369:
132:
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28:
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111:, but these levels are low. In fact, they are much lower than the radiation levels required for medical X-rays. While technicians and staff conducting the X-ray must use protective gear, the object is not damaged during the process. Furthermore, the use of radiography is widely accepted by conservators, art historians, and archaeologists. Several institutions around the world conduct radiography of objects in their collections including the
274:
494:
502:
427:, conservators discovered that there were hollowed out sections through the center of the sculpture that connected three filled cavities. Information about the network inside of these sculptures has aided curators as they research the function of these pieces. The findings have led to the use of radiography to compare power figures in other collections.
314:
had been previously examined with visible and ultraviolet light, which had hinted at the possibility of an earlier composition. X-rays of the painting revealed that
Picasso had originally painted two female figures behind the guitarist. The X-rays also penetrated far enough to reveal how Picasso had
155:
Conservators and art historians have used radiography to uncover technical information about paintings. Compositions of materials, previous alterations, and painting techniques have been revealed in X-rays. This data has also been used to date works and identify forgeries. Diagnostic and therapeutic
598:
Monico L, Van der Snickt G, Janssens K, De Nolf W, Miliani C, Verbeeck J, Tian H, Tan H, Dik J, Radepont M, Cotte M (2011). "Degradation
Process of Lead Chromate in Paintings by Vincent van Gogh Studied by Means of Synchrotron X-ray Spectromicroscopy and Related Methods. 1. Artificially Aged Model
443:, for instance, different textile types and other materials are used. These materials are often hidden in the finished quilt. Therefore, X-radiography can provide conservators with useful information. For other textiles X-rays can also provide conservators with information about
182:, which will allow most of the X-rays to pass through resulting in a clearer result on the radiograph. To produce a radiograph of a painting, the radiographic film is placed on the painted surface and the X-ray tube is placed behind the canvas.
509:
Archaeological materials have also benefited from X-rays. X-rays of soil segments have revealed artifacts that have eroded away, leaving them nearly undetectable to the naked eye. Worn and damaged surfaces, which appear unmarked, have yielded
447:
since metallic mordant has historically been used in the dye making process. Details about stitching patterns can also appear on X-rays. The
Victoria & Albert Museum has used X-rays as a tool for several textile conservation projects.
574:, which is in the collection of the Walters Museum in Baltimore, Maryland. The museum spearheaded an extensive research project on the palimpsest that employed various imaging techniques including ultraviolet, infrared, and X-radiography.
385:
at the
Victoria & Albert Museum was X-rayed revealing that the supports in David's legs were positioned similarly to that of bones in a human leg. The size of this particular piece required a portable machine to complete the X-rays.
347:
materials, which is important for assessing the condition. This information can also reveal details about the manufacturing process, which may be instrumental in providing establishing place of manufacture, and possibly also reveal
967:
Rouvalis, C. (2014). The tedious intrigue of art conservation: How
Carnegie Museum of Art conservators expose fakes, restore past glory, and play doctor to every art form imaginable. Carnegie Magazine, Spring 2014. Retrieved from
106:
are also useful tools to understand the intrinsic details of certain objects. However, X-rays tend to be more useful for denser objects. The benefit of radiography is that it is not intrusive. Radiography does expose the object to
1866:
242:
in 1662. An X-ray of the painting revealed that
Rembrandt fine-tuned the composition several times, alternating the glances between the figures and slightly changing their positions before he settled on that is known today.
368:
1133:
Re, A., Corsi, J., Demmelbauer, M., Martini, M., Mila, G. & Ricci, C. (2015). X-ray tomography of a soil block: useful tool for the restoration of archaeological finds. Heritage
Science 2015 3(4). Retrieved from
1085:
Re, A., Corsi, J., Demmelbauer, M., Martini, M., Mila, G. & Ricci, C. (2015). X-ray tomography of a soil block: useful tool for the restoration of archaeological finds. Heritage
Science 2015 3(4). Retrieved from
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and other works that rely on internal supports. However, size and mobility can often affect whether or not radiography is an option for sculptural works. X-rays can also identify cracks and previous repairs to
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292:
was X-rayed, revealing that Millet had reused a canvas to complete this oil painting. The artist not only painted over a previous work, but he had also added strips of canvas to enlarge the painting area.
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300:, also at the Victoria & Albert Museum, the artist painted over a previous picture that had not even dried yet. Pigments from the lower painting appear through cracks in the surface layer.
