188:
121:
396:, Muslims were surrounded and were denied water supply and food. The Muslims in Talab Khatikan area had joined to defend themselves with the arms they could gather, who later received support from the Muslim Conference. They were eventually asked to surrender and the administration asked them to go to Pakistan for their safety. These Muslims and others who wanted to go to Sialkot, in thousands, were loaded in numerous trucks and were escorted by the troops in the first week of November. When they reached the outskirts of the city, they were pulled out and killed by armed Sikhs and RSS men, while abducting the women.
598:
included the town's residents as well as those displaced from the surrounding countryside. Some Hindus were able to escape, while others were sheltered by sympathetic
Muslims. Mass suicides and killings, including by beheading or poisoning, occurred among women, sometimes at the hands of men in their family. These were the result of fears that they would be sexually abused by the raiders. The capture of Rajouri from the raiders is commemorated on 13 April, and a monument was erected to honour the incident in the town.
1499:, p. 64: "Hari Singh, it may be said to his credit, was a liberal-minded ruler when he ascended the throne and remained so till 1931 when to his great misfortune, the political awakening among Muslims touched great heights and led to the demand for responsible government... Hari Singh was prepared to be liberal; he was prepared to give better treatment to his Muslim subjects than they had received before, but he was not prepared for radical political reforms."
775:
545:, which said that 200,000 Muslims went as refugees to Pakistan in October–November 1947. An unidentified organisation in Pakistan counted refugees from Jammu and Kashmir during May–July 1949, and found 333,964 refugees from the Indian-held parts of the state. Of these, an estimated 100,000 refugees returned to their homes in 1949–1950, leaving an estimated 233,964 refugees in Pakistan. Based on the electoral rolls of
1696:, p. 19: " Scott, in fact, pointed out in his report to London that Kashmir had remained free of communal trouble despite the fact that the state troops had escorted 100,000 Muslims through Jammu territory on their way to Pakistan, an equal number of Sikhs and Hindus going the other way and that Poonch had become a temporary place of refuge for around 60,000 refugees, mainly Hindus and Sikhs from west Punjab.".
2115:, p. 133: "In the 1970 elections for A.K. President as well as the Legislative Assembly, the number of voters from Jammu province, residing in Pakistan, was 2,29,152. The population percentage of voters for Pakistan elections which were held in the same year was about 50%. It would take the population figures of Jammu refugees in Pakistan in 1970 to about five lakhs."
449:"To recall those days of communal orgy my only objective is to point out that a communalist and killer has no religion. It was the humanity that was the victim of communal fanatics... we should better learn appropriate lessons from history and not allow the communal fanatics of one or the other community to vitiate the atmosphere and disturb communal peace and harmony."
2103:, p. 481: "Towards the middle of 1949, a movement for return started on a small scale which gained momentum by the end of 1950. A fair estimate of the returnees is about a hundred thousand. Sheikh Abdullah's Government re-settled them on their abandoned properties, advanced taqqavi loans and appointed a special staff to look after their problems."
292:, Chief of Staff, and Richard Powell, Inspector General of Police). After they stepped down, they were replaced by 'Hindu officers', according to British reports. The Jammu Brigade and the Jammu police were still headed by Muslim officers (Brigadier Khuda Baksh, commanding the Jammu Brigade, and Mian Abdul Rashid, Senior Superintendent of Police).
379:
ammunition to the rioters. The administration had demobilised many Muslim soldiers in the state army and had discharged Muslim police officers. Most of the
Muslims outside the Muslim dominated areas were killed by the communal rioters who moved in vehicles with arms and ammunition, though the city was officially put under curfew. Many
473:(RSS) who were joined by the refugees from West Pakistan, and were supported strongly by Hari Singh and his administration with a main aim to change the demographic composition of Jammu region and ensure a non-Muslim majority. Bhasin states, the riots were "clearly" planned by the activists of RSS. Observers have noted that the
597:
Rajouri was held by the "Azad
Kashmir forces", or rebels from Poonch, and the raiders, until April 1948, when the town was taken by the Indian armed forces. The town was surrounded by Muslim mobs who carried out extensive killings, loot and rapes of Hindu residents. The Hindus facing this persecution
1052:
These figures are notional. They represent the number of
Muslims lost to the state, due to either deaths or out-migration, so that the 2011 demographic percentage could have been obtained. It is derived by multiplying the 1941 population figure by the factor (1941 percentage – 2011 percentage)/(100
1022:
The number of 237,000 was out of 411,000 Muslims said to have lived in the 'eastern Jammu' province. No calculations for the exact figure were given and the figure was not broken down into deaths and escapes. The 'Special
Correspondent' that authored the report is later identified as Frederick Paul
504:
jointly commissioned by the governments of India and
Pakistan investigated seven major incidents of violence between 20 October – 9 November 1947, estimating 70,000 deaths. Scholar Ian Copland estimated total deaths to be around 80,000, while Ved Bhasin estimated them to be around 100,000. Scholar
992:
who told a delegation of Hindus who met him in the palace when he arrived in Jammu that now when the power is being transferred to the people they should better demand parity. When one of them associated with
National Conference asked how can they demand parity when there is so much difference in
378:
attacked various villages of Jammu district—Amrey, Cheak, Atmapur and
Kochpura—and after killing some Muslims, looted their possessions and set their houses on fire. There was mass killing of Muslims in and around Jammu city. The state troops led the attacks. The state officials provided arms and
465:
commented on the situation in Jammu on 25 December 1947 in his speech at a prayer meeting in New Delhi: "The Hindus and Sikhs of Jammu and those who had gone there from outside killed
Muslims. The Maharaja of Kashmir is responsible for what is happening there…A large number of Muslims have been
782:
Scholar Ian
Copland tries to estimate how many Muslims might have been killed in the Jammu violence based on demographic data. If the headcount figure of 333,964 refugees from the Indian-administered parts of the state is used to calculate an estimate, one ends up with a surplus rather than a
1396:
Eventually they agreed on a modified resolution which 'respectfully and fervently appealed to the Maharaja Bahadur to declare internal autonomy of the State... and accede to the Dominion of Pakistan... However, the General Council did not challenge the maharaja's right to take a decision on
1573:: A State government press release dated 16 October 1947 stated, "The State has already exposed the canard that the army in Jammu consisted only of Sikhs and Dogras by pointing out that the force is mixed in composition and commanded by Brigadier Khuda Baksh."
