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1644:, where marriages between Jewish men and non-Jewish women were broken up, Ruth teaches that foreigners who convert to Judaism can become good Jews, foreign wives can become exemplary followers of Jewish law, and there is no reason to exclude them or their offspring from the community. Some believe the names of the participants suggest a fictional nature of the story: the husband and father was Elimelech, meaning "My God is King", and his wife was Naomi, "Pleasing", but after the deaths of her sons Mahlon, "Sickness", and Chilion, "Wasting", she asked to be called Mara, "Bitter".
1310:
2811:(2004). The History of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period, Volume 1: Yehud, the Persian Province of Judah. Continuum. p. 105. ISBN 9780567089984.”The book of Ruth also illustrates the complexity of trying to use legal sections of the Old Testament (such as the 'Covenant Code' and Deuteronomy) as evidence of actual practice, since the book of Ruth differs on several issues from the Pentateuch. For example, the ceremony relating to inheritance where a widow is concerned has some interesting differences from Deut. 25.5-10 ($ 8.3).”
1306:). Naomi decides to return to Bethlehem. She tells her daughters-in-law to return to their own mothers and remarry. Orpah reluctantly leaves. However, Ruth demurs: "Do not urge me to leave you, to turn back and not follow you. For wherever you go, I will go; wherever you lodge, I will lodge; your people shall be my people, and your God my God. Where you die, I will die, and there I will be buried. Thus and more may the Lord do to me if anything but death parts me from you." (Ruth 1:16–17 NJPS).
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This conflict is resolved through the custom that required land to stay in the family: a family could mortgage land to ward off poverty, but the law required a kinsman to purchase it back into the family (Leviticus 25:25ff). When Boaz meets the near kinsman at the city gate, the place where contracts
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with Boaz. She instructs Ruth to uncover Boaz's feet after he had gone to sleep and to lie down. When Boaz wakes up, surprised to see a woman at his feet, Ruth explains that she wants him to redeem (marry) her. The usual interpretation is to see sexual allusions in this part of the story, with 'feet'
1620:, the "kinsman-redeemer". As Boaz was not Elimelech's brother, nor Ruth his widow, scholars refer to the arrangement here as "Levirate-like". A complication arises in the story when it is revealed that another man is a closer relative to Elimelech than Boaz and therefore has first claim on Ruth.
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her and agrees to do all that is required. He notes that "all the elders of my town know what a fine woman you are" (3:11 NJPS). However, Boaz advises her that she has a male relative closer than he. Ruth remains in submission at his feet until she returns to the city in the morning.
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1663:; even to their tenth generation". Despite this, Ruth the Moabite married a Judahite and even after his death still regarded herself a member of his family; she then married another Judahite and bore him a son who became an ancestor of
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were settled, the kinsman initially agrees to purchase
Elimelech's (now Naomi's) land; but upon hearing he must also take Ruth as his wife, he withdraws his offer. Boaz thus becomes "kinsman-redeemer" to Naomi and Ruth.
1345:, who is kind to her because he has heard of her loyalty to her mother-in-law. Ruth tells Naomi of Boaz's kindness, and Ruth continues to glean in his field through the remainder of barley and wheat harvests.
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Now this was formerly done in Israel in cases of redemption or exchange: to validate any transaction, one man would take off his sandal and hand it to the other. Such was the practice in Israel. (NJPS)
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Boaz and Ruth are then married and have a son. The women of the city celebrate Naomi's joy in finding a redeemer to preserve her family name. Naomi takes the child and places it on her bosom.
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Since there is no heir to inherit
Elimelech's land, custom required a close relative (usually the dead man's brother) to marry the widow of the deceased in order to continue his family line (
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relations, while others have seen in it a celebration of the relationship between strong and resourceful women. Others have seen it as a book that champions outcast and oppressed peoples.
1439:(11th century BCE), but Ruth's identity as a non-Israelite and the stress on the need for an inclusive attitude towards foreigners suggests an origin in the fifth century BCE, when
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2755:, pp. 78-84. The usual interpretation, as given here, is that Ruth is told to uncover Boaz's genitals, but see Kirsten Nielsen, "Other Writings," in McKenzie and Graham (eds.),
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1385:, thus freeing Boaz to marry Ruth. They transfer the property, redeeming it, and ratify the redemption by the nearer kinsman taking off his shoe and handing it over to Boaz.
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Early that morning, Boaz goes to the city gate to meet with the other male relative before the town elders. The relative is not named. Boaz addresses him as
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1683:"Levenspoort" (Arch of Life), with a quote from Ruth 4:10 at its base; a bronze memorial sculpture by Yetty Elzas. In remembrance of the
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raises questions, since in the rest of the biblical literature it is associated with hostility to Israel, sexual perversity, and
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1381:"so and so". The relative, unwilling to jeopardize the inheritance of his own estate by marrying Ruth, relinquishes his
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addition, as it adds nothing to the plot; nevertheless, it is carefully crafted and integrates the book into the
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The
History of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period, Volume 1: Yehud, the Persian Province of Judah
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For "feet" as a euphemism for genitals see, for example, Amy-Jill Levine, "Ruth," in Newsom and Ringe (eds.),
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at night where Boaz sleeps, directing Ruth to "uncover his feet and lie down" and await his instructions" (
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This article is about the ancient Hebrew religious text. For the 20th-century
English-language novel, see
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The New Oxford
Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version
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as evidence of actual practice. Naomi plans to provide security for herself and Ruth by arranging a
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Surviving manuscripts date from hundreds or thousands of years after initial authorship. The oldest
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law to marry Ruth, Mahlon's widow, to carry on his family's inheritance. Naomi sends Ruth to the
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Scholars have increasingly explored Ruth in ways which allow it to address contemporary issues.
