730:
1045:. Mutant-type RyR1 receptors exposed to volatile anesthetics or other triggering agents can display an increased affinity for cytoplasmic Ca at activating sites as well as a decreased cytoplasmic Ca affinity at inhibitory sites. The breakdown of this feedback mechanism causes uncontrolled release of Ca into the cytoplasm, and increased ATP hydrolysis resulting from ATPase enzymes shuttling Ca back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum leads to excessive heat generation.
1107:
206:
1132:
scaffold connecting key regulatory domains to the pore. The RyR1 pore architecture shares the general structure of the six-transmembrane ion channel superfamily. A unique domain inserted between the second and third transmembrane helices interacts intimately with paired EF-hands originating from the
1124:
Ryanodine receptors are multidomain homotetramers which regulate intracellular calcium ion release from the sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticula. They are the largest known ion channels, with weights exceeding 2 megadaltons, and their structural complexity enables a wide variety of allosteric
1024:
concentrations. High (greater than 5 mmol/L) caffeine concentrations cause a pronounced increase (from micromolar to picomolar) in the sensitivity of RyRs to Ca in the presence of caffeine, such that basal Ca concentrations become activatory. At low millimolar caffeine concentrations, the
807:
mechanism; a small amount of Ca in the cytosol near the receptor will cause it to release even more Ca (calcium-induced calcium release/CICR). However, as the concentration of intracellular Ca rises, this can trigger closing of RyR, preventing the total depletion of SR. This finding therefore
1097:
Sudden cardiac death in several young individuals in the Amish community (four of which were from the same family) was traced to homozygous duplication of a mutant RyR2 (Ryanodine
Receptor) gene. Normal (wild type) ryanodine receptors are involved in CICR in heart and other muscles, and RyR2
189:. There are three major isoforms of the ryanodine receptor, which are found in different tissues and participate in different signaling pathways involving calcium release from intracellular organelles. The RYR2 ryanodine receptor isoform is the major cellular mediator of
1003:
The plant alkaloid ryanodine, for which this receptor was named, has become an invaluable investigative tool. It can block the phasic release of calcium, but at low doses may not block the tonic cumulative calcium release. The binding of ryanodine to RyRs is
977:
binding protein, as opposed to 12 kDa FKBP12 which binds to RyR1) which normally bind (and blocks) RyR2 channel tetramer in an average stoichiometry of 3.6, to fall off RyR2 (which is the predominant RyR in pancreatic beta cells, cardiomyocytes and smooth
729:
1012:, works even at nanomolar) concentrations, ryanodine binding locks the RyRs into a long-lived subconductance (half-open) state and eventually depletes the store, while higher (~100 micromolar) concentrations irreversibly inhibit channel-opening.
1094:(i.e., MG). Individuals with MG who have antibodies directed against ryanodine receptors typically have a more severe form of generalized MG in which their skeletal muscle weaknesses involve muscles that govern basic life functions.
808:
indicates that a plot of opening probability for RyR as a function of Ca concentration is a bell-curve. Furthermore, RyR can sense the Ca concentration inside the ER/SR and spontaneously open in a process known as
276:, only have a single isoform. In non-metazoan species, calcium-release channels with sequence homology to RyRs can be found, but they are shorter than the mammalian ones and may be closer to IP3 Receptors.
4998:
878:
RyRs form docking platforms for a multitude of proteins and small molecule ligands. The cardiac-specific isoform of the receptor (RyR2) is known to form a quaternary complex with luminal
3121:
4031:
3766:
3018:
2951:
1823:"Functional defects in six ryanodine receptor isoform-1 (RyR1) mutations associated with malignant hyperthermia and their impact on skeletal excitation-contraction coupling"
778:
release from a number of ryanodine receptors in a ryanodine receptor cluster results in a spatiotemporally restricted rise in cytosolic calcium that can be visualised as a
134:
1221:
Zucchi R, Ronca-Testoni S (March 1997). "The sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ channel/ryanodine receptor: modulation by endogenous effectors, drugs and disease states".
2091:
Santulli G, Lewis D, des
Georges A, Marks AR, Frank J (2018). "Ryanodine Receptor Structure and Function in Health and Disease". In Harris JR, Boekema EJ (eds.).
90:
78:
1025:
receptor opens in a quantal way, but has complicated behavior in terms of repeated use of caffeine or dependence on cytosolic or luminal calcium concentrations.
4983:
603:
460:
317:
1680:
Wang YX, Zheng YM, Mei QB, Wang QS, Collier ML, Fleischer S, et al. (March 2004). "FKBP12.6 and cADPR regulation of Ca2+ release in smooth muscle cells".
1467:
Meissner G, Darling E, Eveleth J (January 1986). "Kinetics of rapid Ca2+ release by sarcoplasmic reticulum. Effects of Ca2+, Mg2+, and adenine nucleotides".
4580:
2044:"Identification of a Novel Homozygous Multi-Exon Duplication in RYR2 Among Children With Exertion-Related Unexplained Sudden Deaths in the Amish Community"
1060:
784:. Ryanodine receptors are very close to mitochondria and calcium release from RyR has been shown to regulate ATP production in heart and pancreas cells.
1602:
Vites AM, Pappano AJ (March 1994). "Distinct modes of inhibition by ruthenium red and ryanodine of calcium-induced calcium release in avian atrium".
3962:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
1283:
Cheng H, Lederer WJ, Cannell MB (October 1993). "Calcium sparks: elementary events underlying excitation-contraction coupling in heart muscle".
5078:
3967:
3065:
2337:
988:
physical tether linking inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) and ryanodine receptors on the intracellular calcium stores with cell surface
5698:
5688:
2108:
5693:
4798:
4019:
3200:
1774:"RYR1 mutations causing central core disease are associated with more severe malignant hyperthermia in vitro contracture test phenotypes"
1071:, and in brain tissue in knockin mice that express mutant Presenilin 1 at normal levels, and thus may play a role in the pathogenesis of
3917:
2938:
2354:
627:
484:
341:
3703:
1629:
Xu L, Tripathy A, Pasek DA, Meissner G (September 1998). "Potential for pharmacology of ryanodine receptor/calcium release channels".
