553:], whose force consisted mainly of three 'companies, officered by whites, took place at Field Point, on the plantation of Dr. R. L. BAKER, at the mouth of the Combahee River. After destroying the residence and outbuildings, the incendiaries proceeded along the river bank, visiting successively the plantations of Mr. OLIVER MIDDLETON, Mr. ANDREW W. BURNETT, Mr. WM. KIRKLAND, Mr. JOSHUA NICHOLLS, Mr. JAMES PAUL, Mr. MANIGAULT, Mr. CHAS. T. LOWNDES and Mr. WM. C. HEYWARD. After pillaging the premises of these gentlemen, the enemy set fire to the residences, outbuildings and whatever grain, etc., they could find. The last place at which they stopped was the plantation of WM. C. HEYWARD, and, after their work of devastation there had been consummated, they destroyed the pontoon bridge at Combahee Ferry. They then drew off, taking with them between 600 and 700 slaves, belonging chiefly, as we are informed, to Mr. WM. C. HEYWARD and Mr. C.T. LOWNDES. The residences on these plantations are located at different distances from the river, varying in different cases from one to two miles. On the plantation of Mr. NICHOLLS between 8000 and 10,000 bushels of rice were destroyed. Besides his residence and outbuildings, which were burned, he lost a choice library of rare books, valued at $ 10,000. Several overseers are missing, and it is supposed that they are in the hands of the enemy.
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brought off nearly 800 slaves and thousands of dollars worth of property, without losing a man or receiving a scratch. It was a glorious consummation.... The colonel was followed by a speech from the black woman who led the raid and under whose inspiration it was originated and conducted. For sound sense and real native eloquence her address would do honor to any man, and it created a great sensation.
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well as supplies of potatoes, corn, and livestock, and left the plantations as smoking ruins. Hearing reports of
Federal advances from Fields Point up to the Stokes (Stocks) Causeway, Confederate commanders sent troops in that direction. Upon arrival, they found the Union forces out of reach. Outgunned and outnumbered, the Southern reinforcements retreated to their previous positions.
603:. The general area remains in much the same condition as it was during the war, and the causeway is on the same alignment. In 2006, the South Carolina legislature approved a resolution authored by State Representative Kenneth Hodges to name the new bridge after Harriet Tubman in recognition of her role in the historic raid. Also the site of a 1782
546:
We have gathered some additional particulars of the recent destructive Yankee raid along the banks of the
Combahee. The latest official dispatch from Gen. WALKER, dated Green Pond, eleven o'clock Tuesday night, and which was received here on Wednesday morning, conveyed intelligence that the enemy had
531:
Colonel
Montgomery and his gallant band of 300 black soldiers under the guidance of a black woman, dashed into the enemy's country, struck a bold and effective blow, destroying millions of dollars worth of commissary stores, cotton and lordly dwellings, and striking terror into the heart of rebeldom,
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fired a few shells at them. Troops deployed from the ship set fire to the bridge. Captain Hoyt took his men to the far side, while
Captain Brayton, of the 3rd Rhode Island, proceeded up the left riverbank to the Middleton plantation, "Newport", under orders to confiscate all property and lay waste to
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The
Combahee Ferry raid proved the value of black troops in combat and demonstrated Harriet Tubman's intelligence and bravery. After the raid, Confederate forces rushed to complete several small earthworks and batteries to better defend the area. The Union did not threaten the region again until the
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By this time, the rest of
Montgomery's troops had torched William Cruger Heyward's plantation and C.T. Lowndes's rice mill. They destroyed the houses, mills, and outbuildings. At Nichols Plantation, all of the buildings were set on fire. Union forces took the stores of commodity rice and cotton, as
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The raid was so successful that Union forces adopted its tactics for similar operations. Tubman later said that the only flaw was her choice of clothing in that her green dress had been damaged and torn by excited freedmen boarding the ships. A few weeks later, the 2nd South
Carolina and the 54th
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Those slaves working in the fields, unaware of the
Emancipation Proclamation, were wary when they first saw the approaching Union ships and troops, but word spread quickly that the forces were there to liberate them. Many ran to the riverbank and begged to be taken on board the ships, despite the
459:, officers had pulled back most Confederate troops from the rivers and swamps, leaving only small detachments. Before this raid, the Confederates had received a false alarm, so the few remaining outposts were cautious about responding to reports of ships or activity until certain they were Union.
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Hundreds of slaves stood on the shore. When the small boats put out to get them, they all wanted to get in at once. After the boats were filled to capacity and beyond, the throng of escapees still ashore held on to the boats to prevent them from leaving, putting the boats in danger of capsizing.