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3289:. In LaSor, William Sanford; Hubbard, David Allan; Bush, Frederic William; et al. (eds.).
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1478:
End of the book of Ruth in
Damascus Keter, Bible. Manuscript on parchment. Burgos, Spain, 1260.
1159:, as her God and accepts the Israelite people as her own. It differs in legal matters from the
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3767:) (Creative Commons translation with in-depth introduction and extensive translation notes)
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harvest and, in order to support her mother-in-law and herself, Ruth goes to the fields to
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about scholarly perspectives on whether the contents are a historical account or fictional.
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and shows the difficulty of confirming widespread Torah-observance in the
Persian period.
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3182:. Judith A. Kates, Gail Twersky Reimer (1st ed.). New York: Ballantine Books. 1994.
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The Book of Ruth illustrates the difficulty of trying to use laws given in books such as
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Ruth. Spread your robe over your handmaid, for you are a redeeming kinsman" (3:9 NJPS).
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The book concludes with an appendix tracing the
Davidic genealogy all the way back from
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Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the
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1360:). Ruth complies. On awakening, Boaz asks her who she is, and she replies: "I am your
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Boaz, being a close relative of Naomi's husband's family, is therefore obliged by the
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1458:(550-330 BCE). The genealogy that concludes the book is believed to be a post-exilic
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3510:. In Coogan, Michael D.; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann; et al. (eds.).
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The book can be read as a political parable relating to issues around the time of
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of
Wageningen and surroundings, deported and murdered during the years 1940-1945
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Emmerson, Grace I. (2007). "11. Ruth". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.).
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The book does not name its author. It is traditionally ascribed to the prophet
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Unprotected Texts: The Bible's
Surprising Contradictions About Sex and Desire
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Old Testament Survey: The Message, Form, and Background of the Old Testament
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A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament: The Hebrew Bible in Its Context
1494:(1008). Some fragments containing parts of this book were found among the
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3399:(first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 192–195.
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1408:, the father of David" (Ruth 4:13–17); that is, he is the grandfather of
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Act 2: Ruth Meets Boaz, Naomi's Relative, on the Harvest Field (2:1–23)
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2944:. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 42.
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at Mechon Mamre – (Jewish Publication Society of America Version, 1917)
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3637:. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans.
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1291:. Elimelech dies, and the sons marry two Moabite women: Mahlon weds
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1506:(~50 CE), and 2Q17 (~50 BCE), with only slight variations from the
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3227:"The Old Testament Story of Ruth: a Biblical Heroine for Everyone"
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Joseph S. Exell; Henry Donald Maurice Spence-Jones (Editors). The
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1981:
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2759:, pp.175-176, where it is argued that Ruth is to uncover herself.
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excluded an Ammonite or a Moabite from "the congregation of the L
1558:(5th century). The whole book of Ruth is missing from the extant
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Naomi entreating Ruth and Orpah to return to the land of Moab by
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Act 3: Naomi Sends Ruth to Boaz on the Threshing Floor (3:1–18)
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3544:
The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants
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1937:
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Various relationships mentioned in the book form a family tree:
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The Conversion of the Foreigners between Ruth and Ezra-Nehemiah
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says that only male Moabites are banned from the congregation.
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After about ten years, the two sons of Naomi also die in Moab (
1255:
3489:
Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings
1325:"The Gleaners", an engraving illustrating the Book of Ruth by
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3179:
Reading Ruth : contemporary women reclaim a sacred story
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Act 4: Resolution and Epilogue: Life and Fullness (4:1–22)
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Naomi and Ruth return to Bethlehem at the beginning of the
3076:. Kregel Exegetical Library. Kregel Academic. p. 13.
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A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets
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A substantial number of scholars therefore date it to the
1197:
Act 1: Prologue and Problem: Death and Emptiness (1:1–22)
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Bible Study on Cross-Cultural Love – InterVarsity website
1207:
Scene 3: Arrival of Naomi and Ruth in Bethlehem (1:19–22)
3148:
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3573:. In Dunn, James D.G.; Rogerson, John William (eds.).
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A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature
1412:, and so Ruth is the great-grandmother of King David.
1108:) is included in the third division, or the Writings (
3690:
Ruth – English translatin [with Rashi commentary]
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Scene 2: Ruth at the threshing-floor of Boaz (3:6–15)
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3478:. Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
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1341:. As it happens, the field belongs to a man named
1170:, as is evidenced by the considerable presence of
1699:and female self-sufficiency, and as a model for
1240:Scene 1: Boaz with the men at the gate (4:1–12)
1404:, whom the reader discovers is "the father of
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3753:Non-affiliated translations and study guides
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3487:. In Longman, Tremper; Enns, Peter (eds.).
