31:
391:
237:
of manufacturing the gun barrel, and the first attempts to produce a RML also used his shunt principle for rifling. This is why one could carelessly refer to these guns as
Armstrong guns, but they were not manufactured by Armstrong's company, which would then be known as Elswick Ordnance Company, part of Armstrong's. In 1865 Woolwich introduced RML's of 7, 8 and 9-inch. These used a new rifling system called the Woolwich system, and the guns were thus named Woolwich guns.
272:
191:. The outcome was that the government thought that the practical advantage of using these on board ships was limited. Therefore, the United Kingdom primarily adhered to grenade guns and 68 and 32-pounder smooth bore guns. When France started to rifle and reinforce her old cannon, Britain ordered a similar conversion of 300 of its old cannon. This conversion totally failed during the first trials.
228:
in newer muzzle loaders, and was more expensive. A more fundamental problem was that the breechloading mechanism could not withstand the explosive force required to give heavy projectiles the speed needed to pierce armor. Armstrong would indeed withdraw his breechloader from the competition when it came to armor penetration tests.
318:
In the Dutch Navy, the first four guns differed from later models. These first guns had steel barrels which were 'open' at the rear. These were closed by a separate steel closing piece with a copper backing sheet, which was pressed on to the rear by the large screw breech. All later Dutch models had
227:
In 1864 a comparative test of three types of 70-pounder guns took place. In this test, the
Armstrong breechloader could not stand up against newer Rifled Muzzle Loaders (RML) designed by himself and Whitworth. The system of rifling employed in the breechloaders was deemed inferior to the system used
338:
was the first significant armored ship of the Dutch Navy, and received the first four guns. There is a huge number of references to the ship having
Armstrong guns. The reference that says it had guns "made in Newcastle", shows that these refer to the RML 9-inch Armstrong Gun. Four smaller ironclads
245:
While the Royal Navy made its own guns at
Woolwich, Armstrong's Elswick Ordnance Company in Newcastle was merged back into the Armstrong company. Elswick also continued to produce heavy guns, but now only for export. One of these was a 9-inch RML, referred to by the Dutch and others as a 23 cm
236:
The Royal Navy next returned to muzzle-loading rifled guns. These became known as
Woolwich guns. Armstrong had improved the Royal Artillery works at Woolwich to produce his breechloaders, but left office in 1863. The Woolwich Works then started to manufacture RML guns. These used Armstrong's method
403:
The Dutch used three kinds of pointed grenades with the 9 inch
Armstrong gun. A normal iron grenade of 68 cm and 105 kg, a hardened grenade of 52 cm and 112 kg, and a steel grenade of 51 cm and 109 kg. There was also a massive 'pointed bullet'
219:
For the navy, the
Armstrong breechloaders came in 40-pounder, 70-pounder and 110-pounder caliber. In combat and trials, the guns up to and including 40-pounder (4.75 inch) caliber, proved to be very successful after some modifications had been made. In the 1863
301:
The
Armstrong gun retained the original larger number of smaller coils, which was more expensive to make. On pictures these coils show as humps as the gun gets smaller while it protrudes to the front. See the picture of a 23 cm Armstrong RML on HNLMS
1309:
207:. In January 1859 a very successful trial of his 18-pounder version took place. Armstrong then became engineer of rifled ordnance, a new post with a very high salary. The Armstrong guns would be produced at the Royal Works at
215:
founded in
Newcastle on 1 January 1859. The latter was founded with government support. It was to guarantee the separation of Armstrong's interests as a civil servant and his interests as a machine builder.
250:
by
Armstrong at Elswick. The British could not afford to refer to the gun by the manufacturer's name without using the qualifier 'Muzzle Loading', because in England, an 'Armstrong gun' referred to the
803:
298:
coils, so it would not burst from the explosive force inside. Of course the area nearest to the explosion needed most reinforcement, and the area near the mouth of the gun the least.
224:
the eight 110-pounder (7 inch) guns involved were also very successful. They were a bit liable to disturbances, but the problem with the wedge breech was solved to satisfaction.
