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1649:, where marriages between Jewish men and non-Jewish women were broken up, Ruth teaches that foreigners who convert to Judaism can become good Jews, foreign wives can become exemplary followers of Jewish law, and there is no reason to exclude them or their offspring from the community. Some believe the names of the participants suggest a fictional nature of the story: the husband and father was Elimelech, meaning "My God is King", and his wife was Naomi, "Pleasing", but after the deaths of her sons Mahlon, "Sickness", and Chilion, "Wasting", she asked to be called Mara, "Bitter".
1315:
2816:(2004). The History of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period, Volume 1: Yehud, the Persian Province of Judah. Continuum. p. 105. ISBN 9780567089984.”The book of Ruth also illustrates the complexity of trying to use legal sections of the Old Testament (such as the 'Covenant Code' and Deuteronomy) as evidence of actual practice, since the book of Ruth differs on several issues from the Pentateuch. For example, the ceremony relating to inheritance where a widow is concerned has some interesting differences from Deut. 25.5-10 ($ 8.3).”
1311:). Naomi decides to return to Bethlehem. She tells her daughters-in-law to return to their own mothers and remarry. Orpah reluctantly leaves. However, Ruth demurs: "Do not urge me to leave you, to turn back and not follow you. For wherever you go, I will go; wherever you lodge, I will lodge; your people shall be my people, and your God my God. Where you die, I will die, and there I will be buried. Thus and more may the Lord do to me if anything but death parts me from you." (Ruth 1:16–17 NJPS).
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This conflict is resolved through the custom that required land to stay in the family: a family could mortgage land to ward off poverty, but the law required a kinsman to purchase it back into the family (Leviticus 25:25ff). When Boaz meets the near kinsman at the city gate, the place where contracts
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with Boaz. She instructs Ruth to uncover Boaz's feet after he had gone to sleep and to lie down. When Boaz wakes up, surprised to see a woman at his feet, Ruth explains that she wants him to redeem (marry) her. The usual interpretation is to see sexual allusions in this part of the story, with 'feet'
1625:, the "kinsman-redeemer". As Boaz was not Elimelech's brother, nor Ruth his widow, scholars refer to the arrangement here as "Levirate-like". A complication arises in the story when it is revealed that another man is a closer relative to Elimelech than Boaz and therefore has first claim on Ruth.
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her and agrees to do all that is required. He notes that "all the elders of my town know what a fine woman you are" (3:11 NJPS). However, Boaz advises her that she has a male relative closer than he. Ruth remains in submission at his feet until she returns to the city in the morning.
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1668:; even to their tenth generation". Despite this, Ruth the Moabite married a Judahite and even after his death still regarded herself a member of his family; she then married another Judahite and bore him a son who became an ancestor of
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were settled, the kinsman initially agrees to purchase
Elimelech's (now Naomi's) land; but upon hearing he must also take Ruth as his wife, he withdraws his offer. Boaz thus becomes "kinsman-redeemer" to Naomi and Ruth.
1350:, who is kind to her because he has heard of her loyalty to her mother-in-law. Ruth tells Naomi of Boaz's kindness, and Ruth continues to glean in his field through the remainder of barley and wheat harvests.
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Now this was formerly done in Israel in cases of redemption or exchange: to validate any transaction, one man would take off his sandal and hand it to the other. Such was the practice in Israel. (NJPS)
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Boaz and Ruth are then married and have a son. The women of the city celebrate Naomi's joy in finding a redeemer to preserve her family name. Naomi takes the child and places it on her bosom.
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Since there is no heir to inherit
Elimelech's land, custom required a close relative (usually the dead man's brother) to marry the widow of the deceased in order to continue his family line (
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1708:
relations, while others have seen in it a celebration of the relationship between strong and resourceful women. Others have seen it as a book that champions outcast and oppressed peoples.
1444:(11th century BCE), but Ruth's identity as a non-Israelite and the stress on the need for an inclusive attitude towards foreigners suggests an origin in the fifth century BCE, when
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2760:, pp. 78-84. The usual interpretation, as given here, is that Ruth is told to uncover Boaz's genitals, but see Kirsten Nielsen, "Other Writings," in McKenzie and Graham (eds.),
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1390:, thus freeing Boaz to marry Ruth. They transfer the property, redeeming it, and ratify the redemption by the nearer kinsman taking off his shoe and handing it over to Boaz.
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Early that morning, Boaz goes to the city gate to meet with the other male relative before the town elders. The relative is not named. Boaz addresses him as
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1688:"Levenspoort" (Arch of Life), with a quote from Ruth 4:10 at its base; a bronze memorial sculpture by Yetty Elzas. In remembrance of the
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raises questions, since in the rest of the biblical literature it is associated with hostility to Israel, sexual perversity, and
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1386:"so and so". The relative, unwilling to jeopardize the inheritance of his own estate by marrying Ruth, relinquishes his
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addition, as it adds nothing to the plot; nevertheless, it is carefully crafted and integrates the book into the
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The
History of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period, Volume 1: Yehud, the Persian Province of Judah
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For "feet" as a euphemism for genitals see, for example, Amy-Jill Levine, "Ruth," in Newsom and Ringe (eds.),
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at night where Boaz sleeps, directing Ruth to "uncover his feet and lie down" and await his instructions" (
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This article is about the ancient Hebrew religious text. For the 20th-century
English-language novel, see
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The New Oxford
Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version
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as evidence of actual practice. Naomi plans to provide security for herself and Ruth by arranging a
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Surviving manuscripts date from hundreds or thousands of years after initial authorship. The oldest
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law to marry Ruth, Mahlon's widow, to carry on his family's inheritance. Naomi sends Ruth to the
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Scholars have increasingly explored Ruth in ways which allow it to address contemporary issues.