1328:"Cardiomyocyte ATP production, metabolic flexibility, and survival require calcium flux through cardiac ryanodine receptors in vivo"
989:
1183:
Santulli G, Marks AR (2015). "Essential Roles of
Intracellular Calcium Release Channels in Muscle, Brain, Metabolism, and Aging".
5703:
615:
472:
329:
5016:
5006:
4573:
4296:
3295:
3073:
2389:
1379:"Glucagon-like peptide-1 mobilizes intracellular Ca2+ and stimulates mitochondrial ATP synthesis in pancreatic MIN6 beta-cells"
788:
768:
190:
608:
465:
322:
4318:
1954:"Polymorphisms Within RYR3 Gene Are Associated With Risk and Age at Onset of Hypertension, Diabetes, and Alzheimer's Disease"
809:
154:
4766:
4737:
4527:
2438:
3893:
2805:
993:
890:. Calsequestrin has multiple Ca binding sites and binds Ca ions with very low affinity so they can be easily released.
5348:
5157:
4168:
1913:"Presenilin-1 mutations increase levels of ryanodine receptors and calcium release in PC12 cells and cortical neurons"
5594:
4566:
2346:
2330:
5708:
4522:
2732:
911:
locks the RyRs at half-open state at nanomolar concentrations, yet fully closes them at micromolar concentration.
5056:
4863:
4833:
4727:
4512:
2773:
2649:
2309:
1864:"Thermogenesis and energy expenditure: control of heat production by the Ca(2+)-ATPase of fast and slow muscle"
1428:"Glucose and endoplasmic reticulum calcium channels regulate HIF-1beta via presenilin in pancreatic beta-cells"
1153:
858:
756:
1725:"Homer binds a novel proline-rich motif and links group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors with IP3 receptors"
142:
5142:
4517:
1052:
229:
4558:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4548:
2540:
2527:
2514:
2494:
2481:
2446:
1148:
1076:
1049:
1038:
862:
760:
740:
620:
477:
334:
4978:
2323:
744:
673:
387:
984:
A variety of other molecules may interact with and regulate ryanodine receptor. For example: dimerized
138:
1553:
Handhle A, Ormonde CE, Thomas NL, Bralesford C, Williams AJ, Lai FA, Zissimopoulos S (November 2016).
5523:
2421:
2259:
2042:
Tester DJ, Bombei HM, Fitzgerald KK, Giudicessi JR, Pitel BA, Thorland EC, et al. (March 2020).
1638:
1292:
1248:
Fabiato A (July 1983). "Calcium-induced release of calcium from the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum".
1042:
581:
530:
438:
287:
265:
Non-mammalian vertebrates typically express two RyR isoforms, referred to as RyR-alpha and RyR-beta.
5489:
5306:
4961:
2315:
5569:
4941:
4931:
4803:
4759:
4614:
4597:
3888:
2764:
2136:
1893:
1803:
1754:
1705:
1662:
1056:
748:
736:
4916:
2246:
Zalk R, Clarke OB, des
Georges A, Grassucci RA, Reiken S, Mancia F, et al. (January 2015).
2164:"Ryanodine receptors: structure, expression, molecular details, and function in calcium release"
1772:
Robinson RL, Brooks C, Brown SL, Ellis FR, Halsall PJ, Quinnell RJ, et al. (August 2002).
1326:
Bround MJ, Wambolt R, Luciani DS, Kulpa JE, Rodrigues B, Brownsey RW, et al. (June 2013).
5584:
4988:
4970:
4593:
2926:
2305:
2285:
2228:
2193:
2124:
2104:
2073:
2024:
1975:
1934:
1885:
1844:
1795:
1746:
1697:
1654:
1611:
1584:
1535:
1484:
1449:
1408:
1359:
1308:
1265:
1230:
1200:
1112:
1091:
1072:
966:
944:
832:
804:
129:
5579:
5397:
4747:
3695:
2676:
2275:
2267:
2220:
2183:
2175:
2114:
2096:
2063:
2055:
2014:
2006:
1965:
1924:
1875:
1834:
1785:
1736:
1689:
1646:
1574:
1566:
1525:
1515:
1476:
1439:
1398:
1390:
1349:
1339:
1300:
1257:
1192:
668:
525:
391:
382:
178:
5451:
4692:
534:
121:
5662:
4825:
4719:
4657:
4231:
2371:
2148:
850:
752:
697:
677:
554:
411:
240:
174:
1426:
Dror V, Kalynyak TB, Bychkivska Y, Frey MH, Tee M, Jeffrey KD, et al. (April 2008).
1377:
Tsuboi T, da Silva Xavier G, Holz GG, Jouaville LS, Thomas AP, Rutter GA (January 2003).
969:
can act as a physiological gating agent. It has been suggested that it may act by making
2263:
2019:
1994:
1642:
1296:
5634:
4732:
4589:
4027:
2714:
2280:
2247:
2188:
2163:
2119:
2068:
2043:
1650:
1579:
1554:
1530:
1503:
1403:
1378:
1354:
1327:
1129:
1064:
764:
194:
1741:
1724:
1196:
5682:
5652:
5211:
5201:
5127:
4752:
4742:
4605:
3981:
3654:
1555:"Calsequestrin interacts directly with the cardiac ryanodine receptor luminal domain"
920:
879:
780:
83:
2211:
Van
Petegem F (January 2015). "Ryanodine receptors: allosteric ion channel giants".
1897:
1807:
1709:
1666:
1106:
47:
5564:
5314:
5273:
5206:
4334:
3725:
1758:
1068:
959:
117:
1723:
Tu JC, Xiao B, Yuan JP, Lanahan AA, Leoffert K, Li M, et al. (October 1998).
1261:
95:
2100:
2059:
644:
501:
358:
71:
59:
5619:
5599:
5574:
5196:
5179:
5174:
4946:
4936:
4637:
4627:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4136:
3975:
2350:
2179:
1128:
RyR1 cryo-EM structure revealed a large cytosolic assembly built on an extended
1087:
1009:
820:
707:
564:
421:
2010:
1693:
5667:
5484:
5283:
5147:
5132:
5095:
4926:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4244:
3610:
2978:
2946:
2224:
1880:
1863:
1008:, that is the channels have to be in the activated state. At low (<10 micro
929:
914:
838:
The localized and time-limited activity of Ca in the cytosol is also called a
651:
508:
365:
249:
5642:
5514:
5499:
5494:
5184:
5152:
5090:
4329:
4239:
1520:
1344:
1304:
908:
217:
2289:
2232:
2197:
2128:
2077:
2028:
1979:
1952:
Gong S, Su BB, Tovar H, Mao C, Gonzalez V, Liu Y, et al. (June 2018).
