Knowledge (XXG)

Rail transport in Namibia

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The line to Lüderitz was rehabilitated in the 2010s and was scheduled for reopening in 2017. Test trains ran to Lüderitz in 2014 and Lüderitz Harbour in 2018. Currently (2023) the line is open and primarily used to carry mineral ore from South African mines to Luderitz from where it is shipped to
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The railway to Lüderitz is now complete and is now being evaluated for freight traffic use. The first test train to Luderitz Via Aus arrived on October 10, 2018. According to the Karas Region Chancellor Jan Scholtz, Passenger service to Luderitz will commence once it is determined that there is
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The German colonial railway was taken over by the Railways of South Africa after World War I, and linked into the network of South Africa. After the independence of Namibia, TransNamib took control of the national rail network that operates on
237:, said Africa needed to integrate its railway systems to form an internationally-competitive network. Experts said this could involve leasing locomotives and wagons, becoming involved as concessionaires and consultants, and participating in 1206:
was completed in 1906, and the extension to Seeheim was completed in 1908. The service between Aus and Lüderitz was decommissioned in 1997, due to poor track condition, and there is no regular passenger service between Seeheim and Aus.
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in July 2012. In order to keep system operational and safe, provincial governor Usko Nghaamwa implored local residents to stop stealing railroad ties and sections of the wire fence.
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is 69 kilometres (43 mi) long. The first 26 kilometres (16 mi) were completed under the German colonial administration in 1914/1915; the railway line was named
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between 1903 and 1906 to connect the mines at Tsumeb to the town of Swakopmund. In 1908 the line was extended by 91 kilometres (57 mi) to reach Grootfontein. The
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The Cape Cross line, 2 feet 6 inch gauge; 13 miles long, built by George Gale, General Foreman in the Harbour Department at Durban using 18 lbs per yard rails
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on the Angolan border at a cost of about N$ 329m, was scheduled to be completed by December 2007. Ondangwa Station opened in 2006 for freight.
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was completed in 1909. In 1912 the 500 kilometres (310 mi) connection between Karasburg and Windhoek was completed, and the extension to
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was constructed at an estimated cost of N$ 220m, for completion in December 2008. For the future a connection from Oshikango to a point near
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powers, but were not built to advance African interests. Plans were put into place to link the three parallel east-west lines in
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was completed in 1902. In 1914 an extension to Walvis Bay was commissioned; the rails were laid close to the shore of the
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Apart from a number of short rail connections built by mining companies, the following railway links are decommissioned:
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Plans to integrate the railways of Africa to facilitate trade were discussed at the Africa Rail conference in
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rail and port infrastructure indicated that the network should be promoted as the primary corridor serving
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Namibia has a history of more than 100 years of railway service. During the colonialisation by the
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between 1894 and 1915, a number of railways were built, of which some are still in service today.
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A Luxrailer inspection car passing Simplon station on its way from Seeheim to Aus (25 April 2017)
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Notes on railway construction during the 1914-15 campaign in German South-West Africa.
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and to connect the Angolan network to that of Namibia and hence to South Africa.
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sufficient demand for it, but for the time being it is not being considered.
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Several other 2 feet gauge branch lines to mines at Khan, Kalkfelt and Outjo
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is 318 kilometres (198 mi) long. The connection between Lüderitz and
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Luxury passenger train at Simplon (Between Sandverhaar and Goageb) in 2015
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is 201 kilometres (125 mi) long. The section between Kranzberg and
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in 1895. The first major railway project was started in 1897 when the
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The Walvis Bay Railway, 2 feet 6 inches gauge; about 11 miles long
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is 228 kilometres (142 mi) long and was completed in 1930.
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The remains of Simplon railway station, between Sandverhaar and
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is 328 kilometres (204 mi) long and was completed in 1906.
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is 210 kilometres (130 mi) long and was completed in 1902.
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The Ondangwa-Oshikango line was officially opened by President
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is 91 kilometres (57 mi) long and was completed in 1908.
