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388:) is a large (~6 in or 152 mm length, slightly under 1 in or 25 mm diameter) metal screw used to fix a chair (for bullhead rail), baseplate (for flat bottom rail) or to directly fasten a rail. Chair screws are screwed into a hole bored in the sleeper. The chair screw has a higher cost to manufacture than the rail spike, but has the advantage of greater fixing power—approximately twice that of a rail spike—and can be used in combination with
365:
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1708:. Simmons-Boardman Pub. Corp. 1838. From the American Journal of Science and Arts "Experiments on the adhesion of iron spikes of various forms, when driven into different specimins of timber"; by Walter B. Johnson, Professor of mechanics and natural philosophy in the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, pp.357-360.
533:, steam softened and then compressed with hydraulic presses and stored in a drying house. When inserted into the chair, exposure to the wet atmosphere caused the key to expand, firmly holding the rail. The wedge may be on the inside or outside of the rail. In Britain they were usually on the outside.
315:
A rail spike is roughly chisel-shaped and with a flat edged point; the spike is driven with the edge perpendicular to the grain, which gives greater resistance to loosening. The main function is to keep the rail in gauge. When attaching tie plates the attachment is made as strong as possible, whereas
257:
is credited with the invention of the rail spike, the first recorded use of which was in 1832. The railroad spike was an invention which resulted from the state of industrialisation in the United States in the early 19th century: English mainline railways of that period used heavy and expensive cast
164:
By the 1820s the first shaped rolled rails had begun to be produced initially of a T shape which required a chair to hold them; the rails were held in position by iron wedges (which sometimes caused the rail to break when forced in) and later by wooden wedges, which became the standard. In the 1830s
588:
of the rail, typically "one in forty" (or 1.4 degrees ). The top surface of the plate has one or two shoulders that fit against the edges of the base of the rail. The double-shoulder type is currently used. Older single-shoulder types were adaptable for various rail widths, with the single shoulder
425:
have also been used for fixing rails or chairs to sleepers. The fang bolt is a bolt inserted through a hole in the sleeper with a fanged nut that bites into the lower surface of the sleeper. For fastening flat-bottomed rails, an upper-lipped washer can be used to grip the edge of the rail. They are
200:
across the United States. The valuable rail fastening spike represented the merge of the
Central Pacific and Union Pacific railroads on May 10, 1869, at Promontory Summit, Utah Territory. The rail spike has entered American popular consciousness in this manner; the driving of the Golden Spike was a
636:
Rail anchors, also called anticreepers, are spring steel clips that attach to the underside of the rail baseplate and bear against the sides of the sleepers to prevent longitudinal movement of the rail, either from changes in temperature or through vibration. Anchors may be attached and removed
152:
also had holes in the rail itself; when stone block sleepers were used the nails were driven into a wooden block which had been inserted into a recess in the block. The first chair for a rail is thought to have been introduced in 1797 which attached to the rail on the vertical web via bolts.
347:
is functionally equivalent to a cut spike and is also square in horizontal section and of similar dimensions, but has a pointed penetrating end, and the rail (or "plate holding") head has two lugs on either side, giving the impression of a dog's head and aiding spike removal.
143:
The earliest wooden rails were fixed to wooden sleepers by pegs through holes in the rail, or by nails. By the 18th century, cast iron rails had come into use, and also had holes in the rail itself to allow them to be fixed to a support. 18th century developments such as the
482:
Manual hole drilling and spike or screw insertion and removal have been replaced by semi-automated or automated machines, which are driven electrically, by pneumatics, by hydraulics, or are powered by a two-stroke engine. Machines that remove spikes are called
529:) rails were introduced; both required cast-iron chairs to support them. Originally, iron keys were used to wedge the rail into the vertical parallel jaws of the chair; these were superseded by entirely wooden keys. The wooden keys were formed from
201:
key point in the development of the western seaboard in North
America and was recognized as a national achievement and demonstration of progress. Since, railroad workers have been celebrated in popular culture, including in song and verse.
1522:
Railway machinery: a treatise on the mechanical engineering of railways: embracing the principles and construction of rolling and fixed plant; illustrated by a series of plates on a large scale, and by numerous engravings on wood, Volume
258:
iron chairs to secure T-shaped rails; instead, Stevens added a supporting base to the T rail which could be fixed with a simple spike. In 1982, the spike was still the most common rail fastening in North
America. Common sizes are from
663:
180:
of a rounded 'I' or 'figure-8' appearance which still required a supporting chair. Eventually the flanged T rail became commonplace on all the world's railways, though differences in the fixing system still exist.