383:
men and women who used to supply milk to the city from the surrounding villages were reportedly massacred en route. It is said that the Ramnagar reserve in Jammu was littered with the dead bodies of Gujjar men, women and children. In the Muslim localities of
1511:, p. 91: "The Maharaja had always appeared to be free from religious prejudices. He was close to his Muslim courtiers especially Nawab Khusro Jung, Abdul Rahman Afandi and Sahibzada Noor Mohammad. But things took a drastic turn at the time when the
1011:"237,000 Muslims were systematically exterminated – unless they escaped to Pakistan along the border – by the forces of the Dogra State headed by the Maharaja in person and aided by Hindus and Sikhs. This happened in October 1947, five days before the
577:. The rebels took control of most of the countryside in these districts by the end of the month, driving non-Muslims to seek shelter in towns where the State troops were garrisoned. Beginning on 24 October, the towns themselves fell to the rebels:
327:
started arriving in Jammu, bringing "harrowing stories of Muslim atrocities in West Punjab". According to scholar Ilyas Chattha, this eventually provoked counter-violence on Jammu Muslims, which had "many parallels with that in Sialkot". Scholar
1053:– 2011 percentage). If there was in-migration of Muslims or if the Muslim population grew at faster rate than the rest, these figures would be underestimates. If there was in-migration of non-Muslims, these figures would be overestimates.
1585:, p. 92: "One day when I came back from my morning prayers, I was told at home that Mian Aziz, brother of Mian Abdul Rashid, Senior Superintendent of Police, Jammu had come to my house and left a message for me to see him."
295:
From June 1946 onwards, the Muslim Conference is reported to have tightened its connections with Pakistan's Muslim League, importing its leaders into the state and starting to train 'National Guards'. Its new leaders
252:
in Pakistani Punjab, Ibrahim's rebels attempted to purchase arms and ammunition in NWFP and smuggled them into Jammu and Kashmir. Meanwhile, the Maharaja was informed of 400 armed Muslims who had infiltrated from
1531:, pp. 54–55: "Two-fifths of his state forces and the majority of his police were Muslims. The Chief of Staff--the second in command--of the state forces was a Muslim, as was the chief of police in Jammu."
1176:, p. 254 (citation 119): "... the census reveals that the Muslim population of Jammu dropped (as a result of emigration, genocide and other factors) from 61 per cent to 38 per cent between 1941 and 1961."
354:
Some observers state that a main aim of Hari Singh and his administration was to alter the demographics of the region by eliminating the Muslim population, in order to ensure a Hindu majority in the region.
787:
estimates that 100,000 Jammu refugees returned to their homes in 1949–1950. If we deduct this 100,000 from the original headcount figure, the estimate of Muslims killed would be a few tens of thousands.
622:
writes of unverifiable allegations that 20,000 non-Muslims were killed on and shortly after 25 November in Mirpur, and a further 2500 were abducted. In the district of Mirpur and nearby regions of
1127:
on 2 January 1951. Scholar Ilyas Chattha has claimed that over 1 million Muslims were uprooted owing to the violence. Evidently, such high figures are not supported by the demographic data.
167:(RSS) played a key role in planning and executing the riots. An estimated 20,000–100,000 Muslims were massacred. Subsequently, many non-Muslims were massacred by Pakistani tribesmen, in the
304:
for president) were "working up anti-Hindu sentiments under the guise of uniting all Muslims", according to the British Resident in Kashmir. The Resident also reported that, in March 1947,
526:
Ian Stephens claimed that 500,000 Muslims, "the entire Muslim element of the population", was eliminated and 200,000 "just disappeared". Scholar Ian Copland finds these figures dubious.
221:
of Jammu and Kashmir, indicated his preference to remain independent of the new dominions. All the major political groups of the state supported the Maharaja's decision, except for the
225:, which declared in favour of accession to Pakistan on 19 July 1947. The Muslim Conference was popular among Muslims in the Jammu province of the state. It was closely allied with the
3081:
3396:
2294:: "By 1951, of the former approximately 114,000 non-Muslims who in 1941 had lived in areas that later came to comprise Azad Kashmir... only a paltry 790 non-Muslims remained."
3361:
2953:
2926:
2921:
2894:
2830:
2777:
335:
During August–September 1947, roughly 100,000 Muslims from East Punjab and an equal number of non-Muslims from West Punjab were safely escorted through Jammu by
332:
states that, though the arrival of refugees caused considerable unease in Jammu, the city remained free of communal disturbances till the end of September 1947.
3371:
570:
347:
According to scholar Ian Copland, the Jammu and Kashmir administration carried out a pogrom against its Muslim subjects in Jammu partly out of revenge for the
260:
On 12 September 1947, then prime minister and defence minister of Pakistan Liaquat Ali Khan approved two plans for an invasion of Kashmir prepared by Colonel
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
1016:
3386:
2880:
2805:
2916:
2890:
791:
The table below compares the 1941 percentage of 'Hindu & Sikh' population (H/S population) with that in 1951 for the areas of Pakistan-administered
2401:
Partition and Its Aftermath: Violence, Migration and the Role of Refugees in the Socio-Economic Development of Gujranwala and Sialkot Cities, 1947–1961
1606:(a) whether it is a fact that Ex-Inspector General of Police of Jammu and Kashmir State has migrated to Pakistan and his name is Mian Abdul Rashid; and
2989:
2911:
993:
population ratio. Pointing to the Ramnagar rakh below, where some bodies of Muslims were still lying he said “the population ratio too can change”.
3431:
3356:
362:
blame the mishandling of law and order by Maharaja Hari Singh and his armed forces in Jammu, for the large scale communal violence in the region.
222:
3376:
3324:
489:
3197:
3411:
3391:
2760:
2739:
2652:
2567:
2547:
2523:
2502:
2458:
2389:
2368:
3406:
3401:
312:) sent his agents to prepare the people for a 'holy crusade' to be carried out by frontier tribes soon after the departure of the British.
120:
2855:
964:
According to the accounts of refugees, the Maharaja was "in person commanding all the forces which were ethnically cleansing the Muslims".
