349:"The threatening aspects of the continent required that large rifled guns should be procured for naval and siege purposes. I was therefore called upon to produce 40-pounders and 100-pounders without having had an opportunity of testing the patterns by previous trials, though I had stated in my original report that I apprehended that the application of breech-loading to large guns would involve an application of parts which would be inconveniently heavy to handle... I was at first in hopes that the same material which had been used and found to be sufficient for the 40-pounder, would be found equally suitable for the 100-pounder; but that turns out not to be the case. The vent-piece for the 100-pounder continues still to be a difficulty". Sir W Armstrong to the Select Committee on Ordnance in 1863.
567:
42:
535:
295:
285:
549:
445:
699:
72 cwt gun as its reduced 10 lb charge with the light shell was insufficient to break up and distribute the lubricator in the bore (Treatise on
Ammunition 1877, page 153). The gun's later official designation was "7-inch" (Treatise on Manufacture of Ordnance 1877, page 154). 109 lb projectile is given in Text Book of Gunnery, 1887. The 1902 Text Book of Gunnery refers only to a 100 lb shell for both 72 cwt and 82 cwt guns.
354:
402:"These guns can only be fired with comparatively small charges, and therefore their projectiles would do no injury to ironclad vessels, but their shells would no doubt be most destructive to wooden ships." : the sarcastic comment of Lieutenant-Colonel C H Owen, Royal Artillery, reflecting the establishment opinion in 1873.
475:
muzzle-loaders; and they, of course, gave no trouble... in the forecastle we had a 7-in. B.L. 110-pr. Armstrong. Whether the men in the heat of the action became hurried I cannot say; but certain it is that the breech piece of this gun blew out with tremendous effect, the concussion knocking down the
406:
Critics also considered that the manual labour needed to raise the heavy (136 lb) vent piece out of the breech before reloading was an unnecessary combat impediment. Another objection raised was that obturation (i.e. sealing of the breech on firing) depended on how tightly the gunners turned the
698:
The gun was originally a "100-pounder". In 1861 the projectile weight was increased to 110-pound and this became standard and was used to describe the gun. In 1865 a "light" shell of 90 lb was adopted for naval service for the 82 cwt gun only, to reduce recoil. The light shell was unsuitable for the
424:
The abandonment of the
Armstrong breech-loading design led Britain to begin a major program of building rifled muzzle-loaders to equip its fleet. The Armstrong 110-pound gun was succeeded by various RML 7 and 8-inch guns. 7-inch Armstrong breech-loaders under construction at the time of cancellation
332:
On top of each powder cartridge was a "lubricator" consisting of tallow and linseed oil between two tin plates, backed by a felt wad coated with beeswax and finally by millboard. The lubricator followed the shell down the bore, the lubricant was squeezed out between the tin plates and the wad behind
304:
The
Armstrong "screw" breech mechanism used a heavy block inserted in a vertical slot in the barrel behind the chamber, with a large hollow screw behind it which was manually screwed tight against the block after loading. A metal cup on the front of the block, together with the pressure of the screw
501:
is one of its great efficiencies, the bursting charge is so great. At
Kagosima one vent-piece of the pivot-gun broke and a piece went up to foreyard, but no one was hurt, and it was the fault of the captain of the gun not putting the tin cap in. If the gun is understood and worked properly, it is
415:
breech-loader. My objection to that is, that the breech-plug is only a valve; and the first principle of every valve, whether the vessel contain water or oil, or gas, is that the pressure of that fluid should press the valve tighter. Now Sir
William Armstrong's breech-loader is on a diametrically
671:
959 were in service in 1877 : 883 82cwt & 76 72cwt. Quoted in
Treatise on Manufacture of Ordnance 1877, page 150. Holley 1865, page 13 quotes 799 as at 1863 : 179 manufactured by Elswick Ordnance and 620 by the Royal Gun Factory. From the Report of the Select Committee on Ordnance,
420:
As these limitations were imposed by the current
Armstrong breechloading design, and as no other suitable breechloading mechanism was available, production of the 110-pounder was discontinued in 1864 and Britain reverted to muzzle-loading heavy guns. The remaining guns were moved to the role of
523:, the gun was used in the bombardment of the Maori fortifications at Gate Pa on 29 April 1864. Although subjected to one of the fiercest bombardments of the wars, the Maori defenders were protected by anti-artillery bunkers and went on to repel the British force, inflicting heavy casualties.
