234:
277:
412:, where it absorbs heat from the engine. The hot coolant is then fed into the inlet tank of the radiator (located either on the top of the radiator, or along one side), from which it is distributed across the radiator core through tubes to another tank on the opposite end of the radiator. As the coolant passes through the radiator tubes on its way to the opposite tank, it transfers much of its heat to the tubes which, in turn, transfer the heat to the
348:
509:
140:
43:
362:
546:
Radiators are found as components of some spacecraft. These radiators work by radiating heat energy away as light (generally infrared given the temperatures at which spacecraft try to operate) because in the vacuum of space neither convection nor conduction can work to transfer heat away. On the
416:
that are lodged between each row of tubes. The fins then release the heat to the ambient air. Fins are used to greatly increase the contact surface of the tubes to the air, thus increasing the exchange efficiency. The cooled liquid is fed back to the engine, and the cycle repeats. Normally, the
267:
To increase the surface area available for heat exchange with the surroundings, a radiator will have multiple fins, in contact with the tube carrying liquid pumped through the radiator. Air (or other exterior fluid) in contact with the fins carries off heat. If air flow is obstructed by dirt or
524:
are used to convey heat from the electronic components into a cooling air stream. Heatsinks do not use water, rather they conduct the heat from the source. High-performance heat sinks have copper to conduct better. Heat is transferred to the air by conduction and convection; a relatively small
225:, is credited with inventing the heating radiator around 1855, having received a radiator patent in 1857, but American Joseph Nason developed a primitive radiator in 1841 and received a number of U.S. patents for hot water and steam heating.
260:, for example, drying a pair of socks. In practice, the term "radiator" refers to any of a number of devices in which a liquid circulates through exposed pipes (often with fins or other means of increasing surface area). The term "
294:, hot water or sometimes steam is generated in a central boiler and circulated by pumps through radiators within the building, where this heat is transferred to the surroundings.
494:
can give a portion or all of the necessary cooling air flow when the coolant temperature remains below the system's designed maximum temperature, and the fan remains disengaged.
233:
788:
417:
radiator does not reduce the temperature of the coolant back to ambient air temperature, but it is still sufficiently cooled to keep the engine from overheating.
700:
332:
187:
471:
increased, eventually taking over the vast majority of vehicular radiator applications. The main inducements for aluminium are reduced weight and cost.
490:
that blow air through the radiator. To save fan power consumption in vehicles, radiators are often behind the grille at the front end of a vehicle.
798:
486:(relative to the coolant's) must be blown through the radiator core to capture the heat from the coolant. Radiators often have one or more
525:
proportion of heat is transferred by radiation owing to the low temperature of semiconductor devices compared to their surroundings.
669:
126:
630:
64:
753:
159:
from one medium to another for the purpose of cooling and heating. The majority of radiators are constructed to function in
107:
803:
548:
79:
552:
541:
370:
53:
356:
60:
31:
86:
276:
386:
808:
413:
291:
93:
174:
A radiator is always a source of heat to its environment, although this may be for either the purpose of
491:
75:
365:
Auto radiators with double grids of tubes: staggered grids on the left, parallel grids on the right
256:
is not normally a major source of heat transfer in radiators. A radiator may even transfer heat by
297:
In some countries, portable radiators are common to heat a single room, as a safer alternative to
735:
378:
285:
253:
30:
This article is about radiators in automobiles, buildings, and electronics. For other uses, see
397:, having an unlimited supply of a relatively cool water outside, usually use the liquid-liquid
793:
727:
694:
245:
195:
529:
483:
261:
257:
648:
347:
211:
676:
190:
dry cooling towers. Despite the name, most radiators transfer the bulk of their heat via
508:
290:
Radiators are commonly used to heat buildings on the
European continent. In a radiative
487:
398:
222:
156:
152:
100:
782:
634:
569:
475:
374:
320:
314:
241:
264:" refers to a class of devices in which the source of heat is not directly exposed.
437:
409:
390:
298:
139:
280:
A panel convector radiator, typical of a standard central heating system in the UK
268:
damage to the fins, that portion of the radiator is ineffective at heat transfer.
143:
Water-air convective cooling radiator, made from aluminum, from a 21st-century car
168:
42:
517:
433:
394:
382:
302:
249:
191:
731:
584:
579:
574:
564:
521:
503:
468:
464:
425:
207:
609:
440:
to circulate the coolant; today, however, all but the smallest engines use
324:
164:
17:
739:
715:
455:(for tubes, headers, and side-plates, while tanks could also be made of
479:
460:
429:
405:
336:
328:
215:
179:
649:"Franz San-Galli, German industrialist in St. Petersburg, Russia"
361:
210:
is an early example of a type of radiator for building space heating.
448:
421:
218:
27:
Type of heat exchanger; radiant body through water or other liquids
588:
551:, these can be seen clearly as large white panels attached to the
507:
456:
452:
436:. However, the coolant may also be an oil. The first engines used
360:
346:
275:
232:
138:
761:
516:
As electronic devices become smaller, the problem of dispersing
441:
160:
36:
420:
This coolant is usually water-based, with the addition of
555:. They can be found on both crewed and uncrewed craft.
716:"Engine-Cooling Systems and Radiator Characteristics"
447:Up to the 1980s, radiator cores were often made of
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
424:to prevent freezing and other additives to limit
520:becomes more difficult. Tiny radiators known as
8:
178:an environment, or for cooling the fluid or
323:and closed-loop cooling towers for cooling
789:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
333:heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
309:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
244:from a radiator occurs by two mechanisms:
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
237:A cast iron convector radiator from 1904
601:
699:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
692:
664:
662:
351:Car engine bay, with radiator in front
482:than liquid coolants, a fairly large
7:
373:, mainly in automobiles but also in
65:adding citations to reliable sources
512:A passive heatsink on a motherboard
183:
182:supplied to it, as for automotive
25:
467:). Starting in the 1970s, use of
335:(HVAC) while keeping the chiller
404:To cool down the heat engine, a
339:isolated from the surroundings.