1938:
1929:
1912:
1889:
1848:
1839:
1822:
1799:
1701:
1658:
1588:
1539:
1453:
1444:
1427:
1412:
1363:
1204:
1063:. It has also been shown that levels of type RyR3 are greatly increased in
799:, and stimulated to transport Ca into the cytosol by recognizing Ca on its
1750:
1615:
1488:
1312:
1269:
1234:
755:, activation of ryanodine receptors occurs via a physical coupling to the
5647:
5408:
5319:
5137:
5082:
4622:
4342:
3690:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2586:
2581:
1970:
1953:
1083:
1034:
1021:
970:
955:
925:
828:
656:
513:
370:
214:
54:
2271:
1995:"Myasthenia gravis, respiratory function, and respiratory tract disease"
1480:
5657:
5611:
5532:
5416:
5329:
5066:
4921:
4873:
4469:
4226:
4062:
2563:
2558:
2553:
1790:
1773:
1570:
1394:
1142:
948:
887:
883:
775:
1133:α-solenoid scaffold, suggesting a mechanism for channel gating by Ca.
1116:
205:
5466:
5436:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5340:
5167:
5162:
5120:
5115:
5061:
5049:
5044:
5039:
4843:
4838:
4146:
4141:
3875:
3870:
3816:
3811:
3627:
3615:
3605:
3600:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3347:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3188:
3183:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3114:
3109:
3099:
3094:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2842:
2837:
2827:
2822:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2507:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
985:
816:
639:
496:
353:
186:
182:
149:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5461:
5456:
5446:
5441:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5390:
5385:
5353:
5324:
5293:
5288:
5278:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5189:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5034:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4380:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4218:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4131:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
3957:
3901:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3730:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3622:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3541:
3536:
3522:
3517:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3489:
3484:
3475:
3470:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3413:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3361:
3356:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3178:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3104:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3028:
3023:
3003:
2988:
2983:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2867:
2847:
2832:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2686:
2681:
2404:
2399:
2394:
1105:
974:
824:
259:
204:
2095:. Vol. 87. Singapore: Springer Singapore. pp. 329–352.
5589:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
4855:
4813:
4808:
4667:
4662:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4632:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4175:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4084:
4037:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3713:
3531:
3089:
2426:
2416:
1911:
Chan SL, Mayne M, Holden CP, Geiger JD, Mattson MP (June 2000).
854:
771:, which causes calcium outflow from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
632:
596:
489:
453:
346:
302:
255:
245:
236:
111:
66:
42:
4562:
4490:
3675:
2921:
2709:
2366:
2319:
2162:
Lanner JT, Georgiou DK, Joshi AD, Hamilton SL (November 2010).
4014:
3912:
3033:
2993:
1110:
Cytoplasmic face of phosphorylated RyR2 in open conformation.
1145:, a class of insecticide that act through ryanodine receptors
962:
activate it by potentiating sensitivity to native ligand Ca.
1604:
The
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
1098:
functions primarily in the myocardium (heart muscle).
5632:
5610:
5522:
5512:
5477:
5406:
5338:
5304:
5077:
5027:
4997:
4969:
4959:
4872:
4854:
4824:
4718:
4613:
4604:
4503:
4327:
4216:
4012:
3910:
3886:
3688:
3294:
3199:
3064:
2937:
2804:
2763:
2725:
2437:
2382:
703:
693:
688:
667:
662:
650:
638:
626:
614:
602:
592:
587:
580:
560:
550:
545:
524:
519:
507:
495:
483:
471:
459:
449:
444:
437:
417:
407:
402:
381:
376:
364:
352:
340:
328:
316:
308:
298:
293:
286:
148:
128:
110:
105:
89:
77:
65:
53:
41:
33:
28:
23:
2093:Membrane Protein Complexes: Structure and Function
268:Many invertebrates, including the model organisms
213:The ryanodine receptors are named after the plant
1821:Yang T, Ta TA, Pessah IN, Allen PD (July 2003).
846:the feedback mechanism of the ryanodine receptor
258:is expressed more widely, but especially in the
1682:American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
4574:
2331:
2248:"Structure of a mammalian ryanodine receptor"
1504:"Ryanodine receptors: structure and function"
1048:RyR2 mutations play a role in stress-induced
951:are direct agonists, i.e., direct activators.
8:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
735:Ryanodine receptors mediate the release of
5519:
4966:
4610:
4581:
4567:
4559:
4500:
4487:
3685:
3672:
2934:
2918:
2722:
2706:
2379:
2363:
2338:
2324:
2316:
2168:Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
1862:Reis M, Farage M, de Meis L (2002-01-01).
1631:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
685:
542:
399:
102:
2308:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
2279:
2187:
2118:
2067:
2018:
1969:
1928:
1879:
1838:
1789:
1740:
1578:
1529:
1519:
1443:
1402:
1353:
1343:
835:) takes part in the receptor activation.
767:, the primary mechanism of activation is
228:There are multiple isoforms of ryanodine
173:for short) form a class of intracellular
18:Class of intracellular transport proteins
1216:
1214:
990:group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors
1164:
842:. The building of the wave is done by
787:Ryanodine receptors are similar to the
2144:
2134:
810:store overload-induced calcium release
577:
434:
283:
20:
220:which shows a high affinity to them.
177:in various forms of excitable animal
7:
3704:Calcium-activated chloride channels
1917:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1827:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1508:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1432:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1332:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
861:, which leads to the production of
2774:Amiloride-sensitive cation channel
1651:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08262.x
1250:The American Journal of Physiology
865:, which in turn activates the InsP
14:
1197:10.2174/1874467208666150507105105
1020:RyRs are activated by millimolar
831:cells, another second messenger (
815:RyRs are especially important in
1958:American Journal of Hypertension
1502:Van Petegem F (September 2012).
