463:
2171:'s "In the Days Before Rock and Roll" (chosen mainly because of its mention of the radio station), before "At the End of the Day" (one of their closedown songs) was played heading into the top of the hour (even though DJ Jeff Graham had said that they were going to play the original closedown tune, it was not in fact the original song, but a later version the station used as the original was not located, "It's Time To Say Goodnight"). The station then went satellite and shortwave (15350 kHz) only, with the first songs played being "
2396:, Radio Luxembourg's parent company, was an initial minority shareholder in the UK's Channel Five terrestrial analogue television channel, launched in 1997. RTL became the majority shareholder from 2006, when it had been re-branded as "Five". It was one of more than fifty television stations that RTL owned throughout Europe. Unlike RTL's television stations in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands, most of which are explicitly branded as RTL, Five did not significantly acknowledge its Luxembourg heritage on-air. RTL sold Five to
2494:(1439 kHz for Luxembourg and 719 kHz for Free Europe), the jamming also affected Radio Luxembourg's signal. Even though western popular music was considered undesirable by socialist regimes, legal prosecution was rare, although not unheard of. The music appealed to young people as something forbidden, and listening to it became a social ritual. It also strongly influenced contemporary underground culture and music in Czechoslovakia.
300:(BBC), whose shares were owned by British and American electrical companies. Although in theory the BBC could have sold sponsored airtime, its income instead came from selling its own brand of licensed radio receivers manufactured by its owners. This arrangement lasted until 1927, when the broadcasting licence of the original BBC was allowed to expire. The assets of the former commercial company were then sold to a new non-commercial
1074:
425:(which the Luxembourg government refused to sign) came into effect, and shortly afterwards Radio Luxembourg started a regular schedule of English-language transmissions from 8:15 am to midnight on Sundays, and at various times during the rest of the week. In February, Radio Luxembourg began broadcasting in both French and English on a new 200 kW transmitter on 230 kHz (1304 metres) in the long-wave band.
3035:
244:
42:
330:, which leased time on transmitters in continental Europe and resold it as sponsored English-language programming aimed at audiences in Britain and Ireland. Because Plugge successfully demonstrated that state monopolies such as that of the BBC could be broken, other parties became attracted to the idea of creating a new commercial radio station specifically for this purpose.
684:(which this time the Luxembourg government did sign), which allocated the country two high-power frequencies, one on long wave and the other on medium wave. Eventually all English programming moved to medium wave, with long wave being dedicated to French programmes, while German, Dutch and other languages used medium wave during the daytime.
2322:
and with advertising content aimed at a UK audience. Initially this only broadcast until 7 pm and ended with an announcement specifically encouraging listeners to switch to Radio
Luxembourg on 1440 kHz medium wave. Atlantic 252 switched to 24-hour broadcasts around the time that Radio Luxembourg
1645:
By the middle of 1968, even the two
Caroline offshore stations had left the air and, while other attempts were made to restart offshore radio commercial broadcasts aimed at the UK in the early 1970s, Luxembourg did not face commercial competition, only a growing increase in audience share by more BBC
438:
In the years from 1933 to 1939, the
English-language service of Radio Luxembourg gained a large audience in the UK and other European countries, with sponsored programming aired from noon until midnight on Sundays and at various times during the rest of the week. Around 11% of Britons listened to it
1085:
Following the merger of the
English-language service of Radio Luxembourg I with the new English-language service of Radio Luxembourg II on 208 metres medium wave, the station came to be known as Radio Luxembourg. A British company, Radio Luxembourg (London) Ltd, controlled the programme content and
659:
When the Allied armed forces vacated the Radio
Luxembourg premises at the close of World War II, the English-language service attempted to restart transmissions to the United Kingdom as a full-time commercial radio station using the European long-wave band, once more under the management of Stephen
1521:
signal was strong and unaffected during daylight hours by fading or interference. Following the success of this first offshore station, others soon followed, mostly broadcasting from off the Essex coast or in the Thames
Estuary. These transmissions were later extended around the clock and featured
1093:
at night that covered the
British Isles, although reception was strongest in northern England. By restricting the service to night-time, the sales representatives were able to sell most of the available airtime both for spot commercials and for sponsored programmes. One spot commercial that became
667:
served his last few months in
Luxembourg, and this led to his employment by Stephen Williams on 21 June 1946. Williams soon left the station and Everitt found himself in charge of a small on-air staff of three women and one man. Because of the dearth of advertising available in English, the early
357:
Anen became inspired by the activities of
Captain Plugge, who was using transmitters licensed in other countries to broadcast English-language radio programmes to Britain and Ireland, whose governments had not licensed commercial broadcasting. On 11 May 1929, he brought together a group of mainly
1533:
passed into
British law, and forced all but the two Caroline stations off the air by eliminating their means of selling commercial advertising in the UK. As well as closing down offshore "pirate radio", the British government instructed the BBC to create its own non-commercial replacement, named
1509:
began daytime commercial transmissions to southern England from a ship anchored less than four miles off the Essex coast (the station later acquired a second ship, and moved the first to the Irish Sea). Radio Caroline's opening announcement identified it as "Your all-day music station" β a clear
1525:
As a result of this competition, Radio Luxembourg gradually abandoned pre-recorded sponsored programmes for a more flexible continuity. Its new format featured mainly spot advertising within record programmes presented live by resident disc jockeys in Luxembourg, some of them recruited from the
1129:
During this period, and particularly from about 1960, the station's output came to be more explicitly targeted at the growing teenage market, with increasing emphasis on pop music. Drama productions, comedy, variety and sports programming disappeared altogether. By about 1963, almost all the
2485:
and other contemporary popular music. Under good weather conditions, and especially at night, people as far as eastern Czechoslovakia, Poland, Estonia, Lithuania and Leningrad could listen to the station. Eastern Bloc governments did not use jammers to prevent people from listening to Radio
389:
worked as editor-in-chief and trilingual head spokeswoman for the station in German, English and French. In May 1932, Radio Luxembourg began high-powered test transmissions aimed directly at Britain and Ireland (which proved, inadvertently, to be the first radio modification of the
1026:β joined Radio Luxembourg on 21 June 1946 after being demobbed from British Army in Luxembourg. He was hired by Stephen Williams and when Williams returned to the UK, Everitt took over his job. In later years he became the London-based boss of the entire English-language operation.
