88:
102:
804:
The first Dutch report of the privateers stated that the squadron consisted of two 3-masted ships, a brig, and two schooners. A letter from the privateers calling for the surrender of the colony bears the names of four captains, with the names being at variance to those in the table above: "Wm.
534:
authorizing offensive action and so had they failed in their attack the Dutch would have been within their rights to hang any captives as pirates. Britain too could have hanged them for piracy, but the privateers "trusted to the Honour of the
Government, that no advantage would be taken of that
817:
The table below lists 14 vessels that the privateers captured at the mouth of the
Demerara River. This list appears to be missing a vessel of 200 tons and 12 guns, given the discrepancy between the numbers in the table and the total tons and armament that Damer Powell reported.
1420:
1415:
162:
570:
15 prizes of a total tonnage of 4,098 tons (bm), and mounting 124 guns between them. (The privateers between them mounted some 118 guns and mustered a tonnage of about 800 tons (bm).) The largest vessel they brought out was the
155:
148:
522:, broke out over British and Dutch disagreements on the legality and conduct of Dutch trade with Britain's enemies in that war. In 1781 France induced the Dutch to side with them and the Americans.
409:
1378:
The
History of British Guiana: Comprising a General Description of the Colony: A narrative of some of the principal events from the earliest period of products and natural history
1425:
535:
defect, while they only did what appeared to them to be good service to their country as well as to themselves; and what in their judgement would greatly distress the enemy."
585:, was in no state to be of any use and that the Council at Essequibo had given the commander, Captain Severyn, instructions to put up no more than a token resistance.
402:
805:
Maclure, Robert Boreal, Fil. Hardy, and Benj. Wenbold". The names of the masters in the table and most of the ship details are consistent with those in the
395:
1400:
530:
The privateers had heard of the outbreak of war between
Britain and the Dutch Republic and decided to take advantage of the situation. They did not have
608:
622:
443:
578:
They left behind four vessels, two of them
American. As of 3 March there were also nine merchant vessels in the river at Essequibo.
311:
1405:
241:
611:
had sent appeared at
Demerara. In March, the sloops accepted the surrender of "Colony of Demarary and the River Essequebo".
465:
376:
341:
831:
647:
470:
1435:
261:
256:
251:
201:
1410:
519:
366:
361:
331:
271:
266:
246:
172:
438:
433:
351:
346:
336:
296:
281:
221:
511:
356:
216:
93:
601:
582:
448:
301:
231:
499:
480:
419:
236:
32:
629:
and five other small
British warships. The peace of Paris in 1783 restored the territories to the Dutch.
502:(1780–1784). Six British privateers entered the rivers and captured 15 Dutch vessels before withdrawing.
460:
326:
316:
306:
371:
286:
211:
566:, also joined the raid. British reports state they succeeded in bringing out from under the guns of
321:
206:
196:
1280:
594:
475:
291:
55:
581:
Dutch reports agree on the losses but point out that the sole defensive structure at
Essequibo,
1430:
226:
531:
191:
567:
1275:
625:
after compelling
Governor Robert Kingston to surrender. At that time the French captured
140:
515:
107:
1394:
1148:
179:
749:
676:
575:, 600 tons (bm) of Amsterdam. Privateers and prizes then left on 27 February.
1421:
Naval battles of the
American Revolutionary War involving the Dutch Republic
745:
555:
387:
59:
1416:
Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War involving Great Britain
1364:. (Boston: Little, Brown and Co.; London: S. Low, Marston and Co.).
615:
1385:
History of British Guiana, from the Year 1668 to the Present Time
498:
took place between 24 and 27 February 1781 in the context of the
1362:
The royal navy: a history from the earliest times to the present
391:
144:
1341:
1339:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
618:
as the privateers had had no commission to seize them.
510:
The Fourth Anglo-Dutch War was a conflict between the
820:
636:
699:24 guns, or 10 × 4-pounder guns + 8 × swivel guns
721:18 guns, or 14 × 4-pounder guns + 6 swivel guns
614:The vessels the privateers had captured became
25:
16:British raid during the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War
518:. The war, contemporaneously related to the
403:
156:
8:
1426:Naval battles of the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War
621:From 2 February 1782 to February 1783 the
410:
396:
388:
163:
149:
141:
22:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1051:Haast U. Lang Seam Jonge Juff. Margarete
554:joined them the next day. Two privateer
1305:
1303:
1200:
1345:
1330:
1318:
1229:
1360:Clowes, W. Laird, et al. (1897-1903)
927:de Vrouguer, An. Colyns and Ana Maria
7:
748:(main deck) + 10 × 12-pounder guns (
550:arrived at Demerara on 21 February.
1370:Bristol privateers and ships of war
1265:Rodway (1891), Vol. 1, pp.275-283.
675:26 × 12 & 6-pounder guns + 6 ×
14:
1401:Military history of the Caribbean
600:(Commander Francis Pender), and
593:On 27 February 1781 two sloops,
100:
86:
992:Provisions, iron, & lumber
135:14-15 merchant vessels captured
496:raid on Demerara and Essequibo
26:Raid on Essequibo and Demerara
1:
1368:Powell, J. W. Damer (1930).