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The German State Railways, 3 feet 6 inch gauge; 870 miles long
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In 2005, an 89 km section of new Northern Railway from
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Civil Engineering (Siviele Ingenieurswese), Vol 1916, No 1.
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is 869 kilometres (540 mi) long. The section between
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The German State Railways, 2 feet gauge; 120 miles long
2352:"Train arrives in Lüderitz on durability test mission" 2146:"Train arrives in Lüderitz on durability test mission" 2187: 2185: 1270:
Track from Swakopmund to Walvis Bay covered by sand
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"At last". 295: 270: 256: 2377:"Hey !Nami#nus Constituency, what's #nu?" 2052: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2026: 1931:Recommissioning of the Aus-Lüderitz Line 186:New Partnership for Africa's Development 17: 2125:The Fifth Annual Africa Rail Conference 2123:Department of Transport - South Africa 2010: 1505: 1213: 253: 1572:In phase 3, a 58 km branch from 1439:in reference to the territory of the 7: 63:History of rail transport in Namibia 1684:) gauge. The first railway line in 233:South Africa's transport minister, 2270:. Berkeley, Calif.: Howell-North. 1359:(South Africa) was built in 1915. 195:The railways were built by former 14: 2311:Kaira, Chamwe (6 November 2009). 2168:Ministry of Trade & Industry 2086:, "The German Period 1895–1915", 3025:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 2795:Democratic Republic of the Congo 2445: 2375:Reporter, New Era (2019-06-03). 2350:Abraham, Tuulikki (2018-10-19). 2144:Abraham, Tuulikki (2018-10-19). 1978: 1964: 1884: 1871: 1859: 1846: 1839: 1738:Otavi Mining and Railway Company 1647: 1640: 1532: 1520: 1508: 1383: 1376: 1364: 1322: 1306: 1263: 1251: 1236: 1216: 946: 879: 857: 850: 825: 818: 791: 784: 765: 740: 733: 708: 701: 679: 672: 650: 643: 618: 611: 586: 579: 552: 545: 523: 501: 482: 475: 450: 428: 421: 399: 392: 370: 348: 326: 304: 117:Otavi Mining and Railway Company 1736:) private railway built by the 673: 393: 2410:First railway lines in Namibia 1769:119 kilometres (74 mi) a 880: 553: 483: 476: 429: 422: 400: 1: 1710:567 kilometres (352 mi) 1588:'s southern railway system. 1329:Train near Kolmanskop in 2019 947: 851: 792: 785: 741: 680: 644: 546: 305: 206:The strategic positioning of 2266:Little Railways of the World 220:Democratic Republic of Congo 1999:Railway stations in Namibia 1802:26 kilometres (16 mi) 1691:18 kilometres (11 mi) 1672:20 kilometres (12 mi) 1602:- junction for Grootfontein 1179:- junction for Grootfontein 858: 826: 819: 766: 734: 709: 702: 651: 619: 612: 587: 580: 524: 502: 451: 371: 349: 327: 3145: 2262:Shaw, Frederic J. (1958). 