2379:) but the transmitter power was reduced, and by 2008 was not receivable outside Luxembourg itself (essentially, a test transmission). Simulcasts over the Internet also stopped in 2009. Both the station and its website made numerous references to the old 208 service.
1673:
listeners. The Survey was conducted during the last quarter of 1982 by British Market Research Bureau for Radio Luxembourg (London) Ltd. By the time the survey appeared, the programme line-up below had changed in various ways, including the death of
369:
On 19 December 1929, the government of Luxembourg passed a law awarding a monopoly licence to operate a commercial radio broadcasting franchise from the Grand Duchy. On 29 December, this licence was awarded to the Society, which in turn created the
1032:β joined in May 1948 and he and Everitt ran the English service in Luxembourg by themselves until 1950 due to the lack of advertising income. Then Johnson returned to England to develop his singing career and later returned to join Pete Murray.
2190:
The satellite and shortwave service continued until midnight on 30 December 1992. The closedown night was relayed on various stations, including the old 208 wavelength. The Van Morrison song was the next-to-last record that night, followed by
679:
on medium wave. The English programmes of Radio Luxembourg moved on 2 July 1951, from long wave to the medium wave frequency of 208 metres (1439 kHz). The controversy over the station's broadcasting frequencies had been resolved with the
1117:, London W1. This was never made clear to listeners, who were allowed to form the incorrect impression that all the presenters were broadcasting from the Grand Duchy or, alternatively, assume that all the programmes were recorded in London.
1120:
A conspiracy of silence operated throughout this period between sworn enemies Radio Luxembourg and the BBC, each of which never mentioned the existence of the other, although many famous names appeared on both, often almost simultaneously.
450:
telephone lines to broadcast from London, many English-language programmes were recorded there and flown to Luxembourg. Despite the opposition, by 1938 many British companies advertised on Radio Luxembourg and fellow European broadcaster
3047:
968:, one of its biggest singing stars, to perform more upbeat material than her traditional repertoire, she refused, and signed up to record 42 shows for Luxembourg instead β which, she said, also paid better. Likewise, the comedy series
1646:
services. For a time in the late 1960s Luxembourg advertised itself as "The O.I.S. β the Only Independent Station on the Air". In 1973, the BBC radio monopoly within the UK was finally ended by new legislation allowing
735:
439:
during the week, preferring Luxembourg's light music and variety programmes to the BBC. Up to half of Britons did so before 10:15 am on weekdays when the BBC did not broadcast, and at weekends when it followed the
398:
used for these tests carried a signal far superior to anything previously received from outside the country. The British government accused Radio Luxembourg of "pirating" the various wavelengths it was testing.
668:
morning shows on long wave quickly disappeared and made way for French-language programmes. More contractions followed and this led to cuts in more of the morning, afternoon and evening programming in English.
466:
A group of holiday-making English Radio Luxembourg fans, pictured in front of the main entrance to the Transmitting Station. The date is Wednesday 9 August 1939, three weeks before the declaration of war.
1405:β joined the team in 1956, becoming Chief Announcer and staying until 1966, when he left to work for BBC radio. He returned to Luxembourg in 1975 and remained on the staff until his death in 1982.
1130:
station's output was based around the playing of music on discs; the mainstream evening audience for middle-aged "family entertainment" had by this time largely migrated from radio to television.
3000:
13a. Veronika Ε tefeΔkovΓ‘: RTL Group today Extract of bachelor's degree thesis Radio Luxembourg and its importance for auditors in the socialist Czechoslovakia (oral history) β PDF file in English
563:(The anthem of this children's show was still being celebrated by fan sites in 2007. Another version of the Ovaltineys programming began again after World War II on Radio Luxembourg over its
215:). In the late 1930s, and again in the 1950s and 1960s, it had large audiences across Britain and Ireland with its programmes of popular entertainment, and was an important forerunner of
964:
Radio Luxembourg also served as a refuge for stars and shows previously heard on the BBC but with whom the BBC had fallen out for one reason or another. Thus, when in 1951 the BBC wanted
2167:
on 30 December 1991 (the station did return to the analogue 208/1440 for one night a year later when the station finally closed its digital service), the last record played on AM being
1538:, which began transmissions at the end of September 1967. While Luxembourg again almost had the UK commercial airwaves to itself, it was still restricted to evening and night hours.
2140:
In 1989, hoping to build a new audience, Luxembourg in English once more returned with a daytime schedule for the first time since the early 1950s, but this time it was aimed at
402:
The station had planned to start regular broadcasts on 4 June 1933, but the complaints caused Radio Luxembourg to keep shifting its wavelength. The English service was leased to
2416:
The wavelengths and frequencies used by the English service of Radio Luxembourg changed throughout the years, although "208" was by far the longest-lasting and most famous one.