3045:
574:
187:
561:
began an agitation against taxes in mid-1947, which escalated into an armed rebellion against Hari Singh's government, and expanded to
488:
and the governor of Jammu, Lala Chet Ram Chopra, and that some of those who led these riots in Udhampur and Bhaderwah later joined the
3319:
3309:
3202:
3019:
2718:
634:
The table below compares the 1941 percentage of Muslim population with the present percentage for the Indian-administered part of the
288:
and over half of its police force was Muslim. Both the army and police were headed by British officers until 3 October (Major General
195:
141:
125:
53:
626:, Hindu and Sikh women were also raped and abducted. November 25 is now commemorated as "Mirpur Day" in Indian-administered Kashmir.
3261:
3071:
2847:
2631:
2481:
2431:
2322:
1952:
1925:
1898:
1847:
918:
1043:
man, too, seems to have harboured Pakistani sympathies and, more importantly, offers no clues as to the source of his information."
3299:
2835:
2825:
923:
520:, published on 10 August 1948, stated that a total of 237,000 Muslims were either killed or migrated to Pakistan. The editor of
3282:
795:(comprising 89 per cent of the Mirpur District, 60 per cent of the Poonch Jagir and 87 per cent of the Muzaffarabad District).
2675:(2001). "What happened to Muslims in Jammu? Local identity, '"the massacre" of 1947' and the roots of the 'Kashmir problem'".
1154:
Mirpur and Poonch were part of the Jammu province in the princely state whereas Muzaffarabad was part of the Kashmir province.
3436:
3416:
3287:
3147:
2798:
336:
285:
261:
241:
3421:
3091:
2941:
2360:
Rethinking Conflict at the Margins: Dalits and Borderland Hindus in Jammu and Kashmir: Going Beyond the Dominant Discourse
157:
3040:
2885:
309:
257:
for the purpose of terrorising Hindu and Sikh minorities. Pakistan was informed and urged to control the infiltration.
3426:
3381:
3248:
3182:
470:
371:
164:
2034:
500:
An early official calculation made in Pakistan, using headcount data, estimated 50,000 Muslims killed. A team of two
1027:, who worked as a Deputy Secretary for the Pakistan government during 1948–49 "specialising on the Kashmir problem".
3366:
3335:
3116:
3106:
2865:
2860:
1012:
730:
276:
Maharaja Hari Singh was seen by informed observers as liberal and non-sectarian, even though, in the run-up to the
3277:
3224:
2791:
623:
316:
3314:
3292:
3076:
2308:
3236:
226:
2266:
Jammu & Kashmir, 1947–50: An Account of Activities of First Three Years of Sheikh Abdullah's Government
1271:
3230:
3096:
3086:
3024:
913:
484:
Bhasin says that the massacres took place in the presence of the then Jammu and Kashmir's Prime Minister
399:
There were also reports of large-scale massacres of Muslims in Udhampur district, particularly in proper
3187:
3131:
2969:
2936:
2578:
522:
348:
301:
245:
1145:
Figures from the 1951 census of Pakistan. They only cover the areas that came under Pakistani control.
415:
areas. Killing of numerous Muslims was reported from Chhamb, Deva Batala, Manawsar and other parts of
3207:
3177:
3172:
3121:
2979:
2404:(PhD). Centre for Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies, School of Humanities, University of Southampton
1618:(b) The Government of India have no information. The Pakistan press has, however, denied this report.
784:
611:
586:
516:
Much higher figures were reported by newspapers at that time. A report by a special correspondent of
510:
478:
289:
168:
3126:
2974:
2948:
2704:
2672:
1397:
accession, and it acknowledged that his rights should be protected even after acceding to Pakistan.
952:
619:
506:
469:
According to Ved Bhasin and scholar Ilyas Chattha, the Jammu riots were executed by members of the
305:
191:
3329:
3192:
3152:
3101:
2692:
2609:
2233:. Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
2161:
989:
933:
549:
in 1970, the number that remained in Pakistan is estimated to be in the range 219,718 – 259,047.
485:
277:
265:
233:
202:
133:
1609:(b) whether the said Ex-Inspector General has been appointed intelligence Chief of Azad Kashmir?
2424:
Partition and Locality: Violence, Migration and Development in Gujranwala and Sialkot 1947–1961
1792:
1215:
978:
3157:
2756:
2735:
2714:
2648:
2627:
2563:
2543:
2519:
2498:
2492:
2477:
2469:
2454:
2446:
2427:
2385:
2364:
2318:
2005:
2003:
1948:
1942:
1921:
1915:
1894:
1843:
1709:
1092:
1084:
774:
2621:
2358:
2081:
2079:
2077:
1990:
1988:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
3304:
3255:
3167:
2870:
2814:
2684:
2601:
2533:
2345:
1819:
1383:
1123:
1109:
928:
541:
329:
297:
68:
3242:
3162:
3111:
3050:
2994:
2984:
2931:
1231:
1229:
1080:
821:
734:
562:
431:
213:, which were left with the options of joining India or Pakistan or remaining independent.
210:
1314:
1312:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
1890:
Impact of Partition: Refugees in Pakistan: Struggle for Empowerment and State's Response
1603:: Shri Kirit Bikram Deb Burman: Will the Minister of HOME AFFAIRS be pleased to state:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1105:
1067:
1063:
638:
and gives figures for estimated 'loss' of Muslims, due to deaths as well as migration.
635:
501:
462:
237:
137:
2447:"The Long Shadow of 1947: Partition, Violence and Displacement in Jammu & Kashmir"
1759:
1757:
3350:
2696:
2613:
2230:
1267:
1088:
1024:
254:
1720:
1718:
128:(1946) consisted of the Poonch, Mirpur, Riasi, Jammu, Kathua, and Udhampur districts
1798:
984:
863:
792:
754:
615:
558:
546:
539:
by 20 November 1947. Snedden, on the other hand, cites a "comprehensive report" in
172:
427:
area, there was extensive killing of Muslims with women being raped and abducted.
2750:
2729:
2708:
2642:
2582:
2557:
2537:
2513:
2379:
2312:
2264:
1888:
1837:
1596:
1566:
1379:
531:
145:
17:
1519:
movements gathered force.... the Maharaja moved closer to the Arya Samaj camp."
