233:) so it is not available publicly. Nevertheless, a NATO unclassified version of the document is provided to foreign, even hostile, militaries, even though they are not allowed to make it available publicly. The spelling alphabet is now also defined in other unclassified international military documents. The NATO alphabet appeared in some United States Air Force Europe publications during the Cold War. A particular example was the Ramstein Air Base Telephone Directory, published between 1969 and 1973 (currently out of print). The US and NATO versions had differences, and the translation was provided as a convenience. Differences included Alfa, Bravo and Able, Baker for the first two letters.
144:(CCB), created in 1941, derived a spelling alphabet that was mandated for use when any US military branch was communicating with any British military branch; when operating without any British forces, the Joint Army/Navy spelling alphabet was mandated for use whenever the US Army and US Navy were communicating in joint operations; if the US Army was operating on its own, it would use its own spelling alphabet, in which some of the letters were identical to the other spelling alphabets and some completely different.
46:
156:
1746:
1722:
198:
The US and UK began to coordinate calling alphabets by the military during World War II and by 1943 they had settled on a streamline communications that became known as the CCB. Both nations had previous independently developed alphabet naming system dating back to World War I. Subsequently, this
2970:
The US Navy's first phonetic spelling alphabet was not used for radio, but was instead used on the deck of ships "in calling out flags to be hoisted in a signal". There were two alternative alphabets used, which were almost completely different from each other, with only the code word "Xray" in
175:
1714:(RAF) to aid communication after the take-up of radio, especially to spell out aircraft identification letters, e.g. "H for Harry", "G for George", etc. Several alphabets were used, before being superseded by the adoption of the NATO/
202:
After the creation of NATO in 1949, modifications began to take place. An alternative name for the ICAO spelling alphabet, "NATO phonetic alphabet", exists because it appears in Allied
Tactical Publication ATP-1, Volume II:
4405:
68:
prescribed the words that are used to represent each letter of the alphabet, when spelling other words out loud, letter-by-letter, and how the spelling words should be pronounced for use by the
5046:
3719:(Alfa, Bravo, etc.), in 1956. Before the JAN phonetic alphabet, each branch of the armed forces had used its own radio alphabet, leading to difficulties in interbranch communication.
83:
and had evolved separately in the different services in the two countries. For communication between the different countries and different services specific alphabets were mandated.
5026:
1781:, but the RAF alphabet was based on that of the "signalese" of the army signallers. This was not a full alphabet, but differentiated only the letters most frequently misunderstood:
4657:
174:
1774:, which made them subject to inadvertent and deliberate interference. Spelling alphabets were introduced for wire telephony as well as on the newer radio voice equipment.
113:
had defined terminology to describe the scope of communications procedures among different services and nations. A summary of the terms used was published in a post-WWII
3779:
digital encoding of text, for speaking the hexadecimal digits A to F (equivalent to decimal 10 to 15), although the written form was simply the capital letters A to F.
4843:
4401:
3703:
The Joint Army/Navy (JAN) spelling alphabet was developed by the Joint Board on
November 13, 1940, and it took effect on March 1, 1941. It was reformulated by the
4942:
1788:
By 1921, the RAF "Telephony
Spelling Alphabet" had been adopted by all three armed services, and was then made mandatory for UK civil aviation, as announced in
236:
The NATO phonetic spelling alphabet was first adopted on
January 1, 1956, while the ICAO radiotelephony spelling alphabet was still undergoing final changes.
4826:
5021:
3760:, used in damage control. Dog, William, X-Ray, Yoke, and Zebra all reference designations of fittings, hatches, or doors. The response "Roger" for "
3704:
173:
141:
225:
became widespread because the signals used to facilitate the naval communications and tactics of NATO have become global. However, ATP-1 is marked
2188:
The choice of Nuts following Monkey is probably from "monkey nuts" (peanuts); likewise Orange and Pip can be similarly paired, as in "orange pip".
165:
1777:
The
British Army and the Royal Navy had developed their own quite separate spelling alphabets. The Navy system was a full alphabet, starting:
4336:
95:
57:
4809:
124:—between services of one nation and those of another nation, but not necessarily within or between the services of the individual nations
39:
4597:
5016:
1766:
battle lines were often static and forces were commonly linked by wired telephone networks. Signals were weak on long wire runs and
5031:
4429:
79:
The Allied militaries – primarily the US and the UK – had their own radiotelephone spelling alphabets which had origins back to
5056:
4321:
3746:
3742:
2978:
phonetic spelling alphabet was published in 1913, in the Naval Radio
Service's Handbook of Regulations developed by Captain
4385:"A Report by the Communications Electronics Coordination Section on COMMUNICATIONS (SIGNALS) PROCEDURES AND MESSAGE FORMS"
4326:
209:
1783:
Ack (originally "Ak"), Beer (or Bar), C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, eMma, N, O, Pip, Q, R, eSses, Toc, U, Vic, W, X, Y, Z
1715:
4920:"The Evolution and Rationale of the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) Word-Spelling Alphabet, July 1959"
5051:
5041:
4499:
3757:
52:
Phonetic And Morse Code
Alphabet, from the US Navy Signalman 3 & 2 training manual, 1996. This table combines the
4946:
30:
This article is about the alphabetic word lists used in military radio communication. For other agencies' lists, see
3712:
1733:
1729:
4436:, Allied Communications Publication ACP 121(H), Combined Communications-Electronics Board, April 2007, section 318
3738:
4997:
4384:
5036:
4346:
4446:
4560:
4530:
4351:
1799:
was adopted due to the RAF's wide commitments with NATO and worldwide sharing of civil aviation facilities.