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I nebber see such a sight. We laughed, an' laughed, an' laughed. Here you'd see a woman wid a pail on her head, rice a smokin' in it jus' as she'd taken it from de fire, young one hangin' on behind, one han' roun' her forehead to hold on, t'other han' diggin' into de rice-pot, eatin' wid all its
360:. The objectives were to remove torpedoes (mines) from the river, seize supplies from area plantations, and destroy the plantations. In addition, the Union forces were to encourage recruits for infantry regiments among any healthy adult male slaves freed by these actions.
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500:. Sometimes de women would come wid twins hangin' roun' der necks; 'pears like I never see so many twins in my life; bags on der shoulders, baskets on der heads, and young ones taggin' behin', all loaded; pigs squealin', chickens screamin', young ones squallin'.
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in early 1865. The abandoned plantations surrounding
Combahee Ferry were not rebuilt during the war; the South went without needed supplies and many of the planters were virtually bankrupted. Several plantations remained unoccupied well after the war.
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About three o'clock in the morning of the same June 2, the two remaining ships arrived at the mouth of the
Combahee River at Fields Point, where Montgomery landed a small detachment under Captain Thompson. They drove off several Confederate
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Within a few hours, Confederate reinforcements responded from McPhearsonville, Pocotaligo, Green Pond and Adams Run. Colonel Breeden arrived with a few guns and opened fire on the retiring Union troops headed back across the causeway. The
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to sound the alarm. Meanwhile, a company of the 2nd South Carolina under Captain Carver landed two miles above Fields Point at Tar Bluff and deployed into position. The two ships steamed upriver to the Nichols Plantation, where the
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quickly moved to defend coastal South Carolina. Union forces tried to take control of the area to secure the fine harbors, which they needed to operate successfully in the South. In November 1861, Union Navy and Army troops invaded
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512:. Due to the efforts in planning and intelligence provided by Tubman and her contacts, more than 750 slaves were freed as a result of Montgomery's raid. Many of the men joined the Union Army.
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The location of the Combahee River raid was identified to state and Federal officials by Jeff Grigg prior to a survey related to a bridge replacement project across the Combahee River on
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might; hold of her dress two or three more; down her back a bag with a pig in it. One woman brought two pigs, a white one an' a black one; we took 'em all on board; named de white pig
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The Union ships returned to Beaufort the next day. Soldiers took the freedmen to stay at the First Baptist Church before they were transported to a resettlement camp on
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Oarsmen tried beating them on their hands, but the freed workers would not let go. The small boats made several trips back and forth to load those who wanted to leave.
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673:, which he reported was "... inspired by the 1863 'Raid at Combahee Ferry,' when Tubman led 150 Black Union soldiers into battle and rescued more than 700 slaves."
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The official Union reports of the raid have never been found. Numerous newspaper accounts reported the raid and included comments by the commanding officers.
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In the spring of 1863, Union commanders began planning raids into the fortified upper reaches of South Carolina's coastal rivers, such as the
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The site can be viewed from the boat landing parking lot on the Beaufort side of the river. The surrounding area is under private ownership.
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in her role as "Civil War hero and the first woman to lead an armed military operation in the United States" was selected to be sited at
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spanned the river. As the Union ship approached, several mounted Confederates rode over the bridge in the direction of Green Pond. The
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steamed upriver for a short distance until forced to stop by obstructions and pilings. Turning back, she tied up at the
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soon overwhelmed them with its superior firepower, forcing the Confederates from the causeway and back into the woods.
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ahead of the oncoming Union troops, and their departure effectively liberated thousands of slaves. Several Union Army
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and advanced up the river. Some of the fleeing Confederates rode to the nearby village of
997:"Watch: Octavia Spencer is 'Dope as Hell' as Harriet Tubman in New 'Drunk History' Video"
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Combee: Harriet Tubman, the Combahee River Raid, and Black Freedom During the Civil War
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The raid was also a major plot point of "The General", the penultimate episode of the
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South Carolina Department of Transportation page for Combahee Ferry Historic District
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who had fought in numerous clashes between pro- and anti-slavery forces there and in
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1038:"6 Years in the Making, Harriet Tubman Monument to Be Unveiled. Here Are the Plans"
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A statue of Tubman is to be dedicated on June 1, 2024, in Beaufort, South Carolina.
