499:
was initially intended as a derogatory nickname, there are
Twelver traditions, attributed to Shia imams, that reinterpret this term favorably. In one such tradition, Rafida are identified as a small group among the people of
426:
became a popular pejorative for
Twelvers. For Sunnis, the term signified the rejection of the first three caliphs, whom Twelvers count among infidels for allegedly usurping Ali ibn Abi Talib's right to succeed Muhammad. For
265:
polemics as a deragotary nickname for
Twelvers, who have, in turn, reinterpreted this term favorably to signify 'rejection' of all tyranny and their struggle against perceived Sunni oppression. Less commonly, the term
370:
has been reinterpreted in
Twelver sources as an honorific title. In the contemporary era, some Shias in Iraq and Lebanon view the term as a source of pride, symbolizing revolt against tyranny.
541:
and the most qualified to succeed him, he also regarded the caliphates of Abu Bakr and Umar as permissible. The preponderance of Shias who rejected Zayd's stance and refused to support the
1080:
129:, who constitute the overwhelming majority of the Shia community. In turn, Twelvers have reinterpreted this nickname favorably to signify their rejection of perceived Sunni oppression.
361:, where Wahhabism is present, schoolbooks referred to Shias as the Rafida until 1993. They were still openly denounced in Saudi schoolbooks and state-sponsored media as late as 2000s.
407:
Shias, after the former refused to denounce the first two caliphs. They thus 'rejected' Zayd and became known as the Rafida. Zayd's rebellion was subsequently suppressed by the
855:
1602:
1585:
1631:
537:
refers to those Kufans who deserted Zayd because he did not condemn the first two caliphs. Even though Zayd likely viewed Ali as the best amongst the
456:
also appears in some Sunni traditions of dubious authenticity. In one such tradition, Muhammad predicts the emergence of a group that would reject (
240:, who constitute the vast majority of Shias. Twelvers believe that, shortly before he died, Muhammad publicly designated his cousin and son-in-law,
466:. In another one, he orders Ali ibn Abi Talib to kill the Rafida for they are polytheists. Elsewhere, the Rafida, who are allegedly similar to
364:
Once Shias realized that they could not rid themselves of the pejorative nickname, they sought to turn it to their advantage. Thus, the term
450:
became a popular pejorative nickname for
Imamites which, for Sunnis, signified the Imamites' rejection of the first three caliphs. The term
346:
have justified their acts of violence against the Shia community. A popular reference for these groups is the prominent
Hanbali theologian
581:
551:. Over time, this term became a popular pejorative nickname for Imamites which, for Zaydis, signified the Imamites' rejection of Zayd.
504:
who rejected his rule, undaunted by his threats of punishment. This tradition is a reference to verses 7:120–126 and 20:70–75 of the
2236:
2246:
1558:
1535:
1449:
1425:
1356:
1235:
1216:
1164:
1138:
1115:
1091:
1065:
1500:
Steinberg, G. (2014). "Jihadi-Salafism and the Shi'is: Remarks About the
Intellectual Roots of Anti-Shi'ism". In Meijer, R. (ed.).
561:
318:
scholars, who did not grant
Islamic rights to Shia Muslims: They were not to be married with, meat slaughtered by them was not
1375:
1343:
1261:
863:
1624:
248:. In their view, early caliphs thus usurped Ali's right to succeed Muhammad. They also believe that Ali was succeeded by
2241:
1502:
1830:
623:
357:), a staunch anti-Shia who also accused the Shia of conspiring with nonbelievers to destroy Islam from within. In
1835:
538:
566:
2251:
1617:
1039:
1250:
1127:
1640:
1550:
1487:
571:
542:
417:
historically signified the rejection of the first three caliphs by
Imamites, the forerunners of Twelvers.
36:
1245:
326:
in 1258, such attacks on Shi'ism intensified. They are labeled today as infidels or heretics by various
1594:
1760:
1577:
2231:
586:
48:
1474:
1401:
1329:
1294:
1195:
1103:
179:
58:
1554:
1531:
1445:
1421:
1371:
1352:
1321:
1257:
1231:
1212:
1160:
1153:
1134:
1111:
1087:
1061:
408:
343:
241:
220:
106:
95:
2032:
1790:
1770:
1385:
1286:
1187:
1053:
471:
2078:
1923:
1747:
27:
1347:. In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.).