4919:
45:
4356:
3716:
1796:
1771:
110:
103:
69:
4705:
4673:
2979:
1725:
3753:
3723:
4871:
1745:
4582:
4331:
35:
31:
4943:"Basic Military Requirements (BMR) Revised Edition, p. 328: Material Conditions of Readiness"
4341:
1789:
4621:
4604:
4433:
1767:
1711:
4658:
American Army Field Codes In the
American Expeditionary Forces During The First World War
4991:
4788:
4481:
4426:
5010:
4644:
3731:
2191:
17:
199:
second world war era letter naming became accepted as standard by the ICAO in 1947.
3727:
3711:
by the CCB "Methods and
Procedures" committee, and was used by all branches of the
3708:
1736:"RF" of 303 Squadron and the individual aircraft letter "D" which would be spoken,
99:
4888:
172:
3776:
1763:
1750:
1710:, sometimes referred to as the "RAF Phonetic Alphabet", was used by the British
80:
72:. They are not a "phonetic alphabet" in the sense in which that term is used in
3761:
214:
190:
87:
4744:
4749:. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1916 – via Internet Archive.
2962:'Interrogatory' was used in place of 'Inter' in joint Army/Navy Operations.
1721:
73:
4506:
2982:. The Handbook's procedures were described in the November 1917 edition of
4774:
3737:
The JAN spelling alphabet was used to name
Atlantic basin storms during
130:—between (but not necessarily within) two or more services of one nation
4889:"FM 24-9 Combined United States-British Radiotelephone (R/T) Procedure"
4966:
4760:
4500:"Radiotelegraph and Radiotelephone Codes, Prowords And Abbreviations"
1753:, Seneca edition, with spelling alphabet for telephone and radio use
90:, being replaced in 1956 as a result of both countries adopting the
4363:
1744:
1720:
217:, it naturally named the code words used to spell out messages by
44:
4789:"FM 24-12,:Army Extract of Combined Operating Signals (CCBP 2-2)"
4482:"FM 24-12,:Army Extract of Combined Operating Signals (CCBP 2-2)"
3749:, before being replaced with a new system of using female names.
207:
used by all navies of NATO, which adopted a modified form of the
86:
The last WWII spelling alphabet continued to be used through the
2190:"Vic" subsequently entered the English language as the standard
213:. Because the latter allows messages to be spelled via flags or
114:
91:
53:
49:
4846:(five phonetic alphabets: 1913, 1927, 1938, WWII, 1957–present)
3764:" or "R", to mean "received", also derives from this alphabet.
4967:
Joint Army/Navy (JAN) phonetic alphabet from alt.usage.english
4470:. Washington DC: Combined Communications Board. pp. 1, 2.
4844:
Phonetic Alphabet and Signal Flags by Naval Historical Center
76:, i.e. they are not a system for transcribing speech sounds.
154:
136:—within a service (but not between services) of one nation
4858:
United States Naval Radio Service Handbook of Regulations
4561:"North Atlantic Military Committee SGM-156-56 memorandum"
4531:"North Atlantic Military Committee SGM-217-55 memorandum"
4447:"North Atlantic Military Committee memorandum SGM-217-55"
3752:
Vestiges of the JAN spelling system remain in use in the
4761:"FM 24-5 Basic Field Manual Signal Communication, 1939"
4734:
Keesing's Contemporary Archives, Volume 4, Part 2, 1942
34:. For the visual representation of speech sounds, see
4622:"Phonetic Alphabets – Historic, English & Others"
3726:
used this alphabet in modified form, along with the
3784:
Joint US Army/Navy radiotelephony spelling alphabet
4660:, William Friedman, U.S. War Department, June 1942
4872:"Communications Instructions 1928 Part II: RADIO"
4468:CCBP 3-2: Combined Radiotelephone (R/T) Procedure
3734:from 1943 onward, with "Sugar" replacing "Sail".
5047:Telecommunications-related introductions in 1941
4777:. Washington, Govt. Print. Off. 19 October 1942.
3699:Joint Army/Navy radiotelephony spelling alphabet
4903:JANAP 100, Joint U.S. Amphibious Communications
3715:until the promulgation of its replacement, the
27:Word lists used in military radio communication
4684:(679), Flightglobal.com: 862, 29 December 1921
5027:Military communications of the United Kingdom
4668:
4666:
681:British Army radiotelephony spelling alphabet
675:British Army radiotelephony spelling alphabet
8:
4700:
4698:
4645:"Phonetic Alphabets In The British Service"
3775:were also widely used in the early days of
2990:US Navy phonetic alphabets 1913 to present
1316:Royal Navy radiotelephony spelling alphabet
1310:Royal Navy radiotelephony spelling alphabet
205:Allied Maritime Signal and Maneuvering Book
98:Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet, with the
66:Allied military phonetic spelling alphabets
670:United Kingdom military spelling alphabets
2199:United States military spelling alphabets
5001:, Signal Corps, United States Army, 1910
3781:
2988:
2966:US Navy radiotelephony spelling alphabet
2210:US Army radiotelephony spelling alphabet
2207:
2204:US Army radiotelephony spelling alphabet
1801:
1313:
678:
238:
56:international spelling alphabet and the
4808:United States, Navy Department (1908).
4376:
181:voice recording: NATO phonetic alphabet
4992:Signal Flags and the Phonetic Alphabet
4583:"British Phonetic Alphabets 1904-1926"
3707:following the entrance of the US into
1770:systems often used a single wire with
188:
4914:
4912:
4803:
4801:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4633:
4631:
4577:
4575:
4573:
4357:ICAO radiotelephony spelling alphabet
4337:APCO radiotelephony spelling alphabet
2997:
1803:RAF radiotelephony spelling alphabet
1779:Apples, Butter, Charlie, Duff, Edward
1749:Instruction page from WW I U.S. Army
252:
247:
244:
7:
4860:. United States Naval Radio Service.