1871:
1280:
1901:
796:
310:. Mark I of the Woolwich gun has one coil less than the Armstrong gun. Later models have even less coils, with the number of humps decreasing as the marks get simpler.
1314:
30:
410:) of 46 cm (sic!) long and 113 kg, which was of course also shaped like a cylinder. Finally, there were three kinds of shrapnel shot of 68.50 kg.
290:
A marked difference between the Armstrong gun and the Woolwich guns was in the number of coils. The Armstrong method of producing the gun, consisted of making a
183:
The United Kingdom would adhere to smooth bore guns for a rather long time. In 1850 it held trials with existing foreign rifled breechloading guns designed by
789:
162:
was a rifled muzzle loading gun, used in substantial numbers by the Dutch navy, the Spanish Navy, and other navies. It should not be confused with the
1891:
1273:
1881:
200:
359:
1724:
1145:
1120:
1734:
1684:
1193:
1135:
1266:
332:
282:
The general characteristics of the 23 cm Armstrong RML, like length and caliber were the same as those of the 9-inch Woolwich gun.
1729:
1714:
1689:
1188:
1130:
1115:
1110:
1459:
1160:
1086:
1013:
990:
938:
868:
824:
208:
1095:
745:
690:
1469:
1396:
1183:
1026:
1125:
1886:
1603:
1484:
1464:
1150:
1140:
955:
950:
1319:
1651:
1100:
1258:
1522:
1896:
1656:
1633:
1623:
1527:
1339:
1031:
1003:
971:
365:
1876:
1739:
1699:
1608:
1576:
1105:
1071:
980:
960:
390:
377:
371:
221:
212:
104:
1679:
1494:
1489:
1178:
203:, inventor and owner of a large machine factory, had developed another rifled breechloading gun (RBL), the
1776:
1771:
1744:
1173:
1168:
1076:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
184:
81:
1719:
1628:
1613:
1556:
1551:
1479:
1229:
1046:
905:
900:
307:
163:
923:
1709:
1661:
1566:
1504:
1474:
1391:
1041:
882:
781:
1646:
1598:
1198:
877:
838:
833:
347:
1416:
1406:
271:
1694:
1618:
1561:
1344:
340:
246:
Armstrong gun. Therefore, the Dutch and others referred to an Armstrong gun, meaning that it was
1411:
339:
and 10 monitors would also get twin 9-inch Armstrong guns in a single tower. 14 gunboats of the
598:
364:
would get four 9-inch Armstrong guns in a central battery, as did the central battery ironclad
1671:
1638:
1499:
1247:
928:
843:
741:
700:
1334:
1324:
1301:
994:
188:
1426:
1421:
1807:
1801:
1795:
1763:
1590:
1445:
1401:
1381:
1349:
892:
858:
147:
1835:
1704:
1386:
1289:
1224:
1036:
853:
848:
812:
1865:
1293:
1017:
816:
252:
204:
521:
519:
1514:
346:
would get single 9-inch Armstrong guns. The first two of these boats were built by
295:
86:
766:
755:
735:
724:
713:
694:
680:
669:
1845:
1840:
1827:
1749:
1376:
1219:
1214:
757:
Treatise on the Construction and Manufacture of Ordnance in the British Service
1585:
1371:
1329:
167:
704:
1850:
1543:
1436:
46:
1537:
915:
1239:
137:
726:
Handboek over de zee-artillerie voor konstabels en matrozen-kanonniers
1359:
537:
525:
510:
498:
1363:
389:
291:
270:
1262:
785:
306:. Cf. the picture of the four principal models (marks) of the
682:
The British Navy: Its Strength, Resources, and Administration
671:
The Report of the Armstrong & Whitworth Committee
771:
Verhandelingen en Berigten Betrekkelijk Het Zeewezen
1826:
1788:
1762:
1670:
1575:
1536:
1513:
1444:
1435:
1358:
1300:
1238:
1207:
1159:
1085:
1012:
989:
969:
937:
914:
891:
867:
823:
146:
136:
123:
115:
110:
100:
95:
75:
67:
62:
54:
42:
21:
767:"VII Iets over het tegenwoordige zware Geschut"
35:Big model of gun turret on HNLMS Prins Hendrik,
1274:
797:
8:
668:Armstrong & Whitworth Committee (1866),
1872:Victorian-era weapons of the United Kingdom
405:
1902:Military equipment introduced in the 1860s
1441:
1281:
1267:
1259:
804:
790:
782:
18:
737:William Armstrong: Magician of the North
729:(in Dutch), J.C. de Buisonjé, Nieuwediep
538:Armstrong & Whitworth Committee 1866
526:Armstrong & Whitworth Committee 1866
511:Armstrong & Whitworth Committee 1866
499:Armstrong & Whitworth Committee 1866
685:, vol. II, Longmans, Green and Co.