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1640:(the 5th century BCE): unlike the story of
1367:Acknowledging he is a close relative, Boaz
1215:Scene 1: Ruth in the field of Boaz (2:1–17)
1194:The book is structured into four chapters.
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3378:. Grand Central Publishing. p. 13.
3319:'The Book of Ruth and Blanche of Castile
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1243:Scene 2: A son is born to Ruth (4:13–17)
1232:Scene 3: Ruth reports to Naomi (3:16–18)
1218:Scene 2: Ruth reports to Naomi (2:18–23)
3696:Christian translations and study guides
3375:God and Sex: What the Bible Really Says
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1614:25:5–10). This relative was called the
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3027:. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890.
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3702:Book of Ruth for listening on Spotify
3430:. Continuum. pp. 105 & 312.
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2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1985:
1980:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1958:
1947:
1936:
1914:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1866:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1841:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1804:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1718:
1586:Levirate marriage and the "redeemers"
1443:had become controversial (as seen in
7:
3666:Jewish translations and study guides
3096:
2875:
2839:
2377:Verses 4:18–22 contains a genealogy
1204:Scene 2: Naomi returns home (1:6–18)
5058:Other books referenced in the Bible
5017:New Testament manuscript categories
3047:Special letters in the Hebrew Bible
1427:", through to Obed, down to David.
1104:, "the Scroll of Ruth", one of the
1097:
4588:Testaments of the Three Patriarchs
4024:The Book of Ruth: Journey of Faith
3533:. Institutul Teologic Penticostal.
3237:from the original on June 12, 2021
1389:notes for later generations that:
1201:Scene 1: Setting the scene (1:1–5)
46:The Book of Ruth: Journey of Faith
25:
3359:from the original on July 1, 2023
1538:There is also a translation into
1502:(~50 BCE), 4Q105 (30 BCE-68 CE),
3736:
3575:Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible
3472:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
3028:
1247:Genealogical appendix (4:18–22)
1052:
69:
5073:Biblical and Quranic narratives
3445:Hubbard, Robert L. Jr. (1988).
1466:running from Genesis to Kings.
3506:Leith, Mary Joan Winn (2007).
1523:, occurs in the first word of
1166:The book is held in esteem by
1:
3634:The Text of the Old Testament
3310:The HarperCollins Study Bible
3308:Atteridge, Harold W. (2006).
1575:Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld
3321:. Leiden: Alexandros Press.
2753:The Women's Bible Commentary
1675:Contemporary interpretations
1470:Oldest surviving manuscripts
1120:it is treated as one of the
3744:public domain audiobook at
3529:Mihăilă, Alexandru (2011).
3514:. Oxford University Press.
3396:The Oxford Bible Commentary
3345:. Oxford University Press.
1267:, an Israelite family from
1178:, as it is read during the
5178:
5053:English Bible translations
4441:Song of the Three Children
3070:Shepherd, Michael (2018).
29:
5091:
4088:American Standard Version
3601:. HarperOne. p. 32.
3285:Allen, Leslie C. (1996).
2689:
2687:
2656:
2654:
2623:
2621:
2590:
2588:
2557:
2555:
2524:
2522:
2491:
2489:
2458:
2456:
2425:
2423:
2263:
2261:
2142:
2140:
2021:
2019:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1989:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1912:
1908:
1906:
1900:
1898:
1870:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1808:
1806:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1750:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
43:. For the 2009 film, see
37:. For the 1960 film, see
1486:manuscripts include the
4915:Intertestamental period
3760:The Heavenly Fire: Ruth
3466:Gigot, Francis (1912).
2905:Dead sea scrolls - Ruth
1667:. Concerning this, the
1263:During the time of the
4899:Apocalyptic literature
4536:Paralipomena of Baruch
4047:Tomb of Jesse and Ruth
3680:Jewish Virtual Library
3593:Wright Knust, Jennifer
3491:. InterVarsity Press.
3210:: CS1 maint: others (
2757:The Hebrew Bible Today
1688:
1582:
1479:
1330:
1318:
1260:
1063:is missing information
988:Paralipomena of Baruch
5063:Additional Scriptures
5027:New Testament uncials
4093:World English Version
4003:(Rembrandt paintings)
3778:Catholic Encyclopedia
3569:West, Gerald (2003).
3475:Catholic Encyclopedia
3317:Bartal, Ruth (2023).
1682:
1573:
1566:Themes and background
1477:
1324:
1312:
1258:
1135:The book, written in
5142:4th-century BC books
5137:5th-century BC books
5132:6th-century BC books
5048:Bible version debate
5022:New Testament papyri
4968:Samaritan Pentateuch
4593:Testament of Abraham
4531:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
3772:Encyclopedic entries
3709:The Kinsman Redeemer
3595:(January 25, 2011).
3483:Irwin, B.P. (2008).
