1688:
92:
2728:
33:
2738:
2102:
848:
599:
118:
1944. With tints constantly added to the collection, it was revised again in 1961 and changed to "RAL 840-HR", which consists of 210 colours and is in use to this day. In the 1960s, the colours were given supplemental names to avoid confusion in case of transposed digits. At the international furnishing fair
117:
In the 1930s, the numbers were changed uniformly to four digits and the collection was renamed to "RAL 840 R" (R for revised). Around 1940, the RAL colours were changed to the four-digit system, as is customary. Army camouflage colours were always recognized by a "7" or "8" in the first place until
139:"RAL 840-HR" covered only matte paint, so the 1980s saw the invention of "RAL 841-GL" for glossy surfaces, limited to 193 colours. A main criterion for colours in the RAL Classic collection is to be of "paramount interest". Therefore, most of the colours in it are used on warning and
843:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\text{RAL}}_{\text{Design}}&=\left(h_{ab}^{\circ },L^{*},C_{ab}^{*}\right)\\a^{*}&=C_{ab}^{*}\cdot \cos \left(h_{ab}^{\circ }\right)\\b^{*}&=C_{ab}^{*}\cdot \sin \left(h_{ab}^{\circ }\right)\end{aligned}}}
77:, but now plastics as well. Approved RAL products are provided with a hologram to make unauthorised versions difficult to produce. Imitations may show different hue and colour when observed under various light sources.
110:(Imperial Committee for Delivery and Quality Assurance) invented a collection of forty colours under the name of "RAL 840". Prior to that date, manufacturers and customers had to exchange samples to describe a
1008:
604:
64:
1124:
2354:
1098:
1051:
933:
555:. It started with 1,688 colours and was revised to 1,625 colours and again to 1,825 colours. The colours of RAL Classic and RAL Design do not intersect.
2505:
1243:
880:
RAL Effect comprises 420 solid colours and seventy metallic colours. It is the first collection from RAL to be based on waterborne paint systems.
2359:
2495:
1724:
1175:
1128:
590:(relative saturation). The three numeric components of almost all RAL Design colours are multiples of 5, the majority are divisible by 10.
2571:
1195:
1545:
2516:
2797:
2741:
2695:
1462:
1102:
1055:
2576:
2511:
2500:
2772:
1588:
1223:
2787:
2379:
2039:
2782:
2762:
1813:
2802:
2581:
2239:
2168:
1897:
1717:
1598:
1324:
467:
This collection, which follows the naming of RAL Classic, was invented in 1984. It is now made up of ten colours (
2777:
2556:
2374:
2346:
1168:
941:
2551:
2546:
2541:
558:
Contrary to the preceding systems, RAL Design features no names and its numbering follows a scheme based on the
2561:
2024:
1757:
1329:
963:
2608:
2566:
1692:
2792:
1964:
1789:
1210:
53:
2490:
2245:
2146:
2134:
1710:
1319:
908:
1672:
2767:
2463:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1615:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1161:
903:
1630:
1077:
984:
2593:
2178:
2110:
1999:
1801:
1620:
1593:
532:
86:
59:
2007:
1959:
1907:
1892:
1887:
1865:
1794:
1660:
1490:
1271:
563:
559:
1667:
48:
2703:
2656:
2384:
2253:
2151:
2068:
2029:
1946:
1902:
1535:
1286:
1233:
566:. Each colour is represented by seven digits, grouped in a triple and two pairs, representing
2651:
2646:
2626:
2621:
2206:
1979:
1974:
1954:
1912:
1870:
1848:
1772:
1530:
1495:
1304:
44:
2681:
2671:
2666:
2631:
2533:
2369:
2316:
2233:
2228:
2139:
2034:
1610:
1570:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1525:
1510:
1314:
1296:
1030:
17:
2731:
2676:
2661:
2641:
2636:
2419:
2201:
2087:
2056:
2012:
1969:
1841:
1806:
1779:
165:
RAL 1032 - German Postal
Service). The first digit relates to the shade of the colour:
150:
91:
74:
2756:
2616:
2414:
2196:
2188:
2121:
1989:
1929:
1853:
1836:
1742:
587:
2588:
2451:
2407:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2129:
2082:
2051:
1984:
1828:
1603:
1200:
1184:
897:
140:
2446:
2269:
2173:
2017:
1922:
1880:
1875:
1818:
1784:
1625:
1520:
888:
RAL Digital is software that allows designers to navigate the RAL colour space.