4825:Hogan, John L. Jr. (November 1917).
4746:United States Army Signal Book, 1916
4555:
4553:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4545:
4543:
4461:
4459:
4427:Communication instructions – General
1708:RAF radiotelephony spelling alphabet
1702:RAF radiotelephony spelling alphabet
4811:Boat-Book: United States Navy, 1908
4775:"FM 24-5 Signal Communication 1942"
221:its "phonetic alphabet". The name
148:WWII CCB (ICAO) and NATO alphabets
25:
5022:History of the United States Army
4598:"International Phonetic Alphabet"
4408:from the original on 17 May 2013
4366:—example of signalese carry-over
3758:Material Conditions of Readiness
189:Problems playing this file? See
170:
5003:—a book at the Internet Archive
4856:Bullard, William H. G. (1913).
4322:Allied Communication Procedures
240:Wartime CCB and post-war NATO
1:
4466:Myers, Charles (1945-02-14).
4402:"Globalization and Sea Power"
4327:International Code of Signals
210:International Code of Signals
142:Combined Communications Board
4724:– via Flightglobal.com
1716:ICAO radiotelephony alphabet
4716:(2451): 63, 13 January 1956
2192:"Vee"-shaped flight pattern
5073:
4827:"Wireless Work in Wartime"
3713:United States Armed Forces
1726:Supermarine Spitfire Mk Vb
29:
4706:"'Alfa Bravo' for R.A.F."
4299:
4285:
4271:
4257:
4243:
4229:
4215:
4201:
4187:
4173:
4159:
4145:
4131:
4117:
4103:
4089:
4075:
4061:
4047:
4033:
4019:
4005:
3991:
3977:
3963:
3949:
3935:
3921:
3907:
3893:
3879:
3865:
3851:
3837:
3823:
3809:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3789:
3670:
3644:
3618:
3592:
3566:
3540:
3514:
3488:
3462:
3436:
3410:
3384:
3358:
3332:
3306:
3280:
3254:
3228:
3202:
3176:
3150:
3124:
3098:
3072:
3046:
3020:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2994:
2941:
2922:
2903:
2884:
2865:
2846:
2827:
2808:
2789:
2770:
2750:
2730:
2710:
2690:
2670:
2650:
2630:
2610:
2590:
2570:
2550:
2530:
2510:
2490:
2470:
2450:
2430:
2410:
2390:
2370:
2350:
2330:
2310:
2290:
2270:
2250:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2171:
2157:
2143:
2129:
2115:
2101:
2087:
2073:
2059:
2045:
2031:
2017:
2003:
1989:
1975:
1961:
1947:
1933:
1919:
1905:
1891:
1877:
1863:
1849:
1835:
1821:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1685:
1671:
1657:
1643:
1629:
1615:
1601:
1587:
1573:
1559:
1545:
1531:
1517:
1503:
1489:
1475:
1461:
1447:
1433:
1419:
1405:
1391:
1377:
1363:
1349:
1335:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1284:
1261:
1238:
1215:
1192:
1169:
1146:
1123:
1100:
1077:
1054:
1031:
1008:
985:
962:
939:
916:
893:
870:
847:
824:
801:
778:
755:
732:
709:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
655:
643:
631:
619:
607:
595:
583:
571:
559:
547:
542:
536:
531:
525:
520:
514:
509:
503:
498:
495:
490:
484:
479:
473:
468:
462:
457:
451:
446:
440:
435:
429:
424:
418:
402:
397:
394:
389:
383:
378:
372:
367:
361:
356:
350:
345:
339:
334:
328:
323:
317:
312:
306:
301:
295:
290:
287:
282:
276:
271:
265:
260:
257:
102:calling their usage the "
60:International Morse Code.
5017:1941 in military history
4994:—NavSource Naval History
4347:German phonetic alphabet
3925:Item (or Interrogatory)
261:March 1, 1956 – present
5032:Military communications
4905:. US Department of War.
4352:Greek spelling alphabet
2984:Popular Science Monthly
1730:303 Kościuszko Squadron
5057:Allies of World War II
3717:ICAO spelling alphabet
1797:NATO phonetic alphabet
1754:
1742:
223:NATO phonetic alphabet
166:NATO phonetic alphabet
159:
104:NATO Phonetic Alphabet
70:Allies of World War II
61:
38:. For other uses, see
2980:William H. G. Bullard
2010:Nan/Nab/Negat/Nectar
1748:
1724:
258:Jan 1 – Feb 29, 1956
158:
48:
18:RAF phonetic alphabet
4432:22 July 2011 at the
2974:The US Navy's first
250:(same as 1947 ICAO)
3786:
2991:
2212:
1940:Item/Interrogatory
1804:
1318:
683:
241:
5052:United States Navy
5042:Spelling alphabets
4814:. Naval Institute.
4674:"Notice to Airmen"
3782:
2989:
2208:
2194:of three aircraft.
1802:
1755:
1743:
1314:
679:
239:
160:
62:
4332:Spelling alphabet
4313:
4312:
3756:, in the form of
3696:
3695:
2960:
2959:
2219:1916 Signal Book
2185:
2184:
1734:RAF squadron code
1699:
1698:
1307:
1306:
667:
666:
227:NATO Confidential
176:
109:During WWII, the
40:phonetic alphabet
36:phonetic notation
32:spelling alphabet
16:(Redirected from
5064:
4999:Visual Signaling
4979:
4978:U.S Army FM 24-5
4976:
4970:
4964:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4945:. Archived from
4939:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4929:
4924:
4916:
4907:
4906:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4885:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4868:
4862:
4861:
4853:
4847:
4841:
4835:
4834:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4805:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4785:
4779:
4778:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4763:. November 1939.