3469:"Book of Ruth"
1579:Ruth in Boaz's Field
1492:Codex Leningradensis
983:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
4990:Muratorian fragment
4925:New Testament canon
4920:Old Testament canon
4813:Chapters and verses
4431:Additions to Daniel
4397:Additions to Esther
3685:Jewish Encyclopedia
2936:Fitzmyer, Joseph A.
1490:(10th century) and
1400:The child is named
1383:right of redemption
1259:Hebrew text of Ruth
1124:and placed between
909:Additions to Daniel
875:Additions to Esther
4603:Testament of Jacob
4598:Testament of Isaac
4483:Prayer of Manasseh
4446:Bel and the Dragon
4426:Letter of Jeremiah
4083:King James Version
3337:Coogan, Michael D.
3140:, p. 521-522.
2733:Genealogy of Jesus
1689:
1685:71 Jewish citizens
1657:Deuteronomy 23:3–6
1583:
1556:Codex Alexandrinus
1480:
1331:
1319:
1285:Mahlon and Chilion
1261:
935:Prayer of Manasseh
904:Letter of Jeremiah
5114:
5113:
5083:Textual criticism
4646:
4645:
4570:Psalms of Solomon
4513:Orthodox Tewahedo
4101:
4100:
4016:The Story of Ruth
3974:Levirate marriage
3608:978-0-06-201082-7
3422:Grabbe, Lester L.
3385:978-0-446-57413-6
3121:Wright Knust 2011
3060:, pp. 73–74.
3025:Pulpit Commentary
2890:, pp. 36–37.
2809:Grabbe, Lester L.
2728:Levirate marriage
2714:
2713:
2374:
2373:
1697:dignity of labour
1647:The reference to
1596:levirate marriage
1464:history of Israel
1283:, and their sons
1155:, the God of the
1086:
1085:
1046:
1045:
1006:
1005:
1000:
999:
964:Orthodox Tewahedo
890:Wisdom of Solomon
842:
841:
548:
547:
542:
541:
538:
537:
495:
494:
424:
423:
360:
359:
281:
280:
236:
235:
160:
159:
40:The Story of Ruth
27:Book of the Bible
16:(Redirected from
5169:
5162:Historical books
4963:Dead Sea Scrolls
4945:Dating the Bible
4823:Historical books
4460:Eastern Orthodox
4373:Eastern Orthodox
4361:
4354:
4128:
4121:
4114:
4105:
4078:Wycliffe Version
3807:
3800:
3793:
3784:
3748:Various versions
3740:
3739:
3717:– GospelHall.org
3655:
3653:
3651:
3629:Würthwein, Ernst
3624:
3622:
3620:
3588:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3534:
3525:
3502:
3485:"Ruth 4: Person"
3479:
3471:
3462:
3448:The Book of Ruth
3441:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3389:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3332:
3313:
3312:. HarperCollins.
3304:
3271:
3265:
3259:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3225:A. A., English.
3222:
3216:
3215:
3209:
3201:
3174:
3168:
3167:, p. 32-33.
3162:
3156:
3150:
3141:
3135:
3124:
3118:
3112:
3106:
3100:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3049:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3021:
3015:
3009:
3003:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2975:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2932:
2923:
2913:
2907:
2902:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2855:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2783:
2777:
2760:
2749:
2392:
2391:
1716:
1715:
1662:
1560:Codex Sinaiticus
1550:version include
1534:
1496:Dead Sea Scrolls
1122:historical books
1118:Christian canons
1099:
1081:
1078:
1072:
1056:
1048:
1038:
1031:
1024:
859:
855:
853:Deuterocanonical
729:
725:
681:
617:
573:
564:
558:
506:
443:
436:
392:
383:
378:
374:
249:
194:
183:
178:
174:
108:
103:
99:
89:
83:
73:
66:
33:The Book of Ruth
21:
5177:
5176:
5172:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5167:
5166:
5117:
5116:
5115:
5110:
5087:
5031:
4949:
4940:Christian canon
4903:
4838:Prophetic books
4801:
4732:2 Thessalonians
4727:1 Thessalonians
4642:
4609:
4574:
4545:
4507:
4466:
4452:
4380:
4352:
4351:
4343:
4154:
4150:
4141:
4132:
4102:
4097:
4051:
4030:
3983:
3952:
3841:
3816:
3811:
3737:
3663:
3658:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3627:
3618:
3616:
3609:
3591:
3585:
3568:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3537:
3528:
3522:
3505:
3499:
3482:
3465:
3459:
3444:
3438:
3420:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3392:
3386:
3371:
3362:
3360:
3353:
3335:
3329:
3316:
3307:
3301:
3284:
3280:
3275:
3274:
3266:
3262:
3254:
3250:
3240:
3238:
3231:Learn Religions
3224:
3223:
3219:
3202:
3190:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3163:
3159:
3151:
3144:
3136:
3127:
3119:
3115:
3107:
3103:
3095:
3091:
3084:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3056:
3052:
3045:
3041:
3029:
3022:
3018:
3010:
3006:
2994:
2990:
2982:
2978:
2970:
2966:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2934:
2933:
2926:
2914:
2910:
2903:
2894:
2886:
2882:
2874:
2870:
2862:
2858:
2850:
2846:
2838:
2827:
2819:
2815:
2807:
2803:
2795:
2786:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2763:
2750:
2746:
2741:
2719:
2376:
1711:
1677:
1660:
1630:
1588:
1568:
1554:(4th century),
1552:Codex Vaticanus
1528:
1517:
1513:A large letter
1472:
1433:
1354:threshing floor
1253:
1192:
1168:Jewish converts
1082:
1076:
1073:
1066:
1057:
1042:
1002:
1001:
856:
851:
844:
843:
726:
721:
714:
713:
712:
682:
677:
670:
669:
668:
618:
613:
606:
605:
604:
574:
569:
556:
544:
543:
434:
380:
376:
370:
362:
361:
356:
180:
176:
170:
162:
161:
105:
101:
95:
81:
62:
49:. For the 2017
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5175:
5173:
5165:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5119:
5118:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5085:
5080:
5078:Synod of Hippo
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5039:
5037:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5012:Masoretic Text
5009:
5004:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4959:
4957:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4911:
4909:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4901:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4862:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4848:Minor prophets
4845:
4843:Major prophets
4835:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4809:
4807:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4656:
4654:
4648:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4629:
4628:
4621:Pseudepigrapha
4617:
4615:
4614:Classification
4611:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4584:
4582:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4560:Psalms 152–155
4556:
4554:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4517:
4515:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4461:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4428:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4378:
4375:
4370:
4364:
4358:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4214:1–2 Chronicles
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4160:
4158:
4143:
4142:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4123:
4116:
4108:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4038:
4036:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4020:
4012:
4008:Naomi and Ruth
4004:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3971:
3966:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3749:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3661:External links
3659:
3657:
3656:
3643:
3625:
3607:
3589:
3583:
3566:
3553:
3541:, ed. (2010).
3539:Ulrich, Eugene
3535:
3526:
3520:
3503:
3497:
3480:
3463:
3457:
3442:
3436:
3418:
3406:978-0199277186
3405:
3390:
3384:
3369:
3351:
3333:
3327:
3314:
3305:
3299:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:, p. 195.
3260:
3258:, p. 699.
3248:
3217:
3188:
3169:
3157:
3155:, p. 312.
3142:
3125:
3113:
3101:
3099:, p. 210.
3089:
3083:978-0825444593
3082:
3062:
3058:Würthwein 1995
3050:
3039:
3016:
3014:, p. 192.
3004:
2988:
2986:, p. 736.
2976:
2964:
2950:
2924:
2908:
2892:
2888:Würthwein 1995
2880:
2878:, p. 211.
2868:
2866:, p. 391.
2856:
2844:
2842:, p. 209.
2825:
2823:, p. 383.
2821:Atteridge 2006
2813:
2801:
2799:, p. 105.
2784:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2723:Goel (Judaism)
2718:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2596:
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2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
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2552:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
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2517:
2515:
2512:
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2504:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
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2479:
2477:
2476:
2471:
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2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1710:
1707:
1676:
1673:
1629:
1628:Mixed marriage
1626:
1587:
1584:
1567:
1564:
1515:
1508:Masoretic Text
1471:
1468:
1456:Persian period
1432:
1429:
1395:
1394:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1191:
1188:
1180:Jewish holiday
1151:, who accepts
1102:Megillath Ruth
1084:
1083:
1060:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1003:
998:
997:
996:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
967:
966:
960:
959:
958:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
919:
918:
914:
913:
912:
911:
906:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
857:
850:
849:
846:
845:
840:
839:
838:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
774:
773:
771:Minor prophets
767:
766:
765:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
736:
735:
733:Major prophets
727:
720:
719:
716:
715:
711:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
684:
683:
676:
675:
672:
671:
667:
666:
661:
656:
651:
649:1–2 Chronicles
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
620:
619:
612:
611:
608:
607:
603:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
576:
575:
568:
567:
560:
559:
557:(Christianity)
550:
549:
546:
545:
540:
539:
536:
535:
534:Divre Hayyamim
532:
526:
525:
522:
516:
515:
512:
502:
501:
497:
496:
493:
492:
489:
483:
482:
479:
473:
472:
469:
463:
462:
459:
453:
452:
449:
439:
438:
426:
425:
422:
421:
418:
412:
411:
408:
402:
401:
398:
388:
387:
381:
368:
367:
364:
363:
358:
357:
355:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
293:
290:
289:
283:
282:
279:
278:
275:
269:
268:
265:
259:
258:
255:
245:
244:
238:
237:
234:
233:
230:
224:
223:
220:
214:
213:
210:
204:
203:
200:
190:
189:
181:
168:
167:
164:
163:
158:
157:
154:
148:
147:
144:
138:
137:
134:
128:
127:
124:
118:
117:
114:
106:
93:
92:
85:
84:
75:
74:
55:Book of Ruth (
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5174:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5090:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5034:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5002:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4985:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4952:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4906:
4900:
4897:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4870:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4856:
4853:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4804:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4695:2 Corinthians
4693:
4691:
4690:1 Corinthians
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4653:
4652:New Testament
4649:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4633:New Testament
4631:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4612:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4590:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4548:
4542:
4541:Broader canon
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4510:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4350:
4346:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4254:Song of Songs
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4152:Old Testament
4148:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4129:
4124:
4122:
4117:
4115:
4110:
4109:
4106:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4073:Latin Vulgate
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4033:
4026:
4025:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3808:
3803:
3801:
3796:
3794:
3789:
3788:
3785:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3646:
3644:0-8028-0788-7
3640:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3626:
3614:
3610:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3584:9780802837110
3580:
3576:
3572:
3567:
3556:
3554:9789004181830
3550:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3527:
3523:
3521:9780195288803
3517:
3513:
3509:
3504:
3500:
3498:9780830817832
3494:
3490:
3486:
3481:
3477:
3476:
3470:
3464:
3460:
3458:9780802825261
3454:
3450:
3449:
3443:
3439:
3437:9780567089984
3433:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3419:
3408:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3391:
3387:
3381:
3377:
3376:
3370:
3358:
3354:
3352:9780195332728
3348:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3328:9789490387129
3324:
3320:
3315:
3311:
3306:
3302:
3300:9780802837882
3296:
3292:
3288:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3269:
3268:Emmerson 2007
3264:
3261:
3257:
3252:
3249:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3221:
3218:
3213:
3207:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3189:0-345-38033-9
3185:
3181:
3180:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3161:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3123:, p. 32.