552:
124:, 13-19 January 2020, two new colours were presented in the Classic Collection:
120:
32:
2598:
2441:
2278:
2161:
2101:
1917:
1858:
1515:
543:
In 1993 a new colour matching system was introduced, tailored to the needs of
525:
69:. In colloquial speech, RAL refers to the RAL Classic system, mainly used for
2458:
2431:
2426:
1935:
1450:
1438:
1433:
1364:
1359:
1099:"Does RAL CLASSIC include the camouflage colours of Germany's Armed Forces?"
571:
544:
1382:
1374:
143:
or are dedicated to government agencies and public services (for example:
2713:
2436:
2044:
1505:
1500:
1428:
1423:
1354:
1344:
1281:
1218:
548:
442:
412:
382:
352:
322:
292:
262:
232:
202:
2485:
1767:
1650:
1540:
913:
70:
2708:
2311:
2301:
1339:
1276:
1009:"RAL COLOURS at imm cologne 2020 – The international furnishing fair"
2336:
2331:
2321:
2291:
1762:
1733:
1474:
1469:
1457:
1445:
1418:
1399:
1394:
1334:
1228:
90:
31:
2326:
2306:
2286:
2156:
2073:
1702:
1411:
1349:
1309:
111:
1706:
1157:
1153:
2402:
2296:
2061:
1565:
1406:
1387:
567:
47:
used in Europe that is created and administered by the German
1145:
58:(RAL non-profit LLC), which is a subsidiary of the German
1685:
For the vision capacities of organisms or machines, see
1052:"How is the RAL CLASSIC colour collection structured?"
602:
570:(000–360 degrees, angle in the CIELab colour wheel),
2694:
2607:
2532:
2525:
2476:
2395:
2345:
2277:
2268:
2187:
2120:
2109:
1998:
1945:
1827:
1750:
1741:
1579:
1483:
1373:
1295:
1242:
1209:
521:RAL 6031-F9 HR Bronze green semi-matt) used by the
114:, whereas from then on they would rely on numbers.
2355:Linguistic relativity and the colour naming debate
842:
594:Conversion from RAL Design number tuple to CIELAB
854:
516:
1718:
1169:
8:
523:
510:
504:
498:
492:
486:
480:
474:
468:
105:
2737:
2529:
2274:
2117:
1747:
1725:
1711:
1703:
1176:
1162:
1154:
448:
437:
418:
407:
388:
377:
358:
347:
328:
317:
298:
287:
268:
257:
238:
227:
208:
197:
167:
160:
154:
144:
131:
125:
826:
818:
795:
787:
770:
752:
744:
721:
713:
696:
677:
669:
656:
643:
635:
613:
608:
603:
601:
2506:International Commission on Illumination
925:
2496:Color Association of the United States
107:Reichs-Ausschuß für Lieferbedingungen
7:
1125:"Overview of all RAL Design colours"
169:Overview of the RAL colour standard
159:RAL 1021 - Austrian Postal Service,
1031:"The RAL CLASSIC Colour Collection"
2360:Blue–green distinction in language
25:
900:, other colour systems and charts
2736:
2727:
2726:
2517:International Colour Association
2100:
1687:
1686:
1011:. ral-farben.de. 10 January 2020
2512:International Colour Consortium
2577:List of Crayola crayon colours
2501:International Colour Authority
1:
497:RAL 7050-F9 Camouflage grey,
2380:Traditional colours of Japan
2157:Achromatic colours (Neutral)
2040:Multi-primary colour display
1814:Spectral power distribution
503:RAL 8027-F9 Leather brown,
2819:
2240:Colour realism (art style)
1898:Evolution of colour vision
1599:Colour Index International
859:RAL 210 50 15 converts to
515:RAL 9021-F9 Tar black and
485:RAL 6031-F9 Bronze green,
136:RAL 9012 Cleanroom White.
104:In 1927, the German group
84:
2722:
2557:List of colours (compact)
2375:Colour in Chinese culture
2098:
1683:
1191:
524:
491:RAL 6040-F9 Light olive,
430:
400:
393:RAL 7048 Pearl mouse grey
370:
340:
333:RAL 5026 Pearl night blue
310:
303:RAL 4012 Pearl blackberry
280:
250:
220:
190:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
95:RAL CLASSIC K5 colour fan
2562:List of colours by shade
2025:Digital image processing
1758:Electromagnetic spectrum
509:RAL 8031-F9 Sand brown,
479:RAL 1040-F9 Clay beige,
473:RAL 1039-F9 Sand beige,
453:RAL 9023 Pearl dark grey
130:RAL 2017 RAL orange and
45:colour management system
18:RAL (color space system)
2567:List of colour palettes
871:* = −7.5, for instance.
