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501:) in area and was surrounded by massive walls, forming an almost perfect square. However, the north and south walls were constructed differently. The north wall was built by separate gangs of labourers, while the south wall seems to have been built as a single unit, suggesting that the north wall was built after the south wall. In some places, the walls reached over 25 feet (8 m) in height, and were built of small ashlar and double-tile courses. The main entrance of the fort was in the west wall. The walls stand to a great height and were of such high quality that they only recently needed repointing.
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An amphitheatre has been visible as a hummock, roughly a 5 minutes' walk from the main site. It had a capacity of 5000 spectators. Excavations in 2021 have revealed that the amphitheatre and the settlement are likely to have continued in use from the invasion to the end of Roman rule in the early 5th
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in 43 AD as the first defensive barrier dating from this period has been discovered at the site in the form of twin V-shaped ditches of at least 650 m length and parallel to the Roman coastline. These would have protected the invasion beachhead and supply depot. The crossing would have exploited one
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Excavations carried out in late 2008 of a 90 m (300 ft) section of Roman wall uncovered the original Roman coastline along with the remains of a medieval dock. The discovery and excavation of the beach itself has pinpointed its geographical relationship to the site's earthworks, proving
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There exists an unexplained structure at
Richborough that is believed to be a font. Today, this structure is almost entirely destroyed. The hexagonal font discovered during the excavations at Richborough suggests that baptisms could have been a function of this church. The church was probably
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Earth fortifications were first dug on the site in the 1st century, probably for a storage depot and bridgehead for the Roman army. The site expanded into a major civilian and commercial town, and the stone Saxon Shore fort was added around the year 277. The later fort is believed to have been
424:. Almost 25 m (82 ft) high, it had a facade of high quality, Italian granite and was adorned with sculptures and inscriptions, and must have been built by the Emperor. Standing as it did between the port and the province, passage through the arch signified formal entry into
482:, a series of forts built by the Romans along the Channel on the English and French coasts possibly to guard against invading Saxon pirates. Construction of the fort here is believed to have started in 277 and been completed in 285. This involved the demolition and reuse as
420:, one of the biggest in the Roman Empire, was erected in about AD 85 straddling Watling Street, the main road from Richborough to London. Its position and size suggest it may have been built to celebrate the final conquest of Britain after Agricola's victory at the
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Richborough site plan showing the ancient shore-line. The black cross marks the surviving roadways through a four-sided monumental arch, thought to have been demolished by the Romans themselves. South of the cross there is now a rebuilt wooden gateway from the 43 AD
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century. Vivid red and blue paint was found on the arena wall, the first for any Roman amphitheatre in
Britain. A room, or cell, with walls almost 2 m high, used to hold wild animals, criminals or gladiators before entry in the arena was also found.
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In addition, the on-site museum has been refurbished to display some of the many finds from
Richborough, a location which saw both the very beginning and the very end of Roman rule in Britain.
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White, Donald. Litus
Saxonicum; The British Saxon Shore in Scholarship and History, page 36. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin for Dept. of History, University of Wisconsin, 1961.
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438:). Only the foundations and mound of the Richborough arch are still visible. It was demolished by the Romans themselves, apparently to provide building materials for the later
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During the decline of the Roman Empire, Richborough was eventually abandoned by the Romans and the site was later occupied by a Saxon religious settlement.
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of the shortest routes over the
English Channel. However, other explicit details on the site of the Claudian invasion have not survived and its location is
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Excavations from 2021 have focussed on the amphitheatre situated 300 m south west of the fort, where unique painted walls have been found.
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In the interior of the fort most buildings were of timber though some were stone. A stone central rectangular building was probably the
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gateway of 43 AD. From the top of the structure there are views all round the surrounding walls, and in good weather as far afield as
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built at the end of the 4th century or at the beginning of the 5th century. It seems plausible that the church was built of wood.
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During the late 3rd century this (by now large) civilian town was re-militarised by the conversion of part of it into a so-called
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As the fighting moved north, Rutupiae became an increasingly large supply base for the army and later a civilian settlement.
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repurposed
Richborough Castle as "Roaming Rune" (alluding to its Roman origins) in his 1980, post-apocalyptic novel
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https://www.kentarchaeology.org.uk/Research/Pub/ArchCant/Vol.024%20-%201900/page%20v%20+%20vi%20%20contents.htm
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In 2023 a replica wooden Roman gateway was built near the centre of the Roman fort, on the precise site of the
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In 1849 excavations on the amphitheatre discovered a skeleton suggesting the site later became a cemetery.