3122:
3117:
3114:
3111:, p. 13.
3110:
3105:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3090:
3085:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3035:public domain
3026:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3012:Emmerson 2007
3008:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2977:
2974:, p. 42.
2973:
2972:Fitzmyer 2008
2968:
2965:
2953:
2951:9780802862419
2947:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2884:
2881:
2877:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2860:
2857:
2854:, p. 23.
2853:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2773:
2766:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2745:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2696:
2694:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2663:
2661:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2630:
2628:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2597:
2595:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2564:
2562:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2531:
2529:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2498:
2496:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2465:
2463:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2432:
2430:
2414:
2412:
2403:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2371:
2324:
2314:
2312:
2252:
2250:
2203:
2193:
2191:
2131:
2129:
2082:
2072:
2070:
2010:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1983:
1972:
1961:
1950:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1910:
1904:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1865:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1844:
1833:
1803:
1800:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1748:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1686:
1681:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1643:
1642:Ezra–Nehemiah
1639:
1635:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1542:known as the
1541:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1476:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1441:intermarriage
1438:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1323:
1316:
1315:William Blake
1311:
1307:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1295:and Chilion,
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1257:
1250:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1106:Five Megillot
1103:
1098:מְגִלַּת רוּת
1095:
1091:
1080:
1070:
1064:
1061:This article
1059:
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1027:
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1019:
1017:
1016:
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1010:
1009:
994:
993:Broader canon
991:
989:
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920:
917:Orthodox only
915:
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730:
724:
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709:
708:Song of Songs
706:
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586:
583:
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572:
566:
565:
562:
561:
555:
554:Old Testament
551:
533:
531:
527:
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520:Ezra–Nehemiah
517:
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451:Shir Hashirim
450:
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102:(Instruction)
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68:
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58:
53:episode, see
52:
48:
47:
42:
41:
36:
34:
19:
5127:Book of Ruth
5001:Vetus Latina
4999:
4982:
4935:Jewish canon
4930:Antilegomena
4832:Poetic Books
4828:Wisdom books
4806:Subdivisions
4719:
4424: /
4349:Deuterocanon
4269:Lamentations
4249:Ecclesiastes
4198:
4156:(protocanon)
4147:Hebrew Bible
4063:Hebrew Bible
4022:
4014:
4006:
3999:
3995:
3814:Book of Ruth
3813:
3759:
3742:Book of Ruth
3722:Biblegateway
3715:Online Bible
3714:
3672:
3648:. Retrieved
3633:
3617:. Retrieved
3597:
3577:. Eerdmans.
3574:
3558:. Retrieved
3543:
3530:
3511:
3488:
3473:
3451:. Eerdmans.
3447:
3426:
3410:. Retrieved
3395:
3374:
3363:November 28,
3361:. Retrieved
3341:
3318:
3309:
3293:. Eerdmans.
3290:
3278:Bibliography
3263:
3251:
3239:. Retrieved
3230:
3220:
3178:
3172:
3165:Mihăilă 2011
3160:
3116:
3104:
3092:
3072:
3065:
3053:
3042:
3019:
3007:
2991:
2979:
2967:
2957:February 15,
2955:. Retrieved
2940:
2911:
2883:
2871:
2859:
2852:Hubbard 1988
2847:
2816:
2804:
2782:, p. 8.
2775:
2756:
2752:
2747:
2389:with names.
2375:
1948:
1712:
1705:
1690:
1646:
1631:
1622:
1615:
1609:
1589:
1578:
1537:
1530:
1520:
1512:
1488:Aleppo Codex
1481:
1453:
1434:
1414:
1399:
1396:
1378:ploni almoni
1376:
1374:
1366:
1347:
1332:
1329:(1832–1883).