2875:
2688:
2605:
1788:
1211:
1039:, p. 153: "None of these figures, however, are authoritative.... And the
974:
481:(INA) also participated in this violence along with the RSS and state forces.
452:
359:
320:
281:
214:
206:
160:
2662:
1362:
1360:
248:. Ibrahim requested and received arms for the rebels. Establishing a base in
2332:
2291:
2124:
2112:
2100:
2009:
1496:
1303:
1004:
509:
says, the number of Muslims killed were between 20,000 and 100,000. Justice
474:
408:
375:
90:
2085:
2056:
1994:
1967:
1775:
1705:
1318:
1036:
2623:
Across the Line of Control: Inside Pakistan-administered Jammu and Kashmir
955:
writes of unverifiable allegations of 20,000 non-Muslims killed in Mirpur.
2451:
Revisiting India's Partition: New Essays on Memory, Culture, and Politics
1803:
The curfew, it appeared, was meant only to check the movement of Muslims.
607:
424:
400:
218:
64:
2494:
State, Community and Neighbourhood in Princely North India, c. 1900-1950
1136:
Jammu and Kashmir government has claimed that 200,000 refugees returned.
2279:
2217:
2021:
1979:
1472:
1460:
1432:
1420:
1351:
582:
578:
536:
416:
404:
324:
176:
2399:
2644:
War and Peace in Modern India: A Strategic History of the Nehru Years
566:
420:
380:
249:
82:
2667:, Mirpur: National Institute Kashmir Studies – via archive.org
2068:
1862:
1763:
1748:
1653:
1612:
The Minister of State in the Ministry of Home Affairs (Shri Datar):
1330:
1235:
2783:
1736:
773:
412:
385:
149:
119:
86:
1121:
An even higher figure of 500,000 Muslim refugees was reported in
2339:. Vol. 4, no. 5. pp. 44–49 – via issuu.com.
2251:
1724:
1408:
1334:
1247:
153:
78:
2787:
2470:"The Abdullah Factor: Kashmiri Muslims and the Crisis of 1947"
1665:
1641:
1629:
1528:
535:
reported that more than 100,000 Jammu refugees had arrived in
1693:
1669:
606:
After the Indian army repelled the Pashtun raiders from near
111:
A large number of Hindus and Sikhs in Rajouri, and in Mirpur.
2592:
Nawaz, Shuja (May 2008), "The First Kashmir War Revisited",
1582:
1448:
1366:
419:
with many people fleeing to Pakistan or moving to Jammu. In
2449:. In Amritjit Singh; Nalini Iyer; Rahul K. Gairola (eds.).
2269:, Printed at the Ranbir Government Press, 1951, p. 90
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
1508:
445:
280:, he was believed to have come under the influence of the
1944:
Midnight's Furies: The Deadly Legacy of India's Partition
1842:. Anamika Pub & Distributors. 2003. pp. 91, 92.
144:, many Muslims were massacred and others driven away to
1874:
1173:
3082:
2001 Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly car bombing
1023:
Mainprice, the former Assistant Political Agent of the
553:
Violence against Hindus and Sikhs in Rajouri and Mirpur
2039:, South Asian Studies Archive, University of Cambridge
466:
killed there and Muslim women have been dishonoured."
2231:"C-1 Population by religious community (2011 Census)"
1893:. Regional Centre for Strategic Studies. p. 58.
1571:, New Delhi: Tagore Memorial Publications, p. 32
268:. Pashtun tribes were mobilised for an armed attack.
3270:
3216:
3140:
3059:
3033:
2962:
2904:
2846:
1839:
The second assassination of Gandhi? by Ram Puniyani
1552:
101:
96:
74:
60:
47:
39:
34:
2096:
2094:
1681:
1540:
434:arrived in Jammu and a refugee camp was set up in
2292:Snedden, Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris 2015
2125:Snedden, Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris 2015
2113:Saraf, Kashmiris Fight for Freedom, Volume 2 2015
2101:Saraf, Kashmiris Fight for Freedom, Volume 2 2015
2010:Saraf, Kashmiris Fight for Freedom, Volume 2 2015
1914:Dutta, Madhusree; Flavia; Adarkar, Neera (1996).
1497:Saraf, Kashmiris Fight for Freedom, Volume 2 2015
1304:Snedden, Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris 2015
2086:Snedden, What happened to Muslims in Jammu? 2001
2057:Snedden, What happened to Muslims in Jammu? 2001
1995:Copland, State, Community and Neighbourhood 2005
1968:Copland, State, Community and Neighbourhood 2005
1776:Copland, State, Community and Neighbourhood 2005
1706:Copland, State, Community and Neighbourhood 2005
1319:Snedden, What happened to Muslims in Jammu? 2001
1037:Copland, State, Community and Neighbourhood 2005
513:estimates them to be between 20,000 and 30,000.
2333:"Henry Scott: The forgotten soldier of Kashmir"
1079:The 1947 Udhampur district is now divided into
1009:
569:tribesman crossed into Kashmir from Pakistan's
1421:Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History (2013)
988:: "Another incident that I recall is about Mr
3397:Riots and civil disorder in Jammu and Kashmir
2799:
778:Present day district map of Jammu and Kashmir
492:with some of them also serving as ministers.
148:. The killings were carried out by extremist
8:
2381:NOTHING BUT!: Book Three: What Price Freedom
2280:Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History 2013
2218:Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History 2013
2022:Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History 2013
1980:Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History 2013
1473:Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010
1461:Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History 2013
1433:Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010
1352:Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History 2013
1104:The 1947 Reasi district is now divided into
1062:The 1947 Jammu district is now divided into
1002:To quote 10 August 1948 report published in
455:, who witnessed the Jammu violence in 1947.
124:The Jammu province of the princely state of
358:Scholar Ilyas Chattha and Jammu journalist
3362:Massacres in Pakistan-administered Kashmir
2806:
2792:
2784:
2677:South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies
1947:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 209.