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3294:. In LaSor, William Sanford; Hubbard, David Allan; Bush, Frederic William; et al. (eds.).
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1483:
End of the book of Ruth in
Damascus Keter, Bible. Manuscript on parchment. Burgos, Spain, 1260.
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3772:) (Creative Commons translation with in-depth introduction and extensive translation notes)
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harvest and, in order to support her mother-in-law and herself, Ruth goes to the fields to
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about scholarly perspectives on whether the contents are a historical account or fictional.
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and shows the difficulty of confirming widespread Torah-observance in the
Persian period.
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3187:. Judith A. Kates, Gail Twersky Reimer (1st ed.). New York: Ballantine Books. 1994.
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The Book of Ruth illustrates the difficulty of trying to use laws given in books such as
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Ruth. Spread your robe over your handmaid, for you are a redeeming kinsman" (3:9 NJPS).
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The book concludes with an appendix tracing the
Davidic genealogy all the way back from
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Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the
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1365:). Ruth complies. On awakening, Boaz asks her who she is, and she replies: "I am your
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Boaz, being a close relative of Naomi's husband's family, is therefore obliged by the
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1463:(550-330 BCE). The genealogy that concludes the book is believed to be a post-exilic
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3515:. In Coogan, Michael D.; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann; et al. (eds.).
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The book can be read as a political parable relating to issues around the time of
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of
Wageningen and surroundings, deported and murdered during the years 1940-1945
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Emmerson, Grace I. (2007). "11. Ruth". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.).
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The book does not name its author. It is traditionally ascribed to the prophet
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3603:
Unprotected Texts: The Bible's
Surprising Contradictions About Sex and Desire
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Old Testament Survey: The Message, Form, and Background of the Old Testament
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1836:
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3347:
A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament: The Hebrew Bible in Its Context
1499:(1008). Some fragments containing parts of this book were found among the
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3404:(first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 192–195.
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1413:, the father of David" (Ruth 4:13–17); that is, he is the grandfather of
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Act 2: Ruth Meets Boaz, Naomi's Relative, on the Harvest Field (2:1–23)
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2949:. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 42.
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at Mechon Mamre – (Jewish Publication Society of America Version, 1917)
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3642:. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans.
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1296:. Elimelech dies, and the sons marry two Moabite women: Mahlon weds
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1511:(~50 CE), and 2Q17 (~50 BCE), with only slight variations from the
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3232:"The Old Testament Story of Ruth: a Biblical Heroine for Everyone"
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Joseph S. Exell; Henry Donald Maurice Spence-Jones (Editors). The
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1986:
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2764:, pp.175-176, where it is argued that Ruth is to uncover herself.
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excluded an Ammonite or a Moabite from "the congregation of the L
1563:(5th century). The whole book of Ruth is missing from the extant
1318:
Naomi entreating Ruth and Orpah to return to the land of Moab by
1227:
Act 3: Naomi Sends Ruth to Boaz on the Threshing Floor (3:1–18)
3967:
3932:
3911:
3549:
The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants
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1942:
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Various relationships mentioned in the book form a family tree:
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The Conversion of the Foreigners between Ruth and Ezra-Nehemiah
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says that only male Moabites are banned from the congregation.
1307:
After about ten years, the two sons of Naomi also die in Moab (
1260:
3494:
Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings
1330:"The Gleaners", an engraving illustrating the Book of Ruth by
1052:
3184:
Reading Ruth : contemporary women reclaim a sacred story
1241:
Act 4: Resolution and Epilogue: Life and Fullness (4:1–22)
3138:
3136:
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Naomi and Ruth return to Bethlehem at the beginning of the
3081:. Kregel Exegetical Library. Kregel Academic. p. 13.
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A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets
1459:
A substantial number of scholars therefore date it to the
1202:
Act 1: Prologue and Problem: Death and Emptiness (1:1–22)
3732:
Bible Study on Cross-Cultural Love – InterVarsity website
1212:
Scene 3: Arrival of Naomi and Ruth in Bethlehem (1:19–22)
3153:
3151:
2797:
2795:
2793:
3578:. In Dunn, James D.G.; Rogerson, John William (eds.).
2946:
A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature
1113:) is included in the third division, or the Writings (
3695:
Ruth – English translatin [with Rashi commentary]
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Scene 2: Ruth at the threshing-floor of Boaz (3:6–15)
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3483:. Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
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1346:. As it happens, the field belongs to a man named
1175:, as is evidenced by the considerable presence of
1704:and female self-sufficiency, and as a model for
1245:Scene 1: Boaz with the men at the gate (4:1–12)
1409:, whom the reader discovers is "the father of
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8:
3758:Non-affiliated translations and study guides
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3492:. In Longman, Tremper; Enns, Peter (eds.).
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1645:(the 5th century BCE): unlike the story of
1372:Acknowledging he is a close relative, Boaz
1220:Scene 1: Ruth in the field of Boaz (2:1–17)
1199:The book is structured into four chapters.
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1714:Genealogy: the ancestry of David from Ruth
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1292: —emigrate to the nearby country of
3383:. Grand Central Publishing. p. 13.