81:RAL colour space system
2798:Construction standards
1790:Structural colouration
844:
363:RAL 6039 Fibrous green
106:
96:
37:
27:Colour matching system
2572:List of colour spaces
2491:Color Marketing Group
2246:On Vision and Colours
2179:Tinctures in heraldry
2162:Polychromatic colours
2147:Complementary colours
2135:Monochromatic colours
1196:List of colour spaces
964:"RAL Colours history"
909:Natural Colour System
845:
423:RAL 8029 Pearl copper
94:
35:
2773:Standards of Germany
2552:List of colours: N–Z
2547:List of colours: G–M
2542:List of colours: A–F
2464:Tint, shade and tone
2347:Cultural differences
1616:Federal Standard 595
904:Federal Standard 595
600:
2788:Color organizations
2599:List of web colours
2594:List of RAL colours
2000:Colour reproduction
1965:Lüscher colour test
1802:Colour of chemicals
831:
800:
757:
726:
682:
648:
560:CIELAB colour space
533:military camouflage
273:RAL 3033 Pearl pink
243:RAL 2017 RAL orange
213:RAL 1037 Sun yellow
170:
87:List of RAL colours
2783:1927 introductions
2763:RAL color standard
2008:Colour photography
1960:Colour preferences
1903:Impossible colours
1893:Colour vision test
1888:Colour temperature
1866:Colour calibration
1795:Animal colouration
840:
838:
814:
783:
740:
709:
665:
631:
564:cylindrical CIEHLC
168:
97:
38:
2803:German inventions
2750:
2749:
2690:
2689:
2472:
2471:
2396:Colour dimensions
2385:Human skin colour
2264:
2263:
2254:Theory of Colours
2152:Analogous colours
2096:
2095:
2030:Colour management
1947:Colour psychology
1829:Colour perception
1700:
1699:
616:
611:
460:
459:
149:RAL 1004 - Swiss
16:(Redirected from
2810:
2778:1927 in the arts
2740:
2739:
2730:
2729:
2530:
2275:
2207:Secondary colour
2118:
2104:
1980:National colours
1975:Political colour
1955:Colour symbolism
1913:Opponent process
1871:Colour constancy
1849:Colour blindness
1780:Spectral colours
1748:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1704:
1690:
1689:
1676:
1531:Imaginary colour
1305:RGB color spaces
1178:
1171:
1164:
1155:
1146:Official website
1133:
1132:
1131:on Nov 30, 2020.
1127:. Archived from
1121:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1101:. Archived from
1095:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1054:. Archived from
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1005:
999:
998:
996:
994:
989:
981:
975:
974:
972:
970:
960:
954:
953:
951:
949:
940:. Archived from
930:
858:
857:
849:
847:
846:
841:
839:
835:
830:
825:
799:
794:
775:
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171:
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158:
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148:
147:
135:
134:
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128:
109:
68:
57:
36:RAL Colours logo
21:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2718:
2686:
2603:
2521:
2478:
2468:
2391:
2370:Blue in culture
2366:Colour history
2341:
2260:
2234:Colour analysis
2229:Colour triangle
2183:
2140:black-and-white
2112:
2105:
2092:
2035:Colour printing
1994:
1941:
1823:
1737:
1731:
1701:
1696:
1679:
1670:
1604:CI list of dyes
1581:
1575:
1479:
1369:
1315:rg chromaticity
1291:
1238:
1205:
1187:
1182:
1151:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1108:
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1080:
1076:
1075:
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1059:
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1049:
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1035:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1014:
1012:
1007:
1006:
1002:
992:
990:
987:
983:
982:
978:
968:
966:
962:
961:
957:
947:
945:
932:
931:
927:
922:
894:
886:
878:
855:
837:
836:
810:
776:
766:
763:
762:
736:
702:
692:
689:
688:
652:
630:
626:
619:
607:
598:
597:
562:, specifically
541:
517:
511:
505:
499:
493:
487:
481:
475:
469:
465:
449:
438:
419:
408:
389:
378:
359:
348:
329:
318:
299:
288:
269:
258:
239:
228:
209:
198:
161:
155:
145:
132:
126:
102:
89:
83:
62:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2816:
2814:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
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2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2755:
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2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2734:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
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2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2596:
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2466:
2461:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2420:Pastel colours
2412:
2411:
2410:
2399:
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2259:
2258:
2250:
2249:(Schopenhauer)
2242:
2237:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2202:Primary colour
2193:
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2181:
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2142:
2126:
2124:
2115:
2107:
2106:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2088:Colour mapping
2085:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2013:Colour balance
2004:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1970:Kruithof curve
1967:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1932:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1842:Sonochromatism
1833:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1782:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1754:
1752:
1751:Colour physics
1745:
1743:Colour science
1739:
1738:
1732:
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1729:
1722:
1715:
1707:
1698:
1697:
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1628:
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1606:
1596:
1591:
1585:
1583:
1580:Colour systems
1577:
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1403:
1402:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1379:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1350:SMPTE 240M/"C"
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1301:
1299:
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1189:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1158:
1149:
1148:
1141:
1140:External links
1138:
1135:
1134:
1116:
1105:on 28 Oct 2016
1090:
1069:
1043:
1022:
1000:
985:"RAL Historie"
976:
955:
924:
923:
921:
918:
917:
916:
911:
906:
901:
893:
890:
885:
882:
877:
874:
873:
872:
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75:powder coating
26:
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14:
13:
10:
9:
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3:
2:
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2793:Color schemes
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2479:organisations
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2415:Colourfulness
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2208:
2205:
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2199:
2198:
2197:Colour mixing
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2189:Colour theory
2186:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2169:Light-on-dark
2167:
2163:
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2145:
2141:
2138:
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2122:Colour scheme
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2026:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2009:
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2005:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1990:Chromotherapy
1988:
1986:
1983:
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1963:
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1953:
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1930:Tetrachromacy
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1855:
1854:Achromatopsia
1852:
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1838:
1837:Chromesthesia
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1693:Colour vision
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1582:and standards
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1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1277:CIELUV (1976)
1275:
1273:
1272:CIELAB (1976)
1270:
1268:
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1263:
1260:
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1255:
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1201:Colour models
1199:
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1073:
1070:
1058:on 9 Aug 2016
1057:
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1044:
1032:
1026:
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1001:
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977:
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944:on 6 Jun 2016
943:
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827:
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623:
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527:
462:
455:
447:
444:
436:
433:
429:
425:
417:
414:
406:
403:
399:
395:
387:
385:Squirrel grey
384:
376:
373:
369:
365:
357:
354:
346:
343:
339:
335:
327:
324:
316:
313:
309:
305:
297:
294:
286:
283:
279:
275:
267:
264:
256:
253:
249:
245:
237:
235:Yellow orange
234:
226:
223:
219:
215:
207:
204:
196:
193:
189:
172:
166:
152:
142:
141:traffic signs
137:
123:
122:
115:
113:
108:
99:
93:
88:
80:
78:
76:
72:
66:
61:
60:RAL Institute
55:
50:
46:
42:
34:
30:
19:
2589:Colour chart
2452:Fluorescence
2408:Dichromatism
2270:Colour terms
2252:
2244:
2224:Colour wheel
2219:Colour solid
2214:Chromaticity
2083:Colour space
2052:Colour model
1985:Chromophobia
1934:
1655:
1185:Colour space
1150:
1129:the original
1119:
1107:. Retrieved
1103:the original
1093:
1081:. Retrieved
1072:
1060:. Retrieved
1056:the original
1046:
1034:. Retrieved
1025:
1013:. Retrieved
1003:
991:. Retrieved
979:
967:. Retrieved
958:
946:. Retrieved
942:the original
937:
928:
898:Colour chart
887:
879:
868:
867:* = −12.99,
864:
860:
583:
579:
575:
574:(same as in
557:
542:
522:
466:
355:Patina green
138:
119:
116:
103:
40:
39:
29:
2768:Color space
2447:Iridescence
2279:Basic terms
2174:Web colours
2130:Colour tool
2069:subtractive
2018:Colour cast
1923:Unique hues
1881:Colour code
1876:Colour task
1819:Colorimetry
1785:Chromophore
1671: [
1626:ICC profile
1015:29 February
884:RAL Digital
553:advertisers
434:White/Black
415:Green brown
325:Violet blue
205:Green beige
177:Range Name
121:imm Cologne
100:RAL Classic
63: [
52: [
2757:Categories
2609:Shades of:
2442:Brightness
2113:philosophy
1918:Afterimage
1908:Metamerism
1859:Dichromacy
1516:Hexachrome
1325:Wide-gamut
1267:UVW (1964)
1262:YUV (1960)
1257:RGB (1931)
1252:XYZ (1931)
1109:6 December
938:RAL Farben
920:References
876:RAL Effect
545:architects
539:RAL Design
526:Bundeswehr
85:See also:
2459:Grayscale
2432:Lightness
2427:Luminance
2236:(fashion)
1936:The dress
1668:JIS Z8102
1451:Rec. 2100
1439:Rec. 2100
1434:Rec. 2020
1365:Rec. 2100
1360:Rec. 2020
934:"Imprint"
828:∘
808:
802:⋅
797:∗
772:∗
754:∘
734:
728:⋅
723:∗
698:∗
679:∗
658:∗
645:∘
572:lightness
549:designers
535:coating.
