established during the
1314:
670:
546:
294:
242:
84:
57:
49:
1558:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 307–330.
1857:"Rites of Passage in Ancient Greece: Literature, Religion, Society"
1733:
and Froma I. Zeitlin. Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1990.
1523:
1228:
551:
494:
286:
65:
1727:
Nothing to Do with
Dionysos? Athenian Drama in Its Social Context
1591:. Center for Creative Work, University of Houston. Archived from
1510:
Goldhill, Simon (1987). "The Great Dionysia and Civic Ideology".
1262:
662:
619:
308:
265:. The Dionysia actually consisted of two related festivals, the
706:
696:
555:(κῶμος), occurred afterwards, which was most likely a drunken
1647:
1725:
Simon Goldhill, "The Great Dionysia and Civic Ideology", in
497:, and representatives from Athenian colonies marched to the
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for the glory of Athens from before the devastation of the
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The other two days of the festival were likely devoted to
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celebrate Dionysia as a holiday and use a version of the
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125:
485:(πάρεδροι, "reeves", literally: "by the chair") and ten
1345:(new ed.). Harlow, England: Longman. p. 222.
261:. It was the second-most important festival after the
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1409:
1407:
979:, nephew of Aeschylus; Sophocles took 2nd place with
216:
198:
169:
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128:
122:
104:
1794:
Millis, Benjamin Willard; Olson, S. Douglas (2012).
1452:
Millis, Benjamin Willard; Olson, S. Douglas (2012).
566:" (προαγών, "pre-contest"). It is unknown where the
493:("pomp", "procession") was held, in which citizens,
201:
154:
107:
1842:
The List of the Victors in Comedies at the Dionysia
1746:, "Procession and Celebration at the Dionysia", in
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166:
119:
1780:The Sacred and Civil Calendar of the Athenian Year
946:438 BC - Sophocles; Euripides took 2nd place with
343:(ὀβελιαφόροι – who carried long loaves of bread),
1754:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993.
1612:
1610:
1816:. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1953 (2nd ed. 1968).
1768:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
1578:
1576:
618:") in 534 BC. His award was reportedly a
351:(ὑδριαφόροι – who carried jars of water), and
8:
1666:"Dionysia 2021: Aristophanes Under Lockdown"
1420:. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. pp. 18–25.
1387:. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. pp. 18–26.
347:(σκαφηφόροι – who carried other offerings),
339:(κανηφόροι – young girls carrying baskets),
34:. For the ancient Roman dancer-actress, see
416:Dionysia ta en Astei – Διονύσια τὰ ἐν Ἄστει
307:), probably celebrating the cultivation of
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207:
181:
160:
134:
113:
1748:Theater and Society in the Classical World
1261:by Euripides and the entire collection of
438:, a town on the border between Attica and
1830:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
1372:. New York: Harper & Row. p. 87.
797:Learn how and when to remove this message
1624:. New York Classics Club. Archived from
1222:take) and an exposition of culture. The
395:parodied the Rural Dionysia in his play
355:(ἀσκοφόροι – who carried jars of wine).
329:(φαλλοφόροι). Also participating in the
40:
1331:
420:Dionysia ta Megala – Διονύσια τὰ Μεγάλα
249:, the central events of which were the
27:Festivals of Dionysus in ancient Athens
1247:from the area participate, including
1242:The New York Classical Club, through
1235:). Collaborators flock from all over
7:
1142:); Aristophanes took 2nd place with
735:adding citations to reliable sources
418:, also known as the Great Dionysia,
1855:Padilla, Mark William, ed. (1999).
1798:. Leiden Boston: Brill. p. 1.
1481:Masterpieces of Classic Greek Drama
1456:. Leiden Boston: Brill. p. 1.
821:II 2319-24) and the Victors Lists (
1434:(Sesta edizione: Roma-Bari 2004).
703:Known winners of the City Dionysia
319:(πομπή), the procession, in which
25:
1556:The Cambridge Companion to Horace
1369:Dictionary of Classical Mythology
1162:Aristophanes took 2nd place with
1814:The Dramatic Festivals of Athens
1342:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
711:
517:here, as in the Rural Dionysia.
194:
147:
100:
1056:(? = exact year not preserved)
833:(? = exact year not preserved)
722:needs additional citations for
1812:Sir Arthur Pickard-Cambridge.
1782:, Princeton University Press.
1668:. 12 June 2021. Archived from
1430:Mastromarco, Giuseppe: (1994)
1416:Brockett, Oscar Gross (1968).
1383:Brockett, Oscar Gross (1968).
654:) watched from the front row.