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800:"Schreiner, B., FrĂĽhmann, B., Jembrih-SimbĂĽrger, D. & Linke, R. (2004). X-rays in art and archaeology: An overview. International Centre for Diffraction Data. Retrieved from icdd.com"
1694:
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541:. In addition to providing images of the bones within, X-rays have revealed the location of jewelry and other objects that were buried with the body without disturbing the wrappings.
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1931:
1820:
628:"Degradation Process of Lead Chromate in Paintings by Vincent van Gogh Studied by Means of Synchrotron X-ray Spectromicroscopy and Related Methods. 2. Original Paint Layer Samples"
1856:
1052:
Hackett, J. (2011). X-radiography as a tool to examine the making and remaking of historic quilts. Victoria & Albert Online
Journal 3 (Spring 2011). Retrieved from vam.ac.uk
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2016:
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has become a common tool, which when combined with analysis can, for example, "digitally unroll" or unfold and make possible the reading of fragile scrolls, books, or
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X-rays were used to understand some of the stains and stitching patterns on an
Egyptian tunic, dating to AD 600–799, in the Victoria & Albert collection.
1971:
1063:
Haldane, E., Gillies, S., O’Connor, S., Batt, C. & Stern, B. (2009). Victoria & Albert Conservation Journal 57(Spring 2009). Retrieved from vam.ac.uk
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2011:
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These processes can reveal various details about objects that are not visible to the naked eye. This information, which includes structural elements, aids
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Radiography has been used with human dry bones to diagnose pathologies, demonstrate trauma and assist age estimation through dentition eruption status.
27:
2056:
2001:
1981:
1413:
1011:
581:, which was uncovered from a shipwreck at the beginning of the 20th century, has been X-rayed several times in an effort to understand how it works.
2061:
1911:
1886:
1851:
1313:
567:
uncovered in a single container. Researchers did not have to wait for slower, traditional conservation methods to separate and decipher the coins.
514:
or other markings on X-rays. Heavily corroded metal objects have also used X-rays to learn more about their original state. Industrial and medical
2406:
1996:
1941:
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1961:
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170:. Depending on how much these pigments absorb X-rays affects how clear or opaque they will appear in the radiograph, this is known as X-ray
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884:
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has also been used to analyse the reactions of pigments in paintings. For example, in analysing colour degradation in the paintings of
1498:
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Vergano, D. (2015). X-rays reveal snippets from papyrus scrolls that survived Mount Vesuvius. Retrieved from The National Geographic
978:
911:
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disaster were excavated and researchers have used X-rays to read their contents. Previous methods involved slowly unrolling the
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An early unit for producing medical X-radiographs. The set up does not drastically differ for taking X-rays of cultural objects.
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1403:
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Images of the Archimedes Palimpsest were taken under various lighting conditions to uncover gaps and alterations to the text.
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1631:
1383:
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144:
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Monico L, Van der Snickt G, Janssens K, De Nolf W, Miliani C, Dik J, Radepont M, Hendriks E, Geldof M, Cotte M (2011).
1759:
405:
297:
1001:
Schreiner, B., FrĂĽhmann, B., Jembrih-SimbĂĽrger, D. & Linke, R. (2004). X-rays in art and archaeology: An overview
289:
112:
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1107:
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Conservators learned more about the complex stitching of the Sundial Coverlet, which dates to 1797, through X-rays.
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alterations in the course of painting or by later restorers, and sometimes previous paintings on the support. Many
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X-ray systems are generally used to produce X-rays of paintings. Infrared reflectography has also been used to see
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Cascone, S. (2014 July 1). Carnegie conservators reveal true face of Medici portrait. Retrieved from Artnet News.
394:
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Art Conservation at the University of Delaware (2014). Infrared Reflectography. Retrieved from artcons.udel.edu
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X-ray analysis revealed alterations to the paint of a sixteenth century portrait that had been identified as a
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revealed the structure and details of the large altarpiece's painting scheme. The complete radiography of the
682:
Dambrogio, Jana; Ghassaei, Amanda; Staraza Smith, Daniel; Jackson, Holly; Demaine, Martin L. (2 March 2021).
266:. After a conservation treatment, which removed the added paint, the subject of the portrait was found to be
231:. The X-rays and other technical information that was gathered were used to prepare conservation treatments.