4757:
4751:
4750:
4741:
4735:
4732:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4702:
4693:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4670:
4661:
4655:
4649:
4648:
4641:
4626:
4625:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4603:. Archived from
4602:
4596:Skiba, Richard.
4593:
4587:
4586:
4579:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4557:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4527:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4511:
4505:. Archived from
4504:
4495:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4463:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4443:
4437:
4424:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4398:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4381:
4342:Cockney alphabet
3787:
3785:
3739:hurricane season
2992:
2213:
2211:
2195:
1805:
1790:Notice to Airmen
1741:
1319:
1317:
684:
682:
248:1943 CCB (US-UK)
242:
178:
177:
157:
21:
5072:
5071:
5067:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5062:
5061:
5037:Royal Air Force
5007:
5006:
4988:
4983:
4982:
4977:
4973:
4965:
4961:
4952:
4950:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4918:
4917:
4910:
4901:
4900:
4896:
4887:
4886:
4882:
4874:
4870:
4869:
4865:
4855:
4854:
4850:
4842:
4838:
4831:Popular Science
4824:
4823:
4819:
4807:
4806:
4799:
4791:
4787:
4786:
4782:
4773:
4772:
4768:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4743:
4742:
4738:
4733:
4729:
4719:
4717:
4704:
4703:
4696:
4687:
4685:
4672:
4671:
4664:
4656:
4652:
4643:
4642:
4629:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4607:
4600:
4595:
4594:
4590:
4581:
4580:
4571:
4563:
4559:
4558:
4541:
4533:
4529:
4528:
4524:
4515:
4513:
4509:
4502:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4484:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4465:
4464:
4457:
4449:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4434:Wayback Machine
4425:
4421:
4411:
4409:
4404:. Isn.ethz.ch.
4400:
4399:
4395:
4387:
4383:
4382:
4378:
4373:
4318:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3793:Joint Army/Navy
3783:
3762:· – ·
3701:
2968:
2209:
2206:
2201:
2189:
2187:
1768:field telephone
1760:
1737:
1712:Royal Air Force
1704:
1315:
1312:
680:
677:
672:
249:
231:NATO Restricted
196:
195:
187:
185:
184:
183:
182:
179:
171:
168:
161:
155:
150:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5070:
5068:
5060:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5009:
5008:
5005:
5004:
4995:
4987:
4986:External links
4984:
4981:
4980:
4971:
4959:
4934:
4908:
4894:
4880:
4863:
4848:
4836:
4833:. p. 793.
4817:
4797:
4780:
4766:
4752:
4736:
4727:
4694:
4662:
4650:
4627:
4613:
4610:on 2006-08-20.
4588:
4569:
4539:
4522:
4498:Alcorn, John.
4490:
4473:
4455:
4438:
4419:
4393:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4329:
4324:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4307:
4304:
4301:
4297:
4296:
4293:
4290:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4273:
4269:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4255:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4241:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4227:
4226:
4223:
4220:
4217:
4213:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4199:
4198:
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3008:
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2999:
2996:
2976:radiotelephony
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2039:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2022:
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2015:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1983:
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1969:
1966:
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1955:
1952:
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1833:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1759:
1756:
1728:of the Polish
1703:
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1413:
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1407:
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1399:
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1393:
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1379:
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1371:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1311:
1308:
1305:
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1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1275:
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1269:
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1255:
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1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
983:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
960:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
937:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
914:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
891:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
868:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
845:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
822:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
799:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
776:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
753:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
730:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
707:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
676:
673:
671:
668:
665:
664:
662:
660:
657:
653:
652:
650:
648:
645:
641:
640:
638:
636:
633:
629:
628:
626:
624:
621:
617:
616:
614:
612:
609:
605:
604:
602:
600:
597:
593:
592:
590:
588:
585:
581:
580:
578:
576:
573:
569:
568:
566:
564:
561:
557:
556:
554:
552:
549:
545:
544:
541:
538:
534:
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523:
522:
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516:
512:
511:
508:
505:
501:
500:
497:
493:
492:
489:
486:
482:
481:
478:
475:
471:
470:
467:
464:
460:
459:
456:
453:
449:
448:
445:
442:
438:
437:
434:
431:
427:
426:
423:
420:
416:
415:
412:
407:
404:
400:
399:
396:
392:
391:
388:
385:
381:
380:
377:
374:
370:
369:
366:
363:
359:
358:
355:
352:
348:
347:
344:
341:
337:
336:
333:
330:
326:
325:
322:
319:
315:
314:
311:
308:
304:
303:
300:
297:
293:
292:
289:
285:
284:
281:
278:
274:
273:
270:
267:
263:
262:
259:
255:
254:
251:
246:
229:(or the lower
186:
180:
169:
164:
163:
162:
153:
152:
151:
149:
146:
138:
137:
131:
125:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5069:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5002:
5000:
4996:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4985:
4975:
4972:
4968:
4963:
4960:
4949:on 2016-08-17
4948:
4944:
4938:
4935:
4921:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4904:
4898:
4895:
4890:
4884:
4881:
4873:
4867:
4864:
4859:
4852:
4849:
4845:
4840:
4837:
4832:
4828:
4821:
4818:
4813:
4812:
4804:
4802:
4798:
4790:
4784:
4781:
4776:
4770:
4767:
4762:
4756:
4753:
4748:
4747:
4740:
4737:
4731:
4728:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4669:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4654:
4651:
4646:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4634:
4632:
4628:
4623:
4617:
4614:
4606:
4599:
4592:
4589:
4584:
4578:
4576:
4574:
4570:
4562:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4532:
4526:
4523:
4512:on 2016-06-03
4508:
4501:
4494:
4491:
4483:
4477:
4474:
4469:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4448:
4442:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4428:
4423:
4420:
4407:
4403:
4397:
4394:
4386:
4380:
4377:
4370:
4365:
4362:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4315:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4277:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4263:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4249:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4137:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4081:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4053:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4039:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4025:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3997:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3920:
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3913:
3910:
3906:
3902:
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3896:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3815:
3812:
3808:
3805:1956–present
3788:
3780:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3735:
3733:
3732:Canadian Army
3729:
3725:
3720:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3698:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3598:
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3572:
3569:
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3497:
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3416:
3413:
3409:
3405:
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3379:
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3364:
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3335:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3015:1956–present
2993:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2972:
2965:
2963:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2246:
2245:1956–present
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2214:
2203:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1817:1956–present
1806:
1800:
1798:
1795:In 1956, the
1793:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1701:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1684:
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1677:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1331:1956–present
1320:
1309:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
984:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
961:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
938:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:
915:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
892:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
869:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
846:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
823:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
800:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
777:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
754:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
731:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
708:
705:1956–present
685:
674:
669:
663:
661:
658:
654:
651:
649:
646:
642:
639:
637:
634:
630:
627:
625:
622:
618:
615:
613:
610:
606:
603:
601:
598:
594:
591:
589:
586:
582:
579:
577:
574:
570:
567:
565:
562:
558:
555:
553:
550:
546:
539:
535:
528:
524:
517:
513:
506:
502:
494:
487:
483:
476:
472:
465:
461:
454:
450:
443:
439:
432:
428:
421:
417:
413:
411:
408:
405:
401:
393:
386:
382:
375:
371:
364:
360:
353:
349:
342:
338:
331:
327:
320:
316:
309:
305:
298:
294:
286:
279:
275:
268:
264:
256:
243:
237:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
211:
206:
200:
194:
192:
167:
147:
145:
143:
135:
132:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
118:
116:
112:
107:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
84:
82:
77:
75:
71:
67:
59:
55:
51:
47:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4998:
4974:
4969:(at the end)
4962:
4951:. Retrieved
4947:the original
4937:
4926:. Retrieved
4902:
4897:
4883:
4866:
4857:
4851:
4839:
4830:
4820:
4810:
4783:
4769:
4755:
4745:
4739:
4730:
4718:, retrieved
4713:
4709:
4686:, retrieved
4681:
4677:
4653:
4616:
4605:the original
4591:
4525:
4514:. Retrieved
4507:the original
4493:
4476:
4467:
4441:
4422:
4410:. Retrieved
4396:
4379:
3772:
3768:
3766:
3751:
3736:
3728:British Army
3721:
3709:World War II
3702:
3014:
2983:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2961:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2186:
1951:Jug/Johnnie
1828:Able/Affirm
1794:
1792:Number 107.
1787:
1782:
1778:
1776:
1772:earth return
1761:
1738:
1732:showing the
1707:
1705:
409:
235:
230:
226:
222:
218:
208:
204:
201:
197:
139:
133:
127:
121:
108:
100:NATO members
85:
78:
65:
63:
4065:Sail/Sugar
3777:hexadecimal
2038:Peter/Prep
1954:Jig/Johnny
1764:World War I
1751:trench code
81:World War I
5011:Categories
4953:2016-07-10
4928:2017-11-01
4516:2017-10-30
4371:References
3800:1943–1955
3795:1941–1943
3767:The names
3004:1927–1937
3001:1913–1926
2239:1943–1955
2233:1941–1943
2227:1939–1941
2221:1916–1939
1814:1942–1955
1811:1921–1942
1325:1914–1918
699:1914–1918
215:Morse code
191:media help
140:Thus, the
88:Korean War
4720:11 August
4688:11 August
4412:11 August
4222:Thuh-ree
4001:November
3492:Shipmate
3440:Quadrant
3380:November
3284:Knapsack
3206:Halliard
2839:Thuh-ree
2526:November
2237:FM 24-12
2013:November
1527:November
1027:November
587:Thuh-ree
414:November
74:phonetics
4430:Archived
4406:Archived
4316:See also
4124:WILLIAM
4121:William
4099:Uniform
3945:Juliett
3889:Foxtrot
3847:Charlie
3844:CHARLIE
3841:Charlie
3614:Whiskey
3611:WILLIAM
3608:William
3605:William
3596:Windage
3562:Uniform
3518:Topsail
3362:Neptune
3276:Juliett
3180:Gangway
3172:Foxtrot
3094:Charlie
3091:CHARLIE
3076:Canteen
2971:common.
2912:Sev-ven
2909:Sev-ven
2836:Th-r-ee
2833:Th-r-ee
2706:Whiskey
2703:William
2700:William
2697:William
2666:Uniform
2446:Juliett
2366:Foxtrot
2306:Charlie
2303:Charlie
2231:FM 24-5
2225:FM 24-5
2139:Whiskey
2136:William
2133:William
2111:Uniform
1957:Juliett
1901:Foxtrot
1895:Freddie
1859:Charlie
1856:Charlie
1853:Charlie
1650:William
1647:William
1633:Vinegar
1625:Uniform
1563:Queenie
1549:Pudding
1471:Juliett
1468:Johnnie
1465:Johnnie
1415:Foxtrot
1373:Charlie
1370:Charlie
1367:Charlie
1231:William
1228:William
1222:William
1205:Vinegar
1188:Uniform
1090:Queenie
1067:Pudding
935:Juliett
929:Johnnie
843:Foxtrot
837:Freddie
774:Charlie
768:Charlie
510:Whiskey
507:William
491:Uniform
368:Juliett
324:Foxtrot
291:Charlie
122:combined
4891:. 1942.
