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discriminate, though it may be relevant so far as remedies are concerned… is not a necessary condition to liability.’ That would be a bad idea because then ‘it would be a good defence for an employer to show that he discriminated against women not because he intended to do so but (for example) because of customer preference, or to save money, or even to avoid controversy.’
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Birmingham only provided 360 grammar school places for girls, and 540 for boys. At first instance, the EOC won. The Court of Appeal upheld this. The
Council appealed, arguing it had not shown that selective education was better than non-selective education as a precondition to showing less favourable
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Lord Goff dismissed the council's appeal, saying first that it did not need to be shown that selective education was ‘better’, just that girls were not being given the same opportunities. Second, it is enough that there is less favourable treatment and the ‘intention or motive of the defendant to
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36; (1989) 139 NLJ 292; (1989) 133 SJ 322; affirming 3 WLR 837; IRLR 430; 86 LGR 741; (1988) 152 LG Rev 1035
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treatment, and in any case the council had no intention or motivation to discriminate.
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Michael
Connolly. Discrimination Law. Sweet & Maxwell. 2006. Paras 4–006,
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case, concerning the appropriate comparisons that should be made.
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Collins, Ewing and McColgan. Labour Law: Text and
Materials.
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752:. Bloomsbury Academic. 2005. Paragraph 3.18 at pages 237.
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733:The Solicitors' Journal 96 (No 13, 3 April 1992)
57:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
159:AC 1155 is a discrimination case, relevant for
681:Allonby v Accrington & Rossendale College
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564:Lambeth LBC v Commission for Racial Equality
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337:Chief Constable of Yorkshire Police v Khan
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664:Kutz-Bauer v Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg
578:Tottenham Green Nursery v Marshall (No 2)
379:Homer v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire
245:Stefanko v Doherty and Maritime Hotel Ltd
88:Learn how and when to remove this message
618:Kontofunktionaerernes Forbund v Danfoss
364:Roma Rights Centre v Prague Immigration
521:R (Amicus) v SS for Trade and Industry
633:Rinner-Kühn v FWW Gebäudereinigung KG
603:Bilka-Kaufhaus GmbH v Weber von Hartz
7:
506:Johnston v Royal Ulster Constabulary
473:Sources on justifying discrimination
298:Webb v EMO Air Cargo (UK) Ltd (No 2)
648:Nimz v Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg
350:Shamoon v Royal Ulster Constabulary
793:1980s in Birmingham, West Midlands
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272:R (EOC) v Birmingham City Council
103:R (EOC) v Birmingham City Council
18:R (EOC) v Birmingham City Council
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783:1989 in United Kingdom case law
739:The New Law Journal 292 and 834
134:520; 87 LGR 557; (1989) 86(15)
773:United Kingdom labour case law
406:English v Sanderson Blinds Ltd
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324:Grant v South-West Trains Ltd
260:Horsey v Dyfed County Council
745:Local Government Review 1035
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43:This article includes a
788:Birmingham City Council
533:Sirdar v The Army Board
72:more precise citations.
729:"Case Reports" (1992)
394:Coleman v Attridge Law
778:House of Lords cases
284:James v Eastleigh BC
312:Smith v Safeway plc
327:ICR 449 (C-249/96)
45:list of references
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64:Please help
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70:introducing
767:Categories
724:References
593:s 19(2)(d)
78:March 2024
430:UK labour
687:C-256/01
670:C-187/00
653:C-184/89
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185:See also
176:Judgment
143:Keywords
130:769; 2
126:173; 1
116:Citation
685:(2004)
668:(2003)
651:(1991)
636:(1989)
621:(1989)
606:(1984)
582:ICR 320
568:ICR 768
551:(2000)
536:(1999)
509:(1986)
384:UKSC 15
368:UKHL 55
354:UKHL 11
341:UKHL 48
315:ICR 868
302:UKHL 13
275:AC 1155
263:ICR 755
122:1155;
66:improve
288:UKHL 6
128:All ER
757:4-015
719:Notes
484:Sch 9
230:ss 13
167:Facts
108:Court
51:, or
695:see
432:and
428:see
232:and
124:IRLR
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136:LSG
132:WLR
769::
120:AC
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