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Art Conservation at the University of Delaware (2014). X-ray fluorescence. Retrieved from artcons.udel.edu
684:"Unlocking history through automated virtual unfolding of sealed documents imaged by X-ray microtomography"
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Closer to Van Eyck: Rediscovering the Ghent Altarpiece (2011). Retrieved from closertovaneyck.kikirpa.be
578:
571:
469:
908:"Art Conservation at the University of Delaware (2014). X-radiography. Retrieved from artcons.udel.edu"
1199:
1108:
Kennedy, M. (2012). X-rays reveal secrets of Roman coins. The Guardian. Retrieved from theguardian.com
1074:
Glenn, S. (2013). Seeing the unseen. Victoria & Albert Conservation Blog. Retrieved from vam.ac.uk
848:
2396:
1724:
1669:
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1408:
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The Archimedes Palimpsest: A-ray fluorescence imaging (n.d.). Retrieved from archimedespalimpsest.org
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381:
77:
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Puisto, J. (2014). David revealed! Victoria & Albert Conservation Blog. Retrieved from vam.ac.uk
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of New York and Austria's Loetz glass to learn more about differences in the manufacturing process.
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Palmer, J. (2011). X-ray technique peers beneath archaeology’s surface. Retrieved from BBC news.
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Victoria & Albert Museum (n.d.). X-radiography of paintings. Retrieved from vam.ac.uk
497:
A mummy on display at the Louvre. X-rays provide a non-obtrusive way to research mummies.
178:, for example, will absorb more rays and appear much more opaque on an X-radiograph than
1096:
699:
2258:
2243:
2178:
2128:
1749:
1664:
1438:
1283:
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The British Museum (n.d.). X-ray diffraction analysis. Retrieved from britishmuseum.org
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Radiograph of the African Songye Power Figure at the Indianapolis Museum of Art
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was conducted between 2010 and 2011 as part of a project largely funded by the
2193:
2173:
1704:
1571:
1561:
1513:
1318:
1122:
Gleeson, M. (2015). Animal mummy X-rays. Retrieved from The Penn Artifact Lab.
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224:
175:
60:
52:
1147:"Radiographic Technique for Archaeological Human Dry Bones: a scoping review"
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2203:
1556:
943:
863:
The Art Institute of Chicago (n.d.). X-Radiography. Retrieved from artic.edu
239:
108:
43:
to understand intrinsic details about objects. Most commonly this involves
727:
654:
620:
896:
The National Gallery (n.d.). X-rays. Retrieved from nationalgallery.org.uk
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X-rays were among the imaging techniques used to uncover lost text on the
234:
The Sampling Officials of the Amsterdam Drapers' Guild, also known as the
2208:
2168:
2163:
1709:
1533:
1185:
Kennedy, M. (2012). X-rays reveal secrets of Roman coins. Retrieved from
549:
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436:
247:
99:
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Pigments through the Ages: X-rays. (n.d.) Retrieved from webexhibits.org
501:
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have also been used by archaeologists to study a variety of artifacts.
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Hidden design and structure details were visible on X-rays of pairs of
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84:
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1488:
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X-rays have been employed to analyze what is under the wrappings of
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reveals Rembrandt's earlier compositions for the group portrait.
1288:
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1211:
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pieces have been X-rayed to reveal more about their structure.
80:
as they assess object condition and consider treatment plans.
416:. In particular, they are investigating differences between
319:
Radiography of sculpture and other three dimensional objects
1304:
Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property
143:, where it was stored by the Nazis after it was taken from
1309:
Conservation and restoration of movable cultural property
563:
X-ray technology was used to quickly identify individual
270:. The painting was also attributed to Alessandro Allori.
1695:
Digital repository audit method based on risk assessment
408:
have used X-rays to learn more about the manufacture of
2343:
Conservation-restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes
762:(2014). X-radiography. Retrieved from artcons.udel.edu
522:
have utilized X-rays to see what is beneath layers of
2292:
2105:
1834:
1778:
1645:
1547:
1249:
468:Golden Jubilee Quilt from 1810 revealed concealed
2402:Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage
2348:Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty
1484:Mold control and prevention (library and archive)
1299:Conservation and restoration of cultural property
2371:Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies
2361:Conservation response to flood of Arno, Florence
2325:Conservation-restoration of Leonardo da Vinci's
2366:Modern and Contemporary Art Research Initiative
2338:Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin
2302:Conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum
1459:Integrated pest management (cultural property)
435:X-rays can reveal information about layers of
423:In the X-rays of a wooden power figure at the
238:or more simply as the Syndics, was painted by
1223:
8:
160:and previous markings on painted canvases.