3324:'The Book of Ruth and Blanche of Castile
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1248:Scene 2: A son is born to Ruth (4:13–17)
1237:Scene 3: Ruth reports to Naomi (3:16–18)
1223:Scene 2: Ruth reports to Naomi (2:18–23)
3701:Christian translations and study guides
3380:God and Sex: What the Bible Really Says
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1619:25:5–10). This relative was called the
1231:Scene 1: Naomi Reveals Her Plan (3:1–5)
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3620:from the original on November 11, 2023
3377:Coogan, Michael D. (October 1, 2010).
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3032:. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890.
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3707:Book of Ruth for listening on Spotify
3435:. Continuum. pp. 105 & 312.
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2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
1990:
1985:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1963:
1952:
1941:
1919:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1871:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1846:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1809:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1723:
1591:Levirate marriage and the "redeemers"
1448:had become controversial (as seen in
7:
3671:Jewish translations and study guides
3101:
2880:
2844:
2382:Verses 4:18–22 contains a genealogy
1209:Scene 2: Naomi returns home (1:6–18)
5133:Other books referenced in the Bible
5092:New Testament manuscript categories
3052:Special letters in the Hebrew Bible
1432:", through to Obed, down to David.
1109:, "the Scroll of Ruth", one of the
1102:
4663:Testaments of the Three Patriarchs
4099:The Book of Ruth: Journey of Faith
3538:. Institutul Teologic Penticostal.
3242:from the original on June 12, 2021
1394:notes for later generations that:
1206:Scene 1: Setting the scene (1:1–5)
46:The Book of Ruth: Journey of Faith
25:
3364:from the original on July 1, 2023
1543:There is also a translation into
1507:(~50 BCE), 4Q105 (30 BCE-68 CE),
3741:
3580:Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible
3477:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
3033:
1252:Genealogical appendix (4:18–22)
1057:
69:
5148:Biblical and Quranic narratives
3450:Hubbard, Robert L. Jr. (1988).
1471:running from Genesis to Kings.
3511:Leith, Mary Joan Winn (2007).
1528:, occurs in the first word of
1171:The book is held in esteem by
1:
3639:The Text of the Old Testament
3315:The HarperCollins Study Bible
3313:Atteridge, Harold W. (2006).
1580:Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld
3326:. Leiden: Alexandros Press.
2758:The Women's Bible Commentary
1680:Contemporary interpretations
1475:Oldest surviving manuscripts
1125:it is treated as one of the
3749:public domain audiobook at
3534:Mihăilă, Alexandru (2011).
3519:. Oxford University Press.
3401:The Oxford Bible Commentary
3350:. Oxford University Press.
1272:, an Israelite family from
1183:, as it is read during the
5253:
5128:English Bible translations
4516:Song of the Three Children
3075:Shepherd, Michael (2018).
29:
5166:
4163:American Standard Version
3846:
3837:
3829:
3819:
3812:
3804:
3790:
3606:. HarperOne. p. 32.
3290:Allen, Leslie C. (1996).
2694:
2692:
2661:
2659:
2628:
2626:
2595:
2593:
2562:
2560:
2529:
2527:
2496:
2494:
2463:
2461:
2430:
2428:
2268:
2266:
2147:
2145:
2026:
2024:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1994:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1917:
1913:
1911:
1905:
1903:
1875:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1813:
1811:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1755:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
43:. For the 2009 film, see
37:. For the 1960 film, see
1491:manuscripts include the
4990:Intertestamental period
3765:The Heavenly Fire: Ruth
3471:Gigot, Francis (1912).
2910:Dead sea scrolls - Ruth
1672:. Concerning this, the
1268:During the time of the
4974:Apocalyptic literature
4611:Paralipomena of Baruch
4122:Tomb of Jesse and Ruth
3685:Jewish Virtual Library
3598:Wright Knust, Jennifer
3496:. InterVarsity Press.
3215:: CS1 maint: others (
2762:The Hebrew Bible Today
1693:
1587:
1484:
1335:
1323:
1265:
1068:is missing information
988:Paralipomena of Baruch
5138:Additional Scriptures
5102:New Testament uncials
4168:World English Version
4078:(Rembrandt paintings)
3783:Catholic Encyclopedia
3574:West, Gerald (2003).
3480:Catholic Encyclopedia
3322:Bartal, Ruth (2023).
1687:
1578:
1571:Themes and background
1482:
1329:
1317:
1263:
1140:The book, written in
5217:4th-century BC books
5212:5th-century BC books
5207:6th-century BC books
5123:Bible version debate
5097:New Testament papyri
5043:Samaritan Pentateuch
4668:Testament of Abraham
4606:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
3777:Encyclopedic entries
3714:The Kinsman Redeemer
3600:(January 25, 2011).
3488:Irwin, B.P. (2008).
3474:"Book of Ruth"
1584:Ruth in Boaz's Field
1497:Codex Leningradensis
983:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
5065:Muratorian fragment
5000:New Testament canon
4995:Old Testament canon
4888:Chapters and verses
4506:Additions to Daniel
4472:Additions to Esther
3690:Jewish Encyclopedia
2941:Fitzmyer, Joseph A.
1495:(10th century) and
1405:The child is named
1388:right of redemption
1264:Hebrew text of Ruth
1129:and placed between
909:Additions to Daniel
875:Additions to Esther
4678:Testament of Jacob
4673:Testament of Isaac
4558:Prayer of Manasseh
4521:Bel and the Dragon
4501:Letter of Jeremiah
4158:King James Version
3342:Coogan, Michael D.
