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423:(NCAI) and soon emerged as a leader. She was appointed as the executive secretary of the organization and spent a decade monitoring legislative issues. She also established the NCAI's legislative news service. During this period, she spoke at numerous tribal meetings throughout the country, promoting Native American progress. Bronson advocated such issues as native water rights along the Colorado River, native rights in the
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333:, China for an international youth conference as part of a YWCA delegation. She was one of the first Native American women to serve as a student delegate abroad. The trip, which included stops in "Hawaii, Manchuria, Japan, Korea and Hong Kong." brought Muskrat to the attention of the international press. She was inspired to work for racial equality.
393:, the second woman to have received the award since its inception. She had previously been nominated for the award in its inaugural year in 1933. Bronson was in charge of distributing government loans and scholarships for students, as well as helping them find jobs. She worked at the BIA until 1943.
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in 1972, Bronson slowed, but did not stop her activism for Native
Americans. She advocated their determining their own development and leadership programs. In 1978, Bronson was among recipients of the National Indian Child Conference's merit award for commitment to improving children's quality of
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as an eighth grade teacher, and then as head of the college placement bureau. Muskrat was well loved among her students because of her sense of humor and her commitment to sharing the Native
American culture to her students. Ruth Muskrat would constantly remind her students to have pride in their
378:
Prize in 1926 for best use of her college education in the first year graduation. Throughout the 1920's, Bronson advocated for an education for Native
Americans that was not assimilationist, but for one that would allow for "preservation of 'what was best' in Native cultures." "The Serpent" is a
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The following year, Muskrat delivered an appeal to the United States
President Coolidge for better educational facilities for Native Americans. She made the presentation at a gathering of Native American leaders, which was known as the "Committee of One Hundred", to advise President Coolidge on
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389:(BIA) created a new program to improve educational opportunities for Native Americans. Bronson was appointed as the first Guidance and Placement Officer of the bureau and tasked with helping graduates find viable employment. In 1937, she was awarded the Indian Achievement Medal of the
427:, and gaining quality medical care for American Indians. After ten years of serving as executive secretary, in 1955 Bronson was elected as treasurer of the NCAI. Tired of the contentiousness of national politics, she focused on ways to work directly with local communities.
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Bronson also revolutionized gender norms in the
Cherokee Nation, as she followed the ways of male leaders by dressing in what looked good to her and what would get her into places that she wanted to go.
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She moved to Tucson. In 1963, Bronson became the national program chairman of the
Community Development Foundation’s American Indian section. The organization operated under the umbrella of the
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ARROW Organization. She managed the education loan and scholarship fund of the organization, as well as advising tribes on community development. In 1962, Bronson was awarded the
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Bronson spent a few years out of the workforce raising her daughter. During this period, she wrote and published several books and articles, including
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poet, educator and Indian rights activist. After completing her education, Bronson became the first
Guidance and Placement Officer of the
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176:. She continued working for Native American rights, promoting their development and leadership in the private sector until her death.
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298:. Financial hardship forced her to stop classes, and she taught for two years to earn sufficient funds to continue her schooling.
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American Indian policy. Muskrat advocated that
Indians be involved in solving their own problems. Moved by her speech, President
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After a decade of work in
Washington, D.C., Bronson moved to Arizona. There she served as a health education specialist for the
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The Red Man in the United States: An
Intimate Study of the Social, Economic, and Religious Life of the American Indian
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438:(part of the Department of Health and Human Services). During the same period, she served as a vice president of the
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On behalf of “The Committee of One Hundred”, Ruth Muskrat Bronson presents Gustavus Elmer Emmanuel Lindquist′s book
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short story written by Bronson in 1925 which "challenges federal policy during the allotment period."
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to Ida Lenora (née Kelly), an Irish-English transplant from Missouri, and James Ezekial Muskrat, a
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1568:"Montana Indian Tribes Will Honor Ruth Muskrat Bronson at Annual Meeting of T.B. Association"
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Wollock, Jeffery (December 31, 1997). "PROTAGONISM EMERGENT: Indians and Higher Education".
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In 1957, Bronson moved to Arizona, where she served as a health education specialist at the
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1322:. Vol. 5. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 80–82.
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Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary Completing the Twentieth Century
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heritage with her phrase "Indians are people too, don't forget that." She won the
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317:. Her report on her organizing efforts earned her a scholarship to attend the
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for her work serving Native Americans and retired from government service.
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Changing Is Not Vanishing: A Collection of American Indian Poetry to 1930
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In 1928, Muskrat married John F. Bronson and they adopted a native girl.