1867:Books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera
1230:
1216:
1208:
1414:Disaster preparedness (cultural property)
1158:
1012:International Centre for Diffraction Data
717:
707:
296:According to X-rays taken of Twilight by
199:by Rembrandt is in the collection of the
1314:Conservation science (cultural property)
315:prepared the wooden panel for painting.
590:
352:that are not visible to the naked eye.
334:X-rays can provide a better picture of
1117:
1115:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
7:
944:"Late Rembrandt - The Syndics, 1662"
858:
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826:
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774:
772:
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768:
83:For three dimensional objects, the
1499:Preservation (library and archive)
25:
196:The Syndics of the Drapers' Guild
2353:Conservation-restoration of the
2229:Indigenous intellectual property
391:Museum of Applied Arts in Vienna
147:. It was later recovered by the
37:radiography of cultural property
1464:Inventory (library and archive)
1364:Cultural property documentation
166:are produced with a variety of
18:Radiography of cultural objects
2407:Cultural heritage conservation
1862:Bone, horn, and antler objects
1404:Digital photograph restoration
455:An X-ray of foot inside a shoe
1:
2047:South Asian household shrines
1745:Reconstruction (architecture)
1675:Cultural property radiography
1632:Registrar (cultural property)
1384:Cultural resources management
1344:Collections management system
485:in the V&A's collection.
236:Syndics of the Drapers' Guild
217:Saint Bavo Cathedral in Ghent
121:Museum Conservation Institute
2316:Conservation-restoration of
2307:Conservation-restoration of
1680:Detachment of wall paintings
1454:Intangible cultural heritage
1369:Cultural property exhibition
1354:Cultural heritage management
556:, which damaged much of the
439:and stitching patterns. For
290:Victoria & Albert Museum
113:Victoria & Albert Museum
1760:Transfer of panel paintings
406:New York Historical Society
395:Research Centre Seibersdorf
298:Jean Baptiste Camille Corot
115:in London, England and the
63:show well in radiographs.
2423:
2224:Heritage language learning
1494:Optical media preservation
1134:heritagesciencejournal.com
1086:heritagesciencejournal.com
1032:Indianapolis Museum of Art
1024:"The Songye X-ray Project"
709:10.1038/s41467-021-21326-w
489:Radiography in archaeology
472:patterns and fabric dyes.
425:Indianapolis Museum of Art
145:St Bavo's Cathedral, Ghent
2264:Oral history preservation
1379:Cultural property storage
1374:Cultural property imaging
520:Underwater archaeologists
2311:by ElĂas GarcĂa MartĂnez
1529:Sustainable preservation
312:Art Institute of Chicago
127:Radiography of paintings
85:computed tomography (CT)
2269:Preservation of meaning
2254:Language revitalization
1922:Illuminated manuscripts
1700:Historic paint analysis
1592:Conservation technician
1394:Deaccessioning (museum)
1334:Collections maintenance
1259:Agents of deterioration
431:Radiography of textiles
356:and other objects with
288:'s The Wood Sawyers at
67:X-ray spectromicroscopy
47:of paintings to reveal
2279:Tradition preservation
1932:Iron and steel objects
1821:Outdoor bronze objects
1765:UVC-based preservation
1622:Photograph conservator
1587:Conservation scientist
1339:Collections management
1269:Archaeological science
760:University of Delaware
560:, some beyond repair.
506:
498:
456:
373:
331:
282:
256:Carnegie Museum of Art
204:
152:
32:
2284:Traditional knowledge
2249:Language preservation
1857:Ancient Greek pottery
1755:Textile stabilization
1617:Paintings conservator
1504:Preservation metadata
1389:Database preservation
1243:historic preservation
688:Nature Communications
579:Antikythera mechanism
577:The heavily corroded
572:Archimedes Palimpsest
504:
496:
454:
371:
326:
276:
193:
134:
119:, which operates the
89:sealed correspondence
30:
2072:Time-based media art
1882:Copper-based objects
1796:Archaeological sites
1725:Mass deacidification
1670:Cradling (paintings)
1582:Conservator-restorer
1409:Digital preservation
1151:Internet Archaeology
1145:Elliott, J. (2022).