426:
more resistant to loosening by vibrations and movement of the rail. They are thought more effective than spikes and screws and so are used in positions such as switch (point) tieplates and on sharp curves.
589:
positioned on the outside (field side) of the rails. Most plates are slightly wider on the field side, without which the plates tend to cut more into the outsides of the tie, reducing cant angle.
543:
In most of the world, flat-bottomed rail and baseplates became the standard. However, in
Britain, bullhead rail-and-chairs remained in use until the middle of the twentieth century.
455:
are used with flat-bottomed rail, baseplates and wooden sleepers. The spring spike holds the rail down and prevents tipping and also secures the baseplate to the sleeper. The
620:
The newer
Pandrol fastclip is applied at right angles to the rail. Because the clip is captive, it has to be installed at the time of manufacture of the concrete sleeper.
718:
617:
fastener (Pandrol clip), named after its maker, which is shaped like a stubby paperclip. Another one is the
Vossloh Tension Clamp. Clips are an alternative to spikes.
327:" (a machine that removes spikes is called a "spike puller"). Splitting of the wood can be limited by pre-boring spike holes or adding steel bands around the wood.
1033:"Hay J.G., B.Sc, A.M.I.C.E., M.I.Struct.E. - Railway Sleepers and Fastenings on the South African Railways - Civil Engineer in South Africa, June 1962, p105"
316:
when attaching a rail to tie or tie plate the spike is not normally required to provide a strong vertical force, allowing the rail some freedom of movement.
628:
500:
514:, made of cast iron and introduced around 1800, were used to fix and support cast-iron rails at their ends; they were also used to join adjacent rails.
75:
730:
742:
169:
invented the flanged 'tee' rail (actually a distorted I beam), which had a flat bottom and required no chair; a similar design was the contemporary
193:
or the last spike, may be used to symbolize the start or the completion of an endeavor. These are less often silver or another precious material.
1767:
1501:
434:
173:(of inverted U section with a bottom flange and laid on longitudinal sleepers); these rails were initially nailed directly to the sleeper.
1736:
1434:
127:
are used to refer to parts or all of a rail fastening system. The components of a rail fastening system may also be known collectively as
176:
In North
American practice the flanged T rail became the standard, later being used with tie-plates. Elsewhere T rails were replaced by
1685:
1613:
1592:
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1085:
463:-like spike bent so that it appears M-shaped when viewed from the side. Inverted J-shaped single pointed spikes have also been used.
1664:
1643:
1478:
847:
611:
A variety of different types of heavy-duty clips are used to fasten the rails to the underlying baseplate, one common one being the
651:
2240:
910:
1210:
National
Research Council (U.S.). Railroad Research Information Service; United States. Federal Railroad Administration (1973).
691:
2265:
1167:
60:
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1963:
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Tie plates came into use around the year 1900, before which time flanged T rail was spiked directly to the ties.
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323:, though this manual work has been largely replaced by hydraulic tools and machines, commonly called "
2037:
1753:
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1884:
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196:
Historically, a ceremonial Golden Spike driven by Leland
Stanford connected the rails of the First
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2143:
2097:
2027:
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is a steel plate for centering and reinforcing the attachment point on the rail tracks between a
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479:, is a type of sledgehammer with a long thin head which was originally used to drive spikes.
319:
On smaller scale jobs, spikes are still driven into wooden sleepers by hammering them with a
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1384:
Our Iron Roads: Their
History, Construction and Influences: With numerous illustrations
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Origin and Development of the Railway Rail: English and American Wood, Iron and Steel
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used for automatic and synchronous tightening and loosening of rail fastenings
30:
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The part of the plate under the rail base is tapered, setting the inboard
17:
1980:
1798:
1677:
Railway Maintenance: The Men and Machines That Keep the Railroads Running
1086:"AJAX - Dog Screw Railway Fasteners for Rail Tracks With Timber Sleepers"
863:
537:
1002:
697:
613:
295:
1745:
826:
Origin and Development of the Railway Rail, G. P. Raidabaugh, pp.19-24
817:
Origin and Development of the Railway Rail, G. P. Raidabaugh, pp.14-19
225:
2062:
573:. The tie plate increases bearing area and holds the rail to correct
135:
for short. Various types of fastening have been used over the years.
