186:. See А.В. Назаренко. Древняя Русь на международных путях: Междисциплинарные очерки культурных, торговых, политических связей IX-XII веков. Moscow, 2001. Pages 71-112.
130:
195:
The authors of the regulations proclaim that they did not institute new norms, but restored those regulations that were in force during the reigns of
109:
notes that the document, being the first legal act to regulate the trade of the Rus', capped off a long tradition of trade between
Germany and
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333:
348:
308:
99:", a currency otherwise not attested in Carolingian Europe. It appears that both the name and weight of the "skoti" were borrowed from
303:
80:
merchants sold wax, slaves, and horses to German merchants. Salt, weapons, and ornaments were sought by slave trading adventurers.
328:
343:
298:
277:
Daniel G. König, 903–906: The
Raffelstetten Customs Regulation and the Export of Slavic Slaves to the Islamic Sphere. In:
35:
313:
323:
31:
72:
of the 9th and 10th centuries. The document makes it clear that
Raffelstetten was a place where German
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114:
65:
promulgated a regulation of toll-bars on his domains, after an inquiry dated between 903 and 906.
250:
106:
26:, literally: "Inquisition on the Raffelstetten Tolls"), is the only legal document regulating
166:
96:
196:
92:
62:
100:
69:
54:
260:, 3e éd. 1990, Paris, PUF, 1971, pp. 257–8 and p. 289 (coll. Nouvelle Clio).
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88:
240:
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The only copy of the document, dated to the 1250s, was preserved in a church at
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200:
122:
110:
77:
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165:(literally, "the march of the Ruzari", i.e., of the Rus). It is recorded in
282:
225:
274:, II, ed. by A. Boretius, Hanovre, 1890, pp. 250–2 (available on-line).
129:, as it is labeled in the text) was as important in the period as that
83:
Perhaps the most striking feature of the regulations is the absence of
73:
58:
27:
16:
Latin-language medieval document about trade between
Germans and Slavs.
221:
183:
149:
46:
253:. Древняя торговля Киева с Регенсбургом // ЖМНП, 1888, июль, с. 129.
212:
Nazarenko argues that the Rus' merchants arrived to
Austria via the
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118:
50:
68:
The customs regulations are priceless for documenting trade in
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and their Slavic counterparts exchanged goods. The Czech and
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258:
Le Haut Moyen Âge occidental : économies et sociétés
38:(ed. A. Boretius and V. Krause, MGH Capit. 2, no. 253).
182:*skattr; the whole monetary system is based on African
41:The document takes its name from Raffelstetten, a
91:, the only coin officially recognized in the
8:
178:The East Slavic word "skotъ" derives from
283:https://doi.org/10.18148/tmh/2022.4.1.54
247:(1973) pp. 131–2 of English edition
245:The Early Growth of the European Economy
24:Inquisitio de theloneis Raffelstettensis
141:
117:suggests that the trade route between
7:
131:between Novgorod and Constantinople
49:, a few kilometers downstream from
95:. Instead, the document mentions "
14:
20:Raffelstetten Customs Regulations
34:. The inquiry was edited in the
133:would be in the tenth century.
61:). There, the Carolingian king
53:(it is now part of the town of
1:
36:Monumenta Germaniae Historica
339:Carolingian Latin literature
169:'s charter from 16 June 862.
334:Economic history of Austria
272:Capitularia regum Francorum
365:
279:Transmediterranean History
304:Legal history of Germany
228:, as became usual later.
329:Medieval texts in Latin
349:Economy of Kievan Rus'
309:Society of Kievan Rus'
32:Early Medieval Europe
344:Prose texts in Latin
299:Germanic legal codes
115:Alexander Nazarenko
314:Linz-Land District
251:Vasily Vasilievsky
220:, rather than via
107:Vasily Vasilievsky
356:
324:Customs services
256:Renée Doehaerd,
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167:Louis the German
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63:Louis the Child
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70:Eastern Europe
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281:4.1 (2022).
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163:Ruzaramarcha
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45:-bar on the
40:
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19:
18:
241:George Duby
214:Carpathians
85:Charlemagne
293:Categories
123:Regensburg
111:Kievan Rus
180:Old Norse
201:Carloman
89:denarius
22:(Latin:
235:Sources
101:the Rus
59:Austria
28:customs
226:Kraków
222:Prague
184:dirham
150:Passau
47:Danube
268:Leges
137:Notes
97:skoti
55:Asten
319:900s
224:and
218:Kiev
216:and
199:and
121:and
119:Kiev
51:Linz
43:toll
264:MGH
87:'s
78:Rus
57:in
30:in
295::
270:,
266:,
243:,
113:.
103:.
285:.
203:.
152:.
125:(
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