2179:Retrieved on June 29, 2007 2170:Northern Railway Extension 1791:) industrial line linking 60: 22:Railway network of Namibia 3129:Rail transport in Namibia 2726:Rail transport in Africa 2134:Retrieved on May 20, 2007 955: 914: 888: 873: 866: 841: 834: 809: 800: 778: 774: 756: 749: 724: 717: 692: 688: 666: 659: 634: 627: 602: 595: 570: 561: 539: 532: 517: 510: 495: 491: 466: 459: 444: 437: 415: 408: 386: 379: 364: 357: 342: 335: 320: 313: 298: 105:German Colonial Authority 2780:Central African Republic 2294:"TRANS-KALAHARI RAILWAY" 1824:Trans-Kalahari Coal Line 1656:- border post - current 1557:was opened by President 984:3 ft 6 in 161:3 ft 6 in 94:German South West Africa 1674:Cape Cross Mine Railway 1539:Gobabis railway station 1527:Gobabis railway station 1515:Gobabis railway station 1025:- proposed cement works 172:African Rail Conference 1819:Proposed Railway Lines 1664:Historic Railway Lines 1468:The railway line from 1427:The railway line from 1339:The railway line from 1194:The railway line from 1164:The railway line from 1110:The railway line from 1048:The railway line from 999:The railway line from 84: 31: 23: 2940:São Tomé and Príncipe 2800:Republic of the Congo 2666:Keetmanshoop-Lüderitz 2333:"ZAMBIA-NAMIBIA LINK" 2193:"ANGOLA-NAMIBIA LINK" 2064:. www.klausdierks.com 1290:22.78806°S 14.58889°E 245:Current Railway Lines 226:, and South Africa's 70: 29: 21: 1994:Transport in Namibia 1483:- capital - junction 1450:- junction for Outjo 1418:- capital - junction 1150:- junction for Outjo 1044:Kranzberg-Walvis Bay 1014:- capital - junction 3015:States with limited 2535:Windhoek-Walvis Bay 1905:Zambia-Namibia link 1688:, built in 1895/96. 1593:Hifikepunye Pohamba 1295:-22.78806; 14.58889 1286: /  2511:Northern Extension 2404:TransNamib website 2337:railwaysafrica.com 2298:railwaysafrica.com 2197:railwaysafrica.com 2175:2009-01-01 at the 2130:2007-09-28 at the 1693:Walvis Bay Railway 1211:foreign markets. 1185:- branch terminus. 1160:Otavi-Grootfontein 995:Windhoek-Kranzberg 85: 32: 24: 3116: 3115: 3042:other territories 2815:Equatorial Guinea 2692: 2691: 2602:Windhoek-Upington 2318:Namibia Economist 2019:Simplon (Namibia) 1686:South West Africa 1423:Otjiwarongo-Outjo 979: 978: 975: 974: 937: 936: 908: 907: 88:Early development 3136: 3103: 3102:(United Kingdom) 3098:Tristan da Cunha 3094:Ascension Island 3086: 3073: 3064: 3040:Dependencies and 2733:Sovereign states 2719: 2712: 2705: 2696: 2573:Windhoek-Gobabis 2453: 2449: 2439: 2432: 2425: 2416: 2391: 2390: 2388: 2387: 2372: 2366: 2365: 2363: 2362: 2347: 2341: 2340: 2329: 2323: 2322: 2308: 2302: 2301: 2290: 2284: 2283: 2269: 2259: 2253: 2252: 2242: 2236: 2230: 2224: 2218: 2212: 2211: 2209: 2208: 2199:. 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2664: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2637:Keetmanshoop 2635: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2607: 2606: 2604: 2600: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2577: 2575: 2571: 2565: 2562: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2539: 2537: 2533: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2515: 2513: 2509: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2464: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2448: 2440: 2435: 2433: 2428: 2426: 2421: 2420: 2417: 2411: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2401: 2397: 2382: 2378: 2371: 2368: 2357: 