635:Analytical Chemistry
601:Analytical Chemistry
376:The plaster cast of
286:Jean-François Millet
2376:World Heritage Site
2239:Indigenous language
2139:Endangered language
2037:Shipwreck artifacts
2017:Photographic plates
1967:Musical instruments
1720:Lining of paintings
1637:Textile conservator
1612:Objects conservator
1602:Exhibition designer
1509:Preservation survey
1434:Found in collection
1324:Collection (museum)
1294:Calendar (archives)
1264:Archival processing
1010:Retrieved from the
968:carnegiemuseums.org
700:2021NatCo..12.1184D
268:Isabella de' Medici
95:Use and precautions
2234:Indigenous culture
1577:Collection manager
1474:Media preservation
1469:Inventory (museum)
1329:Collection catalog
1006:2016-03-04 at the
948:KPN Late Rembrandt
754:2016-04-27 at the
548:that survived the
546:Herculaneum papyri
507:
499:
457:
374:
332:
283:
205:
153:
33:
2384:
2383:
2333:Pompeian frescoes
2219:Heritage language
2109:cultural heritage
1897:Flags and banners
1842:cultural property
1806:Heritage railways
1786:cultural property
1735:Paleo-inspiration
1419:Film preservation
1359:Cultural property
1349:Cultural heritage
1239:Cultural heritage
647:10.1021/ac1025122
613:10.1021/ac102424h
304:The Old Guitarist
252:Eleanor of Toledo
104:ultraviolet light
16:(Redirected from
2414:
2320:by Thomas Eakins
2318:The Gross Clinic
2214:Folklore studies
2124:Applied folklore
2097:Wooden furniture
2092:Wooden artifacts
2087:Woodblock prints
2067:Tibetan thangkas
1927:Insect specimens
1816:Outdoor artworks
1811:Historic gardens
1444:Heritage science
1232:
1225:
1218:
1209:
1202:
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1176:
1171:
1165:
1164:
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1160:10.11141/ia.59.1
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919:
910:. Archived from
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876:
871:
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835:
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805:. Archived from
804:
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783:
778:
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749:Art Conservation
746:
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739:
721:
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679:
673:
672:
670:
669:
663:
657:. Archived from
641:(4): 1224–1231.
632:
624:
607:(4): 1214–1223.
595:
403:
277:An X-ray of the
209:Ghent Altarpiece
207:An X-ray of the
137:Ghent Altarpiece
21:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2327:The Last Supper
2294:
2288:
2274:Primitive music
2184:Folk instrument
2159:Family folklore
2149:Ethnomusicology
2144:Ethnochoreology
2111:
2108:
2101:
2022:Plastic objects
2007:Performance art
1992:Panel paintings
1987:Painting frames
1952:Leather objects
1872:Ceramic objects
1844:
1841:
1839:
1838:and restoration
1837:
1830:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1782:and restoration
1781:
1774:
1740:Paper splitting
1655:Aging (artwork)
1647:
1641:
1627:Preservationist
1549:
1543:
1399:Digital library
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2259:Living history
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2244:Language death
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2179:Folk etymology
2176:
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2156:
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2146:
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2129:Dance notation
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2044:
2042:Silver objects
2039:
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2019:
2014:
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1999:
1994:
1989:
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1826:Outdoor murals
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1750:Rissverklebung
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1712:
1707:
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1697:
1692:
1687:
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1677:
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1665:Arrested decay
1662:
1657:
1651:
1649:
1648:and techniques
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1439:Heritage asset
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1284:Bioarchaeology
1281:
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1034:. Spring 2010.
1015:
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531:
530:Implementation
528:
490:
487:
464:X-rays of the
461:
460:Implementation
458:
432:
429:
378:Michelangelo's
365:
364:Implementation
362:
350:inherent vices
320:
317:
187:
186:Implementation
184:
141:Altaussee Mine
128:
125:
96:
93:
39:is the use of
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2215:
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2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2189:Folk medicine
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
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2167:
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2119:Ancient music
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2053:
2052:Stained glass
2050:
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2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2032:Road vehicles
2030:
2028:
2027:Rail vehicles
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
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1977:New media art
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
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1958:
1955:
1953:
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1948:
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1943:
1940:
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1937:Ivory objects
1935:
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1930:
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1923:
1920:
1918:
1917:Human remains
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1907:Glass objects
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1784:of immovable
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1685:Desmet method
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1550:and expertise
1546:
1540:
1539:Web archiving
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1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1449:Inherent vice
1447:
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914:on 2016-04-27
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812:on 2016-03-04
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418:Tiffany glass
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392:
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363:
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346:
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336:plaster casts
330:
329:Tiffany glass
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308:Pablo Picasso
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214:
211:, painted by
210:
203:in Amsterdam.