651:
639:
627:
615:
585:
573:
450:
438:
426:
419:
674:, Joseph Thomson & Son, Manchester
201:William Armstrong, 1st Baron Armstrong
486:
474:
462:
7:
561:
549:
376:would get 8. The broadside ironclad
699:. Portsmouth, England: J. Griffin.
319:a steel barrels out of one piece.
14:
1292:small arms & ordnance of the
37:showing RML 9-inch Armstrong Gun.
1892:Naval guns of the United Kingdom
294:barrel, and reinforcing it with
29:
1350:Webley .455" Revolver Mk I – IV
370:. The central battery ironclad
1397:Pattern 1861 Enfield musketoon
740:, McNidder and Grace Limited,
152:0 feet per second (0 m/s)
1:
1882:Naval guns of the Netherlands
335:Prins Hendrik der Nederlanden
715:A Treatise on Naval Gunnery
429:, p. part II, page 21.
1918:
1725:BL 9.2-inch Mk IV & VI
1523:RML 7-pounder mountain gun
777:, Wed. G. Hulst van Keulen
441:, p. part II, page20.
1657:BL 6-inch 30 cwt howitzer
1634:RML 64-pounder 71 cwt gun
1624:RML 64-pounder 64 cwt gun
1528:RML 2.5-inch mountain gun
1184:QF 12-pounder 12 cwt Mk I
869:Smoothbore muzzle-loading
825:Smoothbore muzzle-loading
734:Heald, Henrietta (2011),
131:
55:Place of origin
28:
23:RML 9-inch Armstrong Gun
1735:BL 12-inch Mk I, VI, VII
1690:BL 6-inch Mk III, IV, VI
1579:& garrison artillery
981:68-pounder Lancaster gun
712:Douglas, Howard (1851),
679:Brassey, Thomas (1882),
222:Bombardment of Kagoshima
213:Elswick Ordnance Company
160:RML 9-inch Armstrong Gun
105:Elswick Ordnance Company
1680:QF 3-pounder Nordenfelt
1490:BL 12-pounder 6 cwt gun
1320:Beaumont–Adams revolver
1179:QF 6-pounder Nordenfelt
970:Rifled muzzle-loaders (
465:, p. 2nd part 173.