431:, who follow Zayd's teachings, the term denoted the rejection of Zayd by early Imamites.
1755:
1075:
2225:
2006:
1902:
1148:
1044:
1057:
1413:
1209:
The
Origins of the Shī'a: Identity, Ritual, and Sacred Space in Eighth-Century Kūfa
390:
358:
347:
335:
249:
245:
126:
1489:
We are Saving Iraq: The Legitimising Discourse of The Popular Mobilisation in Iraq
314:
By eleventh century, the Shia status as "rejectors of the Truth" was canonized by
1439:
2197:
2060:
1813:
1800:
1727:
342:, and there are frequent calls for their extermination. On these grounds, some
2128:
2042:
1732:
1707:
1682:
400:
389:
is uncertain. Perhaps the term is linked with the desertion of the Shia rebel
227:
175:
54:
1325:
2068:
2014:
1983:
1928:
1435:
2157:
1392:
Islamic Legal Orthodoxy: Twelver Shiite Responses to the Sunni Legal System
1048:. In Fleet, K.; Krämer, G.; Matringe, D.; Nawas, J.; Stewart, D.J. (eds.).
631:
411:
and he was killed. Rather than the rejection of Zayd, more likely the term
1780:
1697:
1677:
1672:
1649:
1547:
Living Islamic History: Studies in Honour of Professor Carole Hillenbrand
323:
237:
223:
183:
109:
62:
1298:
306:), who ascribed divinity to Shia imams and were excommunicated by them.
16:
Shia sects which reject the legitimacy of the first three Muslim Caliphs
2178:
2139:
2123:
2086:
1996:
1944:
1846:
1692:
1478:
1461:
501:
428:
339:
331:
315:
1405:
1389:
1333:
1308:
1199:
2183:
2162:
2152:
2091:
2024:
1991:
1973:
1958:
1869:
1840:
1827:
1808:
1775:
1765:
1722:
1665:
1660:
1290:
576:
515:
327:
275:
216:
205:
84:
1273:
1191:
2210:
2147:
2118:
1861:
1737:
1687:
1609:
505:
463:
319:
262:
122:
1176:"The Heterodoxies of the Shiites in the Presentation of Ibn Ḥazm"
1175:
322:(permissible), and they could not lead prayers. With the fall of
2205:
1897:
1892:
1785:
467:
404:
194:
73:
1613:
923:
921:
1907:
1368:
Early Shī'ī Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muḥammad al-Bāqir
753:
751:
738:
736:
1108:
The Charismatic Community: Shi'ite Identity in Early Islam
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
856:"The 'Conscious Uncoupling' of Wahhabism and Saudi Arabia"
606:
604:
602:
470:, are blamed for introducing into Islam the concept of
1129:
Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
641:
670:
668:
666:
1513:
Yamani, M. (2008). "The two faces of Saudi Arabia".
723:
721:
719:
546:
532:
522:
509:
494:
484:
475:
457:
451:
445:
435:
421:
412:
384:
365:
273:
267:
256:
231:
169:
144:
138:
116:
41:
20:
2196:
2171:
2137:
2111:
2104:
2077:
2059:
2041:
2023:
2005:
1982:
1966:
1957:
1937:
1916:
1885:
1878:
1860:
1822:
1799:
1746:
1715:
1706:
1648:
334:scholars, considered a bigger threat to Islam than
1501:
1460:
1342:
1307:
1272:
1249:
1152:
1126:
1079:
1043:
272:has been applied to other Shia sects, such as the
1545:al-Abdul Jader, A.S. (2010). Suleiman, Y. (ed.).
508:. According to some Twelver traditions, the term
1504:Global Salafism: Islam's New Religious Movement
927:
480:), which is allegedly a hallmark of Judaism.
1625:
8:
1252:Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam
974:
698:
545:were described by Zayd's supporters as the
281:
150:
2108:
1963:
1882:
1712:
1632:
1618:
1610:
255:Rooted in early Islamic history, the term
1462:"Saudi Arabia: The Politics of Education"
817:
805:
781:
757:
1398:Journal of the American Oriental Society
1314:Journal of the American Oriental Society
1309:"The Term 'Rāfida' in Imāmī Shī'ī Usage"
1180:Journal of the American Oriental Society
950:
900:
657:
610:
912:
829:
598:
444:Early in the Islamic history, the term
1110:. State University of New York Press.