3145:, p. 521-522.
2738:Genealogy of Jesus
1694:
1690:71 Jewish citizens
1662:Deuteronomy 23:3–6
1588:
1561:Codex Alexandrinus
1485:
1336:
1324:
1290:Mahlon and Chilion
1266:
935:Prayer of Manasseh
904:Letter of Jeremiah
5189:
5188:
5158:Textual criticism
4721:
4720:
4645:Psalms of Solomon
4588:Orthodox Tewahedo
4176:
4175:
4091:The Story of Ruth
4049:Levirate marriage
3856:
3855:
3847:Succeeded by
3820:Succeeded by
3613:978-0-06-201082-7
3427:Grabbe, Lester L.
3390:978-0-446-57413-6
3126:Wright Knust 2011
3065:, pp. 73–74.
3030:Pulpit Commentary
2895:, pp. 36–37.
2814:Grabbe, Lester L.
2733:Levirate marriage
2719:
2718:
2379:
2378:
1702:dignity of labour
1652:The reference to
1601:levirate marriage
1469:history of Israel
1288:, and their sons
1160:, the God of the
1091:
1090:
1051:
1050:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1004:
964:Orthodox Tewahedo
890:Wisdom of Solomon
842:
841:
548:
547:
542:
541:
538:
537:
495:
494:
424:
423:
360:
359:
281:
280:
236:
235:
160:
159:
40:The Story of Ruth
27:Book of the Bible
16:(Redirected from
5244:
5237:Historical books
5038:Dead Sea Scrolls
5020:Dating the Bible
4898:Historical books
4535:Eastern Orthodox
4448:Eastern Orthodox
4436:
4429:
4203:
4196:
4189:
4180:
4153:Wycliffe Version
3882:
3875:
3868:
3859:
3830:Preceded by
3805:Preceded by
3788:
3753:Various versions
3745:
3744:
3722:– GospelHall.org
3660:
3658:
3656:
3634:Würthwein, Ernst
3629:
3627:
3625:
3593:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3539:
3530:
3507:
3490:"Ruth 4: Person"
3484:
3476:
3467:
3453:The Book of Ruth
3446:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3394:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3337:
3318:
3317:. HarperCollins.
3309:
3276:
3270:
3264:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3230:A. A., English.
3227:
3221:
3220:
3214:
3206:
3179:
3173:
3172:, p. 32-33.
3167:
3161:
3155:
3146:
3140:
3129:
3123:
3117:
3111:
3105:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3072:
3066:
3060:
3054:
3049:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3026:
3020:
3014:
3008:
2998:
2992:
2986:
2980:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2937:
2928:
2918:
2912:
2907:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2854:
2848:
2842:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2788:
2782:
2765:
2754:
2397:
2396:
1721:
1720:
1667:
1565:Codex Sinaiticus
1555:version include
1539:
1501:Dead Sea Scrolls
1127:historical books
1123:Christian canons
1104:
1086:
1083:
1077:
1061:
1053:
1043:
1036:
1029:
859:
855:
853:Deuterocanonical
729:
725:
681:
617:
573:
564:
558:
506:
443:
436:
392:
383:
378:
374:
249:
194:
183:
178:
174:
108:
103:
99:
89:
83:
73:
66:
33:The Book of Ruth
21:
5252:
5251:
5247:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5242:
5241:
5192:
5191:
5190:
5185:
5162:
5106:
5024:
5015:Christian canon
4978:
4913:Prophetic books
4876:
4807:2 Thessalonians
4802:1 Thessalonians
4717:
4684:
4649:
4620:
4582:
4541:
4527:
4455:
4427:
4426:
4418:
4229:
4225:
4216:
4207:
4177:
4172:
4126:
4105:
4058:
4027:
3916:
3891:
3886:
3852:
3840:
3835:
3825:
3810:
3800:
3793:
3742:
3668:
3663:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3632:
3623:
3621:
3614:
3596:
3590:
3573:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3542:
3533:
3527:
3510:
3504:
3487:
3470:
3464:
3449:
3443:
3425:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3397:
3391:
3376:
3367:
3365:
3358:
3340:
3334:
3321:
3312:
3306:
3289:
3285:
3280:
3279:
3271:
3267:
3259:
3255:
3245:
3243:
3236:Learn Religions
3229:
3228:
3224:
3207:
3195:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3168:
3164:
3156:
3149:
3141:
3132:
3124:
3120:
3112:
3108:
3100:
3096:
3089:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3061:
3057:
3050:
3046:
3034:
3027:
3023:
3015:
3011:
2999:
2995:
2987:
2983:
2975:
2971:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2939:
2938:
2931:
2919:
2915:
2908:
2899:
2891:
2887:
2879:
2875:
2867:
2863:
2855:
2851:
2843:
2832:
2824:
2820:
2812:
2808:
2800:
2791:
2783:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2768:
2755:
2751:
2746:
2724:
2381:
1716:
1682:
1665:
1635:
1593:
1573:
1559:(4th century),
1557:Codex Vaticanus
1533:
1522:
1518:A large letter
1477:
1438:
1359:threshing floor
1258:
1197:
1173:Jewish converts
1087:
1081:
1078:
1071:
1062:
1047:
1007:
1006:
856:
851:
844:
843:
726:
721:
714:
713:
712:
682:
677:
670:
669:
668:
618:
613:
606:
605:
604:
574:
569:
556:
544:
543:
434:
380:
376:
370:
362:
361:
356:
180:
176:
170:
162:
161:
105:
101:
95:
81:
62:
49:. For the 2017
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5250:
5248:
5240:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5194:
5193:
5187:
5186:
5184:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5167:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5160:
5155:
5153:Synod of Hippo
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5114:
5112:
5108:
5107:
5105:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5087:Masoretic Text
5084:
5079:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5034:
5032:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4986:
4984:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4971:
4970:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4944:
4943:
4942:
4937:
4927:
4926:
4925:
4923:Minor prophets
4920:
4918:Major prophets
4910:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4884:
4882:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4731:
4729:
4723:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4704:
4703:
4696:Pseudepigrapha
4692:
4690:
4689:Classification
4686:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4659:
4657:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4635:Psalms 152–155
4631:
4629:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4592:
4590:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4544:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4536:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4503:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4450:
4445:
4439:
4433:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4289:1–2 Chronicles
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4235:
4233:
4218:
4217:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4198:
4191:
4183:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4113:
4111:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4095:
4087:
4083:Naomi and Ruth
4079:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4046:
4041:
4035:
4033:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3862:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3845:
3836:
3831:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3818:
3811:
3806:
3802:
3801:
3794:
3791:
3786:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3773:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3754:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3666:External links
3664:
3662:
3661:
3648:
3630:
3612:
3594:
3588:
3571:
3558:
3546:, ed. (2010).