1115:Coffee, cotton, & sugar
1092:Sugar, coffee, & cotton
943:Coffee, cotton, & sugar
868:Coffee, sugar, & cotton
312:2nd Demerara & Essequibo
277:1st Demerara & Essequibo
1372:. J.W. Arrowsmith: Bristol.
1284:. 21 April 1781. p. 1.
607:(Captain George Day), that
1452:
1211:(1897-1903), Vol. 4, p.62.
1067:Sugar, coffee, and cotton
623:French occupied the colony
520:American Revolutionary War
429:
187:
126:
113:
78:
38:
30:
1376:Henry, Dalton G. (1855)
735:(built Bordeaux c.1777)
512:Kingdom of Great Britain
616:droits to the Admiralty
1165:Provisions and planks
1140:Sugar, coffee, cotton
758:Bristol, or Liverpool
500:Fourth Anglo-Dutch War
456:Essequibo and Demerara
421:Fourth Anglo-Dutch War
33:Fourth Anglo-Dutch War
1406:1781 in the Caribbean
1383:Rodway, James (1891)
127:Casualties and losses
1309:Henry (1855), p.239.
1055:Cornelius Van Kakum
881:Andrew Chris. Denta
1297:(April 1781), p.48.
918:Coffee & sugar
893:Flour & lumber
609:Admiral Lord Rodney
558:from Barbados, the
46:24–27 February 1781
1436:Essequibo (colony)
1281:The London Gazette
1017:Planks and bricks
1001:Yofrowd Ana Louisa
1411:Conflicts in 1781
1251:(1780), pp.308-9.
1193:
1192:
1042:Coffee and sugar
1030:Cornelius Keifer
802:
801:
669:Patrick Driscoll
532:letters of marque
489:
488:
385:
384:
272:Dutch West Indies
175:Revolutionary War
139:
138:
74:
73:
1443:
1373:
1349:
1343:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1307:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1252:
1246:
1233:
1227:
1212:
1205:
1153:Oudman, Zwartje
821:
813:Captured vessels
768:Oden Whitehouse
744:22 × 24-pounder
637:
424:
422:
412:
405:
398:
389:
372:Turks and Caicos
367:17 February 1783
362:15 February 1783
247:12 December 1779
182:
165:
158:
151:
142:
106:
104:
103:
96:
92:
90:
89:
40:
39:
23:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1391:
1390:
1387:. (J. Thomson).
1367:
1357:
1352:
1344:
1337:
1329:
1325:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1301:
1295:Annual Register
1293:
1289:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1255:
1247:
1236:
1228:
1215:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1076:Middleburg Hope
931:Mart. Sclossen
856:Christ. Catnea
815:
635:
591:
568:shore batteries
538:The privateers
528:
508:
492:
491:
490:
485:
425:
420:
418:
416:
386:
381:
352:6 December 1782
347:18 October 1782
297:15 January 1782
183:
178:
174:
171:
169:
101:
99:
87:
85:
84:
70:British victory
62:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1449:
1447:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1365:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1348:, p. 266.
1335:
1333:, p. 279.
1323:
1321:, p. 276.
1311:
1299:
1287:
1267:
1253:
1234:
1232:, p. 253.
1213:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1080:Hans Zuidella
1078:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1026:Zeelente Poost
1022:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1005:Tunis Sweeris
1003:
997:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
972:
971:
968:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
948:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
923:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
906:John Deweades
904:
898:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
877:Eansesindgheyd
873:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
852:Guidl. Vreight
848:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
828:
825:
814:
811:
800:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
780:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
760:
759:
756:
753:
742:
739:
736:
729:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
707:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
693:Robert Craggs
691:
685:
684:
681:
679:
673:
670:
667:
661:
660:
657:
654:
651:
644:
641:
634:
631:
590:
587:
583:Fort Zeelandia
527:
524:
516:Dutch Republic
507:
504:
487:
486:
484:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
452:
451:
441:
436:
434:Sint Eustatius
430:
427:
426:
417:
415:
414:
407:
400:
392:
383:
382:
380:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
357:2 January 1783
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
302:Brimstone Hill
299:
294:
289:
284:
282:Sint Eustatius
279:
274:
269:
264:
262:2nd Martinique
259:
254:
252:1st Martinique
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
188:
185:
184:
170:
168:
167:
160:
153:
145:
137:
136:
133:
129:
128:
124:
123:
120:
116:
115:
111:
110:
108:Dutch Republic
97:
81:
80:
76:
75:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
54:
52:
48:
47:
44:
36:
35:
28:
27:
21:
20:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1448:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1346:Powell (1930)