1327:Gustave Doré
1301:
1262:
1246:
1235:
1221:
1210:
1196:
1193:
1176:liturgically
1165:
1134:
1114:Hebrew Bible
1101:
1090:Book of Ruth
1089:
1087:
1074:
1062:
1012:Bible portal
902: /
752:Lamentations
703:Ecclesiastes
633:
477:Ecclesiastes
467:Lamentations
456:
431:
371:
171:
96:
63:
56:
50:
45:
39:
32:
5106:WikiProject
4984:Diatessaron
4955:Manuscripts
4908:Development
4710:Philippians
4580:Beta Israel
4498:4 Maccabees
4493:3 Maccabees
4407:2 Maccabees
4402:1 Maccabees
4184:Deuteronomy
4042:Ruth Rabbah
3650:January 26,
3412:February 6,
3153:Grabbe 2004
3109:Coogan 2010
2998:, pp.
2996:Ulrich 2010
2984:Ulrich 2010
2916:Ulrich 2010
2797:Grabbe 2004
2780:Coogan 2008
1612:Deuteronomy
1592:Deuteronomy
1540:Koine Greek
1431:Composition
1279:, his wife
1273:Ephrathites
1186:("Weeks").
1139:during the
1077:August 2024
950:4 Maccabees
945:3 Maccabees
885:2 Maccabees
880:1 Maccabees
600:Deuteronomy
152:Deuteronomy
5121:Categories
5043:Authorship
4973:Septuagint
4818:Pentateuch
4797:Revelation
4721:Laodiceans
4715:Colossians
4204:1–2 Samuel
4068:Septuagint
3256:Irwin 2008
3138:Allen 1996
2918:, p.
2864:Leith 2007
2767:References
1548:Septuagint
1544:Septuagint
1527:- לִינִי (
1410:King David
1161:Pentateuch
1157:Israelites
1116:. In most
1112:), of the
639:1–2 Samuel
615:Historical
571:Pentateuch
530:Chronicles
500:Historical
377:(Writings)
177:(Prophets)
4882:Johannine
4742:2 Timothy
4737:1 Timothy
4705:Ephesians
4700:Galatians
4488:Psalm 151
4356:apocrypha
4334:Zechariah
4324:Zephaniah
4209:1–2 Kings
4174:Leviticus
4011:(cantata)
3868:Elimelech
3853:Amminadab
3828:Bethlehem
3619:August 8,
3547:. Brill.
3206:cite book
3097:West 2003
2876:West 2003
2840:West 2003
2507:Amminadab
1832:Elimelech
1693:Feminists
1601:euphemism
1525:Ruth 3:13
1521:majuscula
1277:Elimelech
1275:) —
1271:(who are
1269:Bethlehem
1190:Structure
1069:talk page
940:Psalm 151
830:Zechariah
820:Zephaniah
723:Prophetic
644:1–2 Kings
590:Leviticus
435:(Scrolls)
347:Zechariah
337:Zephaniah
277:Yekhezqel
267:Yirmeyahu
257:Yeshayahu
132:Leviticus
82:(Judaism)
5096:Category
4995:Peshitta
4892:Catholic
4887:Pastoral
4872:Epistles
4865:Synoptic
4752:Philemon
4565:2 Baruch
4552:Peshitta
4526:Jubilees
4478:2 Esdras
4473:1 Esdras
4368:Catholic
4319:Habakkuk
4264:Jeremiah
4244:Proverbs
4224:Nehemiah
4035:See also
3746:LibriVox
3732:Redeemed
3631:(1995).
3613:Archived
3424:(2004).
3357:Archived
3339:(2008).
3241:June 12,
3235:Archived
3198:30070674
2938:(2008).
2717:See also
2381:(son of
1653:idolatry
1638:Nehemiah
1605:genitals
1498:, i.e.,
1460:Priestly
1451:13:1).