285:The Dionysia was originally a
89:Archaeological Museum of Delos
1:
1840:Carl A. P. Ruck. IG II 2323:
614:(from whom we take the word "
501:on the southern slope of the
1828:Athenian religion: A History
1906:Festivals in ancient Athens
1901:Greek festivals of Dionysus
1844:. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1967.
1512:Journal of Hellenic Studies
925:); Sophocles took 2nd place
1927:
1554:Harrison, Stephen (2007).
537:led their choruses in the
29:
1778:Mikalson, Jon D. (1975),
1648:"The Iris Project - Home"
1432:Introduzione a Aristofane
1366:Zimmerman, J. E. (1964).
520:During the height of the
325:(φαλλοί) were carried by
299:
253:performances of dramatic
1339:Wells, John C. (2000) .
1178:410 BC – Plato the Comic
652:agonothetai – ἀγωνοθἐται
642:, were performed at the
237:: Διονύσια) was a large
60:riding on a tiger, from
1477:Smith, Helaine (2005).
1224:University of Houston's
1117:426 BC - Aristophanes (
305:Dionysia ta kat' agrous
300:Διονύσια τὰ κατ' ἀγρούς
257:and, from 487 BC,
87:, late 2nd century BC,
36:Dionysia (stage artist)
1418:History of the Theatre
1385:History of the Theatre
91:
1896:Ancient Greek theatre
1485:. Greenwood. p.
598:Dramatic performances
594:was announced there.
559:through the streets.
391:The comic playwright
62:the House of Dionysos
44:
1911:December observances
1277:Modern followers of
1244:Fordham University's
1172:took 3rd place with
1109:took 2nd place with
1029:401 BC - Sophocles (
1008:405 BC – Euripides (
999:409 BC – Sophocles (
966:428 BC – Euripides (
937:) (year approximate)
931:447 BC – Sophocles (
928:449 BC – Herakleides
919:458 BC – Aeschylus (
907:463 BC – Aeschylus (
894:Seven Against Thebes
891:467 BC – Aeschylus (
860:472 BC – Aeschylus (
731:improve this article
245:in honor of the god
1869:Bucknell University
1764:Jeffrey M. Hurwit.
1124:423 BC – Cratinus (
1023:Alcmaeon in Corinth
644:Theatre of Dionysus
608:Theatre of Dionysus
499:Theatre of Dionysus
446:affecting the male
414:The City Dionysia (
275:Dionysian Mysteries
70:was once controlled
1744:Susan Guettel Cole
1652:irisproject.org.uk
1628:on 9 December 2013
1617:McGowan, Matthew.
1295:Athenian festivals
1210:Modern adaptations
1131:422 BC – Cantharus
1105:427 BC - Unknown;
1072:458 BC – Euphonius
1035:(posthumous award)
1032:Oedipus at Colonus
1017:Iphigenia in Aulis
875:4?? BC - Nothippus
463:, rather than the
92:
52:depicting the god
1805:978-90-04-23201-3
1496:978-0-313-33268-5
1463:978-90-04-23201-3
1352:978-0-582-36467-7
1285:to calculate it.
1205:154 BC – Chairion
1202:183 BC – Philemon
916:460 BC - Aristias
807:
806:
799:
781:
690:Peloponnesian War
667:Peloponnesian War
584:Peloponnesian War
572:Odeon of Pericles
461:Archons of Athens
47:Hellenistic Greek
16:(Redirected from
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1119:The Babylonians
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1672:on 9 July 2021
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1283:Attic calendar
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1112:The Banqueters
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813:II 2318), the
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398:The Acharnians
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281:Rural Dionysia
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1760:0-472-10281-8
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748: –
747:
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742:Find sources:
736:
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725:
720:This section
718:
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1699:. Retrieved
1695:
1686:
1674:. Retrieved
1670:the original
1660:
1651:
1642:
1630:. Retrieved
1626:the original
1621:
1597:. Retrieved
1593:the original
1588:
1555:
1549:
1518:(1): 58–76.
1515:
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1183:Cephisodoros
1173:
1164:
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1156:The Revelers
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1107:Aristophanes
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922:The Oresteia
920:
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871:Polyphrasmon
863:The Persians
861:
832:
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741:
729:Please help
724:verification
721:
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432:Elaphebolion
428:Peisistratus
419:
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393:Aristophanes
390:
386:
367:
359:
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352:
349:hydriaphoroi
348:
345:skaphephoroi
344:
341:obeliaphoroi
340:
334:
330:
327:phallophoroi
326:
320:
316:
304:
289:festival in
284:
270:
266:
95:
93:
78:South Aegean
56:as a winged
1752:Ruth Scodel
1320:Panathenaia
1305:Bacchanalia
1300:Anthesteria
1258:The Bacchae
1220:Aristotle's
1216:Nietzsche's
1189:Poseidippus
1095:Pherecrates
1011:The Bacchae
1002:Philoctetes
982:Oedipus Rex
885:Triptolemus
825:II 2325).