662:ÂŁ424 13 shillings Royal Gun Factory (Woolwich) production cost 1859â1862; ÂŁ650 Elswick Ordnance (Armstrongs) production cost 1862-3. Report of the Select Committee on Ordnance 1862. The gun was not sold commercially, hence a sale price is not available. Quoted in Holley 1865, pages 25-26
397:
It was considered that with a maximum gunpowder propellant charge of only 12 pounds (soon reduced to 11 lb for the 82 cwt gun and 10 lb for the 72 cwt gun) the gun was incapable of a high enough muzzle velocity to penetrate the armour of enemy ships:
316:
To load the gun, the vent-piece was raised, the shell was inserted through the hollow screw and rammed home into the bore, and the powder cartridge was likewise inserted through the screw into the chamber. The vent-piece was lowered, the screw was tightened, a
376:
The gun as first made weighed 72 cwt (8,064 lb) but the heavier 82 cwt (9,184 lb) version, incorporating a strengthening coil over the powder chamber, was the first to enter service in 1861. It was intended to replace the smoothbore muzzle-loading
416:
opposite system; nothing there confines the gas but the actual amount of labour expended in the screwing up of the breech. If the gas is stronger than the man, aided by the screw, the gas will escape"... Captain
Blakely to the Select Committee on Ordnance.
476:
whole gun's crew, and apparently paralysing the men, until
Webster, captain of the forecastle and of the gun, roused them by shouting: 'Well; is there ere a b----- of you will go and get the spare vent piece?'" -- Letter from an officer of HMS
1486:
384:
The
British government's Select Committee on Ordnance held lengthy hearings in 1862 and 1863 on the relative merits of the Armstrong breechloaders compared to other breechloaders and muzzle-loaders. It finally announced:
324:
Shells had a thin lead coating which made them fractionally larger than the gun's bore, and which engaged with the gun's rifling grooves to impart spin to the shell. This spin, together with the elimination of
980:
497: ; but as broadside guns between decks we do not like them; the smoke is too great. Rear choke carriages with such heavy guns are very slow in working and the decks dreadfully cut up. The
2065:
1457:
973:
1491:
381:, and was intended to be Britain's first modern rifled breech-loading naval gun. The lighter 72 cwt version eventually entered service in 1863 for land use only.
262:
966:
329:
as a result of the tight fit, enabled the gun to achieve greater range and accuracy than existing smoothbore muzzle-loaders with a smaller powder charge.
429:"A" tube surrounded by wrought-iron coils, was considered sound and was retained for the first generation of new rifled muzzle-loaders in the mid-1860s.
2050:
534:
516:
The guns, while functioning well when correctly handled, were hence seen to be difficult and potentially dangerous to use under the stress of combat.
1450:
345:, and the British Government requested it be implemented for heavy guns despite Armstrong's protests that the mechanism was unsuited to heavy guns:
1901:
1322:
1297:
1911:
1861:
1370:
1312:
1443:
1906:
1891:
1866:
1365:
1307:
1292:
1287:
1636:
1337:
1263:
1190:
1167:
1115:
1045:
1001:
425:
were completed as RML 64-pounder muzzle-loaders. However, the gun construction method developed by Armstrong for breech-loaders, of a
342:
1272:
785:
489:"My opinion, and also that of the gunnery lieutenant, is that for long range they , are most successful. The 100-pounder (sic) as a
889:
Text Book of Gunnery, 1902. LONDON : PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE, BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE
877:
Text Book of Gunnery, 1887. LONDON : PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE, BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE
548:
1646:
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1780:
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1327:
1317:
1132:
1127:
276:
caused by the explosive charge that was required to propel a 110-pound shot was too much for his breechloading system.
1496:
436:
obturation systems, both of which used the power of the gun's firing to achieve obturation rather than manual labour.
1828:
1277:
919:
1435:
2070:
1699:
457:
102:
41:
891:
879:
566:
2075:
2060:
1833:
1810:
1800:
1704:
1516:
1208:
1180:
1148:
932:
Handbook for the 7-inch R. B. L. guns of 72 cwt. and 82 cwt. on Moncrieff and sliding carriages Land service 1892
686:
1100 ft/sec firing 109 pound projectile with 11lb RLG2 (gunpowder). Text Book of Gunnery 1887, Table XVI page 313
587:
272:
with breechloading had proven suitable for small cannon. When it was applied to a 7-inch gun, it proved that the
1916:
1753:
1282:
1248:
1157:
453:
99:
2055:
1856:
1671:
1666:
1355:
815:
609:
1953:
1948:
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behind it, provided "obturation" and sealed the breech to prevent escape of gasses rearward on firing. The
1921:
1350:
1345:
1253:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
498:
326:
318:
310:
908:"The principles and practice of modern artillery". Second edition, published by John Murray, London, 1873
333:
it cleaned out any lead deposits left from the shell coating, leaving the bore clean for the next round.