4250:Fi-yiv
4236:Fo-wer
4155:Yankee
4127:Whisky
4113:Victor
4110:VICTOR
4107:Victor
4071:Sierra
4043:Quebec
3900:GEORGE
3897:George
3790:Letter
3754:US Navy
3724:US Army
3666:Yankee
3648:Yeoman
3588:Victor
3585:VICTOR
3582:Victor
3570:Vessel
3544:Unload
3510:Sierra
3466:Reefer
3458:Quebec
3414:Pistol
3403:OPTION
3400:Option
3397:Option
3388:Oyster
3336:Musket
3310:Lugger
3258:Jockey
3232:Insect
3195:GEORGE
3192:George
3189:George
3186:George
3154:Fisher
2995:Letter
2950:Ni-yen
2947:Ni-yen
2877:Fi-yiv
2874:Fi-yiv
2861:Fow-er
2858:Fo-wer
2855:Fo-wer
2852:Fo-wer
2746:Yankee
2686:Victor
2683:Victor
2680:Victor
2677:Victor
2626:Sierra
2586:Quebec
2540:Option
2537:Option
2383:George
2380:George
2377:George
2374:George
2216:Letter
2167:Yankee
2161:Yorker
2125:Victor
2122:Victor
2083:Sierra
2063:Robert
2055:Quebec
2021:Orange
1993:Monkey
1979:London
1912:George
1909:George
1881:Edward
1808:Letter
1762:During
1758:History
1681:Yankee
1675:Yellow
1661:Xerxes
1653:Whisky
1639:Victor
1597:Sierra
1580:Robert
1577:Robert
1569:Quebec
1538:Orange
1535:Orange
1510:Monkey
1507:Monkey
1493:London
1426:George
1423:George
1409:Freddy
1398:Edward
1395:Edward
1353:Butter
1339:Apples
1322:Letter
1280:Yankee
1277:Yellow
1274:Yorker
1268:Yellow
1254:Xerxes
1245:Xerxes
1234:Whisky
1211:Victor
1142:Sierra
1116:Robert
1113:Robert
1107:Robert
1096:Quebec
1047:Orange
1044:Orange
1038:Orange
998:Monkey
978:London
975:London
969:London
863:George
860:George
854:George
840:Freddy
831:Freddy
814:Edward
745:Butter
722:Apples
687:Letter
611:Fi-yiv
599:Fo-wer
532:Yankee
499:Victor
469:Sierra
447:Quebec
332:George
245:Letter
4710:Flight
4678:Flight
4309:Niner
4306:Niner
4289:Eight
4281:Seven
4278:Seven
4275:Seven
4239:Fower
4219:Three
4166:ZEBRA
4163:Zebra
4141:X-ray
4135:X-ray
4096:UNCLE
4093:Uncle
4085:Tango
4068:SUGAR
4057:Romeo
4054:ROGER
4051:Roger
4040:QUEEN
4037:Queen
4026:PETER
4023:Peter
4015:Oscar
3931:India
3917:Hotel
3861:Delta
3833:Bravo
3830:BAKER
3827:Baker
3689:ZEBRA
3674:Zebra
3651:Yacht
3640:X-ray
3634:X-ray
3631:X-ray
3628:X-ray
3602:Watch
3599:Winch
3559:UNCLE
3536:Tango
3507:SUGAR
3495:Scout
3484:Romeo
3481:ROGER
3478:Roger
3475:Roger
3455:QUEEN
3452:Queen
3449:Quack
3446:Quack
3443:Quail
3406:Oscar
3377:NEGAT
3374:Negat
3371:Negat
3250:India
3224:Hotel
3209:Horse
3128:Eagle
3120:Delta
3102:Diver
3079:Chain
3068:Bravo
3065:BAKER
3062:Baker
3059:Baker
3050:Baker
3039:AFIRM
3036:Afirm
3033:Afirm
3024:Actor
2956:Niner
2953:Niner
2918:Seven
2915:Seven
2871:Fi-iv
2763:Zebra
2726:X-ray
2714:X-ray
2694:Watch
2663:Uncle
2646:Tango
2623:Sugar
2606:Romeo
2603:Roger
2600:Roger
2597:Roger
2583:Queen
2580:Queen
2577:Queen
2574:Quack
2563:Peter
2546:Oscar
2520:Negat
2517:Negat
2426:India
2420:Inter
2417:Inter
2406:Hotel
2326:Delta
2286:Bravo
2283:Baker
2280:Baker
2277:Baker
2260:Afirm
2257:Afirm
2178:Zebra
2175:Zebra
2153:X-ray
2150:X-ray
2147:X-ray
2108:Uncle
2105:Uncle
2097:Tango
2080:Sugar
2077:Sugar
2069:Romeo
2066:Roger
2052:Queen
2049:Queen
2027:Oscar
1943:India
1929:Hotel
1923:Harry
1873:Delta
1845:Bravo
1842:Baker
1825:Apple
1692:Zebra
1689:Zebra
1667:X-ray
1664:X-ray
1622:Uncle
1619:Uncle
1611:Tango
1605:Tommy
1594:Sugar
1591:Sugar
1583:Romeo
1566:Queen
1541:Oscar
1457:India
1443:Hotel
1437:Harry
1387:Delta
1359:Bravo
1300:Zebra
1297:Zebra
1291:Zebra
1257:X-ray
1251:X-Ray
1185:Uncle
1182:Uncle
1176:Uncle
1165:Tango
1159:Tommy