728:
5017:Calcium-induced calcium release
4297:Voltage-dependent anion channel
2390:Inositol trisphosphate receptor
1086:against ryanodine receptors in
769:calcium-induced calcium release
288:ryanodine receptor 1 (skeletal)
191:calcium-induced calcium release
4738:Ionotropic glutamate receptors
4319:General bacterial porin family
1185:Current Molecular Pharmacology
1090:has also been associated with
917:the clinically used antagonist
439:ryanodine receptor 2 (cardiac)
1:
1742:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80589-9
1262:10.1152/ajpcell.1983.245.1.C1
106:Available protein structures:
5699:Genes on human chromosome 15
5689:Genes on human chromosome 19
5590:Dentin matrix phosphoprotein
2213:Journal of Molecular Biology
2101:10.1007/978-981-10-7757-9_11
2060:10.1001/jamacardio.2019.5400
1067:overexpressing mutant human
994:Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor
5694:Genes on human chromosome 1
2180:10.1101/cshperspect.a003996
5725:
5595:Dentin sialophosphoprotein
3738:Chloride Channel Accessory
2347:Membrane transport protein
2011:10.1007/s00415-023-11733-y
1868:Molecular Membrane Biology
1694:10.1152/ajpcell.00106.2003
932:, etc. (local anesthetics)
789:inositol trisphosphate (IP
281:
248:is primarily expressed in
239:is primarily expressed in
5057:Sodium-calcium exchangers
4834:Sodium-calcium exchangers
4544:
4499:
4486:
3684:
3671:
2933:
2917:
2733:Epithelial sodium channel
2721:
2705:
2378:
2362:
2225:10.1016/j.jmb.2014.08.004
1881:10.1080/09687680210166217
684:
541:
398:
101:
5143:Neuronal calcium sensors
4864:Calcium-sensing receptor
2650:Cation channels of sperm
2310:Medical Subject Headings
1154:Dihydropyridine receptor
757:dihydropyridine receptor
5704:Transmembrane receptors
1993:Gilhus NE (July 2023).
1559:Journal of Cell Science
1521:10.1074/jbc.r112.349068
1383:The Biochemical Journal
1345:10.1074/jbc.M112.427062
1305:10.1126/science.8235594
1223:Pharmacological Reviews
1125:regulation mechanisms.
1053:ventricular tachycardia
965:Physiological agonist:
774:It has been shown that
747:, an essential step in
270:Drosophila melanogaster
4999:Intracellular channels
1930:10.1074/jbc.M000040200
1840:10.1074/jbc.m302165200
1445:10.1074/jbc.M710601200
1149:Neuromuscular junction
1121:
1039:malignant hyperthermia
863:inositol trisphosphate
803:, thus establishing a
761:L-type calcium channel
759:(a voltage-dependent,
741:sarcoplasmic reticulum
274:Caenorhabditis elegans
210:
2726:Constitutively active
1109:
745:endoplasmic reticulum
208:
5524:Extracellular matrix
1999:Journal of Neurology
1043:central core disease
1037:are associated with
582:ryanodine receptor 3
5490:Parathyroid hormone
5478:Indirect regulators
5028:Intracellular pumps
4493:By gating mechanism
2272:10.1038/nature13950
2264:2015Natur.517...44Z
1923:(24): 18195–18200.
1833:(28): 25722–25730.
1643:1998NYASA.853..130T
1514:(38): 31624–31632.
1481:10.1021/bi00349a033
1338:(26): 18975–18986.
1297:1993Sci...262..740C
1077:Alzheimer's disease
874:Associated proteins
167:Ryanodine receptors
5570:Matrix gla protein
5407:Calcium-dependent
5339:Calcium-dependent
5305:Calcium-dependent
5012:Ryanodine receptor
4615:Adhesion molecules
4598:calcium metabolism
4020:TRP cation channel
3918:CNG cation channel
3201:Tandem pore domain
2412:Ryanodine receptor
2306:Ryanodine+Receptor
1971:10.1093/ajh/hpy046
1791:10.1002/humu.10098
1571:10.1242/jcs.191643
1395:10.1042/BJ20021288
1122:
1057:cardiac arrhythmia
849:the activation of
749:muscle contraction
211:
5676:
5675:
5628:
5627:
5612:Secreted hormones
5585:Bone sialoprotein
5508:
5507:
4971:Second messengers
4955:
4954:
4748:Kainate receptors
4594:calcium signaling
4556:
4555:
4540:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4528:Stretch-activated
4505:Ion channel class
4482:
4481:
4478:
4477:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3662:
2939:Calcium-activated
2927:Potassium channel
2913:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2110:978-981-10-7756-2
1565:(21): 3983–3988.
1438:(15): 9909–9916.
1389:(Pt 2): 287–299.
1291:(5134): 740–744.
1092:myasthenia gravis
1073:neurodegenerative
973:(12.6 kilodalton
967:Cyclic ADP-ribose
945:4-chloro-m-cresol
833:cyclic ADP-ribose
805:positive feedback
721:
720:
717:
716:
713:
712:
574:
573:
570:
569:
431:
430:
427:
426:
193:(CICR) in animal
164:
163:
160:
159:
155:structure summary
5716:
5709:Calcium channels
5633:Calcium-binding
5520:
5398:Protein kinase C
4967:
4720:Calcium channels
4611:
4583:
4576:
4569:
4560:
4501:
4488:
3696:Chloride channel
3686:
3673:
3066:Inward-rectifier
2935:
2919:
2723:
2707:
2677:Two-pore channel
2380:
2364:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2317:
2294:
2293:
2283:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2191:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2146:
2142:
2140:
2132:
2122:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2071:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2022:
2005:(7): 3329–3340.
1990:
1984:
1983:
1973:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1932:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1883:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1842:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1793:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1744:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1688:(3): C538–C546.
1677:
1671:
1670:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1610:(3): 1476–1484.