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that the earthworks were a beachhead defence, protecting around 700 m (2,300 ft) of coast.
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Fifth Report on the
Excavations of the Roman Fort at Richborough, Kent, DOI 10.26530/OAPEN_1005013
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John
Garstang, Excavations at Richborough: RVTVPIAE, Archaeologia Cantiana Vol. 24 1900 p 267
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294:), referring to a crossing point between the then island and the mainland. The meaning of the
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Johnson, J.S. (1970). "The Date of the
Construction of the Saxon Shore Fort at Richborough".
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that developed around the fort and the associated port. The settlement was founded after the
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Sherwood, Harriet; Arts, Harriet
Sherwood; correspondent, culture (28 October 2021).
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Stillwell, Richard; William Lloyd MacDonald; Marian Holland McAllister (1976).
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in AD 43. Because of its position near to a large natural harbour in the
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is uncertain, although the first element may derive from the British Celtic *
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from mainland Britain and Rutupiae is thought to have guarded the channel.
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Further major excavations were made in 1922-38 by J.P. Bushe-Fox.
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The town was most prosperous in the 2nd century when the timber
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914:. Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies: 225–231.
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474:(c. 290) of the same type as those found at Richborough
882:"Lost Treasures of Rome - Series 1: Episode 3 | All 4"
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The Independent - Roman Invasion Beach Found In Kent
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Victoria County History of Kent: Romano-British Kent
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Roman Richborough at the top of an extract from the
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906:Brown, P.D.C (1971). "The Church at Richborough".
490:evidence suggests it occurred during the reign of
325:Richborough was probably the landing site for the
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1076:Richborough Roman Fort page at English Heritage
282:). An alternative attested name for the fort,
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965:BBC News - Dig Uncovers Roman Invasion Coast
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802:. Princeton University Press. p. 778
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249:. The site is now under the care of
72:The walls of Richborough Roman Fort
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1529:Caerleon Roman Fortress and Baths
1054:from the original on 29 July 2021
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568:Excavations continued in 1900.
497:The fort was 5 acres (2.0
278:meaning "rust; mud" (cf. Welsh
1656:English Heritage sites in Kent
1636:Ancient Roman triumphal arches
405:for Britain in Latin writers.
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1227:Roman visitor sites in the UK
27:Ancient fort in Kent, England
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1549:National Roman Legion Museum
1083:on Google Arts & Culture
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430:(cf the similarly maritime
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1564:Trimontium Trust (Melrose)
1524:Carvoran Roman Army Museum
1412:Carvoran Roman Army Museum
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1382:Dover Castle
1362:Burgh Castle
1280:Lullingstone
1165:
1139:Burgh Castle
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1047:
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1578:Other sites
1437:Richborough
1397:Housesteads
1290:North Leigh
1134:Gariannonum
1118:Saxon Shore
1008:15 February
891:15 February
866:15 February
677:15 February
652:15 February
600:Saxon Shore
561:Excavations
535:4th century
440:Saxon Shore
415:quadrifrons
183:Richborough
133: /
109:Coordinates
51:Richborough
1630:Categories
1554:Ribchester
1488:Silchester
1478:Colchester
1473:Chichester
1452:Vindolanda
1432:Ribchester
1357:Birdoswald
1352:Binchester
1300:Rockbourne
1295:Piddington
1275:Littlecote
1265:Fishbourne
1129:Branodunum
751:1 November
729:: 413‒414.
713:, Gaulish
627:References
488:numismatic
160:Roman fort
118:51°17′38″N
1498:St Albans
1483:Corbridge
1442:Segedunum
1402:Lancaster
1377:Derventio
1305:Sparsholt
1250:Chedworth
1181:Anderitum
1161:Regulbium
1058:21 August
1018:cite news
1003:0261-3077
908:Britannia
823:Britannia
596:Regulbium
506:principia
492:Carausius
427:Britannia
266:Etymology
247:Carausius
121:1°19′55″E
1503:Wroxeter
1387:Eboracum
1372:Chesters
1367:Caerleon
1310:Wroxeter
1166:Rutupiae
1052:Archived
1048:Errorbar
711:Rutupiae
707:(1966).
592:Reculver
588:Claudian
413:A major
403:metonymy
385:(modern
330:invasion
327:Claudian
284:Ritupiae
272:Rutupiae
202:Rutupiae
187:Sandwich
151:TR324602
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1255:Crofton
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1144:Caister
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868:2023
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753:2017
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