1896:
1805:
1790:
1733:
1728:
1656:
1406:
1223:
1082:
1077:
294:
284:
214:
1100:
914:"The Armstrong Gun Part 4: Other Armstrong Equipments in New Zealand" â use ashore in New Zealand Wars
1886:
1838:
1743:
1681:
1651:
1568:
1218:
872:
Treatise on the Construction and Manufacture of Ordnance in the British Service. War Office, UK, 1879
867:
Treatise on the construction and manufacture of ordnance in the British service. War Office, UK, 1877
481:
306:
273:
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127:
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1738:
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644:
358:
194:
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953:
1848:
1815:
1676:
1424:
1105:
1020:
781:
494:
472:
131:
1511:
1501:
1478:
1171:
575:
520:
96:
1603:
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627:
622:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1940:
1767:
1622:
1578:
1558:
1526:
1069:
1035:
819:
444:
369:
313:
was inserted through it to fire the gun. In modern terms it was a vertical sliding-block.
224:
907:
901:
389:"... the preponderance of opinion seems to be against any breech-loading systems for the
871:
866:
17:
2012:
1881:
1563:
1466:
1401:
1213:
1030:
1025:
989:
845:
571:
432:
When Britain returned to breech-loaders in 1880 it used the Elswick cup and the French
378:
2044:
1470:
1194:
993:
895:
883:
639:
252:
452:
The gun was used extensively by Royal Navy ships against land fortifications in the
353:
1691:
948:
937:
773:
605:
596:
592:
583:
426:
269:
726:
2022:
2017:
2004:
1926:
1553:
1396:
1391:
943:
1762:
1548:
1506:
944:
Diagram of 82 cwt gun on sliding garrison carriage, at Victorian Forts website
902:"A Treatise on Ordnance and Armor" published by D Van Nostrand, New York, 1865
421:
fortress artillery where they remained in post for much of the Victorian era.
365:
178:
888:
876:
2027:
1720:
1613:
931:
508:
490:
55:
740:
Treatise on Manufacture of Ordnance in the British Service, 1879, page 147
448:
An Armstrong 7-inch (178 mm) rifled breechloader in the 19th century.
1714:
1092:
433:
1416:
460:
in 1863 and 1864. We have two descriptions of the same incident aboard
266:
204:
949:
Diagram of 82 cwt gun on casemate platform, at Victorian Forts website
1536:
600:
1540:
565:
443:
352:
321:
was inserted in the top of the vent-piece, and the gun was fired.
293:
283:
812:
800:
1439:
962:
811:
The Times, 25th April 1864 : THE ARMSTRONG GUNS IN JAPAN
341:
This method had already proved successful in the much smaller
920:"The Armstrong Gun Part 5: British revert to Muzzle Loading"
801:
W.L. Clowes on the Anglo-Japanese hostilities of 1863â1864
219:
Armstrong screw with vertical sliding vent-piece (block)
612:, UK. It is fitted with a replica breech and carriage.
46:
A gun on a wooden slide carriage in the 19th century.
2003:
1965:
1939:
1847:
1752:
1713:
1690:
1621:
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1535:
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84:
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71:
63:
51:
32:
778:Treasures of the Royal Armouries A Panoply of Arms
467:at the Bombardment of Kagoshima in August 1863:
184:99.5 inches (2.527 m) bore (14.21 calibres)
832:"Chapter 42: Gate Pa and Te Ranga | NZETC"
1451:
974:
682:
680:
678:
8:
862:Treatise on Ammunition. War Office, UK, 1877
694:
692:
357:A fibreglass replica aboard the museum ship
2066:Victorian-era weapons of the United Kingdom
768:
766:
764:
1618:
1458:
1444:
1436:
981:
967:
959:
717:Treatise on Ammunition 1877, pages 166-167
372:for the gun are on deck in the foreground.
29:
628:A 72 cwt gun at Fort No. 1, LĂ©vis, Quebec
502:very successful". -- An officer from HMS
780:. Royal Armouries Museum. p. 246.