2353: 2346: 2343: 2338: 2334: 2328: 2325: 2320: 2319: 2314: 2307: 2304: 2299: 2295: 2289: 2286: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2268: 2267: 2258: 2255: 2250: 2249: 2241: 2238: 2234: 2229: 2226: 2223:(9 July 2012) 2222: 2217: 2214: 2203:on 2014-10-23 2202: 2198: 2194: 2188: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2171: 2165: 2162: 2151: 2147: 2140: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2126: 2120: 2117: 2113: 2112: 2108:A.J. Beaton: 2105: 2102: 2091: 2090: 2085: 2084:Dierks, Klaus 2079: 2076: 2063: 2059: 2058:Dierks, Klaus 2053: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2027: 2023: 2020: 2014: 2011: 2004: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1991: 1987: 1986:Africa portal 1976: 1973: 1972:Trains portal 1967: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1938: 1937: 1930: 1925: 1924:Zambezi River 1921: 1920:Caprivi Strip 1917: 1916: 1913: 1909: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1855:- border post 1854: 1849: 1842: 1837: 1835: 1831: 1828: 1827: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1798: 1794: 1768: 1743: 1739: 1713: 1709: 1706: 1694: 1690: 1687: 1675: 1671: 1670: 1669: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1650: 1643: 1638: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1597: 1596: 1594: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1570: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1544: 1535: 1530: 1523: 1518: 1511: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1478: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1445: 1444: 1442: 1441:Ovambo people 1438: 1434: 1430: 1422: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1386: 1379: 1374: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1361: 1360: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1334: 1325: 1320: 1316: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1266: 1261: 1254: 1249: 1246: 1239: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1223:Train on the 1219: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1189: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1173: 1171: 1167: 1159: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1121: 1120: 1119: 1117: 1113: 1105: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1067: 1066: 1065: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1043: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1009: 1008: 1006: 1002: 994: 992: 989:1,067 mm 986: 971: 969: 967: 965: 963: 961: 959: 958: 953: 944: 942: 939: 933: 929: 928: 925: 921: 920: 913: 904: 901: 900: 897: 894: 893: 886: 877: 875: 872: 869: 864: 848: 846: 844: 840: 837: 832: 816: 814: 812: 808: 804: 798: 782: 780: 777: 772: 763: 761: 759: 755: 752: 747: 731: 729: 727: 723: 720: 715: 699: 697: 695: 691: 686: 670: 668: 665: 662: 657: 641: 639: 637: 633: 630: 625: 609: 607: 605: 601: 598: 593: 577: 575: 573: 569: 565: 559: 543: 541: 538: 535: 530: 521: 519: 516: 513: 508: 499: 497: 494: 489: 473: 471: 469: 465: 462: 457: 448: 446: 443: 440: 435: 419: 417: 414: 411: 406: 390: 388: 385: 382: 377: 368: 366: 363: 360: 355: 346: 344: 341: 338: 