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495:, which covered rubber boots of all kinds including wellingtons and overboots. This 107-page official publication addressed contemporary concerns about unfair pricing of rubber footwear manufactured in the UK or imported from overseas. The appendices include lists of rubber footwear manufacturers and price-lists of each company's range of wellington boots available in the mid-1950s.
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346:. The resulting new boot was fabricated in soft calfskin leather, had the trim removed and was cut to fit more closely around the leg. The heels were low cut, stacked around an inch (2.5 centimetres), and the boot stopped at mid-calf. It was suitably hard-wearing for riding, yet smart enough for informal evening wear. The boot was dubbed the
382:, they remained the main fashion for men through the 1840s. In the 1850s they were more commonly made in the calf-high version, and in the 1860s they were both superseded by the ankle boot, except for riding. Wellington is one of the two British Prime Ministers to have given his name to an item of clothing, the other being
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By the end of the war in 1945, the
Wellington had become popular among men, women and children for wet weather wear. The boot had developed to become far roomier with a thick sole and rounded toe. Also, with the rationing of that time, labourers began to use them for daily work.
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The lower cost and ease of rubber "Wellington" boot manufacture, and being entirely waterproof, lent itself immediately to being the preferred protective material to leather in all forms of industry. Increased attention to occupational health and safety requirements led to the
874:
Christopher
Breward, “Men in Heels: From Power to Perversity,” in Shoes: Pleasure and Pain, ed. Helen Persson (London: V&A Publishing, 2015), 137; Matthew McCormack, “Boots, Material Culture and Georgian Masculinities,” Social History 42, no. 4 (2017):
233:
and middle class in the early 19th century. The name was subsequently given to waterproof rubber boots and they are no longer associated with a particular class. They are now commonly used for a range of agricultural and outdoors pursuits.
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or steel-capped
Wellington: a protective (commonly internal) toe-capping to protect the foot from crush and puncture injuries. Although traditionally made of steel, the reinforcement may be a composite or a plastic material such as
484:(TPU). Such steel-toe Wellingtons are nearly indispensable in an enormous range of industry and are often mandatory wear to meet local occupational health and safety legislation or insurance requirements.
937:
446:, Hunter Boot was again requested to supply vast quantities of Wellington and thigh boots. 80% of production was of war materials, from (rubber) ground sheets to life belts and gas masks. In the
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as they had been for generations, the introduction of the wholly waterproof, Wellington-type rubber boot became an instant success: farmers would be able to come back home with clean, dry feet.
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Wellington's utilitarian new boots quickly caught on with patriotic
British gentlemen eager to emulate their war hero. Considered fashionable and foppish in the best circles and worn by
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to construct a boot suitable for such conditions. The mills ran day and night to produce immense quantities of these trench boots. In total, 1,185,036 pairs were made to meet the
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and the name has stuck in
English ever since. In the 1815 portrait by James Lonsdale, the Duke can be seen wearing the more formal Hessian style boots, which are
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in 1955, gradually became a shorthand for "country life" in the UK. In 1980, sales of their boots skyrocketed after Lady Diana
Spencer (future
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http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20111202181215/http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/rep_pub/reports/1950_1959/015footware.htm
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and there is speculation that some early emigrants to
Australia, remembering the battle, may have confused a different design the
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process for natural rubber. Hutchinson bought the patent to manufacture footwear and moved to France to establish
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are both derived from the rubber modern
Wellington boots are made from, with the term "gum" coming from
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issue rubber boots to all soldiers for use in wet conditions and during the winter with felt liners.
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Before its entry into the mobile phone business, rubber boots were among the best-known products of
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Wellington boots in contemporary usage are waterproof and are most often made from rubber or
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and a requirement for footwear suitable for the conditions in Europe's flooded and muddy
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instructed his shoemaker, Hoby of St. James's Street, London, to modify the 18th-century
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are more commonly used in
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Production of the
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is sometimes used to specifically refer to Wellington boots with a more
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Rubber Hacks and Compromises: Notes from Lab, Field, and Factory Floor
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64:"Gumboots" and "Gumboot" redirect here. For the Paul Simon song, see
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888:, London: HMSO, 1956. Full text retrieved on 22 February 2019 at
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Wellington boots were at first made of leather. However, in 1852
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774:"What Do Americans Call Wellies? (Inc Wellies History)"
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and Newport short and tall rubber sailing wellingtons
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948:. Telegraph.co.uk. 16 February 2016. Archived from
103:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
884:Monopolies and Restrictive Practices Commission,
674:wrote a poem to a pair of Blucher Boots in 1890.
886:Report on the Supply of Certain Rubber Footwear
493:Report on the Supply of Certain Rubber Footwear
489:Monopolies and Restrictive Practices Commission
221:Originally a type of leather boot adapted from
1020:"'To a Pair of Blucher Boots' by Henry Lawson"
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922:. The Telegraph. 17 June 2015. Archived from
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906:"Will Kate kick off a war of the Wellies?"