3544:Ulrich, Eugene
3540:
3531:
3525:
3508:
3502:
3485:
3468:
3462:
3447:
3441:
3423:
3411:978-0199277186
3410:
3395:
3389:
3374:
3356:
3338:
3332:
3319:
3310:
3304:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3275:, p. 195.
3265:
3263:, p. 699.
3253:
3222:
3193:
3174:
3162:
3160:, p. 312.
3147:
3130:
3118:
3106:
3104:, p. 210.
3094:
3088:978-0825444593
3087:
3067:
3063:Würthwein 1995
3055:
3044:
3021:
3019:, p. 192.
3009:
2993:
2991:, p. 736.
2981:
2969:
2955:
2929:
2913:
2897:
2893:Würthwein 1995
2885:
2883:, p. 211.
2873:
2871:, p. 391.
2861:
2849:
2847:, p. 209.
2830:
2828:, p. 383.
2826:Atteridge 2006
2818:
2806:
2804:, p. 105.
2789:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2728:Goel (Judaism)
2723:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2639:
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2634:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2608:
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2604:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2499:
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2489:
2487:
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2482:
2481:
2476:
2474:
2472:
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2466:
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2458:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1715:
1712:
1681:
1678:
1634:
1633:Mixed marriage
1631:
1592:
1589:
1572:
1569:
1520:
1513:Masoretic Text
1476:
1473:
1461:Persian period
1437:
1434:
1400:
1399:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1196:
1193:
1185:Jewish holiday
1156:, who accepts
1107:Megillath Ruth
1089:
1088:
1065:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1003:
1002:
1001:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
967:
966:
960:
959:
958:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
919:
918:
914:
913:
912:
911:
906:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
857:
850:
849:
846:
845:
840:
839:
838:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
774:
773:
771:Minor prophets
767:
766:
765:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
736:
735:
733:Major prophets
727:
720:
719:
716:
715:
711:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
684:
683:
676:
675:
672:
671:
667:
666:
661:
656:
651:
649:1–2 Chronicles
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
620:
619:
612:
611:
608:
607:
603:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
576:
575:
568:
567:
560:
559:
557:(Christianity)
550:
549:
546:
545:
540:
539:
536:
535:
534:Divre Hayyamim
532:
526:
525:
522:
516:
515:
512:
502:
501:
497:
496:
493:
492:
489:
483:
482:
479:
473:
472:
469:
463:
462:
459:
453:
452:
449:
439:
438:
426:
425:
422:
421:
418:
412:
411:
408:
402:
401:
398:
388:
387:
381:
368:
367:
364:
363:
358:
357:
355:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
293:
290:
289:
283:
282:
279:
278:
275:
269:
268:
265:
259:
258:
255:
245:
244:
238:
237:
234:
233:
230:
224:
223:
220:
214:
213:
210:
204:
203:
200:
190:
189:
181:
168:
167:
164:
163:
158:
157:
154:
148:
147:
144:
138:
137:
134:
128:
127:
124:
118:
117:
114:
106:
93:
92:
85:
84:
75:
74:
55:Book of Ruth (
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5249:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5165:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5109:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5077:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5060:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5031:
5027:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4981:
4975:
4972:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4948:
4945:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4931:
4928:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4914:
4911:
4908:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4879:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4770:2 Corinthians
4768:
4766:
4765:1 Corinthians
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4728:
4727:New Testament
4724:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4708:New Testament
4706:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4623:
4617:
4616:Broader canon
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4585:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4530:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4425:
4421:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4329:Song of Songs
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4227:Old Testament
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4204:
4199:
4197:
4192:
4190:
4185:
4184:
4181:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4148:Latin Vulgate
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4101:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4054:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3919:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3883:
3878:
3876:
3871:
3869:
3864:
3863:
3860:
3851:
3844:
3843:
3842:Old Testament
3834:
3828:
3824:
3817:
3816:
3809:
3808:Song of Songs
3803:
3799:
3798:
3797:History books
3792:Book of Ruth
3789:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3651:
3649:0-8028-0788-7
3645:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3631:
3619:
3615:
3609:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3589:9780802837110
3585:
3581:
3577:
3572:
3561:
3559:9789004181830
3555:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3532:
3528:
3526:9780195288803
3522:
3518:
3514:
3509:
3505:
3503:9780830817832
3499:
3495:
3491:
3486:
3482:
3481:
3475:
3469:
3465:
3463:9780802825261
3459:
3455:
3454:
3448:
3444:
3442:9780567089984
3438:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3424:
3413:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3382:
3381:
3375:
3363:
3359:
3357:9780195332728
3353:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3333:9789490387129
3329:
3325:
3320:
3316:
3311:
3307:
3305:9780802837882
3301:
3297:
3293:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3274:
3273:Emmerson 2007
3269:
3266:
3262:
3257:
3254:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3226:
3223:
3218:
3212:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3194:0-345-38033-9
3190:
3186:
3185:
3178:
3175:
3171:
3166:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3128:, p. 32.