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Battles of the Lower Seaboard Theater and Gulf Approach of the American Civil War
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entirely disappeared. It seems that the first landing of the Vandels [
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1101:"Harriet Tubman and the Most Important, Understudied Battle of the Civil War"
1012:"Philadelphia Art Commission Approves Work to Begin on Harriet Tubman Statue"
221:, also known as the Combahee River Raid) was a military operation during the
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Bound For The Promised Land: Harriet Tubman, Portrait Of An American Hero
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1146:"Five Women Veterans Who Deserve to Have Army Bases Named After Them"
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battle, the immediate area has been proposed as a historic district.
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Carrying the remainder of the 2nd South Carolina and Tubman, the
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The raid was depicted briefly in the epilogue of the 2019 movie
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Military operations of the American Civil War in South Carolina
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Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War
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Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Historical Park
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efforts of overseers and Confederate soldiers to stop them.
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accompanied the troops. Shortly after leaving Beaufort, the
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The Combahee River Raid forms the basis for the 2019 novel
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in the Lowcountry during the summer "sick season", such as
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conducted on June 1 and June 2, 1863, by elements of the
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Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Third Edition
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2nd South Carolina Volunteer Infantry Regiment (Colored)
877:, Auburn : W.J. Moses, printer, 1869, p. 39, online at
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National Museum of African American History and Culture
669:. The artist, Alvin Pettit, designed a statue he named
1088:'Combee' Review: Harriet Tubman, Fighting for Freedom"
924:"Freedmen's Bureau Land Reports, Combahee Ferry, 1865"
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before the war. His style of warfare became common in
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Topozone map of the historical site of Combahee Ferry
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1863 military operation during the American Civil War
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as of 16 December 2016. Accessed on 1 December 2019.
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were formed with these former slaves, including the
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881:, University of North Carolina. Archived from the
423:went upriver to Combahee Ferry, where a temporary
368:On the evening of June 1, 1863 three small ships (
1429:The Railroad to Freedom: A Story of the Civil War
384:manning the ships' guns. Well known abolitionist
661:On January 12, 2024 a 15-foot-tall sculpture of
295:. They occupied most of Beaufort County and the
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529:
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23:
1314:Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad State Park
846:, Who Lived This History?, Lowcountry Africana
735:Boston African American National Historic Site
270:Following the first shots of the Civil War at
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1127:, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901.
911:The Enemy's Raid on the Banks of the Combahee
671:A Higher Power: The Call of a Freedom Fighter
8:
731:"Harriet Tubman and the 54th Massachusetts"
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483:In an 1869 biography of Tubman written by
40:Illustration of the Raid on Combahee River
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1549:Union victories of the American Civil War
862:, pp. 212–214, accessed 27 January 2011.
1336:Harriet Tubman National Historical Park
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686:
291:, south of Charleston near the town of
1461:Minty: A Story of Young Harriet Tubman
898:, Boston, Massachusetts, July 10, 1863
262:, many of whom joined the Union Army.
1144:Blakemore, Erin (September 8, 2021).
1138:Who Lived This History? Combahee Raid
856:"Harriet Tubman's Civil War Campaign"
619:The raid was covered in a segment on
563:Massachusetts raided up the river to
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1524:History of slavery in South Carolina
874:Scenes in the Life of Harriet Tubman
1351:Salem Chapel National Historic Site
1125:of the Union and Confederate Armies
955:. Harriet Tubman Historical Society
729:Linger, Megan (December 10, 2020).
693:These were converted ferries. The
591:organization active in the 1970s.
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302:Planters and overseers fled area
382:3rd Rhode Island Heavy Artillery
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137:
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1544:Raids of the American Civil War
1519:Colleton County, South Carolina
1514:Beaufort County, South Carolina
949:"Bridge brings focus on Tubman"
879:Documents of the American South
818:Donnelly, Paul (June 8, 2013).
697:is not to be confused with the
432:what could not be carried off.
66:Colleton County, South Carolina
62:Beaufort County, South Carolina
1326:Harriet Tubman Memorial Garden
583:The raid lent its name to the
516:Newspaper accounts of the raid
29:Part of Raid on Combahee Ferry
1:
1046:. Hilton Head, South Carolina
1036:Martin, Drew (May 31, 2024).
820:"Harriet Tubman's Great Raid"
595:The Combahee Ferry area today
284:Confederate States of America
542:of South Carolina reported:
487:, Harriet Tubman is quoted:
573:march through the Carolinas
315:2nd South Carolina Infantry
256:2nd South Carolina Infantry
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1083:Bellows, Amanda Brickell,
1075:. Oxford University Press.