670:developed by Blucher. The Australian poet
854:"James Lonsdale's portrait of Wellington"
163:Learn how and when to remove this message
2292:Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
422:. The North British Rubber Company (now
248:Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
227:Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
32:This is an accepted version of this page
1052:Rubber Boots: Understanding an Industry
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28:
1072:, NorthStar Rubber Specialties, L.L.C.
1058:, NorthStar Rubber Specialties, L.L.C.
498:Green Wellington boots, introduced by
2322:History of clothing (Western fashion)
1184:Spectator shoes (Co-respondent shoes)
856:. Gac.culture.gov.uk. 25 January 2019
330:, 1815. Here he is portrayed wearing
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101:adding citations to reliable sources
803:"A Brief History of the Rain Boot"
662:was Wellington's colleague at the
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88:needs additional citations for
908:. The Telegraph. 17 June 2015.
1:
772:Tuft, Karen (30 March 2022).
660:Gebhard Leberecht von BlĂĽcher
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1000:. Dokument.forsvarsmakten.se
522:, who had just invented the
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482:thermoplastic polyurethane
277:are most commonly used in
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684:British country clothing
39:latest accepted revision
972:"Finnish Footwear Sale"
402:, the classic doctor's
59:Type of waterproof boot
1645:Sport-related footwear
1217:Prince Albert slippers
998:"Gummistövlar M/90 /K"
833:New Zealand Geographic
645:Finnish Defence Forces
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195:, and also known as a
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1509:Australian work boots
801:University, Yeshiva.
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392:Sir Winston Churchill
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191:, often shortened to
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2317:21st-century fashion
2312:20th-century fashion
2307:19th-century fashion
1722:Mountaineering boots
1248:High-heeled footwear
1227:Venetian-style shoes
952:on 11 September 2007
926:on 17 November 2015.
746:The Fashiongton Post
649:Swedish Armed Forces
550:Clockwise from top:
524:sulfur vulcanisation
97:improve this article
2261:List of shoe styles
2005:Historical footwear
1591:Over-the-knee boots
1381:Cantabrian albarcas
426:) was asked by the
394:gave his name to a
29:Page version status
2287:British inventions
2113:Blake construction
1957:Peshawari chappals
1918:Kolhapuri chappals
1120:Abandoned footwear
978:. 28 November 1989
748:. 3 September 2022
742:"Wellington Boots"
664:Battle of Waterloo
634:
608:. You can help by
572:polyvinyl chloride
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487:In July 1956, the
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364:Wellington boots,
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709:Waders (footwear)
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67:Graceland (album)
16:(Redirected from
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2012:Areni-1 shoes
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1880:Hnyat-phanats
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1802:Folk footwear
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1752:Roller skates
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1708:
1707:Kung fu shoes
1705:
1703:
1702:Inline skates
1700:
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1677:Cycling shoes
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1622:Jodhpur boots
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1579:
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1567:
1566:Chelsea boots
1564:
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1559:
1558:Fashion boots
1555:
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1379:
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1376:British clogs
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1205:
1204:Slip-on shoes
1201:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1189:Winklepickers
1187:
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946:The Telegraph
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827:Sole, Steve.
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719:Welly wanging
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630:
620:
611:
607:
604:This section
602:
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586:
584:
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561:
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541:
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445:
437:
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433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
409:
407:
405:
401:
400:Gladstone Bag
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
380:Beau Brummell
377:
363:
359:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
334:Hessian boots
333:
329:
325:
321:
316:
309:
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296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
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245:
237:
235:
232:
228:
224:
223:Hessian boots
219:
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210:
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202:
198:
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190:
182:
177:
167:
164:
156:
145:
142:
138:
135:
131:
128:
124:
121:
117:
114: –
113:
109:
108:Find sources:
102:
98:
92:
91:
86:This article
84:
80:
75:
74:
69:
68:
62:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
2269:
2156:Kitten heels
1762:Safari boots
1747:Roller shoes
1742:Riding boots
1737:Racing shoes
1732:Racing flats
1692:Hiking boots
1657:Ballet shoes
1632:Ballet boots
1626:
1576:Chukka boots
1570:Beatle boots
1538:Rigger boots
1514:Cowboy boots
1488:Trench boots
1483:Tanker boots
1478:Jungle boots
1463:Combat boots
1273:Saddle shoes
1243:Ballet flats
1065:
1051:
1028:. Retrieved
1024:the original
1014:
1002:. Retrieved
992:
980:. Retrieved
975:
966:
954:. Retrieved
950:the original
945:
939:
932:
924:the original
914:
885:
880:
870:
858:. Retrieved
848:
836:. Retrieved
832:
822:
810:. Retrieved
806:
781:. Retrieved
777:
750:. Retrieved
745:
672:Henry Lawson
668:Blucher shoe
658:
642:
635:
614:
610:adding to it
605:
569:
564:Helly-Hansen
536:wooden clogs
527:
513:
510:Construction
497:
492:
486:
473:
452:
444:World War II
441:
438:World War II
434:'s demands.