1022:
998:
986:
962:
876:
793:
742:
686:
125:polemics as a deragotary nickname for
1010:
888:
841:
769:
710:
674:
166:
53:'rejectors') refers to those
7:
727:
105:), the cousin and son-in-law of the
854:Hassan, Hassan (22 February 2022).
582:Words to denote religious opponents
178:who 'reject' the legitimacy of the
57:who 'reject' the legitimacy of the
31:
14:
1274:"The Iraq Effect in Saudi Arabia"
539:companions of the Islamic prophet
1605:from the original on 2014-03-16.
1595:"The Vocabulary of Sectarianism"
1588:from the original on 2013-08-11.
531:In some Zaydi sources, the term
1593:Zelin, A.Y.; Smyth, P. (2014).
1058:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27419
562:Criticism of Twelver Shia Islam
210:
199:
188:
100:
89:
78:
67:
1530:. Cambridge University Press.
1418:An Introduction to Shi'i Islam
1211:. Cambridge University Press.
1155:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
1:
1850:(United Society of Believers)
1578:"The Language of Anti-Shiism"
1495:(Thesis). University of Oslo.
1528:Shi'i Islam: An Introduction
395:
352:
215:). One after another, these
1831:Great and abominable church
1159:. Oxford University Press.
1133:. Oxford University Press.
547:
533:
523:
510:
495:
485:
476:
458:
452:
446:
436:
422:
413:
385:
366:
274:
268:
257:
232:
170:
145:
139:
117:
42:
21:
2268:
1228:The Shi'is of Saudi Arabia
244:, as his successor at the
230:. In particular, the term
1420:. Yale University Press.
1174:Friedlaender, I. (1907).
1125:Delong-Bas, N.J. (2004).
250:eleven of his descendants
2247:Arabic words and phrases
1549:(illustrated ed.).
1082:A History of Shi'i Islam
115:In particular, the term
1551:Oxford University Press
628:Encyclopædia Britannica
1349:Encyclopaedia of Islam
1050:Encyclopaedia of Islam
572:Succession to Muhammad
1467:International Affairs
1366:Lalani, A.R. (2000).
1341:Kohlberg, E. (2012).
1306:Kohlberg, E. (1979).
514:appeared also in the
493:Even though the term
344:Sunni Jihadist groups
226:after he died in 632
2237:Shia–Sunni relations
1844:(Society of Friends)
1226:Ibrahim, F. (2006).
866:on 22 February 2022.
567:Shia–Sunni relations
489:in Twelver tradition
420:Over time, the term
383:Origins of the term
2242:Islam-related slurs
1576:Haddad, F. (2013).
1526:Haider, N. (2014).
1486:Shorok, K. (2017).
1459:Prokop, M. (2003).
1351:(Second ed.).
1207:Haider, N. (2011).
989:, pp. 196–197.
928:al-Abdul Jader 2010
745:, pp. 151–152.
587:Al-Azhar Shia Fatwa
1508:. Oxford Academic.
1400:. 120/1: 111–114.
1394:, by D.J. Stewart"
1279:Middle East Report
1271:Jones, T. (2005).
1052:(Third ed.).
860:New Lines Magazine
527:in Zaydi tradition
440:in Sunni tradition
174:) refers to those
2219:
2218:
2192:
2191:
2100:
2099:
1953:
1952:
1856:
1855:
1553:. pp. 1–13.
1040:Amir-Moezzi, M.A.
975:Friedlaender 1907
891:, pp. 23–24.
832:, pp. 21–22.
796:, pp. 14–15.
713:, pp. 67–68.
634:on 27 March 2023.