1917:The Nation, the State, and Indian Identity
1598:Lok Sabha Debates, Volume 12, Issues 27–31
31:
2069:Chattha, Partition and its Aftermath 2009
1863:Chattha, Partition and its Aftermath 2009
1764:Chattha, Partition and its Aftermath 2009
1749:Chattha, Partition and its Aftermath 2009
1654:Chattha, Partition and its Aftermath 2009
1331:Chattha, Partition and its Aftermath 2009
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1236:Chattha, Partition and its Aftermath 2009
1206:
1204:
1202:
319:, large numbers of Hindus and Sikhs from
2539:Kashmir, 1947: Rival Versions of History
2497:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 153–.
2352:. Vol. 4, no. 11. pp. 9–.
1818:Ahmad, Khalid Bashir (5 November 2014),
1813:
1811:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
797:
640:
496:Estimates of people killed and displaced
186:
2398:Chattha, Ilyas Ahmad (September 2009).
1737:Talbot, Pakistan: A Modern History 1998
1166:
945:
2559:The Origins of a Dispute: Kashmir 1947
2378:Bhattacharya, Brigadier Samir (2013),
2314:Flames of the Chinar: an autobiography
2147:
610:on 25 November, the raiders turned to
573:and the adjoining princely states and
136:, during October–November 1947 in the
2891:2019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes
2664:Kashmiris Fight for Freedom, Volume 2
2453:. Lexington Books. pp. 143–156.
2252:Chattha, The Long Shadow of 1947 2016
1725:Puri, Across the Line of Control 2012
1601:, Lok Sabha Secretariat, p. 5965
1484:
1436:
1409:Bhattacharya, What Price Freedom 2013
1335:Chattha, The Long Shadow of 1947 2016
1248:Chattha, The Long Shadow of 1947 2016
477:Sikhs and some former members of the
229:, which was set to inherit Pakistan.
205:in 1947, the British abandoned their
156:, aided and abetted by the forces of
7:
2198:
2186:
1694:Jha, The Origins of a Dispute (2003)
557:Muslims in the western districts of
3046:UN mediation of the Kashmir dispute
2780:, Greater Kashmir, 5 November 2014.
2731:Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris
1666:Jha, Rival Versions of History 1996
1642:Jha, Rival Versions of History 1996
1630:Jha, Rival Versions of History 1996
1529:Jha, Rival Versions of History 1996
142:princely state of Jammu and Kashmir
3203:Tehreek-e-Azaadi Jammu and Kashmir
1920:. Popular Prakashan. p. 145.
1670:Jha, The Origins of a Dispute 2003
315:Also in March 1947, following the
52:Jammu province, Princely state of
25:
3387:20th century in Jammu and Kashmir
3198:Islamic State – Khorasan Province
3072:2000 Amarnath pilgrimage massacre
2881:2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff
2587:, Karachi: Central Printing Press
2512:Das Gupta, Jyoti Bhusan (2012) .
2474:Political Inheritance of Pakistan
1583:Amanullah Khan, Free Kashmir 1970
1449:Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012
1367:Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012
919:Violence against Muslims in India
695:Udhampur District (inc. Chenani)
2162:"The day Rajouri was recaptured"
924:Timeline of the Kashmir conflict
3372:Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948
3262:Jammu and Kashmir Accession Day
3010:Operation Sadbhavana (Goodwill)
2856:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948
2661:Saraf, Muhammad Yusuf (2015) ,
2344:Ankit, Rakesh (November 2010).
1509:Abdullah, Flames of Chinar 1993
272:Communal situation in the State
3432:Massacres of Hindus in Kashmir
3357:Massacres in Jammu and Kashmir
3148:Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front
2778:Jammu 1947: Tales of Bloodshed
2710:Kashmir: The Unwritten History
2363:. Cambridge University Press.
565:. In October 1947, a force of
343:Violence against Jammu Muslims
337:Jammu and Kashmir State Forces
173:Pakistani administered Kashmir
1:
3377:Anti-Muslim violence in India
3092:2002 Raghunath temple attacks
2942:2016 Nagrota army base attack
2728:Snedden, Christopher (2015).
2160:Maini, K.D. (12 April 2015).
1941:Hajari, Nisid (9 June 2015).
1017:Maharaja’s accession to India
547:Pakistan-administered Kashmir
3412:November 1947 events in Asia
3392:20th century in Azad Kashmir
3225:Jammu and Kashmir Exodus Day
2886:2008 Indo-Pakistani standoff
1875:Copland, The Abdullah Factor
1739:, pp. 115–116, note 90.
1174:Copland, The Abdullah Factor
571:North-West Frontier Province
310:North-West Frontier Province
43:October 1947 – November 1947
27:Genocidal massacres in Jammu
3407:October 1947 events in Asia
3402:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
3249:Jammu and Kashmir Black Day
3183:Al-Badr (Jammu and Kashmir)
2734:. Oxford University Press.
2562:, Oxford University Press,
2542:, Oxford University Press,
2426:. Oxford University Press.
1565:Parkash, Dewan Ram (1948),
1384:"The Question of Accession"
1278:. Vol. 29, no. 4.
816:Loss of Hindus/Sikhs (est)
471:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
236:, Muslim Conference leader
165:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
3453:
3336:Village Defence Committees
3117:2017 Amarnath Yatra attack
3107:March 2013 Srinagar attack
2866:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
2861:Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
2752:Pakistan: A Modern History
2641:Raghavan, Srinath (2010),
2556:Jha, Prem Shankar (2003),
2331:Ankit, Rakesh (May 2010).
1820:"circa 1947: A Long Story"
1595:Lok Sabha (January 1963),
783:deficit. However, Justice
300:for general secreatry and
284:. At least a third of the
3278:Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus
2821:
2689:10.1080/00856400108723454
2606:10.1080/14736480802055455
2309:Abdullah, Sheikh Mohammad
1015:and nine days before the
3293:OHCHR reports on Kashmir
3077:Chittisinghpura massacre
3041:Jinnah–Mountbatten talks
2384:, Partridge Publishing,
1553:Ankit, October 1947 2010
529:The Pakistani newspaper
179:area of Jammu division.
2713:. HarperCollins India.
2445:Chattha, Ilyas (2016).
2422:Chattha, Ilyas (2011).
2357:Bhatia, Mohita (2020).