333: 324: 322: 319: 316: 311: 302: 300: 297: 294: 293: 289: 285: 284: 273: 268: 266: 261: 259: 254: 251: 250: 244: 242: 240: 236: 231: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 204: 202: 198: 193: 191: 187: 183: 179: 171: 169: 166:1,067 mm 163: 152: 149: 146: 143: 140: 137: 136: 135: 132: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 95: 87: 82: 78: 74: 69: 64: 56: 54: 52: 51:German Empire 47: 45: 41: 37: 28: 20: 16: 3090:Saint Helena 3061:   2965:South Africa 2955:Sierra Leone 2919: 2760:Burkina Faso 2672:Keetmanshoop 2384:. Retrieved 2381:New Era Live 2380: 2370: 2359:. Retrieved 2356:New Era Live 2355: 2345: 2336: 2327: 2316: 2306: 2297: 2288: 2265: 2257: 2248:The Namibian 2246: 2240: 2228: 2216: 2205:. Retrieved 2201:the original 2196: 2164: 2153:. Retrieved 2149: 2139: 2119: 2110: 2104: 2093:, retrieved 2088: 2078: 2066:. Retrieved 2013: 1934: 1912:Grootfontein 1814:, 1914-1915. 1803: 1741: 1711: 1692: 1673: 1667: 1619:road bridge. 1590: 1571: 1548: 1467: 1436: 1426: 1401:Keetmanshoop 1353:Keetmanshoop 1338: 1209: 1193: 1183:Grootfontein 1170:Grootfontein 1163: 1109: 1047: 998: 980: 916: 909: border 903:South Africa 803:Seeheim Jct. 758:Keetmanshoop 439:Grootfontein 235:Abdulah Omar 232: 205: 194: 182:South Africa 178:Johannesburg 175: 156: 133: 131:in 1907/08. 129:Grootfontein 91: 81:Keetmanshoop 75:locomotives 48: 36:rail service 33: 15: 3017:recognition 2970:South Sudan 2860:Ivory Coast 2492:Otjiwarongo 2235:2014/5 p11. 1808:Otjiwarongo 1771:600 mm 1746:600 mm 1716:600 mm 1697:610 mm 1678:610 mm 1448:Otjiwarongo 1429:Otjiwarongo 1293: / 1281:014°35′20″E 1190:Seeheim-Aus 1148:Otjiwarongo 1125:- junction 1071:- junction 1031:- junction 512:Otjiwarongo 3072:(Portugal) 3030:Somaliland 2950:Seychelles 2915:Mozambique 2900:Mauritania 2885:Madagascar 2840:The Gambia 2775:Cape Verde 2564:Walvis Bay 2559:Swakopmund 2386:2019-06-16 2361:2019-06-16 2207:2014-10-23 2155:2021-04-06 2068:6 November 2005:References 1918:Along the 1897:- current 1832:- current 1793:Kolmanskop 1613:- junction 1559:Sam Nujoma 1315:Kolmanskop 1278:22°47′17″S 1229:Walvis Bay 1225:Swakopmund 1099:Walvis Bay 1094:Swakopmund 1058:Swakopmund 1054:Walvis Bay 636:Walvis Bay 604:Swakopmund 279:TransNamib 230:province. 228:Mpumalanga 109:Swakopmund 101:Cape Cross 73:TransNamib 44:TransNamib 2905:Mauritius 2652:Karasburg 2617:Mariental 2550:Kranzberg 2544:Okahandja 2526:Oshikango 2482:Kranzberg 2472:Okahandja 1946:Grasplatz 1910:Zambia - 1878:Mmamabula 1797:Bogenfels 1742:Otavibahn 1712:Otavibahn 1701:2 ft 1682:2 ft 1654:Oshikango 1628:Namacunde 1567:Oshikango 1499:- branch 1396:Karasburg 1349:Karasburg 1123:Kranzberg 1112:Kranzberg 1069:Kranzberg 1050:Kranzberg 1029:Kranzberg 1018:Okahandja 1005:Kranzberg 836:Karasburg 726:Mariental 629:Okahandja 315:Oshikango 3123:Category 3096: / 3092: / 3085:(France) 3079: / 3057: / 3053: / 3005:Zimbabwe 2980:Tanzania 2830:Ethiopia 2825:Eswatini 2805:Djibouti 2770:Cameroon 2755:Botswana 2684:Lüderitz 2657:Upington 2612:Rehoboth 2608:Windhoek 2579:Windhoek 2541:Windhoek 2521:Ondangwa 2467:Windhoek 2173:Archived 2128:Archived 1958:See also 1951:Lüderitz 1899:railhead 