1599:
1593:
1592:
1582:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1533:
1523:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1447:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1406:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1357:
1347:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1218:
1209:
1208:
1180:
1119:
1082:The presence of
732:
686:
578:
543:
435:
400:
284:
280:
279:
175:calcium channels
103:
21:
5724:
5723:
5719:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5714:
5713:
5679:
5678:
5677:
5672:
5663:EGF-like domain
5624:
5606:
5504:
5473:
5402:
5334:
5300:
5073:
5023:
4993:
4951:
4868:
4850:
4820:
4714:
4600:
4587:
4557:
4552:
4532:
4495:
4474:
4323:
4222:
4212:
4008:
3906:
3882:
3680:
3659:
3573:
3450:
3307:
3290:
3195:
3159:
3129:
3085:
3077:
3060:
3014:
2929:
2905:
2878:
2817:
2800:
2759:
2717:
2693:
2576:
2548:
2535:
2522:
2502:
2489:
2454:
2433:
2374:
2372:Calcium channel
2358:
2344:
2302:
2297:
2258:(7532): 44–49.
2245:
2244:
2240:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2174:(11): a003996.
2161:
2160:
2156:
2143:
2133:
2111:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2048:JAMA Cardiology
2041:
2040:
2036:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1220:
1219:
1212:
1182:
1181:
1166:
1162:
1139:
1111:
1104:
1075:diseases, like
1031:
1029:Role in disease
1018:
1001:
954:Xanthines like
899:
893:
876:
868:
851:phospholipase C
796:
792:
763:), whereas, in
753:skeletal muscle
726:
272:(fruitfly) and
241:skeletal muscle
226:
203:
79:OPM superfamily
19:
12:
11:
5:
5722:
5720:
5712:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5681:
5680:
5674:
5673:
5671:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5639:
5637:
5630:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5622:
5616:
5614:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5604:
5603:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5529:
5527:
5517:
5513:Extracellular
5510:
5509:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5481:
5479:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5471:
5470:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5413:
5411:
5404:
5403:
5401:
5400:
5395:
5394:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5382:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5356:
5345:
5343:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5311:
5309:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5298:
5297:
5296:
5291:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5270:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5212:Synaptotagmins
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5193:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5171:
5170:
5165:
5155:
5150:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5124:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5093:
5087:
5085:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5069:
5064:
5054:
5053:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5031:
5029:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5019:
5009:
5003:
5001:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4975:
4973:
4964:
4960:Intracellular
4957:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4878:
4876:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4860:
4858:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4841:
4830:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4796:
4795:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4753:NMDA receptors
4750:
4745:
4743:AMPA receptors
4735:
4733:5-HT3 receptor
4724:
4722:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4619:
4617:
4608:
4602:
4601:
4590:Cell signaling
4588:
4586:
4585:
4578:
4571:
4563:
4554:
4553:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4509:
4507:
4497:
4496:
4491:
4484:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4445:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4339:
4337:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4236:
4234:
4220:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4156:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4035:
4024:
4022:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3972:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3922:
3920:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3898:
3896:
3894:Proton channel
3884:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3769:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3700:
3698:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3669:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3571:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3448:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3305:
3300:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3205:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3127:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3070:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3006:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2943:
2941:
2931:
2930:
2922:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2815:
2810:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2770:
2768:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2729:
2727:
2719:
2718:
2715:Sodium channel
2710:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2574:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2546:
2538:
2533:
2525:
2520:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2500:
2492:
2487:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2452:
2443:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2386:
2384:
2376:
2375:
2367:
2360:
2359:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2301:
2300:External links
2298:
2296:
2295:
2238:
2203:
2154:
2145:|journal=
2109:
2083:
2034:
1985:
1964:(7): 818–826.
1944:
1903:
1874:(4): 301–310.
1854:
1813:
1778:Human Mutation
1764:
1735:(4): 717–726.
1715:
1672:
1637:(1): 130–148.
1621:
1594:
1545:
1494:
1475:(1): 236–244.
1459:
1418:
1369:
1318:
1275:
1240:
1210:
1191:(2): 206–222.
1163:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1138:
1135:
1103:
1100:
1030:
1027:
1017:
1014:
1000:
997:
982:
981:
980:
979:
963:
952:
935:
934:
933:
923:
918:
912:
898:
895:
875:
872:
871:
870:
866:
847:
801:cytosolic side
794:
790:
765:cardiac muscle
739:ions from the
725:
722:
719:
718:
715:
714:
711:
710:
705:
701:
700:
695:
691:
690:
682:
681:
671:
665:
664:
660:
659:
654:
648:
647:
642:
636:
635:
630:
624:
623:
618:
612:
611:
606:
600:
599:
594:
590:
589:
585:
584:
575:
572:
571:
568:
567:
562:
558:
557:
552:
548:
547:
539:
538:
528:
522:
521:
517:
516:
511:
505:
504:
499:
493:
492:
487:
481:
480:
475:
469:
468:
463:
457:
456:
451:
447:
446:
442:
441:
432:
429:
428:
425:
424:
419:
415:
414:
409:
405:
404:
396:
395:
385:
379:
378:
374:
373:
368:
362:
361:
356:
350:
349:
344:
338:
337:
332:
326:
325:
320:
314:
313:
312:MHS, MHS1, CCO
310:
306:
305:
300:
296:
295:
291:
290:
278:
277:
266:
263:
253:
252:(heart muscle)
243:
225:
222:
202:
199:
162:
161:
158:
157:
152:
146:
145:
132:
126:
125:
115:
108:
107:
99:
98:
93:
87:
86:
81:
75:
74:
69:
63:
62:
57:
51:
50:
45:
39:
38:
35:
31:
30:
26:
25:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5721:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5686:
5684:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5653:C-type lectin
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5640:
5638:
5636:
5631:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5613:
5609:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5582:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5534:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5511:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5419:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5410:
5405:
5399:
5396:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5342:
5337:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5308:
5303:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5202:Phospholamban
5200:
5198:
5195:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5160:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5128:Calsequestrin
5126:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5058:
5055:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5026:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5000:
4996:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4958:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4875:
4871:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4857:
4853:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4827:
4826:Calcium pumps
4823:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4797:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4768:
4767:Voltage-gated
4765:
4761:
4760:P2X receptors
4758:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4717:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4606:Cell membrane
4603:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4584:
4579:
4577:
4572:
4570:
4565:
4564:
4561:
4551:
4550:
4543:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4523:Voltage-gated
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4489:
4485:
4471:
4468:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4326:
4320:
4317:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4295:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4215:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4174:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4083:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4036:
4033:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4011:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3909:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3885:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3678:Miscellaneous
3674:
3670:
3656:
3655:Shaker (gene)
3653:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3628:minK/ISK-like
3626:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3296:Voltage-gated
3293:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3123:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3080:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3009:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2920:
2916:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2806:Voltage-gated
2803:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2708:
2704:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2439:Voltage-gated
2436:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2341:
2336:
2334:
2329:
2327:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2242:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2207:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2158:
2155:
2150:
2138:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2038:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1989:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1817:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1768:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1719:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1676:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1625:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1598:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1549:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1498:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1422:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1322:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1279:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1126:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1006:use-dependent
998:
996:
995:
991:
987:
976:
972:
968:
964:
961:
957:
953:
950:
946:
942:
941:
939:
936:
931:
927:
924:
922:
921:Ruthenium red
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
906:
904:
901:
900:
896:
894:
891:
889:
885:
881:
880:calsequestrin
873:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
845:
844:
843:
841:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
813:
811:
806:
802:
798:
785:
783:
782:
781:calcium spark
777:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
733:
731:
723:
709:
706:
702:
699:
696:
692:
687:
683:
680:
679:
675:
672:
670:
666:
661:
658:
655:
653:
649:
646:
643:
641:
637:
634:
631:
629:
625:
622:
619:
617:
613:
610:
607:
605:
601:
598:
595:
591:
586:
583:
579:
576:
566:
563:
559:
556:
553:
549:
544:
540:
537:
536:
532:
529:
527:
523:
518:
515:
512:
510:
506:
503:
500:
498:
494:
491:
488:
486:
482:
479:
476:
474:
470:
467:
464:
462:
458:
455:
452:
448:
443:
440:
436:
433:
423:
420:
416:
413:
410:
406:
401:
397:
394:
393:
389:
386:
384:
380:
375:
372:
369:
367:
363:
360:
357:
355:
351:
348:
345:
343:
339:
336:
333:
331:
327:
324:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
304:
301:
297:
292:
289:
285:
282:
275:
271:
267:
264:
261:
257:
254:
251:
247:
244:
242:
238:
235:
234:
233:
231:
223:
221:
219:
216:
207:
200:
198:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
156:
153:
151:
147:
144:
140:
136:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
116:
113:
109:
104:
100:
97:
94:
92:
88:
85:
82:
80:
76:
73:
70:
68:
64:
61:
58:
56:
52:
49:
46:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
16:
5565:Hemicentin 1
5315:Calreticulin
5207:Sarcalumenin
5011:
5007:IP3 receptor
4799:TRP channels
4728:Ligand-gated
4546:
4513:Ligand-gated
4504:
4492:
4335:Gap junction
4328:
4217:
4013:
3974:
3952:
3925:
3911:
3887:
3865:
3823:
3771:
3737:
3720:
3708:
3689:
3677:
3632:
3595:
3569:
3446:
3303:
3208:
3155:
3125:
3081:
3010:
2923:
2874:
2813:
2711:
2620:
2593:
2572:
2544:
2531:
2518:
2498:
2485:
2450:
2411:
2383:Ligand-gated
2368:
2351:ion channels
2255:
2251:
2241:
2219:(1): 31–53.
2216:
2212:
2206:
2171:
2167:
2157:
2092:
2086:
2054:(3): 13–18.
2051:
2047:
2037:
2002:
1998:
1988:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1920:
1916:
1906:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1784:(2): 88–97.
1781:
1777:
1767:
1732:
1728:
1718:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1562:
1558:
1548:
1511:
1507:
1497:
1472:
1469:Biochemistry
1468:
1462:
1435:
1431:
1421:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1335:
1331:
1321:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1256:(1): C1-14.
1253:
1249:
1243:
1226:
1222:
1188:
1184:
1127:
1123:
1096:
1081:
1069:Presenilin 1
1047:
1032:
1019:
1005:
1002:
983:
960:pentifylline
937:
902:
897:Pharmacology
892:
877:
839:
837:
821:muscle cells
814:
800:
786:
779:
773:
734:
727:
676:
533:
390:
309:Alt. symbols
273:
269:
227:
212:
170:
166:
165:
15:
5620:Osteocalcin
5600:Osteopontin
5575:Osteonectin
5349:CaM kinases
5197:Parvalbumin
5180:Neurocalcin
5175:Hippocalcin
4518:Light-gated
3000:IK channel
1229:(1): 1–51.
1088:blood serum
1055:(a form of
1050:polymorphic
903:Antagonists
698:Swiss-model
588:Identifiers
555:Swiss-model
445:Identifiers
412:Swiss-model
294:Identifiers
91:OPM protein
29:Identifiers
5683:Categories
5668:Gla domain
5485:Calcitonin
5307:chaperones
5284:Troponin C
5148:Calsenilin
5133:Calretinin
5096:Calmodulin
3721:Bestrophin
2979:SK channel
2947:BK channel
2621:γ-subunits
2594:β-subunits
2577:δ-subunits
1160:References
1130:α-solenoid
1084:antibodies
1065:PC12 cells
938:Activators
930:tetracaine
915:Dantrolene
797:) receptor
724:Physiology
694:Structures
689:Search for
663:Other data
551:Structures
546:Search for
520:Other data
408:Structures
403:Search for
377:Other data
250:myocardium
118:structures
24:RyR domain
5643:C2 domain
5515:chelators
5500:Vitamin K
5495:Vitamin D
5409:proteases
5185:Recoverin
5153:Frequenin
5091:Calbindin
5083:chelators
4962:signaling
4623:Cadherins
4549:disorders
4547:see also
4330:Cytoplasm
4240:Aquaporin
3709:Anoctamin
3532:11.1/hERG
2147:ignored (
2137:cite book
1102:Structure
1035:mutations
999:Ryanodine
978:muscles).
943:Agonist:
909:Ryanodine
869:receptor.
812:(SOICR).