1497:. Many of these programmes were sponsored by record companies, and in order to include as many records as possible, most programmes played little more than half of each record.
446:
The BBC and successive British governments continued to oppose the competition, citing Radio Luxembourg's use of an unauthorised frequency. As the station could not use
1530:
671:
By the start of the 1950s, sponsorship of the English service had begun to grow once more, and while initially some of the English-language programmes continued via
3107:
582:β the first station manager, who resumed his duties with the English service when the station resumed commercial English-language transmissions after World War II
3082:
1657:
audience and advertising, while a brief replay of competition for audiences began to emerge from off the British coastline with new radio ship transmissions.
3102:
3072:
2457:β radio programme schedules and features after 1951 until 1959 whose name varied as it was merged with other publications and issued by various publishers.
622:
government closed the radio station to protect the neutrality of the country during World War II. The station and its transmitters were taken over by the
3077:
3117:
3112:
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Details of Radio Luxembourg programming and presenters in English from 1951 until 1958 are drawn from the monthly publications known collectively as
455:. The stations thus exposed millions of Britons and British companies to commercial broadcasting, which contributed to the creation of the commercial
3097:
1510:
reference both to Luxembourg's night-time-only broadcasts, and to the BBC's patchy pop music coverage. The first song played was "Not Fade Away" by
2790:
1020:
Ursula Brennan β Patricia Giles β Beatrice Feltes β John De Denghy β record presenters who all left the station with Stephen Williams around 1948.
199:
The English-language service of Radio Luxembourg began in 1933 as one of the earliest commercial radio stations broadcasting to both the UK and
2172:
974:, terminated by the BBC after six years, transferred to Radio Luxembourg for a period in 1950β51 before the BBC relented and revived the show.
354:. With its central location in western Europe, the Grand Duchy was an ideal site for broadcasts to many nations, including the United Kingdom.
3087:
3127:
3122:
896:
2986:
Mass Media Moments in the United Kingdom, the USSR and the US, by Gilder, Eric. β "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu Press, Romania. 2003
1653:
In 1983, Radio Luxembourg marked its fiftieth anniversary as a station, but the British commercial radio stations kept whittling away the
1369:, the remarkable American disc-jockey whose programmes in the States cause excitement to rise to a fever pitch, presents "Rock 'n' roll"."
2445:β radio publication pre-World War II that published programme schedules for all the European continental stations broadcasting in English
3067:
1014:
769:β a version of the popular show that was originally broadcast before World War II over the original Radio Luxembourg long-wave station.
579:
407:
2817:
2754:
2527:
2469:
See also: "Radio-Luxembourg, Histoire d'un mΓ©dia privΓ© d'envergure europΓ©enne", by David DOMINGUEZ MULLER, L'Harmattan, Paris, 2007.
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It was this second wavelength that eventually became dedicated to English-language programming after 6 pm under the slogan of "
106:
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265:
78:
63:
1505:
Radio Luxembourg enjoyed a monopoly of English-language commercial radio programming heard in the UK until, in March 1964,
623:
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2997:"Radio-Luxembourg, Histoire d'un mΓ©dia privΓ© d'envergure europΓ©enne", by David DOMINGUEZ MULLER, L'Harmattan, Paris, 2007
2180:
1337:
1202:
765:
297:
85:
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440:
2848:
2654:
Nicholas, SiΓ’n (1999). "The People's Radio: The BBC and its Audience, 1939β1945". In Hayes, Nick; Hill, Jeff (eds.).
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shut down its medium wave broadcasts. Atlantic 252 closed down in 2002 and the long wave frequency is now used for
1470:
1307:
817:
19:
This article is about the English-language radio station that broadcast between 1933 and 1992. For other uses, see
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record show on Saturday nights over Radio Luxembourg, which is beamed to most of the countries of Free Europe."
346:. Within two years, the government of Luxembourg had reached an agreement to subsidize the station to broadcast
2430:
1089:
The station sign-on time at dusk varied between summer and winter to allow maximum benefit to be gained from a
1017:β the English service manager before World War II, resumed his duties when commercial broadcasting began again.
715:
signal could be received satisfactorily in the United Kingdom only after dark, when it was able to strike the
1109:
Some programmes were live disc-jockey presentations by the team of "resident announcers" from the studios in
74:
1647:
1518:
1045:
207:
a monopoly of radio broadcasting on UK territory and prohibited all forms of advertising over the domestic
2503:
2372:
2362:
2013:
1630:
1620:
1554:
1550:
1418:
850:
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The following disc-jockeys recorded shows in the London studios at 38 Hertford Street: Peter Aldersley,
634:) and others. When Allied forces took over Luxembourg in September 1944, the station was transferred to
320:
1722:
1023:
664:
601:
2637:
2132:
During the 1980s one of the station's slogans was "Planet earth's biggest commercial radio station".
1976:
1221:
978:
477:
226:, continued its involvement in broadcasts to a UK audience with the British TV channel then known as
2420:
2319:
1626:
585:
447:
211:. It boasted the most powerful privately owned transmitter in Europe (200 kW, broadcasting on
3017:
2245:
1423:
1061:
1041:
804:, "Pilot of the future" β fifteen-minute serial heard Monday-to-Friday and featuring the voice of
3092:
2966:
2919:"Radio Luxembourg and its importance for auditors in the socialist Czechoslovakia (oral history)"
2491:
2350:
2332:
1511:
1434:
596:
535:
24:
2893:"Radio Luxembourg and its significance for listeners in socialist Czechoslovakia (oral history)"
2328:
2198:
The 208 service from that moment on carried the German-language service, identifying itself as "
499:
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692:
414:
to become the first manager of the English-language service of Radio Luxembourg. Programmes in
3039:
2987:
2750:
2702:
2659:
2565:
2559:
2487:
2335:. The voice of Henry Owens was also heard on promotions for both stations in the early 1990s.