655:
541:Powder cartridge with lubricator on top
530:
623:A 72 cwt gun at Quebec Citadel, Canada
309:was known as the "vent-piece", as the
555:The lead-coated shell used by the gun
7:
229:1,100 feet per second (340 m/s)
199:90 to 109 pounds (40 to 50 kg)
141:ÂŁ425 - ÂŁ650 (ÂŁ47000-ÂŁ72000 in 2013)
906:Lieutenant-Colonel C H Owen R.A.,
730:â Pages 514 â 515 Jan â April 1864
25:
1469:small arms & ordnance of the
2051:Naval guns of the United Kingdom
547:
533:
40:
1527:Webley .455" Revolver Mk I â IV
758:Quoted in Holley 1865, page 602
265:'s innovative combination of a
1574:Pattern 1861 Enfield musketoon
813:http://www.pdavis.nl/Japan.php
411:"My objection has been to the
343:RBL 12 pounder 8 cwt field gun
234:Maximum firing range
154:
1:
934:at State Library of Victoria
570:RBL 7-inch Armstrong gun in
484:many years after the event.
407:breech screw after loading:
2092:
1902:BL 9.2-inch Mk IV & VI
1700:RML 7-pounder mountain gun
940:at Victorian Forts website
708:Text Book of Gunnery, 1902
458:Bombardment of Shimonoseki
237:3,500 yards (3,200 m)
103:Bombardment of Shimonoseki
1834:BL 6-inch 30 cwt howitzer
1811:RML 64-pounder 71 cwt gun
1801:RML 64-pounder 64 cwt gun
1705:RML 2.5-inch mountain gun
1361:QF 12-pounder 12 cwt Mk I
1046:Smoothbore muzzle-loading
1002:Smoothbore muzzle-loading
588:Victoria Barracks, Sydney
471:"We had on our main-deck
188:
64:Place of origin
39:
1912:BL 12-inch Mk I, VI, VII
1867:BL 6-inch Mk III, IV, VI
1756:& garrison artillery
1158:68-pounder Lancaster gun
900:Alexander Lyman Holley,
495:95 cwt. solid 8-inch gun
454:Bombardment of Kagoshima
100:Bombardment of Kagoshima
34:Ordnance RBL 7-inch gun
18:RBL 7 inch Armstrong gun
1857:QF 3-pounder Nordenfelt
1667:BL 12-pounder 6 cwt gun
1497:BeaumontâAdams revolver
1356:QF 6-pounder Nordenfelt
1147:Rifled muzzle-loaders (
610:Fort Nelson, Portsmouth
289:82 cwt gun construction
1829:BL 5-inch gun Mk I â V
1517:Kerr's Patent revolver
1351:QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss
1346:QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss
1298:BL 9.2-inch Mk I â VII
1138:RBL 7-inch 110-pounder
579:
514:
486:
449:
418:
404:
395:
373:
351:
301:
291:
251:, was a heavy caliber
209:7-inch (177.8 mm)
1954:10-inch 18 cwt mortar
1949:13-inch 36 cwt mortar
1839:BL 9.45-inch howitzer
1806:RML 64-pounder 58 cwt
1791:RML 25-pounder 18 cwt
1763:4.1-inch 'Long Cecil'
1734:RML 6.6-inch howitzer
1729:RML 6.3-inch howitzer
1657:RML 16-pounder 12 cwt
1630:SBML 9 pounder 13 cwt
1407:1-inch Nordenfelt gun
1313:BL 12-inch Mk I â VII
1209:RML 64-pounder 64 cwt
1191:Rifled muzzle-loaders
1181:RML 64-pounder 71 cwt
1168:Rifled muzzle-loaders
992:naval weapons of the
569:
487:
469:
447:
409:
400:
387:
356:
347:
297:
287:
1744:BL 5.4-inch howitzer
1682:QF 1-pounder pom-pom
1652:RML 13-pounder 8 cwt
1569:Pattern 1853 Enfield
1288:BL 6-inch Mk II â VI
1283:BL 6-inch 80-pounder
1116:Rifled breechloaders
818:6 March 2012 at the
728:The Edinburgh Review
651:Notes and references
482:William Laird Clowes
247:, also known as the
225:Muzzle velocity
1958:8-inch 9 cwt mortar
1824:RML 8-inch howitzer
1672:QF 12-pounder 8 cwt
1662:BL 12-pounder 7 cwt
1647:RML 9-pounder 8 cwt
1492:1897 infantry sword
1303:BL 9.2-inch Mk VIII
1204:RML 9-pounder 8 cwt
938:"The 7-inch R.B.L."