3127:
3122:
3119:
3116:, p. 13.
3115:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3098:
3095:
3090:
3084:
3080:
3079:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3048:
3045:
3041:
3040:public domain
3031:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3017:Emmerson 2007
3013:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2985:
2982:
2979:, p. 42.
2978:
2977:Fitzmyer 2008
2973:
2970:
2958:
2956:9780802862419
2952:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2865:
2862:
2859:, p. 23.
2858:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2822:
2819:
2815:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2781:
2778:
2771:
2763:
2759:
2753:
2750:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2701:
2699:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2668:
2666:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2635:
2633:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2602:
2600:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2569:
2567:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2536:
2534:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2503:
2501:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2437:
2435:
2419:
2417:
2408:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2376:
2329:
2319:
2317:
2257:
2255:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2136:
2134:
2087:
2077:
2075:
2015:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1988:
1977:
1966:
1955:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1915:
1909:
1907:
1901:
1899:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1849:
1838:
1808:
1805:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1753:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1691:
1686:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1648:
1647:Ezra–Nehemiah
1644:
1640:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1547:known as the
1546:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1481:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1446:intermarriage
1443:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1333:
1328:
1321:
1320:William Blake
1316:
1312:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1300:and Chilion,
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1262:
1255:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1236:
1233:
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1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1111:Five Megillot
1108:
1103:מְגִלַּת רוּת
1100:
1096:
1085:
1075:
1069:
1066:This article
1064:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1014:
999:
998:Broader canon
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
970:
969:
968:
965:
961:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
922:
921:
920:
917:Orthodox only
915:
910:
907:
905:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
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854:
848:
847:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
777:
776:
775:
772:
768:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
739:
738:
737:
734:
730:
724:
718:
717:
709:
708:Song of Songs
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
685:
680:
674:
673:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
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635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
621:
616:
610:
609:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
577:
572:
566:
565:
562:
561:
555:
554:Old Testament
551:
533:
531:
527:
523:
521:
520:Ezra–Nehemiah
517:
513:
511:
507:
504:
503:
498:
490:
488:
484:
480:
478:
474:
470:
468:
464:
460:
458:
454:
451:Shir Hashirim
450:
448:
447:Song of Songs
444:
441:
440:
437:
433:
427:
419:
417:
413:
409:
407:
403:
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384:
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366:
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155:
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149:
145:
143:
139:
135:
133:
129:
125:
123:
119:
115:
113:
109:
104:
102:(Instruction)
98:
91:
90:
87:
86:
80:
76:
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
58:
53:episode, see
52:
48:
47:
42:
41:
36:
34:
19:
5202:Book of Ruth
5076:Vetus Latina
5074:
5057:
5010:Jewish canon
5005:Antilegomena
4907:Poetic Books
4903:Wisdom books
4881:Subdivisions
4794:
4499: /
4424:Deuterocanon
4344:Lamentations
4324:Ecclesiastes
4273:
4231:(protocanon)
4222:Hebrew Bible
4138:Hebrew Bible
4097:
4089:
4081:
4074:
4070:
3889:Book of Ruth
3888:
3838:
3823:Lamentations
3815:Hebrew Bible
3813:
3795:
3764:
3747:Book of Ruth
3727:Biblegateway
3720:Online Bible
3719:
3677:
3653:. Retrieved
3638:
3622:. Retrieved
3602:
3582:. Eerdmans.
3579:
3563:. Retrieved
3548:
3535:
3516:
3493:
3478:
3456:. Eerdmans.
3452:
3431:
3415:. Retrieved
3400:
3379:
3368:November 28,
3366:. Retrieved
3346:
3323:
3314:
3298:. Eerdmans.
3295:
3283:Bibliography
3268:
3256:
3244:. Retrieved
3235:
3225:
3183:
3177:
3170:Mihăilă 2011
3165:
3121:
3109:
3097:
3077:
3070:
3058:
3047:
3024:
3012:
2996:
2984:
2972:
2962:February 15,
2960:. Retrieved
2945:
2916:
2888:
2876:
2864:
2857:Hubbard 1988
2852:
2821:
2809:
2787:, p. 8.
2780:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2394:with names.