2192:
2096:
2018:
1428:
1265:
1194:
988:
954:
917:
862:
529:
99:
2451:β radio publication after World War II that published news about Radio Luxembourg in English.
2994:β This work includes a study of European commercial radio from both Luxembourg and offshore.
2825:
1478:
1286:
1177:
1095:
1055:
945:
787:
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639:
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Radio Luxembourg was also broadcast on RTL's various European TV channels after closedown.
2956:
2397:
2202:β Der Oldiesender". This medium wave broadcast shut down at midnight on 31 December 2015.
1252:
1114:
1110:
1049:
688:
422:
406:
in the United Kingdom. In December 1933, Radio Publicity (London) transferred 23-year-old
316:
203:. The station provided a way to circumvent British legislation which until 1973 gave the
1073:
2807:
Source: Peter Alex, "Who's Who in Pop Radio", London, 1966 (British Library: 000047169)
2739:
2531:
2324:
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2100:
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2027:
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327:
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208:
707:, during 1965), offered to buy the morning time from 6 am to 9 am for his own show on
196:. It is known in most non-English languages as RTL (for Radio Television Luxembourg).
3061:
2561:
Crossing the Ether: Pre-war Public Service Radio and Commercial Competition in the UK
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2112:
2057:
1601:
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1450:
1408:
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On 1 January 1934, a new international agreement, the Lucerne Convention or European
351:
347:
339:
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to force the Luxembourg government to issue them a commercial broadcasting licence.
3051:
2478:
2327:. Presenters common to both Atlantic 252 and Radio Luxembourg include Jeff Graham,
2311:
2297:
2268:
2210:
2168:
2086:
2077:
1675:
1595:
1566:
1560:
1514:, which could be interpreted as a dig at Luxembourg's fluctuating signal strength.
1494:
1482:
1454:
1402:
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called Radio Luxembourg began in 2005. It was briefly available in the UK using
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2141:
2023:
1924:
1702:
1616:
1610:
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1377:
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809:
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386:
243:
41:
2983:, a book by Alan Bailey about his career at Radio Luxembourg from 1958 to 1975.
2866:
2465:β radio programme schedules and features publication during the 1960s and 1970s
1380:
presents news, music and personalities recorded at the Embassy Club in London."
524:
the latest dance music sponsored by a medication "for cuts, burns and bruises."
296:
In 1922, the British government awarded a monopoly broadcasting licence to the
2482:
2125:
1458:
1366:
1341:
1058:β joined with Drexler, Beynon and Mitchell; remained in Luxembourg until 1956.
995:
934:
716:
643:
619:
391:
193:
1522:
many different broadcasting formats, though pop music on discs predominated.
475:
These were some of the shows heard in 1935 as listed in the 3 May edition of
418:
debuted on 3 December 1933 under the editorial guidance of Stephen Williams.
311:
With no possibility of commercial broadcasting available from inside the UK,
2477:
Radio Luxembourg was one of few channels through which people living in the
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2376:
2368:
2340:
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375:
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223:
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28:
1280:β with Keith Fordyce, playing the latest British and American hit records.
2791:"'A true music man': Tributes to industry exec, DJ and manager Tony Hall"
2315:
2152:
1103:
800:
740:
558:
395:
1113:, while others were pre-recorded in the company's British studios at 38
2461:
1384:
1145:
1106:, spelt K-E-Y-N-S-H-A-M" into a household name throughout the country.
1090:
1078:
812:
on BBC radio. This serial began on 2 July 1951 and ran for five years.
635:
519:
358:
French entrepreneurs to form the Luxembourg Society for Radio Studies (
268: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
200:
1133:
These were some of the shows heard in December 1956, as listed in the
2145:
992:
675:
on long wave, a second but less powerful wavelength was opened up as
626:
in 1940, and were used for English-language propaganda broadcasts by
3011:
752:
These were some of the shows heard in March 1952 as reported in the
734:
1072:
733:
461:
2684:
Pressure Group: The Campaign for Commercial Television in England
1094:
burned into the minds of every Radio Luxembourg listener was for
1038:β joined after Johnson departed but Drexler left after one month.
410:
from directing its English-language programmes transmitted over
1398:
Resident announcers in Luxembourg during this period included:
2346:
2164:
2090:
1589:
1361:β "120 minutes of exciting, non-stop, action-packed radio ...
854:
394:). The reaction of the British government was hostile, as the
237:
204:
35:
783:β "anything you want to know" (Sundays, Wednesdays, Fridays).
2720:
2718:
2656:'Millions like us'?: British culture in the Second World War
1637:
All the ex-Radio London DJs worked later for BBC Radio One.
748:, the programme listing guide to Radio Luxembourg in English
2611:
3014:
on the history of the English service of Radio Luxembourg
2159:
analogue night-time service. The end eventually came for
1052:β all joined with Drexler and left shortly after Drexler.
551:
gramophone records presented by a football pools company.
726:", referring to the entertainers heard on the station.
2367:
An English-language classic rock digital station from
1336:β Benny Lee presents the latest recordings from EMI's
1010:
Resident announcers in Luxembourg at different times:
3023:
944:β dance music with Russ Morgan Orchestra compered by
2588:, Michigan State University Press, 1969, pp.158β159.
508:
sponsored medication programme "for asthma suffers".