108:
64:
808:
Origin and Development of the Railway Rail, G. P. Raidabaugh, pp.8-9
249:
with an offset head that is used to secure rails and base plates to
79:
Mabbett Railway Chair Manufacturing Company share certificate (1867)
1269:
Australian Railwayman: From Cadet Engineer to Railways Commissioner
1009:. ASTM International (American Society for Testing and Materials).
627:
593:
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600:, to fasten the tie plates (or baseplates) to the railroad ties.
335:
1749:
395:
The chair screw was first introduced in 1860 in France (French
530:
1473:. Longmans, Green and co. (reprint BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2008).
1656:
Railway Maintenance Engineering - With Notes on Construction
536:
Chairs have been fixed to the sleeper using wooden spikes (
1416:
1051:
Railroad engineering, Volume 1, William Walter Hay, pp.585
1160:
Schienenverkehrstechnik: Grundlagen der Gleistrassierung
1364:
1362:
1185:, p. 65, 5.10 Rail Fastenings, Baseplates and Pads
1216:. National Academies. 032978 Spring Steel Rail Spikes
637:
either by hand with hammers, or by an anchor machine.
1723:"Scalefour Society - Track Details in Photographs II"
1193:
1191:
34:
Elements of a baseplate-based rail fastening system
2213:
2131:
2026:
1872:
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1417:"Pandrol - Pandrol - The future of rail fastenings"
1218:(from Railway Gazette, Feb. 1948, Vol.88, pp.191-2)
338:A65 standard, for different carbon steel contents.
839:Long steel rail: the railroad in American folksong
762:, the bar that bolts two sections of rail together
1112:Railway Appliances, John Wolfe Barry, pp.53-54,73
1554:Ellis' British Railway Engineering Encyclopaedia
1540:Crandall, Charles Lee; Barnes, Fred Asa (1913).
1335:(2). Bonnier Corporation: 168–9. February 1956.
1325:"Mechanised section gang now lays railroad ties"
1213:Special bibliography: safety-related technology
1397:Railway Appliances, John Wolfe Barry, pp.43-51
1761:
8:
1305:(4). Hearst Magazines: 20–27. October 1945.
887:. H. Holt and company, New York. p. 23.
577:. It is fastened to wooden ties by means of
504:Cross section of early T rail, chair and key
1406:Railway Appliances, John Wolfe Barry, pp.71
408:is a tradename variant of the screw spike.
401:) and became common in continental Europe.
334:three basic standards are described in the
1768:
1754:
1746:
1353:
897:
793:
772:, descriptions of the entire track system.
1143:. Longmans, Green, and Co. pp. 224,
1535:. The Manchester Model Railway Society.
1281:
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1121:
1047:
1045:
1019:
989:
864:"October 18 - Today in Science History"
804:
802:
786:
657:Rail spike with baseplate above the tie
644:
459:(trade name) is a two-pronged U-shaped
292:to 6 inches (140 to 150 mm) long.
1705:Railway locomotives and cars, Volume 6
1608:. Tata McGraw-Hill. pp. 130–131.
1576:(1st ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
1435:"vossloh-fastening-systems.com - Home"
1254:
1072:
1060:
928:
926:
924:
1587:(2nd ed.). John Wiley and Sons.
1368:
1242:
1230:
1197:
581:or bolts through holes in the plate.
7:
1381:Williams, Frederick Smeaton (1852).
1271:. Rosenberg Publishing. p. 220.
967:"Spike Drivers | Stanley Hydraulic"
911:"The Rail Spike and The Locomotive"
278:inch (14 to 16 mm) square and
1734:a closeup view of Pandrol fastclip
1625:"Railroad Structure and Estimates"
69:"Spindle Precision Wrenching Unit"
27:Rail-tie/sleeper binding mechanism
25:
1638:. Kohn & Pollock, Baltimore.
540:), screws, fang-bolts or spikes.
517:In the 1830s rolled T-shaped (or
38:Screw for fixing plate to sleeper
1627:. J. Wiley & Sons, New York.
842:. University of Illinois Press.
836:Norm Cohen; David Cohen (2000).
748:Steel spring keyed rail in chair
741:
729:
717:
705:
690:
674:
662:
650:
1439:www.vosslo-fastening-systems.de
641:Gallery of rail fastening types
438:Spring spike fastener (German:
50:Tensioning bolt (nut not shown)
41:Elastomeric pad supporting rail
1584:Railroad engineering, Volume 1
1574:Railroad Engineering, Volume 1
1519:Clark, Daniel Kinnear (1855).