202:
198:
197:
192:
185:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
159:
158:underdrawings
150:
149:Monuments Men
146:
142:
138:
133:
126:
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118:
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110:
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94:
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68:
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58:
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50:
46:
42:
38:
29:
19:
2354:
2326:
2317:
2308:
2199:Folk process
2154:Ethnopoetics
2112:preservation
1972:Neon objects
1845:by item type
1836:Conservation
1789:by item type
1780:Conservation
1730:Overpainting
1690:Display case
1674:
1519:Repatriation
1195:
1187:The Guardian
1186:
1180:
1169:
1150:
1140:
1128:
1103:
1092:
1080:
1069:
1058:
1028:IMA Magazine
1027:
1018:
996:
985:
974:
962:
951:. Retrieved
947:
938:
927:
916:. Retrieved
912:the original
902:
891:
880:
869:
814:. Retrieved
807:the original
744:
691:
687:
677:
666:. Retrieved
659:the original
638:
634:
604:
600:
593:
576:
569:
562:
543:
536:
533:
512:inscriptions
508:
480:
477:
474:
463:
434:
422:
388:
380:
375:
333:
302:
295:
284:
264:Pennsylvania
250:portrait of
245:
233:
213:Jan van Eyck
206:
194:
180:carbon black
172:fluorescence
162:
154:
98:
82:
78:conservators
75:
65:
49:underdrawing
36:
34:
2397:Radiography
2355:H.L. Hunley
2134:Early music
2082:Vinyl discs
2077:Totem poles
2012:Photographs
1957:Lighthouses
1947:Lacquerware
1902:Fur objects
1840:of movable
1770:VisualAudio
1715:Leafcasting
1660:Anastylosis
1607:Mount maker
1567:Art handler
1424:Finding aid
1274:Archaeology
694:(1): 1184.
524:concretions
410:art nouveau
398: [
201:Rijksmuseum
117:Smithsonian
41:radiography
2391:Categories
2194:Folk music
2174:Folk dance
2107:Intangible
1705:Inpainting
1572:Auctioneer
1562:Art dealer
1514:Provenance
1319:Collecting
1252:and issues
953:2015-12-04
918:2015-11-22
816:2015-11-22
668:2020-11-21
599:Samples".
585:References
404:, and the
327:Detail of
260:Pittsburgh
225:altarpiece
176:Lead white
61:lead white
53:pentimenti
2309:Ecce Homo
2204:Folk play
2057:Taxidermy
2002:Parchment
1982:Paintings
1557:Archivist
736:232102719
470:stitching
240:Rembrandt
109:radiation
2295:projects
2209:Foodways
2169:Folk art
2164:Folklore
2062:Textiles
1912:Herbaria
1887:Feathers
1852:Aircraft
1710:Kintsugi
1534:Treasure
1004:Archived
752:Archived
728:33654094
655:21314202
621:21314201
550:Vesuvius
516:CT scans
437:textiles
248:Bronzino
168:elements
100:Infrared
71:van Gogh
59:such as
57:pigments
2293:Notable
1997:Papyrus
1942:Judaica
1801:Frescos
1646:Methods
1597:Curator
1279:Archive
758:at the
719:7925573
696:Bibcode
558:scrolls
554:papyrus
539:mummies
354:Jewelry
345:ceramic
310:at the
279:Syndics
254:at the
221:Belgium
139:at the
91:.
1962:Metals
1877:Clocks
1489:Museum
1479:Midden
1250:Topics
1153:(59).
734:
726:
716:
653:
619:
441:quilts
412:style
393:, the
358:inlaid
164:Paints
45:X-rays
1548:Roles
1524:Ruins
1429:Fonds
810:(PDF)
803:(PDF)
732:S2CID
662:(PDF)
631:(PDF)
565:coins
483:shoes
414:glass
402:]
382:David
341:glass
215:, in
1892:Film
1289:Book
1241:and
724:PMID
651:PMID
617:PMID
544:The
445:dyes
389:The
343:and
135:The
102:and
73:.
35:The
1155:doi
714:PMC
704:doi
643:doi
609:doi
306:by
258:in
2393::
1149:.
1114:^
1040:^
1030:.
1026:.
946:.
855:^
839:^
825:^
787:^
767:^
730:.
722:.
712:.
702:.
692:12
690:.
686:.
649:.
639:83
637:.
633:.
615:.
605:83
603:.
526:.
400:de
262:,
219:,
174:.
123:.
51:,
1231:e
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1189:.
1163:.
1157::
956:.
921:.
819:.
738:.
706::
698::
671:.
645::
623:.
611::
151:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