882:4 December 2012 at
846:"Gate PÄ, Tauranga"
749:Owen, 1873, page 52
617:Fort Henry, Ontario
493:is superior to the
257:rifled breechloader
255:, an early type of
1796:RML 40-pounder gun
1776:SBML 8-inch 65 cwt
1739:BL 5-inch howitzer
1692:Mountain artillery
1564:Pattern 1851 Minié
1318:BL 12-inch Mk VIII
1244:RML 12-inch 35-ton
1239:RML 12-inch 25-ton
1083:13-inch Blomefield
1078:10-inch Blomefield
645:List of naval guns
580:
562:Surviving examples
512:on 25 April 1864.
450:
374:
368:, United Kingdom.
302:
292:
128:W.G. Armstrong Co.
118:W.G. Armstrong Co.
109:Production history
2071:Coastal artillery
2036:
2035:
2018:0.45" Gatling gun
1935:
1934:
1849:Coastal artillery
1677:BL 15-pounder gun
1433:
1432:
1425:Whitehead torpedo
1338:Quick-firing guns
1106:24-pounder Millar
1101:12-pounder Millar
1021:32-pounder 55 cwt
263:William Armstrong
241:
240:
132:Royal Gun Factory
59:Coast Defence gun
16:(Redirected from
2083:
2076:175 mm artillery
2061:178 mm artillery
1996:Hales 24-pounder
1892:BL 8-inch Mk VII
1820:RML 6.6-inch gun
1619:
1522:Tranter revolver
1512:Enfield revolver
1460:
1453:
1446:
1437:
983:
976:
969:
960:
954:Photos at Flickr
894:12 July 2012 at
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521:New Zealand Wars
299:Breech mechanism
156:
97:New Zealand Wars
44:
35:
30:
21:
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2086:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2032:
1999:
1993:Hales 9-pounder
1961:
1931:
1907:BL 10-inch Mk I
1843:
1772:SBML 24-pounder
1768:SBBL 32-pounder
1748:
1721:heavy artillery
1718:
1709:
1686:
1623:Field Artillery
1608:
1579:Whitworth rifle
1559:Brunswick rifle
1531:
1487:Infantry swords
1473:
1464:
1434:
1429:
1411:
1380:
1332:
1258:
1185:
1162:
1142:
1110:
1087:
1064:
1040:
1036:Somerset cannon
996:
987:
928:
858:
853:
844:
843:
839:
830:
829:
825:
820:Wayback Machine
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806:
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506:, published in
442:
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189:
130:
77:In service
72:Service history
58:
47:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2089:
2087:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2056:EOC naval guns
2053:
2043:
2042:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2013:Nordenfelt gun
2009:
2007:
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1982:
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1963:
1962:
1960:
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1956:
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1943:
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1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1927:RML 17.72-inch
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1872:BL 6-inch Mk V
1869:
1864:
1859:
1853:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1818:
1816:RML 80-pounder
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1781:RBL 40-pounder
1778:
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1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1642:RBL 20-pounder
1639:
1637:RBL 12-pounder
1634:
1631:
1627:
1625:
1616:
1610:
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1607:
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1601:
1596:
1594:SwinburnâHenry
1591:
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1584:SniderâEnfield
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1514:
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1504:
1502:Adams revolver
1499:
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1481:
1475:
1474:
1467:British Empire
1465:
1463:
1462:
1455:
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1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1421:
1419:
1413:
1412:
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1402:Nordenfelt gun
1399:
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1300:
1295:
1290:
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1264:Breech-loaders
1260:
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1164:
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1160:
1154:
1152:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1133:RBL 40-pounder
1130:
1128:RBL 20-pounder
1125:
1121:
1119:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1086:
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1074:
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1066:
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1062:
1060:10-inch 86 cwt
1057:
1051:
1049:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1026:32-pounder gun
1023:
1018:
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1005:
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990:British Empire
988:
986:
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978:
971:
963:
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946:
941:
935:
927:
926:External links
924:
923:
922:
918:W.L. Ruffell,
916:
912:W.L. Ruffell,
910:
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837:
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776:, ed. (2022).
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473:32-pr. 56 cwt.