2963:
programme listings magazine for March 1955, page 4.
1102:, turning the previously obscure Somerset town of "
443:schedule of only serious and religious programmes.
172:
155:
143:
66:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2738:
2586:National and International Systems of Broadcasting
1665:These were shows heard in 1982 as reported in the
1437:(became Chief Announcer after Alldis left in 1966)
360:La SociΓ©tΓ© Luxembourgeoise d'Γtudes Radiophoniques
2867:"Behind the Iron Curtain | Radio Luxembourg"
1064:β joined Everitt, Johnson and Murray in May 1951.
27:. For the modern German-language descendant, see
23:. For the modern French-language descendant, see
16:Multilingual commercial broadcaster in Luxembourg
2699:Days Seemed Longer: Early Years of a Broadcaster
2612:"In Erinnerung an Eva Siewert. Eine Spurensuche"
1613:, Radio London Big β L 266, Radio Caroline South
1383:10:30 pm β Philips' Fanfare β records from this
1324:β presented by the Italian State Tourist Office.
534:sponsored by a football pools coupon company in
338:In 1924, radio technician François Anen built a
691:who was better known at Hawaiian radio station
2952:with name variations and different publishers.
2649:
2647:
2005:Some other presenters in the 1970s and 1980s:
1623:, Radio Caroline 199, Radio London Big β L 266
2741:The Information Revolution and World Politics
1224:, later heard on Tuesdays as well, replacing
542:2:00 pm β English service ends until 2:30 pm.
192:was a multilingual commercial broadcaster in
8:
2677:
2675:
138:
2849:"RTL sells Channel Five to Richard Desmond"
2314:, an English-language pop music station on
2302:In 1989, Radio Luxembourg's parent company
1517:In Caroline's primary reception areas, her
1098:'s "Infra-Draw Method" of winning money on
642:purposes for the remainder of the war (see
376:Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Radiodiffusion
2658:. Liverpool University Press. p. 66.
2213:(under the professional name Chris Holmes)
1650:, funded by the sale of advertising time.
744:Monday-to-Friday serial as it appeared in
137:
2271:DJ. Canadian, on Caroline as Judy Murphy)
638:control on 9 September 1944 and used for
304:, which operated under a UK charter from
284:Learn how and when to remove this message
219:and modern commercial radio in Britain.
126:Learn how and when to remove this message
2818:"Wrong tune played at 1440AM closedown?"
1198:β starring listeners caught in the act.
921:β Adventists' Union religious programme.
319:captain and entrepreneur (and from 1935
3030:
2564:. John Libbey Publishing. p. 254.
2550:
1546:The presenters included the following:
1354:β results of the matches played today.
2473:Political significance in Eastern Bloc
2173:When Will You (Make My Telephone Ring)
786:11.00 PM β Top Twenty β introduced by
719:and bounce back to the British Isles.
3108:Radio stations disestablished in 1992
2701:. London: Eyre Methuen. p. 123.
2686:. Secker and Warburg. pp. 25β27.
2036:David Lee Stone (former Laser 558 DJ)
1531:Marine Broadcasting Offences Act 1967
821:, serial heard from Monday to Friday.
7:
3083:1992 disestablishments in Luxembourg
2745:. Rowman & Littlefield. p.
699:(and later became the morning DJ at
514:the Irish Concert recorded programme
350:concerts and plays performed in the
266:adding citations to reliable sources
64:adding citations to reliable sources
1789:β with Rob Jones and Barry Alldis.
1713:β with Barry Alldis and Rob Jones.
1137:programme schedule for that month:
222:Radio Luxembourg's parent company,
3103:Radio stations established in 1933
3073:Mass media companies of Luxembourg
2824:. 26 February 2007. Archived from
2528:International Broadcasting Company
2106:Ollie Henry (wife of Stuart Henry)
1823:β with Rob Jones and Benny Brown.
1751:β with Rob Jones and Benny Brown.
1310:, recorded on location in the UK.
711:, but his offer was rejected. The
512:12:30 pm β Golden Hour of Music β
328:International Broadcasting Company
14:
3078:1933 establishments in Luxembourg
2601:Forest Press, Heswall, 1996, p.5.
2510:Radio Luxembourg (disambiguation)
953:Bringing Christ to the Nations β
555:5:30 pm β League of Ovaltineys β
547:Vernon's All-Star Variety Concert
378:) to be identified on the air as
21:Radio Luxembourg (disambiguation)
3118:Defunct shortwave radio stations
3113:Defunct mass media in Luxembourg
3045:
3033:
3020:βThe Last Day of 208 (streaming)
2780:, Norwich, 1972, SBN 903 61900 8
2426:Junglinster Longwave Transmitter
1867:with Bob Stewart and Mike Hollis
1699:Star Chart and Top 30 UK Singles
1667:Radio Luxembourg Research Report
488:: 12:00 noon β Musical Voyage β
302:British Broadcasting Corporation
242:
230:until it was sold in July 2010.
40:
3098:English-language radio stations
1969:β with Stuart and Ollie Henry.
1915:β with Stuart and Ollie Henry.
1693:β with Stuart and Ollie Henry.
1604:, Radio London Big β L 266, BBC
1209:Dawn Bible Students Association
1081:in Brussels, Belgium. July 1958
998:to do a special taped 1/2 hour
738:March 1952 advertising for the
724:208 β Your station of the stars
372:Luxembourg Broadcasting Company
342:transmitter in his home in the
253:needs additional citations for
51:needs additional citations for
2969:who played the voice parts of
2486:Luxembourg, but did do so for
2389:Channel 5 (British TV channel)
1901:β with Stuart and Ollie Henry.