645:NM_001036
604:NCBI gene
535:q42.1-q43
502:NM_001035
461:NCBI gene
359:NM_000540
318:NCBI gene
230:receptors
218:ryanodine
209:Ryanodine
201:Etymology
60:IPR003032
5648:Cadherin
5580:SIBLINGs
5533:Fibulins
5526:proteins
5417:Calpains
5320:Calnexin
5138:Gelsolin
4874:Annexins
4343:Connexin
3623:minK/ISK
2290:25470061
2233:25134758
2198:20961976
2129:29464565
2078:31913406
2029:37101094
2020:10132430
1980:29590321
1939:10764737
1898:10720335
1890:12512777
1849:12732639
1808:21497303
1800:12124989
1710:20900277
1702:14592808
1667:86436194
1659:10603942
1589:27609834
1540:22822064
1454:18174159
1413:12410638
1364:23678000
1205:25966694
1137:See also
1022:caffeine
1016:Caffeine
992:and the
971:FKBP12.6
956:caffeine
926:procaine
829:pancreas
708:InterPro
565:InterPro
422:InterPro
224:Isoforms
215:alkaloid
135:RCSB PDB
55:InterPro
5658:EF hand
5635:domains
5341:kinases
5330:HSP90B1
5190:Visinin
5079:Sensors
5067:SLC24A5
4470:Innexin
4227:solutes
2281:4300236
2260:Bibcode
2189:2964179
2120:5936639
2069:6990654
1759:2851554
1751:9808459
1639:Bibcode
1616:7511166
1580:5117208
1531:3442496
1489:3754147
1404:1223096
1355:3696672
1313:8235594
1293:Bibcode
1285:Science
1270:6346892
1235:9085308
1143:Ryanoid
1120:
949:suramin
888:triadin
884:junctin
840:Ca wave
817:neurons
793:or InsP
776:calcium
737:calcium
704:Domains
678:q14-q15
674:Chr. 15
652:UniProt
561:Domains
509:UniProt
418:Domains
388:Chr. 19
366:UniProt
187:neurons
183:muscles
48:PF02026
5467:CAPN10
5121:CALML5
5116:CALML3
5062:SLC8B1
5050:ATP2A3
5045:ATP2A2
5040:ATP2A1
4844:SLC8A1
4839:SLC3A2
2767:-gated
2765:Proton
2541:T-type
2528:R-type
2515:Q-type
2495:P-type
2482:N-type
2447:L-type
2312:(MeSH)
2288:
2278:
2252:Nature
2231:
2196:
2186:
2127:
2117:
2107:
2076:
2066:
2027:
2017:
1978:
1937:
1896:
1888:
1847:
1806:
1798:
1757:
1749:
1729:Neuron
1708:
1700:
1665:
1657:
1614:
1587:
1577:
1538:
1528:
1487:
1452:
1411:
1401:
1362:
1352:
1311:
1268:
1233:
1203:
1059:) and
886:, and
657:Q15413
640:RefSeq
633:180903
593:Symbol
531:Chr. 1
514:Q92736
497:RefSeq
490:180902
450:Symbol
371:P21817
354:RefSeq
347:180901
299:Symbol
179:tissue
150:PDBsum
124:
114:
34:Symbol
5558:FBLN5
5553:FBLN4
5548:FBLN3
5543:FBLN2
5538:FBLN1
5462:CAPN9
5457:CAPN8
5452:CAPN7
5447:CAPN6
5442:CAPN5
5437:CAPN4
5432:CAPN3
5427:CAPN2
5422:CAPN1
5391:CAMK4
5386:CAMK3
5359:CAMK2
5354:CAMK1
5325:HSPA5
5294:TNNC2
5289:TNNC1
5279:S100P
5267:SYT14
5262:SYT13
5257:SYT11
5111:CALM3
5106:CALM2
5101:CALM1
5035:SERCA
4989:cADPR
4984:NAADP
4922:A8-L2
4856:GPCRs
4708:CDH17
4703:CDH16
4698:CDH15
4693:CDH14
4688:CDH13
4683:CDH12
4678:CDH11
4673:CDH10
4381:GJA10
4232:Porin
4132:TRPML
3902:HVCN1
3596:KCNIP
3451:α7-12
2355:TC 1A
1894:S2CID
1804:S2CID
1755:S2CID
1706:S2CID
1663:S2CID
1033:RyR1
1010:molar
986:Homer
975:FK506
825:heart
823:. In
751:. In
669:Locus
621:10485
526:Locus
478:10484
392:q13.1
383:Locus
335:10483
260:brain
195:cells
181:like
72:1.A.3
5274:S100
5252:SYT9
5247:SYT7
5242:SYT6
5237:SYT5
5232:SYT4
5227:SYT3
5222:SYT2
5217:SYT1
5158:GUCA
5081:and
4814:TRPV
4809:TRPC
4804:TRPA
4668:CDH9
4663:CDH8
4658:CDH7
4653:CDH6
4648:CDH5
4643:CDH4
4638:CDH3
4633:CDH2
4628:CDH1
4596:and
4461:GJD4
4456:GJD3
4451:GJD2
4441:GJC3
4436:GJC2
4431:GJC1
4421:GJB7
4416:GJB6
4411:GJB5
4406:GJB4
4401:GJB3
4396:GJB2
4391:GJB1
4376:GJA9
4371:GJA8
4366:GJA5
4361:GJA4
4356:GJA3
4351:GJA1
4176:TRPV
4159:TRPP
4154:TRPN
4085:TRPM
4038:TRPC
4028:TRPA
3866:CLNS
3824:CLIC
3772:CLCN
3767:CFTR
3714:ANO1
3633:MiRP
3561:12.3
3556:12.2
3551:12.1
3542:11.3
3537:11.2
3523:10.2
3518:10.1
3308:α1-6
3122:GIRK
2536:α2.3
2523:α2.1
2490:α2.2
2286:PMID
2229:PMID
2194:PMID
2149:help
2125:PMID
2105:ISBN
2074:PMID
2025:PMID
1976:PMID
1935:PMID
1886:PMID
1845:PMID
1796:PMID
1747:PMID