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161:, which was founded in 1944, and created their legislative news service.
826:"Re-membering cherokee justice in ruth muskrat bronson's "the serpent""
555:
Lindquist, Gustavus Elmer Emanuel. "The red man in the United States".
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330:
1601:. Chicago Heights, Illinois: The Chicago Heights Star. July 27, 1926
757:"Mount Holyoke Alumna Embraced Both Parts of Her Cultural Identity"
395:
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1374:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press.
728:"Ruth Muskrat's Speech to President Coolidge, December 13, 1923"
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1299:(2nd ed.). New York, New York: Routledge. pp. 55–56.
1278:(2nd ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Millar Publishing Company.
1179:. New York, New York: Home Missions Council of North America.
1771:. Van Buren, Missouri: The Current Local. AP. August 31, 1933
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The National Congress of American Indians: The Founding Years
419:
In 1945, Bronson began working with the recently established
168:. Upon her retirement from the government, she received the
1219:. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. p.
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1714:"Ruth Muskrat Bronson, 84; A Specialist in Indian Affairs"
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from Georgia to Indian Territory in the late 1830s during
1421:"Chino one of Indian leaders receiving NICC merit Awards"
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1543:. Brook, Indiana: The Brook Reporter. December 21, 1923
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1541:"Miss Ruth Muskrat, Indian Girl, Dines at White House"
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Indians of today. Sponsored by the Indian Council Fire
1103:"It's only right - cherokees writing cherokee history"
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242:. Her ancestors (through her father) had traveled the
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286:, graduating in 1916. She furthered her education at
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Ruth Margaret Muskrat was born on October 3, 1897 in
1658:. Winston-Salem, North Carolina. AP. March 31, 1922
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1516:. Iola, Kansas: The Iola Register. January 9, 1931
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1683:"Ruth Muskrat Is Appointed Guide of Indian Girls"
1295:. In Bataille, Gretchen M.; Lisa, Laurie (eds.).
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1452:"Indians Conclude 21st Convention Make Requests"
1297:Native American Women: A Biographical Dictionary
1339:"Cherokee Gets Irish Up and Fights for Indians"
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369:After graduation, Muskrat began working at the
321:, where she studied for three more semesters.
503:"G.E.E Lindquist Native American Photographs"
262:, applied allotment of communal lands to the
16:American Cherokee poet, educator and activist
8:
1144:"Ruth Bronson Featured in Poetry Newsletter"
274:At the age of fourteen, Muskrat enrolled in
157:. She served as executive secretary for the
137:first Guidance and Placement Officer of the
1650:"Ruth Muskrat, Indian Girl, Going to China"
448:Department of Health, Education and Welfare
174:Department of Health, Education and Welfare
1318:. In Ware, Susan; Braukman, Stacy (eds.).
531:Lindquist, Gustavus Elmer Emanuel (1923).
31:
20:
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1008:
414:Shall We Repeat Indian History in Alaska?
1722:. New York City, New York. June 24, 1982
1198:. New York, New York: Friendship Press.
149:(October 3, 1897 – June 12, 1982) was a
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1769:"Who is the Greatest Indian of Today?"
1337:Kuehlthau, Marge (November 22, 1963).
1150:. Riverside Cemetery. November 7, 2021
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421:National Congress of American Indians
353:In 1923, she enrolled as a junior in
159:National Congress of American Indians
7:
1899:20th-century Native American writers
432:San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation
1879:20th-century American women writers
1736:"Tucsonian Honored For Indian Work"
1390:"Achievement Medal to Ruth Muskrat"
1238:de Armond, Bob (November 1, 1954).
296:Northeastern State Teachers College
213:Committee of 100 on Indian Affaires
1904:20th-century Native American women
469:Bronson died on June 12, 1982, in
14:
1744:. Tucson, Arizona. April 13, 1962
1483:"Indians Press River Water Claim"
1368:Parker, Robert Dale, ed. (2011).
301:In 1919, Muskrat enrolled at the
1894:Northern Oklahoma College alumni
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1272:Gridley, Marion Eleanor (1947).
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280:Oklahoma Institute of Technology
190:The Red Man In The United States
39:The Red Man In The United States
1864:20th-century American educators
1628:. South Hadley, Massachusetts:
1514:"Miss Muskrat in Gov't Service"
1245:The Fairbanks Daily News-Miner
1192:Bronson, Ruth Muskrat (1944).
1173:Bronson, Ruth Muskrat (1945).