394:23 cm Armstrong grenade
275:23 cm Armstrong RML on
179:The rifled breechloader
1652:BL 5-inch gun Mk I – V
1340:Kerr's Patent revolver
1174:QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss
1169:QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss
1121:BL 9.2-inch Mk I – VII
961:RBL 7-inch 110-pounder
723:Haakman, J.H. (1872),
406:
395:
358:In Spain the ironclad
279:
211:as well as at the new
166:, used in the British
82:Royal Netherlands Navy
1777:10-inch 18 cwt mortar
1772:13-inch 36 cwt mortar
1662:BL 9.45-inch howitzer
1629:RML 64-pounder 58 cwt
1614:RML 25-pounder 18 cwt
1586:4.1-inch 'Long Cecil'
1557:RML 6.6-inch howitzer
1552:RML 6.3-inch howitzer
1480:RML 16-pounder 12 cwt
1453:SBML 9 pounder 13 cwt
1230:1-inch Nordenfelt gun
1136:BL 12-inch Mk I – VII
1032:RML 64-pounder 64 cwt
1014:Rifled muzzle-loaders
1004:RML 64-pounder 71 cwt
991:Rifled muzzle-loaders
815:naval weapons of the
765:Swart, Jacob (1869),
718:, John Murray, London
696:The Naval Annual 1887
393:
274:
164:RML 9-inch 12-ton gun
1567:BL 5.4-inch howitzer
1505:QF 1-pounder pom-pom
1475:RML 13-pounder 8 cwt
1392:Pattern 1853 Enfield
1111:BL 6-inch Mk II – VI
1106:BL 6-inch 80-pounder
939:Rifled breechloaders
148:Muzzle velocity
142:9-inch (229 mm)
1887:Naval guns of Spain
1781:8-inch 9 cwt mortar
1647:RML 8-inch howitzer
1495:QF 12-pounder 8 cwt
1485:BL 12-pounder 7 cwt
1470:RML 9-pounder 8 cwt
1315:1897 infantry sword
1126:BL 9.2-inch Mk VIII
1027:RML 9-pounder 8 cwt
754:Owen, J.F. (1877),
599:"Rotterdam, 24 Mei"
348:Armstrong Whitworth
308:9-inch Woolwich gun
1619:RML 40-pounder gun
1599:SBML 8-inch 65 cwt
1562:BL 5-inch howitzer
1515:Mountain artillery
1387:Pattern 1851 Minié
1141:BL 12-inch Mk VIII
1067:RML 12-inch 35-ton
1062:RML 12-inch 25-ton
906:13-inch Blomefield
901:10-inch Blomefield
396:
280:
255:, which denotes a
96:Production history
1859:
1858:
1841:0.45" Gatling gun
1758:
1757:
1672:Coastal artillery
1500:BL 15-pounder gun
1256:
1255:
1248:Whitehead torpedo
1161:Quick-firing guns
929:24-pounder Millar
924:12-pounder Millar
844:32-pounder 55 cwt
760:, Clowes and Sons
241:The Armstrong RML
195:The Armstrong gun
156:
155:
89:(Armada Española)
50:Coast defence gun
1909:
1897:230 mm artillery
1819:Hales 24-pounder
1715:BL 8-inch Mk VII
1643:RML 6.6-inch gun
1442:
1345:Tranter revolver
1335:Enfield revolver
1283:
1276:
1269:
1260:
806:
799:
792:
783:
778:
761:
750:
730:
719:
708:
686:
675:
655:
649:
643:
637:
631:
625:
619:
613:
607:
606:
595:
589:
583:
577:
571:
565:
559:
553:
547:
541:
535:
529:
523:
514:
508:
502:
496:
490:
484:
478:
472:
466:
460:
454:
448:
442:
436:
430:
424:
409:
399:Dutch ammunition
259:of gun, not the
232:The Woolwich gun
33:
24:
19:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1877:Naval artillery
1862:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1822:
1816:Hales 9-pounder
1784:
1754:
1730:BL 10-inch Mk I
1666:
1595:SBML 24-pounder
1591:SBBL 32-pounder
1571:
1544:heavy artillery
1541:
1532:
1509:
1446:Field Artillery
1431:
1402:Whitworth rifle
1382:Brunswick rifle
1354:
1310:Infantry swords
1296:
1287:
1257:
1252:
1234:
1203:
1155:
1081:
1008:
985:
965:
933:
910:
887:
863:
859:Somerset cannon
819:
810:
764:
753:
748:
733:
722:
711:
691:Brassey, Thomas
689:
678:
667:
664:
659:
658:
650:
646:
638:
634:
626:
622:
614:
610:
597:
596:
592:
584:
580:
572:
568:
560:
556:
548:
544:
536:
532:
524:
517:
509:
505:
497:
493:
485:
481:
473:
469:
461:
457:
449:
445:
437:
433:
425:
421:
416:
401:
388:
356:
330:
325:
316:
288:
286:Number of coils
269:
267:Characteristics
243:
234:
197:
181:
176:
132:
68:In service
63:Service history
49:
38:
36:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1915:
1913:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1864:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1836:Nordenfelt gun
1832:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1750:RML 17.72-inch