2380:
1953:
1717:
1710:
1695:
1651:
1636:
1627:
1620:
1614:
1594:
1583:
1542:
1535:
1525:
1517:
1493:Aleppo Codex
1486:
1458:
1439:
1419:
1404:
1401:
1383:ploni almoni
1381:
1379:
1371:
1352:
1337:
1334:(1832–1883).
1332:Gustave Doré
1306:
1267:
1251:
1240:
1226:
1215:
1201:
1198:
1181:liturgically
1170:
1139:
1119:Hebrew Bible
1106:
1095:Book of Ruth
1094:
1092:
1079:
1067:
1017:Bible portal
902: /
752:Lamentations
703:Ecclesiastes
633:
477:Ecclesiastes
467:Lamentations
456:
431:
371:
171:
96:
79:Hebrew Bible
63:
56:
50:
45:
39:
32:
18:Ruth 4:18–22
5181:WikiProject
5059:Diatessaron
5030:Manuscripts
4983:Development
4785:Philippians
4655:Beta Israel
4573:4 Maccabees
4568:3 Maccabees
4482:2 Maccabees
4477:1 Maccabees
4259:Deuteronomy
4117:Ruth Rabbah
3655:January 26,
3417:February 6,
3158:Grabbe 2004
3114:Coogan 2010
3003:, pp.
3001:Ulrich 2010
2989:Ulrich 2010
2921:Ulrich 2010
2802:Grabbe 2004
2785:Coogan 2008
1617:Deuteronomy
1597:Deuteronomy
1545:Koine Greek
1436:Composition
1284:, his wife
1278:Ephrathites
1191:("Weeks").
1144:during the
1082:August 2024
950:4 Maccabees
945:3 Maccabees
885:2 Maccabees
880:1 Maccabees
600:Deuteronomy
152:Deuteronomy
5196:Categories
5118:Authorship
5048:Septuagint
4893:Pentateuch
4872:Revelation
4796:Laodiceans
4790:Colossians
4279:1–2 Samuel
4143:Septuagint
3850:1–2 Samuel
3261:Irwin 2008
3143:Allen 1996
2923:, p.
2869:Leith 2007
2772:References
1553:Septuagint
1549:Septuagint
1532:- לִינִי (
1415:King David
1166:Pentateuch
1162:Israelites
1121:. In most
1117:), of the
639:1–2 Samuel
615:Historical
571:Pentateuch
530:Chronicles
500:Historical
377:(Writings)
177:(Prophets)
4957:Johannine
4817:2 Timothy
4812:1 Timothy
4780:Ephesians
4775:Galatians
4563:Psalm 151
4431:apocrypha
4409:Zechariah
4399:Zephaniah
4284:1–2 Kings
4249:Leviticus
4086:(cantata)
3943:Elimelech
3928:Amminadab
3903:Bethlehem
3839:Christian
3624:August 8,
3552:. Brill.
3211:cite book
3102:West 2003
2881:West 2003
2845:West 2003
2512:Amminadab
1837:Elimelech
1698:Feminists
1606:euphemism
1530:Ruth 3:13
1526:majuscula
1282:Elimelech
1280:) —
1276:(who are
1274:Bethlehem
1195:Structure
1074:talk page
940:Psalm 151
830:Zechariah
820:Zephaniah
723:Prophetic
644:1–2 Kings
590:Leviticus
435:(Scrolls)
347:Zechariah
337:Zephaniah
277:Yekhezqel
267:Yirmeyahu
257:Yeshayahu
132:Leviticus
82:(Judaism)
5171:Category
5070:Peshitta
4967:Catholic
4962:Pastoral
4947:Epistles
4940:Synoptic
4827:Philemon
4640:2 Baruch
4627:Peshitta
4601:Jubilees
4553:2 Esdras
4548:1 Esdras
4443:Catholic
4394:Habakkuk
4339:Jeremiah
4319:Proverbs
4299:Nehemiah
4110:See also
3751:LibriVox
3737:Redeemed
3636:(1995).
3618:Archived
3429:(2004).
3362:Archived
3344:(2008).
3246:June 12,
3240:Archived
3203:30070674
2943:(2008).
2722:See also
2386:(son of
1658:idolatry
1643:Nehemiah
1610:genitals
1503:, i.e.,
1465:Priestly
1456:13:1).