1342:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1331:Powell (1930)
1327:
1324:
1320:
1319:Powell (1930)
1315:
1312:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1288:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1230:Powell (1930)
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1195:
1189:St Eustatius
1188:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
977:
974:
973:
969:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
953:
950:
949:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
928:
925:
924:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
903:
900:
899:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
878:
875:
874:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
853:
850:
849:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
829:
826:
823:
822:
819:
812:
810:
808:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
781:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
761:
757:
754:
751:
747:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
730:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
712:
709:
708:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
690:
687:
686:
682:
680:
678:
674:
671:
668:
666:
663:
662:
658:
655:
652:
649:
645:
642:
639:
638:
632:
630:
628:
624:
619:
617:
612:
610:
606:
605:
599:
598:
588:
586:
584:
579:
576:
574:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
536:
533:
525:
523:
521:
517:
513:
505:
503:
501:
497:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
461:Barbary Coast
459:
457:
454:
450:
447:
446:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
431:
428:
423:
413:
408:
406:
401:
399:
394:
393:
390:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
267:Fort San Juan
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
217:Saint Vincent
215:
213:
212:2nd St. Lucia
210:
208:
207:1st St. Lucia
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
189:
186:
181:
176:
166:
161:
159:
154:
152:
147:
146:
143:
134:
131:
130:
125:
121:
118:
117:
112:
109:
98:
95:
94:Great Britain
83:
82:
77:
69:
66:
65:
61:
57:
53:
50:
49:
45:
42:
41:
37:
34:
29:
24:
19:
1384:
1377:
1369:
1361:
1326:
1314:
1294:
1290:
1279:
1270:
1249:Remembrancer
1248:
1208:
1203:
1123:
1075:
1050:
1025:
1000:
980:Jean Ricart
975:
951:
926:
901:
876:
851:
816:
807:Remembrancer
806:
803:
783:
763:
738:John Kimber
732:
710:
688:
664:
626:
620:
613:
603:
596:
592:
580:
577:
572:
563:
559:
551:
547:
543:
539:
537:
529:
509:
495:
493:
466:Saldanha Bay
455:
332:Mona Passage
276:
242:San Fernando
79:Belligerents
31:Part of the
18:
1276:"No. 12181"
1143:Middleburg
1095:Middleburg
1070:Middleburg
952:Young Aaron
896:Middleburg
840:Complement
715:J. Jackson
677:swivel guns
656:Complement
481:Trincomalee
471:Dogger Bank
337:Black River
327:The Saintes
307:Frigate Bay
237:Cayo Cocina
227:2nd Grenada
222:1st Grenada
180:West Indies
119:Six vessels
1395:Categories
1355:References
1168:Rotterdam
1124:De Vreheyd
1118:Amsterdam
1045:Amsterdam
1020:Amsterdam
995:Amsterdam
970:Amsterdam
956:J.A. Ruge
946:Amsterdam
921:Amsterdam
846:Home port
746:carronades
659:Home port
633:Privateers
506:Background
444:Gold Coast
377:3rd Nassau
342:2nd Nassau
317:Montserrat
287:Fort Royal
257:Guadeloupe
192:1st Nassau
1196:Citations
1173:schooner
1128:Petterse
976:De Boreas
871:Flushing
837:Armament
798:Barbados
778:Barbados
711:Porcupine
653:Armament
595:HMS
589:Aftermath
556:schooners
548:Porcupine
476:Negapatam
232:Río Hondo
56:Essequibo
1431:Demerara
1086:12 guns
1061:12 guns
1011:12 guns
986:10 guns
887:10 guns
862:12 guns
788:Newbold
727:Bristol
705:Bristol
683:Bristol
604:Surprize
562:and the
526:The raid
514:and the
439:Sombrero
202:Dominica
197:Barbados
173:American
114:Strength
60:Demerara
51:Location
1207:Clowes
1186:Timber
1159:4 guns
1109:8 guns
1103:Barnes
1036:6 guns
962:6 guns
937:8 guns
912:4 guns
827:Master
793:4 guns
773:8 guns
689:Mercury
665:Bellona
643:Master
627:Barbuda
597:Barbuda
544:Mercury
540:Bellona
122:Unknown
1209:et al.
902:Vreede
843:Cargo
830:Tons (
764:Halton
733:Hornet
646:Tons (
573:Boreas
560:Halton
552:Hornet
546:, and
449:Elmina
322:Roatán
292:Tobago
105:
91:
67:Result
1100:ship
824:Name
784:Polly
640:Name
564:Polly
1156:200
1149:snow
1131:350
1106:350
1083:400
1058:250
1033:180
1008:400
983:600
959:152
934:206
909:120
884:400
859:200
755:180
741:350
702:100
696:200
672:150
602:HMS
494:The
132:None
58:and
43:Date
1178:90
1162:16
1137:32
1112:20
1089:24
1064:37
1039:12
1014:20
989:26
965:14
940:18
915:26
890:26
865:32
724:70
718:90
1397::
1338:^
1302:^
1278:.
1256:^
1237:^
1216:^
1183:8
1134:8
834:)
832:bm
809:.
752:)
750:Fc
650:)
648:bm
542:,
1380:.
411:e
404:t
397:v
177::
164:e
157:t
150:v
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