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1695:BL 6-inch Mk V
1692:
1687:
1682:
1676:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1641:
1639:RML 80-pounder
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1604:RBL 40-pounder
1601:
1596:
1593:
1588:
1582:
1580:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1548:
1546:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1519:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1465:RBL 20-pounder
1462:
1460:RBL 12-pounder
1457:
1454:
1450:
1448:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1417:Swinburn–Henry
1414:
1409:
1407:Snider–Enfield
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1325:Adams revolver
1322:
1317:
1312:
1306:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1290:British Empire
1288:
1286:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1263:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1244:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1225:Nordenfelt gun
1222:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1087:Breech-loaders
1083:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1023:
1021:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1000:
998:
987:
986:
984:
983:
977:
975:
967:
966:
964:
963:
958:
956:RBL 40-pounder
953:
951:RBL 20-pounder
948:
944:
942:
935:
934:
932:
931:
926:
920:
918:
912:
911:
909:
908:
903:
897:
895:
889:
888:
886:
885:
883:10-inch 86 cwt
880:
874:
872:
865:
864:
862:
861:
856:
851:
849:32-pounder gun
846:
841:
836:
830:
828:
821:
820:
813:British Empire
811:
809:
808:
801:
794:
786:
780:
779:
762:
751:
746:
731:
720:
709:
687:
676:
663:
660:
657:
656:
654:, p. 123.
644:
642:, p. 112.
632:
630:, p. 118.
620:
618:, p. 392.
608:
605:. 25 May 1867.
590:
578:
566:
554:
542:
530:
528:, p. 111.
515:
503:
491:
479:
467:
455:
453:, p. 251.
443:
431:
418:
417:
415:
412:
400:
397:
387:
384:
355:
352:
329:
326:
324:
321:
315:
312:
287:
284:
268:
265:
242:
239:
233:
230:
196:
193:
180:
177:
175:
172:
154:
153:
150:
144:
143:
140:
134:
133:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
111:Specifications
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
93:
92:
91:
90:
84:
77:
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
60:
59:
58:United Kingdom
56:
52:
51:
44:
40:
39:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1914:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1740:RML 12.5-inch
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:RBL 9 pounder
1455:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1412:Martini–Henry
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1294:Victorian era
1291:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:Light weapons
1206:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1151:BL 16.25-inch
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1089:(new pattern)
1088:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1072:RML 12.5-inch
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1002:
1001:
999:
996:
992:
988:
982:
979:
978:
976:
973:
968:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:RBL 9 pounder
946:
945:
943:
940:
936:
930:
927:
925:
922:
921:
919:
917:
913:
907:
904:
902:
899:
898:
896:
894:
890:
884:
881:
879:
876:
875:
873:
870:
866:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
831:
829:
826:
822:
818:
817:Victorian era
814:
807:
802:
800:
795:
793:
788:
787:
784:
776:
772:
768:
763:
759:
758:
752:
749:
747:9780857160355
743:
739:
738:
732:
728:
727:
721:
717:
716:
710:
706:
702:
698:
697:
692:
688:
684:
683:
677:
673:
672:
666:
665:
661:
653:
648:
645:
641:
636:
633:
629:
624:
621:
617:
612:
609:
604:
600:
594:
591:
588:, p. 69.
587:
582:
579:
576:, p. 45.
575:
570:
567:
564:, p. 91.
563:
558:
555:
552:, p. 92.
551:
546:
543:
540:, p. 87.
539:
534:
531:
527:
522:
520:
516:
513:, p. 16.
512:
507:
504:
501:, p. 17.
500:
495:
492:
489:, p. 77.
488:
483:
480:
477:, p. 75.