842:10.5250/amerindiquar.44.1.0036
1:
1849:Cherokee Nation women writers
824:Cavanaugh, Alexander (2020).
507:Columbia University Libraries
1889:Mount Holyoke College alumni
1844:People from Indian Territory
1314:Harvey, Gretchen G. (2004).
1291:Harvey, Gretchen G. (2003).
455:Save the Children Federation
311:Mescalero Apache Reservation
309:and was sent to work on the
1884:20th-century American poets
1859:Indigenous rights activists
1394:The Miami Daily News-Record
1148:www.riversidecemeteryct.org
914:The Miami Daily News-Record
232:Delaware Nation Reservation
202:Society of American Indians
69:Delaware Nation Reservation
1920:
1423:. Alamogordo, New Mexico:
1211:Cowger, Thomas W. (2001).
871:Mount Holyoke College 2016
400:Ruth Muskrat Bronson, 1947
1655:The Winston-Salem Journal
1425:The Alamogordo Daily News
1176:The Church in Indian Life
1088:The Alamogordo Daily News
830:American Indian Quarterly
695:The Winston-Salem Journal
410:The Church in Indian Life
329:In 1922, Muskrat went to
219:, Ruth Muskrat, and Rev.
30:
1741:The Tucson Daily Citizen
1687:The Escanaba Daily Press
1487:The Reno Evening Gazette
1343:The Tucson Daily Citizen
1037:The Tucson Daily Citizen
995:The Reno Evening Gazette
899:The Escanaba Daily Press
810:The Chicago Heights Star
387:Bureau of Indian Affairs
325:Committee of One Hundred
155:Bureau of Indian Affairs
139:Bureau of Indian Affairs
1854:Cherokee Nation writers
1316:"Bronson, Ruth Muskrat"
1293:"Bronson, Ruth Muskrat"
539:George H. Doran Company
446:Service Award from the
196:; on the right is Rev.
172:Service Award from the
1689:. AP. January 27, 1931
1685:. Escanaba, Michigan:
1632:. 2016. Archived from
1626:"Ruth Muskrat Bronson"
1572:The Independent Record
1195:Indians are People Too
980:The Independent Record
576:Cite journal requires
479:Waterbury, Connecticut
406:Indians are People Too
401:
303:University of Oklahoma
258:, an amendment of the
223:
205:
118:Indian rights activist
37:Ruth Muskrat, holding
1869:Native American poets
1630:Mount Holyoke College
1240:"A Northern Notebook"
1117:– via ProQuest.
860:– via ProQuest.
765:Mount Holyoke College
736:Mount Holyoke College
436:Indian Health Service
399:
355:Mount Holyoke College
288:Henry Kendall College
264:Five Civilized Tribes
211:
187:
166:Indian Health Service
51:Ruth Margaret Muskrat
1874:American women poets
1820:at Wikimedia Commons
1803:Ruth Muskrat Bronson
1499:Newspaperarchive.com
1454:. Roseburg, Oregon:
1437:Newspaperarchive.com
1396:. September 21, 1937
734:. South Hadley, MA:
473:and was interred at
319:University of Kansas
204:, December 13, 1923.
200:, co-founder of the
192:(1919) to President
147:Ruth Muskrat Bronson
25:Ruth Muskrat Bronson
1570:. Helena, Montana:
1489:. December 11, 1953
1458:. September 6, 1955
1392:. Miami, Oklahoma:
1341:. Tucson, Arizona:
1248:. Fairbanks, Alaska
761:Alumnae Association
732:Alumnae Association
543:Free, Public Domain
511:Columbia University
425:Territory of Alaska
391:Indian Council Fire
41:, December 13, 1923
1719:The New York Times
1427:. December 1, 1978
1129:The New York Times
1109:. March 31, 1999.
713:The Brook Reporter
475:Riverside Cemetery
402:
359:Modernist movement
276:preparatory school
256:Curtis Act of 1898
224:
215:, with President
206:
1816:Media related to
1636:on August 4, 2016
1574:. August 26, 1948
1381:978-0-8122-0006-5
1329:978-0-674-01488-6
1306:978-1-135-95587-8
1107:Cherokee Advocate
929:The Current Local
884:The Iola Register
537:. New York City:
371:Haskell Institute
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126:Years active
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376:Henry Morgenthau
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221:Sherman Coolidge
198:Sherman Coolidge
170:Oveta Culp Hobby
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349:Later education
339:Calvin Coolidge
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270:Early education
217:Calvin Coolidge
194:Calvin Coolidge
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151:Cherokee Nation
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91:Tucson, Arizona
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1699:Newspapers.com
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1668:Newspapers.com
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1611:Newspapers.com
1599:"Ruth Muskrat"
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1584:Newspapers.com
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1009:de Armond 1954
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969:, p. 175.