242:Ali ibn Abi Talib
96:Ali ibn Abi Talib
52:
40:
2259:
2109:
2033:Grave worshipper
1964:
1883:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1836:Latter-Day Saint
1791:Whore of Babylon
1771:Mackerel snapper
1713:
1669:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1611:
1606:
1589:
1564:
1541:
1522:
1509:
1507:
1496:
1494:
1482:
1464:
1455:
1431:
1409:
1381:
1362:
1346:
1337:
1311:
1302:
1291:10.2307/30042471
1276:
1267:
1255:
1241:
1222:
1203:
1170:
1158:
1144:
1132:
1121:
1097:
1085:
1071:
1047:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
984:
978:
972:
966:
960:
954:
948:
931:
925:
916:
910:
904:
898:
892:
886:
880:
874:
868:
867:
862:. Archived from
851:
845:
839:
833:
827:
821:
815:
809:
803:
797:
791:
785:
779:
773:
767:
761:
755:
746:
740:
731:
725:
714:
708:
702:
699:Amir-Moezzi 2014
696:
690:
684:
678:
672:
661:
655:
636:
635:
630:. Archived from
620:
614:
608:
550:
536:
526:
513:
498:
488:
479:
472:anthropomorphism
461:
455:
449:
439:
425:
416:
399:
397:
388:
369:
356:
354:
305:
302:
299:
295:
292:
289:
286:
283:
279:
271:
260:
235:
214:
212:
203:
201:
192:
190:
173:
168:
164:
161:
158:
155:
152:
148:
142:
120:
104:
102:
93:
91:
82:
80:
71:
69:
47:
45:
35:
33:
24:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2188:
2167:
2133:
2096:
2073:
2055:
2037:
2019:
2001:
1978:
1949:
1933:
1924:Self-hating Jew
1912:
1874:
1852:
1849:
1843:
1833:
1818:
1795:
1742:
1702:
1663:
1644:
1638:
1592:
1575:
1572:
1567:
1561:
1544:
1538:
1525:
1512:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1458:
1452:
1444:. W.W. Norton.
1434:
1428:
1412:
1384:
1378:
1370:. I.B. Tauris.
1365:
1359:
1340:
1305:
1270:
1264:
1244:
1238:
1225:
1219:
1206:
1173:
1167:
1147:
1141:
1124:
1118:
1102:
1094:
1086:. I.B. Tauris.
1074:
1068:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1021:
1017:
1009:
1005:
997:
993:
985:
981:
973:
969:
961:
957:
949:
934:
926:
919:
911:
907:
899:
895:
887:
883:
875:
871:
853:
852:
848:
840:
836:
828:
824:
816:
812:
804:
800:
792:
788:
780:
776:
768:
764:
756:
749:
741:
734:
726:
717:
709:
705:
697:
693:
685:
681:
673:
664:
656:
639:
622:
621:
617:
609:
600:
596:
591:
557:
529:
491:
442:
394:
381:
376:
351:
312:
303:
300:
297:
293:
290:
287:
284:
221:Islamic prophet
209:
198:
187:
162:
159:
156:
153:
135:
107:Islamic prophet
99:
94:), in favor of
88:
77:
66:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2265:
2263:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2224:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2202:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2144:
2142:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2115:
2113:
2106:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2065:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2047:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2029:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1889:
1887:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1866:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1805:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1756:Creeping Jesus
1752:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1717:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1658:
1654:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1599:Foreign Policy
1590:
1582:Foreign Policy
1571:
1570:External links
1568:
1566:
1565:
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1320:(4): 677–679.
1303:
1285:(237): 20–25.
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1192:10.2307/592759
1171:
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1149:Esposito, J.L.
1145:
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1045:"Ghadīr Khumm"
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1015:
1013:, p. 252.
1003:
991:
979:
967:
965:, p. 107.
955:
953:, p. 677.
932:
917:
915:, p. 146.
905:
903:, p. 678.
893:
881:
869:
846:
834:
822:
820:, p. 111.
818:Steinberg 2014
810:
806:Steinberg 2014
798:
786:
784:, p. 114.
782:Steinberg 2014
774:
762:
760:, p. 113.
758:Steinberg 2014
747:
732:
715:
703:
691:
679:
662:
637:
615:
613:, p. 262.
597:
595:
592:
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558:
556:
553:
528:
520:
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380:
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236:is applied to
219:succeeded the
213: 644–656
202: 634–644
191: 632–634
134:
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103: 656–661
92: 644–656
81: 634–644
70: 632–634
15:
13:
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9:
6:
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3:
2:
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2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
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2227:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
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2185:
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2174:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2159:
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2130:
2127:
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2120:
2117:
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2110:
2107:
2105:Non-believers
2103:
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1573:
1569:
1562:
1560:9780748642199
1556:
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1537:9781107031432
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1451:9780393066401
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1427:9780300035315
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1358:9789004161214
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1259:
1254:
1253:
1247:
1246:Jafri, S.H.M.