476:
471:
468:
464:
459:
456:
452:
447:
444:
440:
435:
432:
428:
423:
420:
413:
411:
408:
398:
392:
385:
383:
381:
380:
375:
374:
369:
368:
363:
362:
353:
351:
349:
345:
343:
337:
336:
327:
322:
320:
313:
311:
309:
305:
299:
297:
293:
285:
283:
278:
273:
266:
264:
262:
258:
254:
253:Armstrong gun
249:
240:
238:
231:
229:
225:
223:
217:
214:
210:
206:
205:Armstrong gun
202:
194:
192:
190:
186:
178:
173:
171:
169:
165:
161:
151:
149:
145:
141:
139:
135:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
109:
106:
103:
99:
94:
88:
85:
83:
80:
79:
78:
74:
70:
66:
61:
57:
53:
48:
45:
41:
32:
27:
20:
1828:Machine guns
1146:BL 13.5-inch
774:
773:(in Dutch),
770:
756:
736:
725:
714:
695:
681:
670:
652:Haakman 1872
647:
640:Haakman 1872
635:
628:Haakman 1872
623:
616:Brassey 1888
611:
602:
593:
586:Haakman 1872
581:
574:Brassey 1882
569:
557:
545:
533:
506:
494:
482:
470:
458:
451:Douglas 1851
446:
439:Haakman 1872
434:
427:Haakman 1872
422:
402:
382:also got 8.
378:
372:
366:
361:Méndez Núñez
360:
357:
354:Spanish Navy
341:
334:
331:
317:
303:
300:
296:wrought iron
289:
281:
276:
263:of the gun.
261:manufacturer
260:
256:
248:manufactured
247:
244:
235:
226:
218:
198:
182:
159:
157:
101:Manufacturer
87:Spanish Navy
76:Used by
1846:Gardner gun
1789:War rockets
1745:RML 16-inch
1685:QF 4.7-inch
1427:Lee–Enfield
1422:Lee–Metford
1377:Baker rifle
1220:Gardner gun
1215:Gatling gun
1194:QF 4.7-inch
1077:RML 16-inch
1057:RML 11-inch
1052:RML 10-inch
941:(Armstrong)
333:HNLMS
185:Wahrendorff
1866:Categories
1810:24-pounder
1804:12-pounder
1720:RML 9-inch
1710:RML 8-inch
1705:RML 7-inch
1700:RBL 7-inch
1609:RBL 7-inch
1372:Brown Bess
1330:Webley RIC
1131:BL 10-inch
1047:RML 9-inch
1042:RML 8-inch
1037:RML 7-inch
871:shell guns
854:68-pounder
839:24-pounder
834:18-pounder
662:References
487:Heald 2011
475:Heald 2011
463:Swart 1869
386:Ammunition
328:Dutch Navy
199:Meanwhile
168:Royal Navy
1851:Maxim gun
1798:6-pounder
1540:, medium,
1538:Howitzers
1437:Artillery
1240:Torpedoes
1199:QF 6-inch
1189:QF 4-inch
1116:BL 8-inch
1101:BL 5-inch
1096:BL 4-inch
995:converted
972:Lancaster
916:Howitzers
705:669097244
562:Owen 1877
550:Owen 1877
407:puntkogel
119:12,300 kg
47:Naval gun
16:Naval gun
1808:Congreve
1802:Congreve
1796:Congreve
1302:Sidearms
1018:Woolwich
693:(1888).
367:Zaragoza
209:Woolwich
1764:Mortars
1360:Muskets
893:Mortars
827:cannons
379:Vitoria
373:Sagunto
189:Cavalli
174:Context
138:Calibre
127:3.962 m
1364:rifles
878:8-inch
775:XXVIII
744:
703:
314:Models
124:Length
1813:Boxer
1577:Siege
603:N.R.C
414:Notes
344:class
323:Usage
292:steel
1542:and
1362:and
742:ISBN
701:OCLC
342:Ever
304:Ever
277:Ever
257:type
187:and
158:The
116:Mass
71:1867
43:Type
1868::
769:,
601:.
518:^
350:.
170:.
1282:e
1275:t
1268:v
1020:)
1016:(
997:)
993:(
974:)
805:e
798:t
791:v
707:.
404:(
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