1139:Esses
1136:Sugar
1133:Esses
1130:Esses
1127:Esses
1119:Romeo
1050:Oscar
912:India
889:Hotel
886:Harry
883:Harry
877:Harry
797:Delta
751:Bravo
659:Niner
635:Seven
540:Zebra
521:X-ray
488:Uncle
480:Tango
466:Sugar
458:Romeo
455:Roger
444:Queen
433:Peter
425:Oscar
410:Nectar
357:India
346:Hotel
302:Delta
283:Bravo
280:Baker
117:memo:
111:Allies
4923:(PDF)
4875:(PDF)
4792:(PDF)
4608:(PDF)
4601:(PDF)
4564:(PDF)
4534:(PDF)
4510:(PDF)
4503:(PDF)
4485:(PDF)
4450:(PDF)
4388:(PDF)
4364:Toc H
4303:Nine
4267:Siks
4253:Fife
4247:Five
4233:Four
4225:Tree
4183:Zero
4180:Zero
4177:Zero
4169:Zulu
4152:YOKE
4149:Yoke
4138:XRAY
4082:TARE
4079:Tare
4029:Papa
4012:OBOE
4009:Oboe
3987:Mike
3984:MIKE
3981:Mike
3973:Lima
3970:LOVE
3967:Love
3959:Kilo
3956:KING
3953:King
3928:ITEM
3903:Golf
3875:Echo
3872:EASY
3869:Easy
3819:Alfa
3816:ABLE
3813:Able
3741:from
3692:Zulu
3663:YOKE
3660:Yoke
3657:Yoke
3654:Yoke
3637:XRAY
3625:Xray
3622:Xray
3579:Vice
3576:Vice
3573:Vast
3556:Unit
3553:Unit
3550:Unit
3533:TARE
3530:Tare
3527:Tare
3524:Tare
3521:Tide
3504:Sail
3501:Sail
3498:Sail
3472:Rush
3469:Raft
3432:Papa
3429:PREP
3426:Prep
3423:Prep
3417:Page
3394:Oboe
3354:Mike
3351:MIKE
3348:Mike
3345:Mike
3342:Mike
3339:Mule
3328:Lima
3325:LOVE
3322:Love
3319:Love
3316:Love
3313:Lash
3302:Kilo
3299:KING
3296:King
3293:King
3290:King
3287:King
3261:Jake
3238:Item
3218:Hypo
3215:Hypo
3212:Have
3198:Golf
3146:Echo
3143:EASY
3140:Easy
3137:Easy
3134:Easy
3088:Cast
3085:Cast
3082:Cast
3053:Back
3042:Alfa
3030:Able
3013:ICAO
3010:WWII
3007:1938
2998:1908
2899:Siks
2893:Siks
2890:Siks
2880:Fife
2842:Tree
2785:Zero
2782:Zero
2779:Zero
2776:Zero
2766:Zulu
2743:Yoke
2740:Yoke
2737:Yoke
2734:Yoke
2723:Xray
2720:Xray
2717:Xray
2674:Vice
2660:Unit
2657:Unit
2654:Unit
2643:Tare
2640:Tare
2637:Tare
2634:Tare
2620:Sail
2617:Sail
2614:Sail
2594:Rush
2566:Papa
2560:Prep
2557:Prep
2543:Oboe
2534:Opal
2506:Mike
2503:Mike
2500:Mike
2497:Mike
2494:Mike
2486:Lima
2483:Love
2480:Love
2477:Love
2474:Love
2466:Kilo
2463:King
2460:King
2457:King
2454:King
2423:Item
2414:Item
2400:Hypo
2397:Hypo
2394:Have
2386:Golf
2346:Echo
2343:Easy
2340:Easy
2337:Easy
2334:Easy
2314:Dock
2300:Cast
2297:Cast
2294:Cast
2266:Alfa
2263:Able
2254:Able
2243:ICAO
2181:Zulu
2164:Yoke
2094:Tare
2041:Papa
2024:Oboe
2007:Nuts
1999:Mike
1996:Mike
1985:Lima
1982:Love
1971:Kilo
1968:King
1965:King
1915:Golf
1887:Echo
1884:Easy
1839:Beer
1831:Alfa
1739:D-Dog
1695:Zulu
1678:Yoke
1555:Papa
1521:Nuts
1513:Mike
1499:Lima
1496:Love
1485:Kilo
1482:King
1479:King
1429:Golf
1401:Echo
1381:Duff
1356:Beer
1345:Alfa
1328:1921
1303:Zulu
1093:Quad
1084:Quad
1073:Papa
1024:Nuts
1021:Nuts
1015:Nuts
1004:Mike
1001:Emma
995:Emma
992:Emma
989:Emma
981:Lima
958:Kilo
955:King
952:King
946:King
866:Golf
820:Echo
817:Eddy
808:Eddy
791:Duff
771:Cork
762:Cork
748:Beer
742:Beer
739:Beer
736:Beer
728:Alfa
702:1918
696:1914
693:1904
690:1904
551:Zero
543:Zulu
529:Yoke
518:Xray
477:Tare
436:Papa
422:Oboe
398:Mike
390:Lima
387:Love
379:Kilo
376:King
354:Item
335:Golf
313:Echo
310:Easy
272:Alfa
269:Able
253:NATO
219:voice
134:intra
128:joint
4722:2014
4690:2014
4682:XIII
4414:2014
4295:Ate
4292:Ate
4264:Six
4261:Six
4211:Too
4208:Too
4205:Two
4197:Wun
4194:Wun
4191:One
3998:NAN
3995:Nan
3942:JIG
3939:Jig
3914:HOW
3911:How
3886:FOX
3883:Fox
3858:DOG
3855:Dog
3803:ICAO
3769:Able
3747:1952
3743:1947
3730:and
3722:The
3686:Zed