1895:Botswana 1853:Buitepos 1834:railhead 1789: in 1764: in 1734: in 1658:railhead 1633:Oshakati 1611:Ondangwa 1582:Cassinga 1578:Oshakati 1574:Ondangwa 1563:Ondangwa 1555:Oshivelo 1501:railhead 1481:Windhoek 1470:Windhoek 1458:railhead 1416:Windhoek 1411:Rehoboth 1371:Upington 1357:Upington 1345:Windhoek 1200:Lüderitz 1142:Kalkfeld 1131:Windhoek 1077:Windhoek 1037:Windhoek 1012:Windhoek 1001:Windhoek 924:Upington 843:Lüderitz 694:Rehoboth 661:Windhoek 381:Oshivelo 359:Omuthiya 337:Ondangwa 224:Eswatini 212:Zimbabwe 197:colonial 113:Windhoek 3081:Réunion 3077:Mayotte 3068:Madeira 3063:(Spain) 3059:Melilla 2990:Tunisia 2960:Somalia 2945:Senegal 2930:Nigeria 2920:Namibia 2910:Morocco 2875:Liberia 2870:Lesotho 2820:Eritrea 2790:Comoros 2765:Burundi 2740:Algeria 2675:Seeheim 2642:Seeheim 2593:Gobabis 2588:Omitara 2583:Neudamm 2547:Karibib 2487:Omaruru 2477:Karibib 2150:New Era 1891:Lobatse 1830:Gobabis 1784:⁄ 1759:⁄ 1729:⁄ 1705:Rooikop 1623:Onjdiva 1497:Gobabis 1492:Omitara 1487:Neudamm 1474:Gobabis 1196:Seeheim 1137:Omaruru 1088:Arandis 1023:Karibib 896:Namibia 751:Gobabis 719:Witvlei 597:Karibib 534:Omaruru 57:History 40:Namibia 3100:  3083:  3070:  3000:Zambia 2995:Uganda 2935:Rwanda 2890:Malawi 2850:Guinea 2745:Angola 2647:Grünau 2622:Gibeon 2554:Usakos 2517:Tsumeb 2502:Tsumeb 2280:988744 2278:  2095:3 July 1953:- port 1866:Mamuno 1617:Oniipa 1606:Tsumeb 1586:Angola 1551:Tsumeb 1392:border 1245:Goageb 1231:route 1127:Tsumeb 1101:- port 1083:Usakos 1073:Tsumeb 1033:Tsumeb 932:De Aar 930:& 572:Usakos 410:Tsumeb 288:Legend 216:Zambia 208:Maputo 201:Angola 121:Tsumeb 97:'s 3055:Ceuta 2975:Sudan 2925:Niger 2880:Libya 2865:Kenya 2845:Ghana 2835:Gabon 2810:Egypt 2750:Benin 2497:Otavi 2272:37–38 1812:Outjo 1795:with 1600:Otavi 1454:Outjo 1433:Outjo 1390:Nakop 1341:Nakop 1177:Otavi 1166:Otavi 1154:Otavi 1116:Otavi 938: 917: 890: 868:Nakop 468:Outjo 461:Otavi 190:NEPAD 125:Otavi 2985:Togo 2895:Mali 2785:Chad 2632:Tses 2627:Asab 2276:OCLC 2097:2007 2070:2012 1714:, a 1406:Tses 1351:and 123:via 34:The 2679:Aus 1941:Aus 1576:to 1565:to 1553:to 1472:to 1431:to 1343:to 1204:Aus 1198:to 1168:to 1114:to 1052:to 1003:to 991:). 922:to 811:Aus 168:). 111:to 79:in 38:in 3125:: 2379:. 2354:. 2335:. 2315:. 2296:. 2274:. 2195:. 2184:^ 2148:. 2060:. 2025:^ 1893:, 1810:- 1806:, 1777:11 1752:11 1722:11 1695:, 1676:, 1456:- 1129:v 1075:v 1035:v 241:. 222:, 218:, 214:, 180:, 71:A 2718:e 2711:t 2704:v 2438:e 2431:t 2424:v 2389:. 2364:. 2339:. 2321:. 2300:. 2282:. 2251:. 2210:. 2158:. 2072:. 1786:8 1782:5 1779:+ 1773:( 1761:8 1757:5 1754:+ 1748:( 1731:8 1727:5 1724:+ 1718:( 1707:. 1699:( 1680:( 1227:- 1133:. 1079:. 1039:. 987:( 271:e 264:t 257:v 188:( 164:( 83:.

Index



rail service
Namibia
TransNamib
German Empire
History of rail transport in Namibia

TransNamib
SAR Class 33-400
Keetmanshoop
German South West Africa
Cape Cross
German Colonial Authority
Swakopmund
Windhoek
Otavi Mining and Railway Company
Tsumeb
Otavi
Grootfontein
3 ft 6 in
Johannesburg
South Africa
New Partnership for Africa's Development
NEPAD
colonial
Angola
Maputo
Zimbabwe
Zambia

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