41:
369:Radiators are used for cooling
52:needs additional citations for
799:Residential heating appliances
1:
610:"Family Sangalli / San Galli"
633:(in Russian). Archived from
631:"The hot boxes of San Galli"
591:shaped to resemble radiators
387:stationary generating plants
252:into flowing air or liquid.
175:
758:International Space Station
549:International Space Station
528:Radiators are also used in
371:internal combustion engines
825:
542:Spacecraft thermal control
539:
532:loops for rejecting heat.
501:
354:
319:Radiators are used in dry
312:
283:
29:
498:Electronics and computers
357:Radiator (engine cooling)
32:Radiator (disambiguation)
653:www.saint-petersburg.com
229:Radiation and convection
389:and other places where
513:
474:Since air has a lower
408:is passed through the
366:
352:
292:central heating system
281:
238:
221:businessman living in
144:
714:Diamant, N S (1924).
511:
364:
350:
279:
236:
142:
327:using liquid-cooled
61:improve this article
379:railway locomotives
804:Russian inventions
514:
367:
353:
286:Radiator (heating)
282:
239:
145:
682:on 26 August 2014
246:thermal radiation
196:thermal radiation
155:used to transfer
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
816:
773:
772:
770:
768:
750:
744:
743:
720:SAE Transactions
711:
705:
704:
698:
690:
688:
687:
681:
675:. Archived from
674:
666:
657:
656:
645:
639:
638:
627:
621:
620:
618:
617:
606:
484:volume flow rate
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
824:
823:
819:
818:
817:
815:
814:
813:
779:
778:
777:
776:
766:
764:
752:
751:
747:
713:
712:
708:
691:
685:
683:
679:
672:
670:"Archived copy"
668:
667:
660:
647:
646:
642:
629:
628:
624:
615:
613:
612:. Gruner-fam.de
608:
607:
603:
598:
587:– small, squat
561:
544:
538:
506:
500:
451:(for fins) and
399:heat exchangers
359:
345:
317:
311:
288:
274:
231:
212:Franz San Galli
204:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
822:
820:
812:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
781:
780:
775:
774:
745:
706:
658:
640:
637:on 2010-02-07.
622:
600:
599:
597:
594:
593:
592:
582:
577:
572:
567:
560:
557:
537:
534:
530:liquid cooling
502:Main article:
499:
496:
375:piston-engined
355:Main article:
344:
343:Engine cooling
341:
321:cooling towers
313:Main article:
310:
307:
284:Main article:
273:
270:
230:
227:
223:St. Petersburg
203:
200:
184:engine cooling
157:thermal energy
153:heat exchanger
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
821:
810:
809:Vehicle parts
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
786:
784:
767:September 26,
763:
759:
755:
749:
746:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
710:
707:
702:
696:
678:
671:
665:
663:
659:
654:
650:
644:
641:
636:
632:
626:
623:
611:
605:
602:
595:
590:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
570:Heat spreader
568:
566:
563:
562:
558:
556:
554:
550:
543:
535:
533:
531:
526:
523:
519:
510:
505:
497:
495:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
476:heat capacity
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
438:thermosiphons
435:
431:
427:
423:
418:
415:
411:
407:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
363:
358:
349:
342:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
316:
315:Cooling tower
308:
306:
304:
300:
295:
293:
287:
278:
271:
269:
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
242:Heat transfer
235:
228:
226:
224:
220:
217:
216:Prussian-born
213:
209:
201:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
141:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
765:. Retrieved
757:
748:
723:
719:
709:
684:. Retrieved
677:the original
652:
643:
635:the original
625:
614:. Retrieved
604:
545:
527:
515:
473:
446:
419:
410:engine block
403:
391:heat engines
368:
318:
299:space heater
296:
289:
266:
258:phase change
240:
205:
173:
148:
146:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
754:"Radiators"
726:: 295–336.
395:watercrafts
383:motorcycles
194:instead of
169:electronics
783:Categories
686:2014-08-23
616:2011-09-20
596:References
553:main truss
540:See also:
536:Spacecraft
522:heat sinks
518:waste heat
463:, often a
434:cavitation
401:instead).
393:are used (
377:aircraft,
303:fan heater
254:Conduction
250:convection
206:The Roman
192:convection
117:March 2009
87:newspapers
76:"Radiator"
732:0096-736X
585:Radiatori
580:Heat pump
575:Heat pipe
565:Heat sink
504:Heat sink
469:aluminium
465:polyamide
426:corrosion
325:buildings
262:convector
208:hypocaust
165:buildings
18:Radiators
794:Plumbing
740:44723708
695:cite web
559:See also
329:chillers
149:radiator
492:Ram air
480:density
461:plastic
430:erosion
422:glycols
406:coolant
337:coolant
272:Heating
219:Russian
202:History
180:coolant
176:heating
101:scholar
738:
730:
459:or of
449:copper
167:, and
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
736:JSTOR
680:(PDF)
673:(PDF)
589:pasta
457:brass
453:brass
442:pumps
151:is a
108:JSTOR
94:books
769:2015
762:NASA
728:ISSN
701:link
488:fans
478:and
432:and
414:fins
331:for
301:and
248:and
214:, a
188:HVAC
186:and
161:cars
80:news
63:by
785::
760:.
756:.
734:.
724:19
722:.
718:.
697:}}
693:{{
661:^
651:.
444:.
428:,
385:,
381:,
305:.
198:.
171:.
163:,
147:A
771:.
742:.
703:)
689:.
655:.
619:.
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