1454:Nehemiah
1452:9:1 and
1428:bore to
1424:, "whom
1392:Ruth 4:7
1367:handmaid
1355:levirate
1135:1 Samuel
993:Josippon
978:Jubilees
930:2 Esdras
925:1 Esdras
815:Habakkuk
747:Jeremiah
698:Proverbs
659:Nehemiah
514:Daniyyel
432:Megillot
406:Proverbs
400:Tehillim
332:Habakkuk
263:Jeremiah
232:Melakhim
212:Shofetim
202:Yehoshua
146:Bemidbar
116:Bereshit
5232:Shavuot
5222:Ketuvim
5143:Studies
5111:Related
5082:Vulgate
4952:Pauline
4930:Gospels
4847:2 Peter
4842:1 Peter
4832:Hebrews
4735:Matthew
4625:Syriac
4511:Susanna
4414:Malachi
4374:Obadiah
4349:Ezekiel
4254:Numbers
4239:Genesis
4212:of the
4131:Sources
3978:Nahshon
3963:Chilion
3565:May 15,
2545:Nahshon
1976:Chilion
1706:lesbian
1674:Mishnah
1374:blesses
1256:Summary
1189:Shavuot
1150:Moabite
1146:Persian
1115:Ketuvim
835:Malachi
795:Obadiah
757:Ezekiel
595:Numbers
580:Genesis
481:Qohelet
410:Mishlei
372:Ketuvim
352:Malachi
312:Obadiah
273:Ezekiel
222:Shemuel
172:Nevi'im
156:Devarim
142:Numbers
136:Wayiqra
112:Genesis
35:(novel)
5176:Portal
5053:Targum
4862:3 John
4857:2 John
4852:1 John
4760:Romans
4713:Jewish
4538:Others
4497:Baruch
4492:Sirach
4487:Wisdom
4467:Judith
4452:Others
4404:Haggai
4354:Daniel
4334:Isaiah
4314:Psalms
4304:Esther
4269:Judges
4264:Joshua
4244:Exodus
4102:(film)
4094:(film)
4063:In art
4053:Yibbum
4044:Judges
4018:Salmon
4003:Rachel
3973:Mahlon
3948:Hezron
3921:People
3833:Judges
3646:
3610:
3586:
3576:"Ruth"
3556:
3523:
3513:"Ruth"
3500:
3460:
3439:
3408:
3387:
3354:
3330:
3302:
3292:"Ruth"
3201:
3191:
3085:
2953:
2578:Salmon
2446:Hezron
1965:Mahlon
1660:, and
1586:, 1828
1489:Hebrew
1442:Samuel
1340:barley
1322:, 1795
1270:judges
1158:Yahweh
1152:woman
1142:Hebrew
1131:Judges
1099:Hebrew
900:Baruch
895:Sirach
870:Judith
825:Haggai
762:Daniel
742:Isaiah
693:Psalms
679:Wisdom
664:Esther
629:Judges
624:Joshua
585:Exodus
510:Daniel
487:Esther
471:Eikhah
396:Psalms
386:Poetic
375:
342:Haggai
287:Minor
253:Isaiah
242:Latter
218:Samuel
208:Judges
198:Joshua
187:Former
175:
126:Shemot
122:Exodus
100:
4837:James
4822:Titus
4596:Enoch
4462:Tobit
4389:Nahum
4384:Micah
4379:Jonah
4359:Hosea
4214:Bible
4210:Books
4032:Terms
4023:Tamar
3998:Perez
3993:Orpah
3983:Naomi
3958:Judah
3953:Jesse
3938:David
3907:Judah
3896:Place
3007:–738.
2744:Notes
2710:David
2677:Jesse
2407:Perez
2392:David
2390:) to
2388:Judah
2384:Perez
2328:David
2207:Jesse
1987:Orpah
1848:Naomi
1670:David
1604:as a
1536:lî-nî
1505:4Q104
1430:Judah
1426:Tamar
1422:Perez
1411:Jesse
1344:glean
1302:Orpah
1286:Naomi
973:Enoch
865:Tobit
810:Nahum
805:Micah
800:Jonah
780:Hosea
491:Ester
430:Five
327:Nahum
322:Micah
317:Jonah
297:Hosea
228:Kings
97:Torah
57:Ozark
51:Ozark
5227:Moab
4935:List
4867:Jude
4755:Acts
4750:John
4745:Luke
4740:Mark
4701:list
4578:Odes
4369:Amos
4364:Joel
4294:Ezra
4274:Ruth
4075:Ruth
4073:and
4071:Boaz
4039:Goel
4013:Ruth
3988:Obed
3968:Leah
3933:Boaz
3912:Moab
3678:Ruth
3657:2019
3644:ISBN
3626:2021
3608:ISBN
3584:ISBN
3567:2017
3554:ISBN
3521:ISBN
3498:ISBN
3458:ISBN
3437:ISBN
3419:2019
3406:ISBN
3385:ISBN
3370:2021
3352:ISBN
3328:ISBN
3300:ISBN
3248:2021
3217:link
3199:OCLC
3189:ISBN
3083:ISBN
2964:2019
2951:ISBN
2644:Obed
2611:Boaz
2086:Obed
1954:Ruth
1943:Boaz
1654:Moab
1641:and
1639:Ezra
1622:goel
1608:for
1524:, a
1509:2Q16
1450:Ezra
1407:Obed
1348:Boaz
1298:Ruth
1294:Moab
1177:Boaz
1154:Ruth
1133:and
1093:The
955:Odes
790:Amos
785:Joel
654:Ezra
634:Ruth
524:Ezra
457:Ruth
420:Iyov
307:Amos
302:Joel
4428:and
4309:Job
4008:Ram
3770:PDF
3005:736
2925:735
2479:Ram
1666:ORD
1363:3:4
1309:1:4
1187:of
688:Job
461:Rut
416:Job
5198::
3905:,
3616:.
3360:.
3238:.
3234:.
3213:}}
3209:{{
3197:.
3150:^
3133:^
2932:^
2900:^
2833:^
2792:^
1612:.
1582::
1567:.
1515:.
1417:.
1304:.
1137:.
1105:,
1101::
4909:)
4905:(
4224:/
4202:e
4195:t
4188:v
4055:)
4051:(
3881:e
3874:t
3867:v
3768:(
3659:.
3628:.
3592:.
3569:.
3529:.
3506:.
3466:.
3445:.
3421:.
3393:.
3372:.
3336:.
3308:.
3250:.
3219:)
3205:.
3091:.
3042:.
2966:.
2927:.
1521:נ
1097:(
1084:)
1080:(
1076:.
1042:e
1035:t
1028:v
61:.
59:)
20:)
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