935:Railroad Engineering, Volume 1
669:Baseplate on multi-gauge track
519:single-flanged T parallel rail
189:A golden tie, also known as a
1:
1490:Practical Railway Engineering
1488:Bonnett, Clifford F. (2005).
1245:, p. 114, Elastic Spike.
1233:, p. 211, Macbeth Spike.
681:Track joint and chairs (with
1721:Keith Norgrove; et al.
1623:Orrock, John Wilson (1918).
1581:Hay, William Walter (1982).
1572:Hay, William Walter (1953).
1492:(2nd ed.). London, UK:
1162:. Teubner B.G. p. 283.
933:Hay, William Walter (1953).
870:. Robert Livingston Stevens.
712:Pandrol "fastclip" fastening
1659:. D. Van Nostrand Company.
1387:. Ingram. pp. 199–200.
1158:Wolfgang Schiemann (2002).
299:Railroad spikes of the old
2284:
1976:Transfer table (traverser)
1680:. MBI Publishing Company.
1467:Barry, John Wolfe (1876).
1090:www.railway-technology.com
884:Leading American inventors
185:Symbolism and significance
1964:ground-level power supply
1632:Raidabaugh, G.P. (1915).
1605:Railway Track Engineering
1295:"Workin' on the Railroad"
971:www.stanleyhydraulics.com
523:double-flanged T parallel
255:Robert Livingston Stevens
253:(sleepers) in the track.
198:Transcontinental Railroad
1653:Sellew, William (1915).
937:. John Wiley & Sons.
592:Many railways use large
1949:Railway electrification
1674:Solomon, Brian (2001).
1135:William Hemingway Mills
770:permanent way (history)
724:Tension clamp fastening
2266:Rail fastening systems
1602:Mundrey, J.S. (2000).
1533:"Modern Permanent Way"
1494:Imperial College Press
917:. Scientific American.
736:Bolt clamped fastening
633:
505:
443:
373:
361:
312:
301:Jezreel Valley railway
230:
222:
161:
80:
72:
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2088:Platform screen doors
1543:Railroad Construction
1531:Craig, Colin (2015).
631:
503:
437:
368:Chair screw (French:
367:
359:
298:
228:
217:
159:
87:is a means of fixing
85:rail fastening system
78:
63:
33:
2038:Anti-trespass panels
1729:. Scalefour Society.
1551:Ellis, Iain (2006).
1147:fig.331–334 (p.221).
1140:Railway Construction
881:George Iles (1912).
646:Rail fastening types
139:History and overview
129:other track material
1885:Classification yard
521:) and I-shaped (or
453:elastic rail spikes
2144:Motive power depot
2098:Signalling control
1739:2016-03-06 at the
1526:. Blackie and Son.
1470:Railway Appliances
1267:Ron Fitch (2006).
1257:, p. 215-216.
1124:, p. 156–157.
1075:, p. 161-163.
1063:, p. 188-204.
1037:www.journals.co.za
1022:, p. 130–131.
868:www.todayinsci.com
700:"e-Clip" fastening
634:
632:Rail anchor in use
506:
475:, also known as a
444:
374:
362:
360:Rusted chair screw
313:
231:
223:
218:Rusted cut spikes
162:
81:
73:
58:
2253:
2252:
1971:Railway turntable
1792:
1727:www.scalefour.org
1503:978-1-86094-515-1
1354:Raidabaugh (1915)
1299:Popular Mechanics
949:"railroad spikes"
898:Raidabaugh (1915)
794:Raidabaugh (1915)
423:rail anchor bolts
237:(also known as a
221:
220:(scale in inches)
205:Spikes and screws
167:Robert L. Stevens
160:Assembled example
150:fish bellied rail
16:(Redirected from
2273:
2148:Railway workshop
1864:Transition curve
1834:Fastening system
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2103:Structure gauge
2058:Defect detector
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1824:Clip and scotch
1814:Breather switch
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1741:Wayback Machine
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1697:Further reading
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2174:
2173:
2168:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2093:Railway signal
2090:
2085:
2080:
2078:Level crossing
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2034:
2032:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2003:Track geometry
2000:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1954:overhead lines
1946:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1905:Gauntlet track
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1849:Minimum radius
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1795:
1793:
1782:
1781:
1778:infrastructure
1775:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1731:
1715:
1714:External links
1712:
1711:
1710:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1687:978-0760309759
1686:
1671:
1665:
1650:
1644:
1629:
1620:
1615:978-0074637241
1614:
1599:
1594:978-0471364009
1593:
1578:
1569:
1564:978-1847286437
1563:
1548:
1546:. McGraw-Hill.