804:, Series 1, Volume 14, p.
770:, Series 1, Volume 14. p.
785:"The Combahee Ferry Raid"
585:Combahee River Collective
260:Emancipation Proclamation
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1119:The War of the Rebellion
974:Battle of Combahee Ferry
900:, Harriet Tubman Website
872:Sarah Hopkins Bradford,
750:(Merriam-Webster, 1997;
737:. National Park Service.
108:Approx. 800 slaves freed
1400:Harriet Tubman Memorial
1387:Harriet Tubman Memorial
1121:: A Compilation of the
1093:The Wall Street Journal
364:The Combahee Ferry raid
1504:1863 in South Carolina
1228:Raid on Combahee Ferry
667:Philadelphia City Hall
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485:Sarah Hopkins Bradford
182:Raid on Combahee Ferry
150:Commanders and leaders
24:Raid on Combahee Ferry
1453:The Quest for Freedom
1374:Harriet Tubman Square
1331:Harriet Tubman Museum
1140:, Lowcountry Africana
1116:U.S. War Department,
1069:Fields-Black, Edda L.
999:. September 24, 2015.
926:, Lowcountry Africana
157:Col. James Montgomery
1445:A Woman Called Moses
1437:A Woman Called Moses
1274:Nelson Charles Davis
1211:Underground Railroad
1109:, February 23, 2024.
527:of Boston reported:
496:, and the black pig
475:Liberation of slaves
1341:Harriet Tubman Park
1096:, February 23, 2024
321:. Montgomery was a
282:, the newly formed
83: /
1477:The Good Lord Bird
1369:Harriet Tubman Day
1286:Harriet "Rit" Ross
1099:Herschthal, Eric,
643:The Tubman Command
614:In popular culture
577:William T. Sherman
539:Charleston Mercury
223:American Civil War
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1480:(2020 miniseries)
1448:(1978 miniseries)
1043:The Island Packet
605:Revolutionary War
536:The pro-Southern
510:St. Helena Island
276:Charleston Harbor
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144:CSA (Confederacy)
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106:Union victory
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1440:(1976 novel)
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1216:Tilly Escape
1155:. Retrieved
1149:
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1091:
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1048:. Retrieved
1041:
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1019:. Retrieved
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959:December 29,
957:. Retrieved
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827:. Retrieved
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117:Belligerents
18:
1472:(2019 film)
1464:(1996 book)
1456:(1992 film)
1432:(1932 book)
1307:and museums
1268:John Tubman
1222:Dover Eight
1157:January 19,
1151:Smithsonian
1021:January 13,
575:by General
317:under Col.
304:plantations
297:Sea Islands
272:Fort Sumter
90: /
1498:Categories
1419:Literature
1245:Birthplace
756:0877795460
716:References
704:, a naval
701:John Adams
695:John Adams
638:, in 2018.
498:Jeff Davis
494:Beauregard
465:John Adams
437:John Adams
429:John Adams
421:John Adams
416:anchored.
406:Green Pond
378:John Adams
289:Port Royal
266:Background
246:Lowcountry
229:along the
227:Union Army
78:80°40′59″W
75:32°39′07″N
1276:(husband)
1270:(husband)
1238:Locations
1080:Reviews:
699:USS
558:Aftermath
311:regiments
1421:and film
1389:(Boston)
1288:(mother)
1282:(father)
1280:Ben Ross
1071:(2024),
883:original
829:July 10,
635:Timeless
625:in 2015.
457:smallpox
441:causeway
390:Sentinel
370:Sentinel
350:Combahee
331:Missouri
308:infantry
293:Beaufort
239:Colleton
235:Beaufort
57:Location
1469:Harriet
1360:Homages
1063:Sources
1050:June 1,
1016:WHYY-FM
706:frigate
655:Harriet
449:malaria
445:endemic
411:gunboat
402:pickets
354:Ashepoo
343:Florida
339:Georgia
1379:statue
1297:Legacy
1260:Family
1230:(1863)
1224:(1857)
1218:(1856)
1204:Events
754:
455:, and
376:, and
358:Edisto
356:, and
327:Kansas
103:Result
1305:Parks
1250:Grave
681:Notes
325:from
131:Union
1159:2022
1052:2024
1023:2024
961:2019
831:2024
752:ISBN
587:, a
435:The
341:and
237:and
215:kəm-
180:The
49:Date
1407:SS
806:308
772:306
632:of
550:sic
274:in
233:in
217:BEE
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203:b
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197:m
194:ə
191:k
188:/
184:(
133:)
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