441:
438:
379:68-pounder gun
338:
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298:
288:
281:
278:
245:RBL 7-inch gun
243:The Armstrong
239:
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173:Specifications
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138:Unit cost
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2019:
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1917:RML 12.5-inch
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1633:RBL 9 pounder
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1600:
1597:
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1385:Light weapons
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1329:
1328:BL 16.25-inch
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1279:
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1266:(new pattern)
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1250:
1249:RML 12.5-inch
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1129:
1126:
1124:RBL 9 pounder
1123:
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994:Victorian era
991:
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896:archive.today
893:
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884:archive.today
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797:
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789:
787:9781913013400
783:
779:
775:
774:Impey, Edward
769:
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693:
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659:
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643:
641:
640:Armstrong Gun
638:
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629:
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624:
621:
618:
614:
611:
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602:
598:
594:
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576:LĂ©vis, Quebec
573:
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524:
522:
517:
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505:
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483:
480:to historian
479:
474:
468:
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459:
455:
446:
440:Use in action
439:
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417:
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399:
394:
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314:
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308:
307:sliding-block
296:
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264:
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253:Armstrong gun
250:
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38:
31:
19:
2038:
2005:Machine guns
1876:
1785:
1323:BL 13.5-inch
1137:
856:Bibliography
840:
826:
807:
796:
777:
754:
745:
736:
727:
722:
713:
704:
667:
658:
597:Saint Helier
593:An 82cwt gun
584:An 82cwt gun
518:
515:
507:
503:
499:common shell
488:
477:
470:
463:
451:
431:
427:wrought-iron
423:
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405:
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396:
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375:
360:
348:
340:
331:
323:
315:
303:
270:built-up gun
261:
248:
244:
242:
181: length
168:82cwt, 72cwt
124:Manufacturer
85:Used by
2023:Gardner gun
1966:War rockets
1922:RML 16-inch
1862:QF 4.7-inch
1604:LeeâEnfield
1599:LeeâMetford
1554:Baker rifle
1397:Gardner gun
1392:Gatling gun
1371:QF 4.7-inch
1254:RML 16-inch
1234:RML 11-inch
1229:RML 10-inch
1118:(Armstrong)
606:A 72cwt gun
519:During the
391:larger guns
280:Description
249:110-pounder
157: built
2045:Categories
1987:24-pounder
1981:12-pounder
1897:RML 9-inch
1887:RML 8-inch
1882:RML 7-inch
1877:RBL 7-inch
1786:RBL 7-inch
1549:Brown Bess
1507:Webley RIC
1308:BL 10-inch
1224:RML 9-inch
1219:RML 8-inch
1214:RML 7-inch
1048:shell guns
1031:68-pounder
1016:24-pounder
1011:18-pounder
527:Ammunition
366:Portsmouth
2028:Maxim gun
1975:6-pounder
1717:, medium,
1715:Howitzers
1614:Artillery
1417:Torpedoes
1376:QF 6-inch
1366:QF 4-inch
1293:BL 8-inch
1278:BL 5-inch
1273:BL 4-inch
1172:converted
1149:Lancaster
1093:Howitzers
572:Fort No 1
509:The Times
491:pivot gun
413:Armstrong
311:vent tube
149:1859â1864
80:1861â190?
56:Naval gun
27:Naval gun
1985:Congreve
1979:Congreve
1973:Congreve
1479:Sidearms
1195:Woolwich
892:Archived
880:Archived
816:Archived
634:See also
619:, Canada
578:, Canada
504:Euryalus
478:Euryalus
464:Euryalus
434:De Bange
274:pressure
165:Variants
146:Produced
114:Designer
1941:Mortars
1537:Muskets
1070:Mortars
1004:cannons
361:Warrior
337:History
327:windage
205:Calibre
1541:rifles
1055:8-inch
784:
601:Jersey
370:Shells
267:rifled
215:Breech
179:Barrel
1990:Boxer
1754:Siege
672:1863.
195:Shell
1719:and
1539:and
782:ISBN
462:HMS
456:and
359:HMS
319:tube
259:.
93:Wars
52:Type
615:At
608:at
595:at
586:at
364:at
160:959
155:No.
2047::
763:^
691:^
677:^
599:,
574:,
393:"
1459:e
1452:t
1445:v
1197:)
1193:(
1174:)
1170:(
1151:)
982:e
975:t
968:v
848:.
834:.
790:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