1682:Ankit, Henry Scott 2010
1541:Ankit, Henry Scott 2010
886:Azad Kashmir Districts
653:2011 Muslim proportion
650:1941 Muslim proportion
317:massacres in Rawalpindi
227:All-India Muslim League
163:. The activists of the
3231:Kashmir Solidarity Day
3141:Militant organisations
3097:2006 Srinagar bombings
3087:2001 Kishtwar massacre
3060:Bombings and massacres
2755:, St. Martin's Press,
2647:, Palgrave Macmillan,
2472:. In D. A. Low (ed.).
1887:Hassan, Amtul (2006).
1272:"Horrors of Partition"
1021:
914:Persecution of Muslims
779:
656:Loss of Muslims (est)
618:. Political scientist
351:that started earlier.
240:met Pakistani Colonel
198:
129:
108:20,000–100,000 Muslims
3437:Crime in Azad Kashmir
3417:1947 murders in India
3188:Ansar Ghazwat-ul-Hind
3132:2022 Srinagar bombing
3005:Operation Sarp Vinash
2970:1947 Poonch rebellion
2937:2016 Baramulla attack
2776:Khalid Bashir Ahmad,
2491:Copland, Ian (2005).
2468:Copland, Ian (1991).
2420:Since republished as
1333:, pp. 182, 183;
813:1951 H/S proportion
777:
729:Jammu province (exc.
430:On 16 November 1947,
302:Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas
246:1947 Poonch Rebellion
190:
123:
3422:Massacres of Muslims
3237:Kashmir Martyrs' Day
3208:United Jihad Council
3173:Harkat-ul-Mujahideen
3122:2018 Sunjuwan attack
3067:1947 Jammu massacres
2980:Operation Grand Slam
2749:Talbot, Ian (1998),
2705:Snedden, Christopher
2673:Snedden, Christopher
1791:(17 November 2015),
1751:, pp. 180, 182.
1270:(25 February 2012).
1214:(17 November 2015).
977:(17 November 2015),
807:1941 H/S proportion
479:Indian National Army
290:Henry Lawrence Scott
232:With the support of
35:1947 Jammu massacres
3330:Over ground workers
3288:Human rights abuses
3127:2019 Pulwama attack
3015:Operation Calm Down
2975:Operation Gibraltar
2127:, pp. 164–167.
2024:, pp. 55, 330.
1970:, pp. 153–154.
1865:, p. 182, 183.
1836:"Document Twenty".
1475:, pp. 105–106.
1435:, pp. 105–106;
1238:, p. 179, 183.
953:Christopher Snedden
620:Christopher Snedden
507:Christopher Snedden
490:National Conference
370:On 14 October, the
306:Pir of Manki Sharif
201:At the time of the
192:Maharaja Hari Singh
3427:Massacres of Sikhs
3382:Partition of India
3193:Dukhtaran-e-Millat
3153:Tehreek-e-Hurriyat
3102:2006 Doda massacre
2848:Wars and conflicts
2620:Puri, Luv (2012).
2166:dailyexcelsior.com
1439:, pp. 119–120
990:Mehr Chand Mahajan
934:Partition of India
780:
630:Population figures
585:(7 November), and
486:Mehr Chand Mahajan
374:activists and the
266:Shaukat Hayat Khan
234:Mian Iftikharuddin
203:Partition of India
199:
175:, and also in the
171:region of today's
134:Partition of India
130:
3367:Massacres in 1947
3344:
3343:
3158:Hizbul Mujahideen
3000:Operation All Out
2905:Border skirmishes
2762:978-0-312-21606-1
2741:978-1-84904-342-7
2654:978-1-137-00737-7
2569:978-0-19-566486-7
2549:978-0-19-563766-3
2534:Jha, Prem Shankar
2525:978-94-011-9231-6
2515:Jammu and Kashmir
2504:978-0-230-00598-3
2460:978-1-4985-3105-4
2391:978-1-4828-1625-9
2370:978-1-108-83602-9
2168:. Daily Excelsior
2150:, pp. 80–82.
1982:, pp. 52–53.
1727:, pp. 25–26.
1644:, pp. 15–16.
1568:Fight for Kashmir
1451:, pp. 90–91.
1411:, pp. 25–27.
1382:(November 2010),
905:
904:
772:
771:
614:, in present-day
460:
459:
223:Muslim Conference
196:Jammu and Kashmir
126:Jammu and Kashmir
118:
117:
54:Jammu and Kashmir
16:(Redirected from
3444:
3256:Azad Kashmir Day
3168:Jaish-e-Mohammed
2871:Siachen conflict
2815:Kashmir conflict
2808:
2801:
2794:
2785:
2765:
2745:
2724:
2700:
2668:
2657:
2637:
2616:
2588:
2572:
2552:
2529:
2508:
2487:
2464:
2437:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2394:
2374:
2353:
2340:
2327:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2089:
2083:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2036:MAINPRICE PAPERS
2031:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
1998:
1992:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1815:
1806:
1805:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1713:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1602:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1572:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1355:
1349:
1338:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1307:
1301:
1280:
1279:
1264:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1224:
1223:
1208:
1177:
1171:
1155:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1137:
1134:
1128:
1119:
1113:
1102:
1096:
1077:
1071:
1060:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1034:
1028:
1000:
994:
987:
971:
965:
962:
956:
950:
929:Kashmir conflict
810:1951 Population
804:1941 Population
798:
647:1941 Population
641:
446:
349:Poonch rebellion
330:Prem Shankar Jha
298:Agha Shaukat Ali
69:ethnic cleansing
32:
21:
18:Rajouri Massacre
3452:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3266:
3243:Youm-e-Istehsal
3212:
3178:Harkat ul-Ansar
3163:Lashkar-e-Taiba
3136:
3112:2016 Uri attack
3055:
3051:Simla Agreement
3029:
2995:Operation Eraze
2990:Operation Bison
2985:Operation Tupac
2958:
2932:2016 Uri attack
2900:
2842:
2817:
2812:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2748:
2742:
2727:
2721:
2703:
2671:
2660:
2655:
2640:
2634:
2619:
2591:
2579:Khan, Amanullah
2577:
2570:
2555:
2550:
2532:
2526:
2511:
2505:
2490:
2484:
2467:
2461:
2444:
2434:
2421:
2407:
2405:
2397:
2392:
2377:
2371:
2356:
2343:
2330:
2325:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2290:
2286:
2278:
2274:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2250:
2246:
2236:
2234:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2216:
2205:
2197:
2193:
2185:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2146:
2131:
2123:
2119:
2111:
2107:
2099:
2092:
2084:
2075:
2067:
2063:
2055:
2051:
2042:
2040:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2020:
2016:
2008:
2001:
1993:
1986:
1978:
1974:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1873:
1869:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1817:
1816:
1809:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1774:
1770:
1762:
1755:
1747:
1743:
1735:
1731:
1723:
1716:
1704:
1700:
1692:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1664:
1660:
1652:
1648:
1640:
1636:
1628:
1624:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1581:
1577:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1551:
1547:
1539:
1535:
1527:
1523:
1507:
1503:
1495:
1491:
1483:
1479:
1471:
1467:
1459:
1455:
1447:
1443:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1415:
1407:
1403:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1365:
1358:
1350:
1341:
1329:
1325:
1317:
1310:
1302:
1283:
1266:
1265:
1254:
1246:
1242:
1234:
1227:
1210:
1209:
1180:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1120:
1116:
1103:
1099:
1078:
1074:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1047:
1035:
1031:
1013:Pathan invasion
1001:
997:
973:
972:
968:
963:
959:
951:
947:
942:
910:
822:Mirpur District
712:Reasi District
678:Kathua District
661:Jammu District
632:
604:
595:
589:(25 November).