1779:Daily Mirror Rock and Pop Club
506:12:15 pm β Do-Do Broadcasts β
1:
2847:Welsh, James (23 July 2010).
2737:Hanson, Elizabeth C. (2008).
2490:and, since the stations used
2437:Radio Luxembourg publications
2345:Andrew Turner, ex newsreader
1935:(repeat) β with Bob Stewart.
1678:in the middle of the survey:
991:of the Towers of London, for
385:From 1932, German journalist
334:Formation of Radio Luxembourg
3088:Radio stations in Luxembourg
2967:The obituary of Noel Johnson
2155:satellite to supplement the
808:who also played the part of
404:Radio Publicity (London) Ltd
298:British Broadcasting Company
3128:Counterculture of the 1960s
3123:Counterculture of the 1950s
1387:presented by Guy Standeven.
1365:and at approximately 9:30:
1086:sold the advertising time.
845:β every Wednesday starring
557:presented by the makers of
3146:
3068:International broadcasters
2959:reference is cited in the
2822:The Radio Luxembourg Forum
2386:
2360:
2357:Radio Luxembourg (digital)
2295:
2144:audiences using a 24-hour
1578:, Radio London Big β L 266
1563:, Radio London Big β L 266
1251:β Mel Thompson presenting
893:Old Fashioned Revival Hour
801:The Adventures of Dan Dare
776:β "the famous Memory Man".
618:On 21 September 1939, the
176:30 December 1992
18:
2599:From International Waters
2524:β German-language station
2522:Radio Luxembourg (German)
2518:β French-language station
2516:Radio Luxembourg (French)
2512:β other language services
2383:Five (television channel)
2375:(digital broadcasts over
2205:Presenters in the 1990s:
971:Much-Binding-in-the-Marsh
766:Ovaltiney's Concert Party
604:(Chief Announcer in 1938)
344:Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
161:3 December 1933
2973:on Radio Luxembourg and
2431:FM- and TV-mast Hosingen
2287:Legacy from 1992 onwards
2195:'s "Maybe the Morning".
983:magazine reported that "
842:The Story of Dr. Kildare
2308:RaidiΓ³ TeilifΓs Γireann
1957:β with Rodney Collins.
1648:Independent Local Radio
987:Radio made a deal with
2917:Ε tefeΔkovΓ‘, Veronika.
2891:Ε tefeΔkovΓ‘, Veronika.
2797:. London. 9 July 2019.
2506:β the new 2005 service
2504:Radio Luxembourg (DRM)
2404:Background information
2363:Radio Luxembourg (DRM)
1633:, Radio Caroline South
1631:Swinging Radio England
1621:British Forces Network
1180:show presented by Sir
1082:
933:β quiz programme with
866:β religious broadcast.
749:
624:invading German forces
467:
352:Luxembourgish language
234:Background and origins
2871:Radioluxembourg.co.uk
2697:Plomley, Roy (1980).
2682:Wilson, H.H. (1961).
2558:Street, Sean (2006).
1989:β with Barry Alldis.
1893:β with Stuart Henry.
1837:Top 30 Easy Listening
1773:with Rodney Collins;
1076:
876:Music From the Ballet
737:
650:Second commercial era
530:Littlewoods Broadcast
465:
2828:on 29 September 2007
2638:"kona HAARPoon 2017"
2492:harmonic frequencies
2339:Charlie Wolf, ex DJ
2277:Jessie Brandon, (ex
1981:β with Bob Stewart.
1943:β with Barry Alldis.
1885:β with Benny Brown.
1839:β with Benny Brown.
1831:β with Bob Stewart.
1801:β with Benny Brown.
1759:β with Barry Alldis.
1741:Battle of the Giants
1529:In August 1967, the
1278:Rockin' To Dreamland
1222:Herbert W. Armstrong
1147:Butlin's Beaver Club
1077:Radio Luxembourg at
931:Chance of a Lifetime
833:β odds announcement.
756:programme schedule:
682:1948 Copenhagen plan
429:First commercial era
324:member of parliament
262:improve this article
60:improve this article
2640:. 19 February 2017.
2421:Marnach transmitter
2412:Transmitter history
2148:transponder on the
2001:β with Mike Hollis.
1847:β with Mike Hollis.
1809:β with Mike Hollis.
1526:offshore stations.
1091:skywave propagation
911:with Peter Madren.
885:with Wilfrid Thomas
831:Soccer of Leicester
677:Radio Luxembourg II
448:General Post Office
326:) β set up his own
315:β a former British
140:
2940:General references
2778:The Wireless Stars
2543:Specific citations
2351:Laser Hot Hits 576
2087:David "Kid" Jensen
1913:The Record Journal
1877:β with Rob Jones.
1739:with John Knight;
1512:the Rolling Stones
1217:The World Tomorrow
1083:
750:
673:Radio Luxembourg I
468:
459:during the 1950s.
321:Conservative Party
75:"Radio Luxembourg"
25:RTL (French radio)
2584:Walter B. Emery,
2530:β IBC created by
2488:Radio Free Europe
2400:on 23 July 2010.
2222:Bob Stewart, (ex-
2193:Marion Montgomery
1987:Midnight Memories
1266:Double Your Money
1195:Candid Microphone
989:Harry Alan Towers
977:On 7 April 1956,
955:The Lutheran Hour
918:Voice of Prophecy
909:Scottish Requests
897:Charles E. Fuller
863:Back to the Bible
697:J. Akuhead Pupule
498:and sponsored by
313:Leonard F. Plugge
294:
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3018:Radio Luxembourg
3012:Official website
2981:208 It was Great
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2481:could listen to
2267:Jodie Scott (ex
1891:Spotlight On ...
