409:
121:
163:
236:. The former permits passage of a transportation route alongside of, or around a hill, where the slope is transverse to the roadway or the railway. A sidehill cut can be formed by means of sidecasting, i.e., cutting on the high side balanced by moving the material to build up the low side to achieve a flat surface for the route. In contrast, through cuts, where the adjacent grade is higher on both sides of the route, require removal of material from the area since it cannot be dumped alongside the route.
259:
858:
711:
757:
670:
658:
769:
820:
745:
646:
793:
846:
834:
870:
781:
894:
810:
733:
634:
882:
682:
31:
416:, Liverpool. Watercolour by T.T.Bury (1833) The cutting was 20 ft (6.1 m) wide and 70 ft (21.3 m) deep. Construction required the removal of 480,000 cubic yards (370,000 m) of sandstone.
142:, with a depth of 120 feet (37 m), it was the deepest cutting in the world at the time of its opening in the early 1860s. The original nearly-vertical sides have since been trimmed back.
408:
582:
1547:
120:
389:
575:
600:
568:
528:(Omaha, Neb.: Simmons-Boardman Books, 1984), p. 48. That reference does not include a definition for the corresponding term "fill."
89:
construction uses the spoils from cuts to fill in defiles to cost-effectively create relatively straight routes at steady grades.
401:
139:
1733:
1250:
1131:
673:
1723:
1713:
1563:
478:
93:
1163:
608:
1466:
861:
456:
1542:
1532:
1404:
1394:
1224:
962:
760:
591:
162:
150:
appears in the 19th century literature to designate rock cuts developed to moderate grades of railway lines.
661:
1382:
1357:
1297:
977:
918:
772:
283:
748:
1728:
1645:
1456:
1270:
1106:
1081:
1002:
932:
911:
803:
1718:
1332:
1141:
649:
452:
380:
194:
182:
201:
along the same route, but this is not always the case when cut material is unsuitable for use as fill.
796:
1685:
1537:
1494:
1387:
1312:
849:
695:
287:
167:
1461:
1451:
992:
952:
925:
700:
690:
421:
413:
109:
736:
1412:
1121:
904:
823:
209:
131:
274:. The tall wooden poles are designed for boats to tie on to while awaiting entry into the lock.
1509:
1255:
1146:
967:
427:
384:
124:
39:
1559:
1446:
1337:
1277:
1136:
957:
258:
59:
1592:
857:
710:
1675:
1499:
1417:
1352:
1347:
1245:
1111:
982:
837:
756:
669:
473:
351:
282:
is a section of a river or other inland waterway immediately upstream and downstream of a
205:
101:
657:
290:
while waiting for the lock gates to open or to allow people to board or alight vessels.
212:, commonly sand, clay or gravel; the cost of building drains, reinforcing banks against
1622:
1514:
1431:
1235:
997:
987:
873:
768:
364:
313:
74:
55:
819:
744:
645:
154:
defines a cut as "a passage cut for the roadway through an obstacle of rock or dirt."
1707:
1650:
1489:
1367:
1362:
1086:
1007:
447:
443:
355:
335:
318:
190:
82:
1670:
1665:
1655:
1635:
1322:
1265:
1096:
813:
368:
308:
263:
198:
86:
1680:
1377:
1260:
1199:
487:
483:
304:
217:
193:. One unusual means of creating a cut is to remove the roof of a tunnel through
792:
1504:
1484:
1372:
1184:
1179:
1101:
1091:
972:
845:
833:
717:
637:
359:
1660:
1640:
1526:
1342:
1327:
943:
885:
869:
784:
685:
271:
267:
213:
186:
780:
560:
17:
893:
809:
732:
1690:
1577:
1307:
1282:
1209:
1126:
1116:
339:
105:
97:
27:
Location where earth is removed to make way for a road, railway, or canal
633:
197:. Material removed from cuts is ideally balanced by material needed for
58:
from a relative rise along a route is removed. The term is also used in
1630:
1602:
1287:
1214:
1204:
1194:
1189:
897:
128:
63:
881:
681:
1612:
1607:
1597:
1587:
1519:
1317:
1292:
1240:
1050:
493:
468:
178:
174:
30:
1065:
431:
407:
257:
247:
243:
161:
135:
119:
78:
29:
204:
The word is also used in the same sense in mining, in particular
1552:
1060:
1055:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1020:
722:
70:
51:
564:
208:. The use of cuttings often provides byproducts as a form of
220:
are factors which commonly limit its use in certain areas.
