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105:, a type of radar antenna. Instead of producing a beam of radio energy, the Foster scanner produced a fan (pie-slice shape). In the case of the Green Archer, the scanner was built in a manner to produce a beam that was less than 1° wide, but rapidly scanned across a 40° wide band in front of the radar. Any object in the scanner's view would appear on the display each time the beam crossed its horizontal bearing. To measure the vertical angle, some other system was required.
98:, appearing on the displays when an object was caught in the beam. For tracking mortar shells this was a particularly difficult task, requiring the operator to have the antenna pointed in roughly the right location by estimates based on previous rounds, and then following the shell through its trajectory. Finding was made a bit easier if the beam cone had a large angle, the problem with this was that it reduced the accuracy of location.
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In
British service it was mostly organised as a radar section of two radars in the locating (G) troop of field regiments. In addition to the radars the section also had a command post and deployed two Listening Posts (LPs). The task of the LPs was to report mortars firing and the area they were in.
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Green Archer could locate a medium mortar up to about 10 km away and a heavy mortar out to 17 km, the maximum range. It took about 30 seconds from a mortar firing to producing its location. The radar could also be used "in reverse" to observe and adjust mortar fall of shot and that of guns
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with varying degrees of success. Hostile mortars had to be accurately located before they could be attacked with indirect fire from guns or mortars. Since hostile mortars moved frequently to avoid return fire it was essential to have a means of locating them to a few tens of metres of accuracy and
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to mark its location. He then pressed a button that quickly raised the scanner so it was pointed at a higher vertical angle. This happened rapidly enough that the bomb would take some time to reach this higher altitude, at which point it would appear on the display again and this second location
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Green Archer comprised two units each mounted on a four-wheel trailer with levelling jacks, one unit was the complete radar, the other a fully silenced generator inaudible at 200 m to permit operation in forward areas. The radar unit weighed 2,915 kg and with the antenna in the operating
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Mortars, using indirect fire, became a major threat to infantry in World War II. It was found that mortar bombs in flight could be detected and tracked by radar. US and UK anti-aircraft radars were used and specialised mortar locating radars appeared at the end of the war, and were used in
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This told the radar to switch-on, and so avoided continuous transmission as an electronic counter measure. The other section of the troop provided an artillery intelligence section at brigade headquarters responsible for fighting the brigade’s counter-mortar battle.
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Green Archer solved this problem by quickly moving the antenna between two set vertical angles. The scanner was first set so it scanned back and forth near the horizon line. When a mortar shell was seen on the display, the operator used a
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These two plots, the time between them and the angle between the two beam positions gave two points on a parabolic curve. Such a curve is defined by two points and is a good approximation of a mortar bomb trajectory. Using these, the
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In addition to the UK, Green Archer was used by the armies of
Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark (all self-propelled, mounted on an M-113 chassis), Italy, Israel, South Africa, Sweden, and Switzerland.
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in
Norfolk. An M113 mounted Green archer can be seen in the artillery museum in Varde/Denmark. A radar trailer is complete with all computer units in the South Yorkshire Transport Museum in Rotherham.
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position was 2.9 m high. The radar display was positioned up to about 15 metres from the radar and had a built in simulator for training. Each radar and generator was usually towed by a
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or similar systems to produce a narrow beam of radio energy rather like a flashlight beam. This beam was then swung around the sky by moving the entire reflector, with returns, or
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of the radar beam centre and the radar's coordinates, the mortar position coordinates were calculated. These could be adjusted to reflect the actual height of the ground.
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six-wheel armoured vehicle. Each radar section was supported by an electronic repair vehicle which carried a spare for each of the 13 major sub-assemblies in each radar.
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APC and designated FV436 or Radar, FA, No 8 Mk 2. It had an automatic radar levelling arrangement using mercury, which was adopted for the Radar, FA No 15 Mk 2, or
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British Green
Archers were successfully used on operations in Borneo, South Arabia and Oman against mortars and for border surveillance in Hong Kong.
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that replaced Green Archer. However, it did not enter UK service. Nevertheless, the cutaway hull design was applied to
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would also be marked. The operator them placed cursors over the marks and input the plot to the radar's
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A complete system, a radar trailer and a generator trailer, is preserved at the Radar Museum at
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323:
Green Archer – A Mobile Field Radar System for Mortar
Location in International Defense Review
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Raytheon made a similar radar, the AN-MPQ-501 1958 001, as used by the
Canadian army.
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A self-propelled version was fully developed. It was mounted on the cutaway rear of
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firing in high angle. It was also capable of surface observation.
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to be able to respond quickly when they are located.
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1 ton armoured vehicle, or the FV610 version of the
101:The key advance in tracking mortar shells was the
359:Cold War military equipment of the United Kingdom
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61:. A self-propelled version was designated
174:APCs and used by at least three armies.
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364:Military radars of the United Kingdom
334:(First ed.). London: Brassey’s.
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325:(No 12 ed.). Geneva: Interavia.
53:after an experimental model by the
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289:"AN-MPQ-501 record at CAN's NRC"
268:"AN-MPQ-501 record at US's MRO"
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90:Previous radar systems used
32:Radar, Field Artillery, No 8
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330:Bidwell, Shelford (1977).
34:was a widely used British
55:Royal Radar Establishment
384:Counter-battery radars
374:British Army equipment
332:Artillery of the World
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369:Weapon locating radar
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69:. It was replaced by
321:Wood, Derek (1965).
92:parabolic reflectors
67:Radar, FA, No 8 Mk 2
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73:starting in 1975.
116:analogue computer
41:operating in the
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28:Green Archer
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181:Other Users
130:Description
353:Categories
315:References
294:August 16,
273:August 16,
198:Survivors
168:Cymbeline
71:Cymbeline
158:Variants
45:using a
141:Saracen
124:azimuth
77:Concept
338:
137:Humber
43:X band
36:mortar
210:Notes
164:FV432
96:blips
84:Korea
63:FV436
336:ISBN
296:2020
275:2020
248:Wood
230:Wood
221:Wood
172:M113
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65:or
51:EMI
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