1449:Nehemiah
1447:9:1 and
1423:bore to
1419:, "whom
1387:Ruth 4:7
1362:handmaid
1350:levirate
1130:1 Samuel
978:Jubilees
930:2 Esdras
925:1 Esdras
815:Habakkuk
747:Jeremiah
698:Proverbs
659:Nehemiah
514:Daniyyel
432:Megillot
406:Proverbs
400:Tehillim
332:Habakkuk
263:Jeremiah
232:Melakhim
212:Shofetim
202:Yehoshua
146:Bemidbar
116:Bereshit
5157:Shavuot
5147:Ketuvim
5068:Studies
5036:Related
5007:Vulgate
4877:Pauline
4855:Gospels
4772:2 Peter
4767:1 Peter
4757:Hebrews
4660:Matthew
4550:Syriac
4436:Susanna
4339:Malachi
4299:Obadiah
4274:Ezekiel
4179:Numbers
4164:Genesis
4137:of the
4056:Sources
3903:Nahshon
3888:Chilion
3560:May 15,
2540:Nahshon
1971:Chilion
1701:lesbian
1669:Mishnah
1369:blesses
1251:Summary
1184:Shavuot
1145:Moabite
1141:Persian
1110:Ketuvim
835:Malachi
795:Obadiah
757:Ezekiel
595:Numbers
580:Genesis
481:Qohelet
410:Mishlei
372:Ketuvim
352:Malachi
312:Obadiah
273:Ezekiel
222:Shemuel
172:Nevi'im
156:Devarim
142:Numbers
136:Wayiqra
112:Genesis
35:(novel)
5101:Portal
4978:Targum
4787:3 John
4782:2 John
4777:1 John
4685:Romans
4638:Jewish
4463:Others
4422:Baruch
4417:Sirach
4412:Wisdom
4392:Judith
4377:Others
4329:Haggai
4279:Daniel
4259:Isaiah
4239:Psalms
4229:Esther
4194:Judges
4189:Joshua
4169:Exodus
4027:(film)
4019:(film)
3988:In art
3978:Yibbum
3969:Judges
3943:Salmon
3928:Rachel
3898:Mahlon
3873:Hezron
3846:People
3641:
3605:
3581:
3571:"Ruth"
3551:
3518:
3508:"Ruth"
3495:
3455:
3434:
3403:
3382:
3349:
3325:
3297:
3287:"Ruth"
3196:
3186:
3080:
2948:
2573:Salmon
2441:Hezron
1960:Mahlon
1655:, and
1581:, 1828
1484:Hebrew
1437:Samuel
1335:barley
1317:, 1795
1265:judges
1153:Yahweh
1147:woman
1137:Hebrew
1126:Judges
1094:Hebrew
900:Baruch
895:Sirach
870:Judith
825:Haggai
762:Daniel
742:Isaiah
693:Psalms
679:Wisdom
664:Esther
629:Judges
624:Joshua
585:Exodus
510:Daniel
487:Esther
471:Eikhah
396:Psalms
386:Poetic
375:
342:Haggai
287:Minor
253:Isaiah
242:Latter
218:Samuel
208:Judges
198:Joshua
187:Former
175:
126:Shemot
122:Exodus
100:
79:Tanakh
18:Ruth 2
4762:James
4747:Titus
4521:Enoch
4387:Tobit
4314:Nahum
4309:Micah
4304:Jonah
4284:Hosea
4139:Bible
4135:Books
3957:Terms
3948:Tamar
3923:Perez
3918:Orpah
3908:Naomi
3883:Judah
3878:Jesse
3863:David
3832:Judah
3821:Place
3002:–738.
2739:Notes
2705:David
2672:Jesse
2402:Perez
2387:David
2385:) to
2383:Judah
2379:Perez
2323:David
2202:Jesse
1982:Orpah
1843:Naomi
1665:David
1599:as a
1531:lî-nî
1500:4Q104
1425:Judah
1421:Tamar
1417:Perez
1406:Jesse
1339:glean
1297:Orpah
1281:Naomi
973:Enoch
865:Tobit
810:Nahum
805:Micah
800:Jonah
780:Hosea
491:Ester
430:Five
327:Nahum
322:Micah
317:Jonah
297:Hosea
228:Kings
97:Torah
57:Ozark
51:Ozark
5152:Moab
4860:List
4792:Jude
4680:Acts
4675:John
4670:Luke
4665:Mark
4626:list
4503:Odes
4294:Amos
4289:Joel
4219:Ezra
4199:Ruth
4000:Ruth
3998:and
3996:Boaz
3964:Goel
3938:Ruth
3913:Obed
3893:Leah
3858:Boaz
3837:Moab
3673:Ruth
3652:2019
3639:ISBN
3621:2021
3603:ISBN
3579:ISBN
3562:2017
3549:ISBN
3516:ISBN
3493:ISBN
3453:ISBN
3432:ISBN
3414:2019
3401:ISBN
3380:ISBN
3365:2021
3347:ISBN
3323:ISBN
3295:ISBN
3243:2021
3212:link
3194:OCLC
3184:ISBN
3078:ISBN
2959:2019
2946:ISBN
2639:Obed
2606:Boaz
2081:Obed
1949:Ruth
1938:Boaz
1649:Moab
1636:and
1634:Ezra
1617:goel
1603:for
1519:, a
1504:2Q16
1445:Ezra
1402:Obed
1343:Boaz
1293:Ruth
1289:Moab
1172:Boaz
1149:Ruth
1128:and
1088:The
955:Odes
790:Amos
785:Joel
654:Ezra
634:Ruth
524:Ezra
457:Ruth
420:Iyov
307:Amos
302:Joel
4353:and
4234:Job
3933:Ram
3765:PDF
3000:736
2920:735
2474:Ram
1661:ORD
1358:3:4
1304:1:4
1182:of
688:Job
461:Rut
416:Job
5123::
3830:,
3611:.
3355:.
3233:.
3229:.
3208:}}
3204:{{
3192:.
3145:^
3128:^
2927:^
2895:^
2828:^
2787:^
1607:.
1577::
1562:.
1510:.
1299:.
1132:.
1100:,
1096::
4834:)
4830:(
4149:/
4127:e
4120:t
4113:v
3980:)
3976:(
3806:e
3799:t
3792:v
3763:(
3654:.
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3587:.
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2922:.
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1092:(
1079:)
1075:(
1071:.
1037:e
1030:t
1023:v
61:.
59:)
20:)
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