431:RAL 9xxx
401:RAL 8xxx
371:RAL 7xxx
341:RAL 6xxx
311:RAL 5xxx
295:Red lilac
281:RAL 4xxx
265:Flame red
251:RAL 3xxx
221:RAL 2xxx
191:RAL 1xxx
186:Quantity
49:RAL gGmbH
2732:Category
2714:Lighting
2437:Darkness
2257:(Goethe)
2057:additive
2045:Quattron
1631:ISCC–NBS
1521:HSL, HSV
1506:Coloroid
1501:ColorADD
1429:Rec. 709
1424:Rec. 601
1355:Rec. 709
1345:Rec. 601
1330:ProPhoto
1287:CIECAM16
1282:CIECAM02
1234:CIECAM16
1219:CIECAM02
1078:"RAL F9"
892:See also
863:* = 50,
443:RAL 9001
413:RAL 8000
383:RAL 7000
353:RAL 6000
323:RAL 5000
293:RAL 4001
263:RAL 3000
233:RAL 2000
203:RAL 1000
2696:Related
2657:Magenta
2582:history
2486:Pantone
1773:Visible
1768:Rainbow
1651:Pantone
1646:Ostwald
1636:Munsell
1541:OSA-UCS
1083:15 June
1062:15 June
1036:15 June
993:15 June
969:15 June
948:15 June
914:Pantone
856:
586:*) and
518:
512:
506:
500:
494:
488:
482:
476:
470:
450:
439:
420:
409:
390:
379:
360:
349:
330:
319:
300:
289:
270:
259:
240:
229:
210:
199:
162:
156:
146:
133:
127:
71:varnish
2709:Qualia
2704:Vision
2652:Purple
2647:Violet
2627:Yellow
2622:Orange
2477:Colour
2317:Orange
2312:Purple
2302:Yellow
2111:Colour
1736:topics
1734:Colour
1691:
1491:CcMmYK
1340:DCI-P3
615:Design
588:chroma
463:RAL F9
284:Violet
224:Orange
194:Yellow
180:First
174:Range
2742:Index
2682:Black
2672:White
2667:Brown
2632:Green
2534:Lists
2526:Names
2508:(CIE)
2337:Brown
2332:White
2322:Black
2292:Green
1807:Water
1763:Light
1675:]
1536:Oklab
1484:Other
1475:YCoCg
1470:xvYCC
1458:YPbPr
1446:ICtCp
1419:YCbCr
1400:SECAM
1395:YDbDr
1335:scRGB
1320:Adobe
1229:CAM16
988:(PDF)
445:Cream
404:Brown
344:Green
183:Last
67:]
56:]
43:is a
2677:Gray
2662:Pink
2642:Blue
2637:Cyan
2327:Grey
2307:Pink
2287:Blue
2074:CMYK
1661:list
1594:ANPA
1589:ACES
1546:PCCS
1496:CMYK
1412:NTSC
1375:Y′UV
1310:sRGB
1224:iCAM
1111:2016
1085:2016
1064:2016
1038:2016
1017:2020
995:2016
971:2016
950:2016
551:and
531:for
374:Grey
314:Blue
112:tint
73:and
2617:Red
2403:Hue
2297:Red
2062:RGB
1656:RAL
1641:NCS
1621:HKS
1611:DIC
1571:TSL
1566:YJK
1561:HWB
1556:RYB
1526:HCL
1511:LMS
1463:MAC
1407:YIQ
1388:PAL
1383:YUV
1297:RGB
1244:CIE
1211:CAM
805:sin
731:cos
610:RAL
568:hue
456:15
426:20
396:38
366:37
336:25
306:12
276:25
254:Red
246:14
216:30
41:RAL
2759::
1673:ja
1551:RG
936:.
547:,
153:,
65:de
54:de
1726:e
1719:t
1712:v
1695:.
1177:e
1170:t
1163:v
1113:.
1087:.
1066:.
1040:.
1019:.
997:.
973:.
952:.
869:b
865:a
861:L
833:)
823:b
820:a
816:h
812:(
792:b
789:a
785:C
781:=
768:b
759:)
749:b
746:a
742:h
738:(
718:b
715:a
711:C
707:=
694:a
685:)
674:b
671:a
667:C
663:,
654:L
650:,
640:b
637:a
633:h
628:(
624:=
584:b
582:*
580:a
578:*
576:L
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.