1698:PMID
1655:PMID
1612:PMID
1585:PMID
1536:PMID
1485:PMID
1450:PMID
1409:PMID
1360:PMID
1309:PMID
1266:PMID
1231:PMID
1201:PMID
1117:7U9R
1061:ARVD
1041:and
958:and
947:and
855:GPCR
827:and
819:and
743:and
628:OMIM
616:HGNC
609:6263
597:RYR3
485:OMIM
473:HGNC
466:6262
454:RYR2
342:OMIM
330:HGNC
323:6261
303:RYR1
256:RyR3
246:RyR2
237:RyR1
185:and
143:PDBj
139:PDBe
122:ECOD
112:Pfam
96:5gl0
67:TCDB
43:Pfam
4979:IP3
4947:A13
4942:A12
4937:A11
4932:A10
4225:(+
4063:4AP
3976:HCN
3509:9.3
3504:9.2
3499:9.1
3490:8.2
3485:8.1
3476:7.5
3471:7.4
3466:7.3
3461:7.2
3456:7.1
3438:6.4
3433:6.3
3428:6.2
3423:6.1
3414:5.1
3405:4.3
3400:4.2
3395:4.1
3386:3.4
3381:3.3
3376:3.2
3371:3.1
3362:2.2
3357:2.1
3348:1.8
3343:1.7
3338:1.6
3333:1.5
3328:1.4
3323:1.3
3318:1.2
3313:1.1
3209:K2P
3189:7.1
3184:6.2
3179:6.1
3174:5.1
3169:4.2
3164:4.1
3149:3.4
3144:3.3
3139:3.2
3134:3.1
3115:2.6
3110:2.4
3105:2.3
3100:2.2
3095:2.1
3090:1.1
3076:ATP
3054:5.1
3049:4.2
3044:4.1
3039:3.1
3034:2.3
3029:2.2
3024:2.1
3019:1.1
3004:IK1
2994:SK3
2989:SK2
2984:SK1
2863:1.9
2858:1.8
2853:1.7
2848:1.6
2843:1.5
2838:1.4
2833:1.3
2828:1.2
2823:1.1
2712:Na:
2564:3.3
2559:3.2
2554:3.1
2508:2.1
2475:1.4
2470:1.3
2465:1.2
2460:1.1
2369:Ca:
2276:PMC
2268:doi
2256:517
2221:doi
2217:427
2184:PMC
2176:doi
2115:PMC
2097:doi
2064:PMC
2056:doi
2015:PMC
2007:doi
2003:270
1966:doi
1925:doi
1921:275
1876:doi
1835:doi
1831:278
1786:doi
1737:doi
1690:doi
1686:286
1647:doi
1635:853
1608:268
1575:PMC
1567:doi
1563:129
1526:PMC
1516:doi
1512:287
1477:doi
1440:doi
1436:283
1399:PMC
1391:doi
1387:369
1350:PMC
1340:doi
1336:288
1301:doi
1289:262
1258:doi
1254:245
1193:doi
1113:PDB
859:RTK
857:or
853:by
232::
171:RyR
130:PDB
37:RyR
5685::
5168:1B
5163:1A
4927:A9
4917:A8
4912:A7
4907:A6
4902:A5
4897:A4
4892:A3
4887:A2
4882:A1
4592::
4447:D
4427:C
4387:B
4347:A
4229:):
3982:FC
3876:1B
3871:1A
3859:L1
3817:KB
3812:KA
3691:Cl
3284:18
3279:17
3274:16
3269:15
3264:13
3259:12
3254:10
3158:ir
3128:ir
3084:ir
3013:Ca
2972:β4
2967:β3
2962:β2
2957:β1
2952:α1
2924:K:
2875:Na
2868:7A
2814:Na
2641:γ4
2636:γ3
2631:γ2
2626:γ1
2614:β4
2609:β3
2604:β2
2599:β1
2545:Ca
2532:Ca
2519:Ca
2499:Ca
2486:Ca
2451:Ca
2349::
2284:.
2274:.
2266:.
2254:.
2250:.
2227:.
2215:.
2192:.
2182:.
2170:.
2166:.
2141::
2139:}}
2135:{{
2123:.
2113:.
2103:.
2072:.
2062:.
2050:.
2046:.
2023:.
2013:.
2001:.
1997:.
1974:.
1962:31
1960:.
1956:.
1933:.
1919:.
1915:.
1892:.
1884:.
1872:19
1870:.
1866:.
1843:.
1829:.
1825:.
1802:.
1794:.
1782:20
1780:.
1776:.
1753:.
1745:.
1733:21
1731:.
1727:.
1704:.
1696:.
1684:.
1661:.
1653:.
1645:.
1633:.
1606:.
1583:.
1573:.
1561:.
1557:.
1534:.
1524:.
1510:.
1506:.
1483:.
1473:25
1471:.
1448:.
1434:.
1430:.
1407:.
1397:.
1385:.
1381:.
1358:.
1348:.
1334:.
1330:.
1307:.
1299:.
1287:.
1264:.
1252:.
1227:49
1225:.
1213:^
1199:.
1187:.
1167:^
1115::
1079:.
940::
928:,
905::
882:,
197:.
141:;
137:;
120:/
5379:G
5374:D
5369:B
5364:A
4792:T
4787:R
4782:P
4777:N
4772:L
4582:e
4575:t
4568:v
4332::
4312:3
4307:2
4302:1
4290:9
4285:8
4280:7
4275:6
4270:5
4265:4
4260:3
4255:2
4250:1
4245:0
4223:O
4221:2
4219:H
4206:6
4201:5
4196:4
4191:3
4186:2
4181:1
4169:2
4164:1
4147:3
4142:2
4137:1
4125:8
4120:7
4115:6
4110:5
4105:4
4100:3
4095:2
4090:1
4078:7
4073:6
4068:5
4058:4
4053:3
4048:2
4043:1
4034:)
4032:1
4030:(
4017::
4015:M
4002:4
3997:3
3992:2
3987:1
3968:3
3963:2
3958:1
3953:β
3946:4
3941:3
3936:2
3931:1
3926:α
3915::
3913:M
3891::
3889:H
3854:6
3849:5
3844:4
3839:3
3834:2
3829:1
3807:7
3802:6
3797:5
3792:4
3787:3
3782:2
3777:1
3758:4
3753:3
3748:2
3743:1
3731:2
3726:1
3693::
3648:3
3643:2
3638:1
3616:4
3611:3
3606:2
3601:1
3589:3
3584:2
3579:1
3574:β
3572:v
3570:K
3449:v
3447:K
3306:v
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