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83:June 12, 1982
82:
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74:
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66:
49:
45:
40:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1818:Ruth Muskrat
1807:Find a Grave
1779:– via
1773:. Retrieved
1752:– via
1746:. Retrieved
1739:
1724:. Retrieved
1717:
1697:– via
1691:. Retrieved
1666:– via
1660:. Retrieved
1653:
1638:. Retrieved
1634:the original
1609:– via
1603:. Retrieved
1582:– via
1576:. Retrieved
1551:– via
1545:. Retrieved
1524:– via
1518:. Retrieved
1497:– via
1491:. Retrieved
1466:– via
1460:. Retrieved
1435:– via
1429:. Retrieved
1404:– via
1398:. Retrieved
1370:
1352:– via
1346:. Retrieved
1319:
1296:
1274:
1256:– via
1250:. Retrieved
1243:
1214:
1194:
1175:
1166:Bibliography
1152:. Retrieved
1147:
1138:
1128:
1123:
1106:
1097:
1092:, p. 9.
1087:
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1058:
1046:
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1021:
1016:
1011:, p. 7.
1004:
994:
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974:
962:
955:Bronson 1945
950:
943:Bronson 1944
938:
933:, p. 6.
928:
923:
918:, p. 7.
913:
908:
903:, p. 6.
898:
893:
888:, p. 1.
883:
878:
866:
833:
829:
819:
814:, p. 8.
809:
804:
795:
789:
768:. Retrieved
760:
751:
739:. Retrieved
731:
722:
717:, p. 6.
712:
699:, p. 5.
694:
689:
617:Gridley 1947
569:cite journal
550:
542:
533:
526:
514:. Retrieved
506:
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412:(1945), and
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85:(1982-06-12)
38:
18:
1839:1982 deaths
1834:1897 births
1075:Harvey 2004
1051:Parker 2011
967:Cowger 2001
682:Parker 2011
663:Harvey 2003
648:Harvey 2004
598:Harvey 2004
228:White Water
106:Occupations
98:Nationality
65:White Water
1828:Categories
858:2396316102
485:References
457:. After a
315:New Mexico
180:Early life
57:1897-10-03
1775:August 4,
1748:August 4,
1726:August 3,
1693:August 4,
1662:August 4,
1640:August 4,
1605:August 4,
1578:August 4,
1547:August 4,
1520:August 4,
1493:August 4,
1462:August 4,
1431:August 4,
1400:August 4,
1348:August 4,
1284:616116891
1252:August 4,
1204:609271119
1154:March 12,
1115:362606939
850:216236334
836:: 36–58.
561:160452584
490:Citations
260:Dawes Act
254:when the
230:, on the
1185:57142222
1111:ProQuest
854:ProQuest
798:(4): 12.
791:ProQuest
770:April 9,
741:April 8,
516:April 8,
434:for the
416:(1947).
408:(1944),
240:Cherokee
115:educator
101:American
294:and at
284:Tonkawa
278:at the
129:1925–82
1378:
1326:
1303:
1282:
1227:
1202:
1183:
1113:
856:
848:
559:
462:life.
459:stroke
365:Career
331:Peking
252:nation
846:S2CID
557:S2CID
343:Grace
292:Tulsa
1777:2016
1750:2016
1728:2016
1695:2016
1664:2016
1642:2016
1607:2016
1580:2016
1549:2016
1522:2016
1495:2016
1464:2016
1433:2016
1402:2016
1376:ISBN
1350:2016
1324:ISBN
1301:ISBN
1280:OCLC
1254:2016
1225:ISBN
1200:OCLC
1181:OCLC
1156:2023
1131:1982
1090:1978
1039:1962
1024:1955
997:1953
982:1948
931:1933
916:1937
901:1931
886:1931
812:1926
772:2021
743:2021
715:1923
697:1922
582:help
518:2021
307:YWCA
112:Poet
80:Died
47:Born
1805:at
1221:175
838:doi
477:in
313:in
290:in
282:in
234:in
1830::
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1652:.
1242:.
1223:.
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852:.
844:.
834:44
832:.
828:.
796:14
794:.
780:^
763:.
759:.
730:.
704:^
670:^
655:^
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573::
571:}}
567:{{
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584:)
580:(
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520:.
59:)
55:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