432:British Army
413:
373:
347:
344:Hessian boot
337:
294:
290:
286:
274:
270:
268:
259:
255:
254:. The terms
252:Hessian boot
243:
241:
220:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
186:
181:polyurethane
159:
150:
140:
133:
126:
119:
107:
95:Please help
90:verification
87:
66:
61:
46:
37:This is the
31:
2201:Dress socks
2196:Bobby socks
2161:Spool heels
2151:Clear heels
2123:Shoe buckle
2067:Lotus shoes
1875:Haferlschuh
1850:Espadrilles
1787:Water shoes
1767:Skate shoes
1581:Go-go boots
1493:Munson Last
1458:Bunny boots
1291:Other shoes
1212:Court shoes
1146:Dress shoes
576:halogenated
558:, Jeantex,
448:Netherlands
416:World War I
410:World War I
404:portmanteau
369: 1845
299:fashionable
287:rubber boot
260:rubber boot
246:comes from
231:aristocracy
201:rubber boot
2276:Categories
2211:Knee highs
2143:High heels
2072:Pampooties
1835:Bast shoes
1820:Alpargatas
1697:Ice skates
1662:Boat shoes
1473:Jump boots
1348:Veldskoens
1303:Flip-flops
1278:Slingbacks
1253:Mary Janes
1130:Shoemaking
829:"Gumboots"
807:Treehugger
725:References
694:Mackintosh
556:Le Chameau
428:War Office
378:, such as
348:Wellington
269:The terms
264:gum rubber
209:waterproof
123:newspapers
2236:Toe socks
2216:Pantyhose
2206:Footwraps
2128:Shoelaces
2092:Turnshoes
2082:Poulaines
2032:Carbatina
1967:Tsarouchi
1962:Snowshoes
1923:Moccasins
1772:Ski boots
1727:Plimsolls
1606:Ugg boots
1531:Jika-tabi
1524:Hip boots
1468:Jackboots
1194:Wholecuts
1135:Shoe size
643:Both the
617:July 2024
574:(PVC), a
528:Ă€ l'Aigle
477:steel toe
390:) whilst
352:tasselled
332:tasselled
291:rain boot
242:The term
205:rain boot
153:July 2011
18:Rain boot
2226:Stocking
2077:Pigaches
2062:Hessians
2047:Chopines
1982:Valenkis
1885:Huarache
1782:Swimfins
1777:Sneakers
1757:Sabatons
1687:Ghillies
1446:Military
1401:Namaksin
1333:Slippers
1308:Galoshes
1108:Footwear
689:Galoshes
678:See also
647:and the
562:, Gill,
458:Post-war
420:trenches
324:Waterloo
301:design.
214:made of
43:reviewed
2191:Anklets
2184:Hosiery
2133:Toe box
2027:Caligae
2017:Buskins
1972:Takunya
1933:Mukluks
1928:Mojaris
1855:Furlane
1830:Balghas
1825:Avarcas
1815:Abarkas
1430:Träskor
1420:Pattens
1415:Padukas
1396:Klompen
1337:Uwabaki
1318:Sandals
1236:Women's
1222:Loafers
1179:Oxfords
1159:Brogues
1154:Blucher
1030:17 July
1004:17 July
982:17 July
956:17 July
875:475–478
860:17 July
583:puddles
579:polymer
376:dandies
310:Origins
305:History
275:gumboot
256:gumboot
197:gumboot
179:Modern
137:scholar
2231:Tights
2171:Wedges
2022:Calcei
1989:Waraji
1977:Upanah
1952:Opanci
1938:Nalins
1913:Kamiks
1908:Jorabs
1901:Jipsin
1860:Galesh
1840:Ciocie
1810:Abacas
1548:Waders
1328:Slides
1258:Mojari
838:1 July
812:1 July
783:1 July
752:1 July
542:Design
216:rubber
139:
132:
125:
118:
110:
2282:Boots
2087:Socci
1945:Okobo
1870:Giveh
1845:Clogs
1615:Other
1439:Boots
1425:Sabot
1408:Okobo
1386:Clogs
1371:Bakya
1263:Mules
1174:Monks
1169:Derby
1070:(PDF)
1056:(PDF)
638:Nokia
560:Aigle
532:Aigle
396:cigar
386:(see
362:Dress
326:. By
238:Names
203:, or
193:welly
144:JSTOR
130:books
2243:Tabi
2221:Sock
1996:ZĹŤri
1865:Geta
1502:Work
1391:Geta
1353:ZĹŤri
1125:Shoe
1032:2019
1006:2019
984:2019
958:2019
862:2019
840:2024
814:2024
785:2024
754:2024
518:met
338:The
318:The
289:and
273:and
258:and
212:boot
116:news
1892:Hwa
612:.
589:Use
442:In
322:at
99:by
45:on
2278::
974:.
944:.
897:^
831:.
805:.
793:^
776:.
762:^
744:.
733:^
640:.
554:,
406:.
366:c.
354:.
266:.
218:.
199:,
187:A
41:,
1572:)
1568:(
1339:)
1335:(
1100:e
1093:t
1086:v
1034:.
1008:.
986:.
960:.
942:"
938:"
892:.
864:.
842:.
816:.
787:.
756:.
619:)
615:(
166:)
160:(
155:)
151:(
141:·
134:·
127:·
120:·
93:.
70:.
49:.
20:)
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