1537:
1528:
1516:
1502:
1485:
1479:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
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1426:
1408:
1399:
1390:
1373:
1371:, p. 280.
1358:
1346:
1316:
1286:
1282:Solomon (2001)
1274:
1259:
1247:
1235:
1223:
1202:
1187:
1183:Bonnett (2005)
1175:
1168:
1150:
1126:
1122:Mundrey (2000)
1114:
1105:
1077:
1065:
1053:
1041:
1024:
1020:Mundrey (2000)
1012:
994:
990:Solomon (2001)
982:
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902:
890:
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796:, p. 5-7.
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685:spanning ties)
680:
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642:
639:
625:
622:
608:
605:
596:, also called
567:flanged T rail
548:
545:
497:
494:
492:
489:
477:spiking hammer
468:
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431:
428:
413:
410:
390:spring washers
353:
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307:), found near
211:
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186:
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55:
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45:
44:Tension washer
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2139:Coaling tower
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2108:Signal bridge
2106:
2104:
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2089:
2086:
2084:
2083:Loading gauge
2081:
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2025:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
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2006:
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1999:
1996:
1992:
1991:refuge siding
1989:
1988:
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1984:
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1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
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1952:
1951:
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1937:tramway track
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1934:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1923:
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1918:
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1911:
1908:
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1666:9781445591773
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1645:9781408637654
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1480:9780559022982
1476:
1472:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1445:on 2008-05-12
1444:
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1296:
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1287:
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1263:
1260:
1256:
1255:Sellew (1915)
1251:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1176:
1171:
1165:
1161:
1154:
1151:
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1141:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1115:
1109:
1106:
1096:on 2014-05-31
1095:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1073:Sellew (1915)
1069:
1066:
1062:
1061:Orrock (1918)
1057:
1054:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1013:
1008:
1004:
998:
995:
991:
986:
983:
972:
968:
962:
959:
954:
953:www.sizes.com
950:
944:
941:
936:
929:
927:
925:
921:
916:
912:
906:
903:
900:, p. 20.
899:
894:
891:
886:
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869:
865:
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849:9780252068812
845:
841:
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829:
823:
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814:
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803:
799:
795:
790:
787:
781:
777:
776:Rail sabotage
774:
771:
767:
766:Permanent way
764:
761:
758:
757:
753:
744:
739:
732:
727:
720:
715:
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703:
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665:
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623:
621:
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587:
582:
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572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
555:
546:
544:
541:
539:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
515:
513:
512:
508:The earliest
502:
495:
491:Rail supports
490:
488:
486:
485:spike pullers
480:
478:
474:
466:
464:
462:
458:
457:Macbeth spike
454:
450:
449:
448:Spring spikes
441:
436:
430:Spring spikes
429:
427:
424:
420:
419:
411:
409:
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402:
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393:
391:
387:
386:
381:
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366:
358:
351:
349:
346:
345:
339:
337:
333:
332:United States
328:
326:
322:
317:
310:
306:
305:Hejaz Railway
303:(part of the
302:
297:
293:
256:
252:
251:railroad ties
248:
245:) is a large
244:
240:
236:
227:
216:
209:
204:
202:
199:
194:
192:
184:
182:
179:
174:
172:
168:
158:
154:
151:
147:
138:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
111:). The terms
110:
106:
102:
101:British Isles
98:
97:North America
94:
93:railroad ties
90:
86:
77:
70:
66:
62:
52:
49:
46:
43:
40:
37:
36:
32:
19:
2123:Wayside horn
2073:Interlocking
2053:Catch points
2013:Water trough
1915:Passing loop
1895:Pocket track
1880:Balloon loop
1844:Ladder track
1833:
1726:
1704:
1676:
1655:
1634:
1604:
1583:
1573:
1557:. Lulu.com.