1243:
1239:
1237:9780863569036
1233:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1218:9781107424951
1214:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1166:9780195125597
1162:
1157:
1156:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1140:9780195169911
1136:
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1123:
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1117:9780791470336
1113:
1109:
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1101:
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1093:9780857723338
1089:
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1073:
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1067:9789004269613
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1025:, p. 47.
1024:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1004:
1001:, p. 89.
1000:
995:
992:
988:
983:
980:
977:, p. 22.
976:
971:
968:
964:
959:
956:
952:
951:Kohlberg 1979
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
933:
930:, p. 11.
929:
924:
922:
918:
914:
909:
906:
902:
901:Kohlberg 1979
897:
894:
890:
885:
882:
879:, p. 81.
878:
873:
870:
865:
861:
857:
850:
847:
844:, p. 23.
843:
838:
835:
831:
826:
823:
819:
814:
811:
807:
802:
799:
795:
790:
787:
783:
778:
775:
772:, p. 21.
771:
766:
763:
759:
754:
752:
748:
744:
739:
737:
733:
729:
724:
722:
720:
716:
712:
707:
704:
700:
695:
692:
688:
683:
680:
677:, p. 73.
676:
671:
669:
667:
663:
659:
658:Kohlberg 2012
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
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638:
633:
629:
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619:
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612:
611:Esposito 2003
607:
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108:
97:
86:
75:
64:
60:
56:
50:
44:
38:
29:
25:
23:
2252:Anti-Shi'ism
2211:Majoos/Majus
2198:Zoroastrians
2050:
1598:
1581:
1546:
1527:
1518:
1514:
1503:
1488:
1473:(1): 77–89.
1470:
1466:
1441:Shia Revival
1440:
1417:
1397:
1391:
1386:Madelung, W.
1367:
1348:
1317:
1313:
1282:
1278:
1251:
1227:
1208:
1183:
1179:
1154:
1128:
1107:
1104:Dakake, M.M.
1081:
1049:
1018:
1006:
994:
982:
970:
958:
913:Daftary 2013
908:
896:
884:
872:
864:the original
859:
849:
837:
830:Ibrahim 2006
825:
813:
801:
789:
777:
765:
706:
694:
689:, p. 4.
682:
632:the original
627:
618:
530:
492:
443:
419:
391:Zayd ibn Ali
382:
363:
359:Saudi Arabia
348:Ibn Taymiyya
336:Christianity
313:
291:exaggerators
254:
246:Ghadir Khumm
176:Shia Muslims
136:
114:
55:Shia Muslims
19:
18:
1814:Holy Roller
1801:Protestants
1728:Jesus freak
1390:"Review of
1344:"al-Rāfiḍa"
1256:. Longman.
1076:Daftary, F.
1023:Lalani 2000
999:Haider 2014
987:Haider 2011
963:Dakake 2007
877:Prokop 2003
794:Shorok 2017
743:Yamani 2008
687:Haider 2014
355: 1328
261:appears in
121:appears in
2232:Shia Islam
2226:Categories
2172:Non-Jewish
2129:Jahiliyyah
1903:Żydokomuna
1733:Nicodemite
1708:Christians
1683:Jahiliyyah
1521:: 143–156.
1377:1850435928
1263:0582780802
1011:Jafri 1979
889:Jones 2005
842:Jones 2005
770:Jones 2005
711:Momen 1985
675:Momen 1985
543:his revolt
403:) by some
398: 740
301:extremists
180:caliphates
133:Definition
59:caliphates
2069:Bakriyyah
2015:Batiniyya
2007:Isma'ilis
1929:Misnagdim
1917:Reformers
1748:Catholics
1650:Buddhists
1641:Religious
1414:Momen, M.
1326:0003-0279
728:Nasr 2007
624:"Rāfiḍah"
594:Footnotes
459:yarfuduna
296: or
160:rejectors
137:The term
37:romanized
1781:Romanist
1678:Hinayana
1657:Butprast
1603:Archived
1586:Archived
1515:Survival
1438:(2007).
1436:Nasr, V.
1416:(1985).
1388:(2000).
1299:30042471
1248:(1979).
1230:. SAQI.
1186:: 1–80.
1151:(2003).
1106:(2007).
1078:(2013).