1711:Sunday's Top 20s
1352:Amateur Football
1290:β religion with
1287:Hour of Decision
1249:The Capitol Show
1207:β religion from
1204:Frank and Ernest
1178:Edward R. Murrow
1096:Horace Batchelor
1024:Geoffrey Everitt
1015:Stephen Williams
705:Honolulu, Hawaii
665:Geoffrey Everitt
663:During the war,
640:black propaganda
602:S.P. Ogden-Smith
580:Stephen Williams
496:Reginald Purdell
408:Stephen Williams
380:Radio Luxembourg
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2306:teamed up with
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1967:Top 30 Rockshow
1875:Top 30 Futurist
1863:Top of the Pops
1859:The Number Ones
1829:American Top 30
1663:
1643:
1544:
1503:
1481:, Ray Orchard,
1396:
1255:' new releases.
1253:Capitol Records
1150:β with "Uncle"
1127:
1115:Hertford Street
1111:Luxembourg City
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1050:Warren Mitchell
1008:
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1979:Top 20 Country
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1737:Radio Outreach
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1030:Teddy Johnson
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1000:rock and roll
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829:: 10:55 pm β
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71:Find sources:
65:
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49:This article
47:
43:
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30:
26:
22:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2950:208 magazine
2949:
2925:. Retrieved
2912:
2900:. Retrieved
2886:
2874:. Retrieved
2870:
2861:
2852:
2842:
2830:. Retrieved
2826:the original
2821:
2812:
2803:
2794:
2785:
2777:
2772:
2760:. Retrieved
2740:
2732:
2727:, July 1938.
2724:
2698:
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2655:
2632:
2620:. Retrieved
2615:
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2598:
2593:
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2580:
2560:
2553:
2479:Eastern Bloc
2476:
2468:
2460:
2454:
2449:Radio Parade
2448:
2442:
2415:
2407:
2392:
2366:
2312:Atlantic 252
2301:
2298:Atlantic 252
2292:Atlantic 252
2269:Caroline 558
2246:Shaun Tilley
2234:Peter Antony
2211:Chris Moyles
2204:
2197:
2189:
2169:Van Morrison
2160:
2156:
2142:Scandinavian
2139:
2131:
2097:Stuart Henry
2078:Paul Burnett
2033:Tony Blewitt
2019:Peter Powell
2004:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
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1921:Top 30 Disco
1920:
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1749:Top 30 Disco
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1670:
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1596:Noel Edmonds
1567:Paul Burnett
1561:Tony Brandon
1555:Radio London
1545:
1528:
1524:
1516:
1504:
1495:Muriel Young
1483:Jimmy Savile
1477:, Don Moss,
1471:David Jacobs
1467:Jack Jackson
1455:Alan Freeman
1440:
1424:Johnny Moran
1403:Barry Alldis
1397:
1373:
1363:Teenage Jury
1362:
1358:
1351:
1350:: 7:00 pm β
1347:
1333:
1329:
1321:
1314:
1308:David Jacobs
1304:Lucky Couple
1303:
1302:: 8:30 pm β
1299:
1292:Billy Graham
1284:
1277:
1271:Hughie Green
1264:
1263:: 8:00 pm β
1260:
1248:
1238:Lucky Number
1237:
1236:: 9:00 pm β
1233:
1226:Oral Roberts
1216:
1203:
1193:
1192:: 9:30 pm β
1189:
1171:
1158:
1146:
1144:: 6:00 pm β
1141:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1119:
1108:
1088:
1084:
1062:Peter Madren
1042:Roger Moffat
1036:John Drexler
1009:
979:
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969:
963:
952:
941:
930:
929:: 7:00 pm β
926:
915:
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907:: 8:00 pm β
904:
895:β religion (
892:
886:
882:
875:
874:: 8:00 pm β
871:
861:
840:
839:: 8:30 pm β
836:
830:
826:
816:
806:Noel Johnson
799:
798:: 7:15 pm β
795:
780:
774:Leslie Welch
764:
763:: 6:15 pm β
760:
753:
751:
745:
739:
723:
721:
712:
708:
696:
686:
676:
672:
670:
662:
658:
632:Lord Haw-Haw
617:
609:World War II
567:wavelength.)
564:
556:
550:
533:
523:
522:Broadcast β
513:
507:
489:
485:
476:
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441:Reith Sunday
437:
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384:
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371:
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337:
310:
295:
280:
271:
260:Please help
255:verification
252:
221:
217:pirate radio
198:
189:
188:
122:
113:
103:
96:
89:
82:
70:
58:Please help
53:verification
50:
33:
2977:on the BBC.