286:
which has been modified to provide locations for boats to
541:
5th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005), pp. 8.16 et seq.
490:
to stabilise cutting walls against landslip (landslide)
100:. They also have the advantage of comparatively lower
1621:
1576:
1475:
1439:
1430:
1403:
1223:
1172:
1159:
1074:
1028:
1019:
942:
620:
607:
92:Cuts are used as alternatives to indirect routes,
537:Herbert L. Nichols, Jr., and David A. Day, P.E.,
526:Railway Age's Comprehensive Railroad Dictionary
152:Railway Age's Comprehensive Railroad Dictionary
62:to speed a waterway's flow by short-cutting a
576:
539:Moving the Earth: The Workbook of Excavation,
8:
173:Cuts can be created by multiple passes of a
1436:
1169:
1025:
617:
583:
569:
561:
505:
81:construction to reduce the length and
228:There are at least two types of cut,
7:
25:
601:Offshore geotechnical engineering
390:Big Hill Cutting, New South Wales
892:
880:
868:
856:
844:
832:
818:
808:
791:
779:
767:
755:
743:
731:
709:
680:
668:
656:
644:
632:
402:Archaeological site of Atapuerca
138:in 2001. Created as part of the
140:Newtown and Machynlleth Railway
524:Robert G. Lewis et al., eds.,
514:A new history of Aberdeenshire
1:
1251:Mechanically stabilized earth
1003:Hydraulic conductivity tests
1564:Stress distribution in soil
479:Embankment (transportation)
246:well above the bottom of a
69:Cuts are typically used in
1750:
714:Pore pressure measurement
242:is a cut in the side of a
1467:Preconsolidation pressure
862:Standard penetration test
598:
457:U.S. Route 23 in Kentucky
963:California bearing ratio
761:Rotary-pressure sounding
592:Geotechnical engineering
166:Open-cut station of the
1383:Geosynthetic clay liner
1358:Expanded clay aggregate
978:Proctor compaction test
919:Crosshole sonic logging
905:Nuclear densometer test
662:Geo-electrical sounding
512:Alexander Smith (1875)
1646:Earthquake engineering
1457:Lateral earth pressure
1082:Hydraulic conductivity
933:Wave equation analysis
912:Exploration geophysics
804:Deformation monitoring
773:Rotary weight sounding
417:
307:(Gaillard Cut) on the
275:
170:
143:
35:
824:Settlement recordings
749:Rock control drilling
650:Cone penetration test
453:Pikeville Cut-Through
411:
381:Windmill Hill Cutting
261:
165:
123:
33:
1734:Building engineering
1686:Agricultural science
1388:Cellular confinement
424:, Liverpool, England
168:New York City Subway
1724:Rail infrastructure
1578:Numerical analysis
1462:Overburden pressure
1452:Pore water pressure
1232:Shoring structures
1107:Reynolds' dilatancy
1008:Water content tests
993:Triaxial shear test
953:Soil classification
926:Pile integrity test
422:Olive Mount cutting
414:Olive Mount cutting
1714:Cuts (earthmoving)
1553:Slab stabilisation
1533:Stability analysis
418:
276:
262:A lock cut on the
210:mineral extraction
171:
144:
132:Cambrian Mountains
36:
1701:
1700:
1572:
1571:
1548:Sliding criterion
1510:Response spectrum
1426:
1425:
1256:Pressure grouting
1155:
1154:
1015:
1014:
968:Direct shear test
674:Permeability test
552:Moving the Earth,
550:Nichols and Day,
486:, use of a dummy
444:Sideling Hill Cut
428:Talerddig cutting
385:Western Australia
125:Talerddig cutting
40:civil engineering
16:(Redirected from
1741:
1560:Bearing capacity
1447:Effective stress
1437:
1338:Land reclamation
1278:Land development
1173:Natural features
1170:
1137:Specific storage
1026:
958:Atterberg limits
896:
884:
872:
860:
848:
836:
822:
812:
797:Screw plate test
795:
783:
771:
759:
747:
735:
713:
684:
672:
660:
648:
636:
618:
585:
578:
571:
562:
555:
548:
542:
535:
529:
522:
516:
510:
60:river management
21:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1676:Earth materials
1617:
1579:
1568:
1477:
1471:
1422:
1399:
1353:Earth structure
1348:Erosion control
1246:Ground freezing
1236:Retaining walls
1219:
1161:
1151:
1112:Angle of repose
1070:
1011:
945:
938:
937:
898:Visible bedrock
850:Simple sounding
838:Shear vane test
614:instrumentation
613:
611:
603:
594:
589:
559:
558:
549:
545:
536:
532:
523:
519:
511:
507:
502:
474:Dashrath Manjhi
465:
440:
398:
377:
352:Bergen Hill Cut
348:
332:
327:
301:
296:
256:
226:
206:Open-pit mining
160:
118:
102:noise pollution
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1747:
1745:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1706:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1623:Related fields