1042:(2014).
555:See also
409:Umayyads
324:Abbasids
238:Twelvers
224:Muhammad
184:Abu Bakr
127:Twelvers
110:Muhammad
63:Abu Bakr
2179:Shegetz
2140:Muslims
2124:Infidel
2112:General
2087:Takfiri
2079:Salafis
1997:Qadiani
1984:Ahmadis
1967:General
1959:Muslims
1945:Marrano
1938:Cryptos
1886:General
1847:Shakers
1716:General
1693:Infidel
1673:Heathen
1666:Muslims
1479:3095542
1032:Sources
502:Pharaoh
477:tashbih
379:Origins
374:History
340:Judaism
332:Wahhabi
316:Hanbali
310:Context
285:
217:caliphs
204:), and
154:
146:Rawafid
83:), and
51:
39::
2184:Shiksa
2163:Dhimmi
2158:Zindīq
2153:Giaour
2092:Wahabi
2061:Sunnis
2051:Rafida
1992:Mirzai
1974:Mullah
1870:Malaun
1862:Hindus
1841:Quaker
1828:Mormon
1809:Fundie
1776:Papist
1766:Fenian
1723:Giaour
1661:Dhimmi
1557:
1534:
1477:
1448:
1424:
1406:604901
1404:
1374:
1355:
1334:601453
1332:
1324:
1297:
1260:
1234:
1215:
1200:592759
1198:
1163:
1137:
1114:
1090:
1064:
577:Takfir
548:Rafida
534:Rafida
524:Rafida
516:Tawrat
511:Rafida
496:Rafida
486:Rafida
453:Rafida
447:Rafida
437:Rafida
429:Zaydis
423:Rafida
414:Rafida
386:Rafida
367:Rafida
328:Salafi
276:ghulat
269:Rafida
258:Rafida
233:Rafida
206:Uthman
171:Rafidi
140:Rafida
118:Rafida
85:Uthman
43:Rāfiḍa
28:Arabic
22:Rafida
2148:Kafir
2119:Pagan
2043:Shias
2025:Sufis
1823:Other
1761:Dogan
1738:Kafir
1698:Pagan
1688:Kafir
1664:(non-
1643:slurs
1493:(PDF)
1475:JSTOR
1402:JSTOR
1330:JSTOR
1295:JSTOR
1196:JSTOR
730:, §1.
506:Quran
464:Islam
405:Kufan
320:halal
263:Sunni
123:Sunni
32:رافضة
2206:Gabr
2138:Non-
1898:Zhyd
1893:Kike
1879:Jews
1786:Taig
1555:ISBN
1532:ISBN
1519:50/1
1471:79/1
1446:ISBN
1422:ISBN
1372:ISBN
1353:ISBN
1322:ISSN
1258:ISBN
1232:ISBN
1213:ISBN
1161:ISBN
1135:ISBN
1112:ISBN
1088:ISBN
1062:ISBN
468:Jews
338:and
330:and
282:lit.
195:Umar
151:lit.
143:(or
74:Umar
49:lit.
1908:Yid
1287:doi
1283:237
1188:doi
1054:doi
252:.
193:),
182:of
167:sg.
112:.
72:),
61:of
2228::
1601:.
1597:.
1584:.
1580:.
1517:.
1469:.
1465:.
1396:.
1328:.
1318:99
1316:.
1312:.
1293:.
1281:.
1277:.
1194:.
1184:28
1182:.
1178:.
1060:.
935:^
920:^
858:.
750:^
735:^
718:^
665:^
640:^
626:.
601:^
518:.
462:)
401:CE
396:d.
353:d.
228:CE
211:r.
200:r.
189:r.
165:,
149:,
101:r.
90:r.
79:r.
68:r.
46:,
34:,
30::
1838:)
1834:(
1668:)
1633:e
1626:t
1619:v
1563:.
1540:.
1481:.
1454:.
1430:.
1408:.
1380:.
1361:.
1336:.
1301:.
1289::
1266:.
1240:.
1221:.
1202:.
1190::
1169:.
1143:.
1120:.
1096:.
1070:.
1056::
808:.
701:.
660:.
474:(
393:(
350:(
304:'
298:'
294:'
288:'
280:(
208:(
197:(
186:(
163:'
157:'
98:(
87:(
76:(
65:(
26:(
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