3683:Zed
3680:Zed
3677:Zoo
3547:Use
3420:Pup
3391:Oak
3368:Nan
3365:Net
3273:JIG
3270:Jig
3267:Jig
3264:Jig
3247:INT
3244:Int
3241:Int
3235:Ice
3221:HOW
3183:Gig
3169:FOX
3166:Fox
3163:Fox
3160:Fox
3157:Fox
3131:Egg
3117:DOG
3114:Dog
3111:Dog
3108:Dog
3105:Dog
3056:Boy
3027:Ash
2937:Ate
2934:Ate
2931:Ate
2928:Ate
2896:Six
2823:Too
2820:Too
2817:Too
2814:Too
2804:Wun
2801:Wun
2798:Wun
2795:Wun
2760:Zed
2757:Zed
2754:Zed
2554:Pup
2523:Nan
2514:Nan
2443:Jig
2440:Jig
2437:Jig
2434:Jig
2403:How
2363:Fox
2360:Fox
2357:Fox
2354:Fox
2323:Dog
2320:Dog
2317:Dog
2274:Boy
2119:Vic
2091:Toc
2035:Pip
1937:Ink
1926:How
1898:Fox
1870:Dog
1867:Don
1706:The
1636:Vic
1608:Toc
1552:Pip
1524:Nan
1454:Ink
1451:Ink
1440:How
1412:Fox
1384:Don
1208:Vic
1202:Vic
1199:Vic
1196:Vic
1162:Toc
1156:Toc
1153:Toc
1150:Toc
1070:Pip
1064:Pip
1061:Pip
1058:Pip
932:Jug
923:Jug
909:Ink
906:Ink
900:Ink
794:Don
788:Don
785:Don
725:Ack
719:Ack
716:Ack
713:Ack
647:Ate
623:Six
575:Too
563:Wun
406:Nan
365:Jig
343:How
321:Fox
299:Dog
115:NATO
92:ICAO
64:The
54:ICAO
50:NATO
3798:CCB
3773:Fox
3771:to
3745:to
3705:CCB
1342:Ac
106:".
96:ITU
58:ITU
5013::
4911:^
4829:.
4800:^
4714:69
4712:,
4708:,
4697:^
4680:,
4676:,
4665:^
4630:^
4572:^
4542:^
4458:^
4300:9
4286:8
4272:7
4258:6
4244:5
4230:4
4216:3
4202:2
4188:1
4174:0
4160:Z
4146:Y
4132:X
4118:W
4104:V
4090:U
4076:T
4062:S
4048:R
4034:Q
4020:P
4006:O
3992:N
3978:M
3964:L
3950:K
3936:J
3922:I
3908:H
3894:G
3880:F
3866:E
3852:D
3838:C
3824:B
3810:A
3671:Z
3645:Y
3619:X
3593:W
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3515:T
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3437:Q
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3359:N
3333:M
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3255:J
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3177:G
3151:F
3125:E
3099:D
3073:C
3047:B
3021:A
2986:.
2942:9
2923:8
2904:7
2885:6
2866:5
2847:4
2828:3
2809:2
2790:1
2771:0
2751:Z
2731:Y
2711:X
2691:W
2671:V
2651:U
2631:T
2611:S
2591:R
2571:Q
2551:P
2531:O
2511:N
2491:M
2471:L
2451:K
2431:J
2411:I
2391:H
2371:G
2351:F
2331:E
2311:D
2291:C
2271:B
2251:A
2172:Z
2158:Y
2144:X
2130:W
2116:V
2102:U
2088:T
2074:S
2060:R
2046:Q
2032:P
2018:O
2004:N
1990:M
1976:L
1962:K
1948:J
1934:I
1920:H
1906:G
1892:F
1878:E
1864:D
1850:C
1836:B
1822:A
1785:.
1718:.
1686:Z
1672:Y
1658:X
1644:W
1630:V
1616:U
1602:T
1588:S
1574:R
1560:Q
1546:P
1532:O
1518:N
1504:M
1490:L
1476:K
1462:J
1448:I
1434:H
1420:G
1406:F
1392:E
1378:D
1364:C
1350:B
1336:A
1294:Z
1288:Z
1285:Z
1271:Y
1265:Y
1262:Y
1248:X
1242:X
1239:X
1225:W
1219:W
1216:W
1193:V
1179:U
1173:U
1170:U
1147:T
1124:S
1110:R
1104:R
1101:R
1087:Q
1081:Q
1078:Q
1055:P
1041:O
1035:O
1032:O
1018:N
1012:N
1009:N
986:M
972:L
966:L
963:L
949:K
943:K
940:K
926:J
920:J
917:J
903:I
897:I
894:I
880:H
874:H
871:H
857:G
851:G
848:G
834:F
828:F
825:F
811:E
805:E
802:E
782:D
779:D
765:C
759:C
756:C
733:B
710:A
656:9
644:8
632:7
620:6
608:5
596:4
584:3
572:2
560:1
548:0
537:Z
526:Y
515:X
504:W
496:V
485:U
474:T
463:S
452:R
441:Q
430:P
419:O
403:N
395:M
384:L
373:K
362:J
351:I
340:H
329:G
318:F
307:E
296:D
288:C
277:B
266:A
4956:.
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4536:.
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4487:.
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94:/
42:.
20:)
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