563:Mirpur district
555:
498:
444:
432:Sheikh Abdullah
368:
345:
274:
211:princely states
185:
114:
56:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3450:
3448:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3349:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3327:
3325:Women's rights
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3285:
3280:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3258:
3252:
3251:(Invasion Day)
3245:
3239:
3233:
3227:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3025:2019 airstrike
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2895:media coverage
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2852:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2772:
2771:External links
2769:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2746:
2740:
2725:
2720:978-9350298985
2719:
2701:
2683:(2): 111–134.
2669:
2658:
2653:
2638:
2632:
2617:
2600:(2): 115–154,
2589:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2548:
2530:
2524:
2509:
2503:
2488:
2482:
2465:
2459:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2432:
2415:
2414:
2395:
2390:
2375:
2369:
2354:
2346:"October 1947"
2341:
2328:
2323:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2284:
2282:, p. 161.
2272:
2256:
2254:, p. 145.
2244:
2222:
2203:
2191:
2179:
2152:
2129:
2117:
2105:
2090:
2088:, p. 125.
2073:
2071:, p. 185.
2061:
2059:, p. 121.
2049:
2026:
2014:
2012:, p. 133.
1999:
1997:, p. 153.
1984:
1972:
1960:
1953:
1933:
1926:
1906:
1899:
1879:
1877:, p. 244.
1867:
1855:
1848:
1828:
1807:
1780:
1778:, p. 156.
1768:
1766:, p. 183.
1753:
1741:
1729:
1714:
1698:
1686:
1674:
1668:, p. 10;
1658:
1656:, p. 179.
1646:
1634:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1587:
1575:
1557:
1545:
1533:
1521:
1501:
1489:
1487:, p. 120.
1477:
1465:
1453:
1441:
1425:
1413:
1401:
1371:
1356:
1339:
1323:
1308:
1306:, p. 167.
1281:
1252:
1250:, p. 150.
1240:
1225:
1178:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1147:
1138:
1129:
1114:
1097:
1072:
1055:
1045:
1029:
995:
966:
957:
944:
943:
941:
938:
937:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
909:
906:
903:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
883:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
860:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
840:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
818:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
770:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
751:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
726:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
709:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
692:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
675:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
658:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
636:Jammu province
631:
628:
603:
600:
594:
591:
581:(24 October),
554:
551:
497:
494:
463:Mahatma Gandhi
458:
457:
443:
440:
390:Talab Khatikan
367:
364:
344:
341:
273:
270:
244:regarding the
238:Sardar Ibrahim
184:
181:
116:
115:
113:
112:
109:
105:
103:
99:
98:
94:
93:
76:
72:
71:
62:
58:
57:
51:
49:
45:
44:
41:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3449:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3320:Peacebuilding
3318:
3316:
3315:Stone pelting
3313:
3311:
3310:Crowd control
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2809:
2804:
2802:
2797:
2795:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2764:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2659:
2656:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2639:
2635:
2633:9781849041737
2629:
2625:
2624:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2489:
2485:
2483:9781349115563
2479:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2442:
2435:
2433:9780199061723
2429:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2403:
2402:
2396:
2393:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2376:
2372:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2329:
2326:
2324:9780670853182
2320:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2293:
2288:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2245:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2220:, p. 28.
2219:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2201:, p. 30.
2200:
2195:
2192:
2189:, p. 28.
2188:
2183:
2180:
2167:
2163:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2050:
2038:
2037:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1961:
1956:
1954:9780547669243
1950:
1946:
1945:
1937:
1934:
1929:
1927:9788185604091
1923:
1919:
1918:
1910:
1907:
1902:
1900:9788173046988
1896:
1892:
1891:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1856:
1851:
1849:9788174951489
1845:
1841:
1840:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1687:
1684:, p. 44.
1683:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1635:
1632:, p. 14.
1631:
1626:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1466:
1463:, p. 43.
1462:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1426:
1423:, p. 44.
1422:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1369:, p. 97.
1368:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1354:, p. 56.
1353:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1337:, p. 149
1336:
1332:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1268:Noorani, A.G.
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1167:
1161:
1151:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1056:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1025:Gilgit Agency
1020:
1018:
1014:
1007:
1006:
999:
996:
991:
986:
982:
981:
976:
970:
967:
961:
958:
954:
949:
946:
939:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
911:
907:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
884:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
861:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
843:Poonch Jagir
842:
841:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
823:
820:
819:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
799:
796:
794:
789:
786:
776:
767:
764:
761:
758:
756:
753:
752:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
732:
728:
727:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
710:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
693:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
676:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
659:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
642:
639:
637:
629:
627:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
601:
599:
592:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
552:
550:
548:
544:
543:
538:
534:
533:
527:
525:
524:
523:The Statesman
519:
514:
512:
508:
503:
495:
493:
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
467:
464:
456:
454:
448:
447:
441:
439:
437:
436:Mohalla Ustad
433:
428:
426:
423:district and
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
395:
394:Mohalla Ustad
391:
387:
382:
377:
373:
365:
363:
361:
356:
352:
350:
342:
340:
338:
333:
331:
326:
322:
318:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
271:
269:
267:
263:
258:
256:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
197:
193:
189:
182:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
127:
122:
110:
107:
106:
104:
100:
95:
92:
88:
84:
80:
77:
73:
70:
66:
63:
59:
55:
50:
46:
42:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3260:26 October—
3254:24 October—
3247:22 October—
3229:5 February—
3223:19 January—
3066:
3034:Negotiations
2836:1947–present
2751:
2730:
2709:
2680:
2676:
2663:
2643:
2622:
2597:
2594:India Review
2593:
2584:Free Kashmir
2583:
2558:
2538:
2518:. Springer.