815:Didascaliae
787:August 2023
659:dithyrambic
539:dithyrambic
263:Panathenaia
241:in ancient
1890:Categories
1788:0691035458
1701:2021-09-27
1692:"Calendar"
1397:Mikalson,
1310:Ganachakra
1249:Stuyvesant
1170:Phrynichus
969:Hippolytus
843:Phrynichus
837:Pre 484 -
757:newspapers
746:"Dionysia"
648:epimeletai
628:satyr play
487:epimelētai
436:Eleutherae
374:dithyrambs
366:(led by a
358:After the
353:askophoroi
336:kanephoroi
291:Eleutherae
251:theatrical
1696:Hellenion
1540:145343153
1279:Hellenism
1231:, titled
1193:278 BC –
1187:290 BC –
1181:402 BC –
1165:The Birds
1152:Ameipsias
1150:414 BC –
1134:421 BC –
1101:Hermippus
1099:435 BC –
1093:437 BC –
1087:43? BC -
1081:446 BC –
1075:450 BC –
1066:472 BC –
1062:Chionides
1060:486 BC –
1044:3?? BC -
1040:Astydamas
1038:372 BC –
993:415 BC –
987:416 BC –
977:Philocles
975:427 BC –
956:Euphorion
954:431 BC –
942:Euripides
940:441 BC –
880:Sophocles
878:468 BC –
869:471 BC –
853:Aeschylus
851:484 BC –
839:Choerilus
686:nostalgia
682:Euripides
640:Sophocles
636:Euripides
632:Aeschylus
592:Euripides
576:Acropolis
543:Simonides
503:Acropolis
448:genitalia
313:Poseideon
255:tragedies
76:) in the
1289:See also
1195:Philemon
1174:Solitary
1089:Cratinus
1046:Aphareus
995:Xenocles
949:Alcestis
934:Antigone
899:Aristias
847:Pratinas
616:thespian
535:chorēgoí
527:chorēgoí
507:eisagōgē
483:páredroi
465:basileus
369:choregos
364:choruses
269:and the
259:comedies
247:Dionysus
239:festival
96:Dionysia
54:Dionysos
1871:Press.
1729:, eds.
1713:Sources
1622:Theater
1619:"Ph.D."
1589:Theater
1237:America
1136:Eupolis
1083:Callias
989:Agathon
829:Tragedy
771:scholar
612:Thespis
588:proagōn
580:proagōn
568:proagōn
564:proagōn
557:revelry
511:phalloi
476:Proagon
453:phalloi
440:Boeotia
424:tyranny
410:Origins
382:Eleusis
378:Piraeus
322:phalloi
68:(which
1875:
1834:
1820:
1802:
1786:
1772:
1758:
1750:, ed.
1737:
1676:4 July
1632:8 June
1599:8 June
1562:
1538:
1532:630070
1530:
1493:
1460:
1438:
1399:p. 137
1349:
1315:Lenaia
1263:Ovid's
1077:Crates
1068:Magnes
1052:Comedy
773:
766:
759:
752:
744:
671:Lenaia
638:, and
606:, the
578:. The
547:Pindar
533:, the
495:metics
444:plague
295:Attica
243:Athens
85:Greece
81:region
74:Athens
58:daimon
50:mosaic
1867:(1).
1865:XLIII
1536:S2CID
1528:JSTOR
1326:Notes
1253:Regis
1233:Ilium
1229:Iliad
1145:Peace
961:Medea
778:JSTOR
764:books
663:agons
604:pompe
552:kōmos
531:pompē
515:pompe
491:pompē
472:Pompe
360:pompe
333:were
331:pompe
317:pompe
309:vines
287:rural
235:Greek
66:Delos
1873:ISBN
1832:ISBN
1818:ISBN
1800:ISBN
1784:ISBN
1770:ISBN
1756:ISBN
1735:ISBN
1678:2021
1634:2013
1601:2013
1585:"Dr"
1560:ISBN
1491:ISBN
1458:ISBN
1436:ISBN
1347:ISBN
1251:and
750:news
620:goat
545:and
474:and
380:and
94:The
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1516:107
1442:p.3
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733:by
697:ivy
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64:at
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