1553:
1542:
1521:
1489:
1469:
1460:Bibliography
1447:. Retrieved
1443:the original
1438:
1429:
1420:
1411:
1402:
1393:
1383:
1376:
1369:Clark (1855)
1349:
1332:
1328:
1319:
1302:
1298:
1289:
1277:
1268:
1262:
1250:
1243:Ellis (2006)
1238:
1231:Ellis (2006)
1226:
1217:
1212:
1205:
1198:Craig (2015)
1178:
1159:
1153:
1144:
1139:
1129:
1117:
1108:
1098:, retrieved
1094:the original
1089:
1080:
1068:
1056:
1036:
1027:
1015:
1007:www.astm.org
1006:
997:
985:
974:. Retrieved
970:
961:
952:
943:
934:
914:
905:
893:
883:
876:
867:
858:
838:
831:
822:
813:
789:
635:
624:Rail anchors
619:
612:
610:
602:
597:
591:
583:
571:railroad tie
562:
558:
553:
552:
550:
542:
535:
526:
522:
518:
516:
510:
509:
507:
484:
481:
476:
470:
456:
452:
447:
446:
445:
439:
422:
417:
416:
415:
405:
403:
396:
394:
384:
383:
378:
377:
375:
369:
352:Chair screws
343:
342:
340:
329:
318:
314:
242:
238:
234:
232:
195:
191:golden spike
188:
175:
163:
146:flanged rail
142:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
113:rail anchors
112:
84:
82:
68:
2048:Buffer stop
2008:Water crane
1920:Track gauge
1859:Tie/Sleeper
594:wood screws
511:rail chairs
385:coach screw
379:chair screw
309:Kfar Baruch
210:Rail spikes
171:bridge rail
105:Australasia
2221:Industrial
2205:Water stop
2166:for trains
2158:Roundhouse
2132:Structures
2118:Train stop
2068:Guard rail
2043:Block post
2031:and safety
2028:Signalling
1959:third rail
1932:Rail track
1925:dual gauge
1809:Baulk road
1449:2009-04-11
1169:3519003635
1100:2014-06-05
976:2016-12-23
782:References
598:lag screws
563:sole plate
547:Tie plates
473:spike maul
440:Oberbau Hf
418:Fang bolts
412:Fang bolts
370:Tire-fonds
321:spike maul
235:rail spike
117:tie plates
67:pushing a
47:Rail clamp
18:Rail spike
2171:for goods
2113:Tell-tale
1944:Rail yard
1910:Guide bar
1890:Headshunt
1873:Trackwork
1839:Fishplate
1829:Date nail
1790:(history)
1512:443641662
1341:0161-7370
1311:0032-4558
760:Fishplate
683:fishplate
559:baseplate
554:tie plate
406:dog screw
398:tire-fond
344:dog spike
239:cut spike
229:Dog spike
53:Baseplate
2260:Category
2226:Military
2183:building
2153:Platform
2063:Derailer
1981:Roll way
1900:Junction
1799:Axe ties
1737:Archived
1719:Images:
1137:(1898).
754:See also
538:trenails
527:bullhead
311:(Israel)
2236:station
2231:Private
2178:Station
1854:Profile
1804:Ballast
698:Pandrol
614:Pandrol
325:spikers
287:⁄
273:⁄
263:⁄
243:crampon
1998:Switch
1986:Siding
1786:Tracks
1684:
1663:
1642:
1612:
1591:
1561:
1510:
1500:
1477:
1339:
1309:
1166:
846:
579:spikes
569:and a
496:Chairs
461:staple
121:chairs
109:Africa
107:, and
65:Unimog
2214:Types
2193:ghost
2188:clock
2162:Shed
1776:Rail
607:Clips
575:gauge
131:, or
89:rails
2241:list
2198:list
1819:Cant
1682:ISBN
1661:ISBN
1640:ISBN
1610:ISBN
1589:ISBN
1559:ISBN
1508:OCLC
1498:ISBN
1475:ISBN
1337:ISSN
1307:ISSN
1164:ISBN
1145:also
844:ISBN
768:and
586:cant
471:The
336:ASTM
247:nail
148:and
123:and
2018:Wye
1333:168
561:or
531:oak
525:or
451:or
421:or
268:to
241:or
133:OTM
91:to
2262::
1725:.
1506:.
1496:.
1437:.
1419:.
1361:^
1331:.
1327:.
1303:84
1301:.
1297:.
1190:^
1088:,
1044:^
1035:,
1005:.
969:.
951:.
923:^
913:.
866:.
801:^
557:,
551:A
487:.
404:A
392:.
376:A
341:A
275:16
271:10
265:16
233:A
119:,
115:,
103:,
83:A
2146:/
1769:e
1762:t
1755:v
1690:.
1669:.
1648:.
1618:.
1597:.
1567:.
1523:2
1514:.
1483:.
1452:.
1423:.
1343:.
1313:.
1220:.
1200:.
1172:.
979:.
955:.
852:.
442:)
372:)
289:2
285:1
282:+
280:5
261:9
95:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