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1584:
1582:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1543:Classification
1540:
1535:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1515:Seismic hazard
1512:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1481:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1443:
1441:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1409:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1229:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1176:
1174:
1167:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1142:Shear strength
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1117:Friction angle
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1032:
1030:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1005:
1000:
998:Oedometer test
995:
990:
988:Sieve analysis
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
948:
940:
939:
936:
935:
929:
928:
922:
921:
915:
914:
908:
907:
901:
900:
889:
888:
877:
876:
874:Total sounding
865:
864:
853:
852:
841:
840:
829:
828:
827:
826:
816:
800:
799:
788:
787:
776:
775:
764:
763:
752:
751:
740:
739:
728:
727:
726:
725:
720:
706:
705:
704:
703:
698:
693:
677:
676:
665:
664:
653:
652:
641:
640:
629:
628:
626:
615:
605:
604:
599:
596:
595:
590:
588:
587:
580:
573:
565:
557:
556:
543:
530:
517:
504:
503:
501:
498:
497:
496:
491:
481:
476:
471:
464:
461:
460:
459:
450:
439:
436:
435:
434:
425:
412:Excavation of
406:
405:
397:
394:
393:
392:
387:
376:
373:
372:
371:
362:
347:
344:
343:
342:
331:
328:
326:
323:
322:
321:
316:
314:Dawesville Cut
311:
300:
297:
295:
292:
255:
252:
225:
222:
159:
156:
117:
114:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1746:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1729:Road cuttings
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1651:Geomorphology
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1575:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1495:Consolidation
1493:
1491:
1490:Frost heaving
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1368:Geosynthetics
1366:
1364:
1363:Crushed stone
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1318:Cut-and-cover
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1158:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1087:Water content
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
947:
941:
934:
931:
930:
927:
924:
923:
920:
917:
916:
913:
910:
909:
906:
903:
902:
899:
895:
891:
890:
887:
883:
879:
878:
875:
871:
867:
866:
863:
859:
855:
854:
851:
847:
843:
842:
839:
835:
831:
830:
825:
821:
817:
815:
811:
807:
806:
805:
802:
801:
798:
794:
790:
789:
786:
785:Sample series
782:
778:
777:
774:
770:
766:
765:
762:
758:
754:
753:
750:
746:
742:
741:
738:
734:
730:
729:
724:
721:
719:
716:
715:
712:
708:
707:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
688:
687:
683:
679:
678:
675:
671:
667:
666:
663:
659:
655:
654:
651:
647:
643:
642:
639:
635:
631:
630:
627:
624:
619:
616:
610:
609:Investigation
606:
602:
597:
593:
586:
581:
579:
574:
572:
567:
566:
563:
553:
547:
544:
540:
534:
531:
527:
521:
518:
515:
509:
506:
499:
495:
492:
489:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
469:Cut-and-cover
467:
466:
462:
458:
454:
451:
449:
445:
442:
441:
437:
433:
429:
426:
423:
420:
419:
415:
410:
403:
400:
399:
395:
391:
388:
386:
382:
379:
378:
374:
370:
366:
363:
361:
357:
356:Bergen Arches
353:
350:
349:
345:
341:
337:
336:Hellfire Pass
334:
333:
329:
324:
320:
319:Corinth Canal
317:
315:
312:
310:
306:
303:
302:
298:
293:
291:
289:
285:
281:
273:
269:
265:
260:
253:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
235:
231:
223:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
169:
164:
157:
155:
153:
149:
141:
137:
133:
130:
126:
122:
115:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
90:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
67:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
32:
19:
1719:Construction
1671:Biogeography
1666:Hydrogeology
1656:Soil science
1636:Geochemistry
1395:Infiltration
1323:Cut and fill
1302:
1266:Soil nailing
1132:Permeability
1097:Bulk density
814:Inclinometer
737:Ram sounding
622:
551:
546:
538:
533:
525:
520:
513:
508:
369:Pennsylvania
309:Panama Canal
294:Notable cuts
279:
277:
264:River Thames
239:
238:
233:
230:sidehill cut
229:
227:
224:Types of cut
203:
172:
151:
147:
145:
127:through the
91:
87:Cut and fill
85:of a route.