2975:Dick Barton
2898:(in Slovak)
2853:Digital Spy
2832:3 September
2618:(in German)
2333:Sandy Beech
2325:RTΓ Radio 1
2318:, based in
2261:Sandy Beech
2255:Jeff Graham
2238:Wendy Lloyd
2219:Mike Hollis
2177:Deacon Blue
2049:Mike Hollis
2024:Tony Prince
1963:Street Heat
1925:Tony Prince
1883:Discothèque
1775:Beatle Hour
1723:Benny Brown
1703:Tony Prince
1617:Keith Skues
1611:Tommy Vance
1557:Big β L 266
1519:ground wave
1491:Jimmy Young
1487:Shaw Taylor
1479:Pete Murray
1435:Don Wardell
1378:Peter Haigh
1372:10.00 PM β
1322:Italy Sings
1320:10:45 pm β
1283:11:30 pm β
1276:10:00 pm β
1247:10:00 pm β
1214:11:30 pm β
1201:11:15 pm β
1056:Pete Murray
951:11:00 pm β
946:Pete Murray
940:10:00 pm β
891:11:00 pm β
860:11:00 pm β
818:Perry Mason
810:Dick Barton
788:Pete Murray
779:10:45 pm β
597:John Bewley
412:Radio Paris
387:Eva Siewert
274:August 2023
157:Launch date
3062:Categories
3040:Luxembourg
2762:26 October
2571:0861966686
2538:References
2329:Cass Jones
2310:to create
2274:Nik Martin
2242:Tony Adams
2126:Nick Abbot
1999:Love Songs
1813:Wednesdays
1661:Programmes
1551:Pete Brady
1542:Presenters
1459:David Gell
1394:Presenters
1367:Alan Freed
1357:8:00 pm β
1342:Parlophone
1334:Record Hop
1313:9:30 pm β
1261:Wednesdays
1170:9:30 pm β
1157:8:30 pm β
1125:Programmes
1006:Presenters
996:Alan Freed
935:Dick Emery
881:8:30 pm β
837:Wednesdays
815:9:30 pm β
772:9:15 pm β
730:Programmes
717:ionosphere
660:Williams.
644:Radio 1212
630:(known as
620:Luxembourg
574:Presenters
545:2:30 pm β
528:1:30 pm β
518:1:00 pm β
500:Halls Wine
471:Programmes
392:ionosphere
194:Luxembourg
180:1992-12-30
165:1933-12-03
149:Luxembourg
116:March 2012
86:newspapers
3093:RTL Group
2957:Hal Lewis
2876:6 October
2795:MusicWeek
2394:RTL Group
2377:shortwave
2369:RTL Group
2341:Laser 558
2304:RTL Group
2279:Laser 558
2258:Steve Joy
2230:Mark Page
2200:RTL Radio
2136:1989β1992
2093:Radio One
2082:Radio 270
2069:Radio 390
2053:Mike Read
2046:Rob Jones
1995:Earthlink
1947:Saturdays
1941:Earthlink
1899:Earthlink
1851:Thursdays
1845:Earthlink
1807:Earthlink
1795:Top 30 UK
1783:Top 30 UK
1757:Earthlink
1719:Earthlink
1641:1968β1988
1582:Simon Dee
1576:Dave Cash
1571:Radio 270
1501:1964β1967
1463:Tony Hall
1447:Alan Dell
1443:Sam Costa
1431:, 1957β60
1348:Saturdays
1300:Thursdays
1069:1954β1963
980:Billboard
966:Vera Lynn
927:Saturdays
914:11:00 pm
872:Thursdays
851:Hollywood
847:Lew Ayres
689:Hal Lewis
687:In 1955,
655:1946β1956
614:1940β1945
536:Liverpool
434:1933β1939
306:the Crown
224:RTL Group
213:long wave
173:Dissolved
29:RTL Radio
2971:Dan Dare
2498:See also
2316:longwave
2163:at 3 am
2014:Neil Fox
1983:Midnight
1977:Marlboro
1971:11:00 pm
1929:11:00 pm
1887:Midnight
1879:11:00 pm
1833:11:00 pm
1763:Tuesdays
1707:11:00 pm
1429:Don Moss
1419:Ted King
1359:Jamboree
1338:Columbia
1234:Tuesdays
1104:Keynsham
827:Tuesdays
741:Dan Dare
559:Ovaltine
340:100-watt
3026:Portals
2622:9 March
2462:Fab 208
2320:Ireland
1991:1:00 am
1959:7:00 pm
1951:6:45 pm
1937:1:00 am
1923:β with
1917:9:00 pm
1909:7:00 pm
1905:Fridays
1895:1:00 am
1871:9:00 pm
1855:7:00 pm
1841:1:00 am
1825:9:00 pm
1817:7:00 pm
1803:1:00 am
1791:9:00 pm
1767:6:45 pm
1753:1:00 am
1733:6:45 pm
1729:Mondays
1721:β with
1715:1:00 am
1701:β with
1695:9:00 pm
1687:7:00 pm
1683:Sundays
1536:Radio 1
1374:Tonight
1344:labels.
1330:Fridays
1306:β with
1240:β with
1220:β with
1190:Mondays
1163:β with
1142:Sundays
1079:Expo 58
905:Fridays
796:Mondays
761:Sundays
636:US Army
520:Zam-Buk
486:Sundays
416:English
362:) as a
201:Ireland
178: (
163: (
144:Country
100:scholar
2990:
2927:30 May
2902:7 June
2753:
2705:
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2252:South)
2248:, (ex-
2226:North)
2181:Always
2146:stereo
1975:Big L
1493:, and
1176:β the
993:deejay
593:(1936)
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3052:radio
2922:(PDF)
2896:(PDF)
2183:" by
2179:and "
2175:" by
2150:Astra
2064:South
2043:North
2030:North
1598:, BBC
1385:label
490:with
107:JSTOR
93:books
2988:ISBN
2955:The
2929:2016
2904:2015
2878:2021
2834:2007
2764:2012
2751:ISBN
2703:ISBN
2660:ISBN
2624:2019
2566:ISBN
2483:rock
2331:and
1340:and
1285:The
985:WINS
916:The
701:KGMB
693:KPOA
494:and
228:Five
79:news
2961:208
2455:208
2373:DRM
2347:BBC
2165:GMT
2161:208
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2103:242
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1590:BBC
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