68:
47:
43:
37:
34:Road cutting
1681:Archaeology
1405:Foundations
1378:Geomembrane
1261:Slurry wall
1200:Water table
1164:Interaction
1160:Structures
1147:Sensitivity
944:Laboratory
488:arch bridge
484:Flying arch
365:Duffy's Cut
305:Culebra Cut
234:through cut
218:water table
216:and a high
195:daylighting
112:solutions.
94:embankments
18:Railway cut
1708:Categories
1538:Mitigation
1520:Shear wave
1505:Earthquake
1500:Compaction
1485:Permafrost
1476:Phenomena/
1373:Geotextile
1298:Embankment
1288:Excavation
1225:Earthworks
1185:Vegetation
1180:Topography
1102:Thixotropy
1092:Void ratio
1075:Properties
973:Hydrometer
718:Piezometer
638:Core drill
500:References
360:New Jersey
1661:Hydrology
1641:Petrology
1529:analysis
1527:Landslide
1432:Mechanics
1343:Track bed
1328:Fill dirt
1313:Terracing
886:Trial pit
701:Statnamic
686:Load test
375:Australia
272:Berkshire
268:Bray Lock
214:landslide
187:excavator
146:The term
50:is where
1691:Agrology
1580:software
1478:problems
1308:Causeway
1283:Landfill
1210:Subgrade
1127:Porosity
1122:Cohesion
554:p. 8.16.
463:See also
346:Americas
340:Thailand
280:lock cut
254:Lock cut
191:blasting
189:, or by
158:Creation
110:at-grade
106:elevated
98:viaducts
1631:Geology
1603:SVSlope
1413:Shallow
1333:Grading
1271:Tieback
1215:Subsoil
1205:Bedrock
1195:Topsoil
1190:Terrain
983:R-value
946:testing
696:Dynamic
623:in situ
621:Field (
404:, Spain
240:A ledge
183:scraper
148:cutting
129:granite
116:History
64:meander
48:cutting
1613:Plaxis
1608:UTEXAS
1598:SVFlux
1588:SEEP2D
1440:Forces
1293:Trench
1241:Gabion
1051:Gravel
691:Static
494:Trench
396:Europe
179:grader
175:shovel
77:, and
1593:STABL
1066:Loess
1029:Types
432:Wales
299:Canal
248:gorge
244:cliff
199:fills
136:Wales
104:than
96:, or
83:grade
79:canal
1418:Deep
1061:Loam
1056:Peat
1046:Sand
1041:Silt
1036:Clay
1021:Soil
723:Well
448:I-68
438:Road
354:and
330:Asia
325:Rail
288:moor
284:lock
232:and
75:rail
71:road
56:rock
52:soil
42:, a
1303:Cut
612:and
455:on
446:on
266:at
185:or
108:or
54:or
46:or
44:cut
38:In
1710::
1562:*
430:,
383:,
367:,
358:,
338:,
278:A
270:,
250:.
181:,
177:,
134:,
73:,
66:.
1166:)
1162:(
625:)
584:e
577:t
570:v
20:)
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