2514:
2493:
2476:. Springer.
2473:
2450:
2423:
2406:. Retrieved
2400:
2380:
2359:
2349:
2336:
2313:
2301:Bibliography
2287:
2275:
2265:
2259:
2247:
2235:. Retrieved
2225:
2194:
2182:
2170:. Retrieved
2165:
2155:
2120:
2108:
2064:
2052:
2041:, retrieved
2035:
2029:
2017:
1975:
1963:
1943:
1936:
1916:
1909:
1889:
1882:
1870:
1858:
1838:
1831:
1824:Kashmir Life
1823:
1802:
1799:Kashmir Life
1793:
1783:
1771:
1744:
1732:
1701:
1689:
1677:
1672:, p. 11
1661:
1649:
1637:
1625:
1597:
1590:
1578:
1567:
1560:
1555:, p. 9.
1548:
1536:
1524:
1516:
1512:
1504:
1492:
1480:
1468:
1456:
1444:
1428:
1416:
1404:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1380:Puri, Balraj
1374:
1326:
1275:
1243:
1220:Kashmir Life
1219:
1216:"Jammu 1947"
1169:
1150:
1141:
1132:
1122:
1117:
1100:
1075:
1058:
1048:
1040:
1032:
1010:
1003:
998:
985:Kashmir Life
979:
969:
960:
948:
864:Muzaffarabad
793:Azad Kashmir
790:
781:
755:Poonch jagir
633:
616:Azad Kashmir
605:
596:
575:tribal areas
559:Poonch jagir
556:
540:
530:
528:
521:
517:
515:
499:
483:
468:
461:
450:
442:Observations
435:
429:
407:, Ramnagar,
398:
393:
389:
369:
357:
353:
346:
334:
314:
294:
275:
259:
231:
200:
138:Jammu region
131:
29:
3217:Observances
3020:2016 strike
2408:16 February
2148:Bhatia 2020
1789:Bhasin, Ved
1394:(11): 4–6,
785:Yusuf Saraf
532:Nawa-i-Waqt
511:Yusuf Saraf
264:and Sardar
146:West Punjab
3351:Categories
3283:Insurgency
3241:5 August—
2963:Operations
2876:Kargil War
2317:, Viking,
2172:19 October
1794:Jammu 1947
1708:, p.
1485:Nawaz 2008
1437:Nawaz 2008
1212:Ved Bhasin
1162:References
980:Jammu 1947
975:Ved Bhasin
502:Englishmen
453:Ved Bhasin
386:Jammu city
360:Ved Bhasin
321:Rawalpindi
308:(from the
286:state army
282:Arya Samaj
262:Akbar Khan
242:Akbar Khan
215:Hari Singh
207:suzerainty
183:Background
161:Hari Singh
132:After the
97:Casualties
3235:13 July—
2954:2020–2021
2927:2016–2018
2922:2014–2015
2831:1846–1946
2707:(2013) .
2697:143991832
2626:. Hurst.
2614:155030407
2199:Puri 2010
2187:Puri 2010
1276:Frontline
1112:districts
1095:districts
1070:districts
1005:The Times
889:1,073,154
866:District
740:1,172,950
518:The Times
409:Bhaderwah
366:Massacres
278:Partition
209:over the
91:mass rape
2826:Timeline
2581:(1970),
2536:(1996),
2350:Epilogue
2337:Epilogue
2311:(1993),
2043:31 March
1615:(a) Yes.
1388:Epilogue
1093:Kishtwar
1085:Udhampur
908:See also
901:113,210
749:246,356
673:151,010
608:Srinagar
425:Billawar
401:Udhampur
219:Maharaja
158:Maharaja
102:Death(s)
65:Genocide
48:Location
3271:Related
1517:tabligh
1513:shuddhi
1110:Rajouri
895:886,153
875:220,971
869:264,671
852:293,723
846:421,828
832:371,459
826:386,655
801:Region
759:421,828
724:59,804
715:257,903
698:306,013
690:29,567
681:177,672
664:431,362
644:Region
593:Rajouri
583:Rajauri
579:Bhimber
537:Sialkot
417:Akhnoor
405:Chenani
325:Sialkot
177:Rajouri
140:of the
79:Rioting
75:Methods
3332:(OGWs)
3305:Ikhwan
2759:
2738:
2717:
2695:
2651:
2630:
2612:
2566:
2546:
2522:
2501:
2480:
2457:
2430:
2388:
2367:
2321:
1951:
1924:
1897:
1846:
1081:Ramban
735:Mirpur
731:Poonch
707:5,975
624:Poonch
612:Mirpur
602:Mirpur
587:Mirpur
567:Pathan
421:Kathua
381:Gujjar
376:Akalis
255:Kahuta
250:Murree
217:, the
169:Mirpur
150:Hindus
83:pogrom
2693:S2CID
2610:S2CID
2237:8 May
1106:Reasi
1068:Samba
1064:Jammu
1041:Times
940:Notes
898:0.09%
892:12.7%
849:10.0%
829:19.6%
765:90.4%
762:90.0%
746:27.9%
743:44.5%
721:58.4%
718:68.1%
704:41.5%
701:42.7%
687:10.4%
684:25.3%
667:39.6%
475:Akali
413:Reasi
154:Sikhs
87:arson
61:Goals
3300:Rape
2949:2019
2917:2013
2912:2011
2757:ISBN
2736:ISBN
2715:ISBN
2649:ISBN
2628:ISBN
2564:ISBN
2544:ISBN
2520:ISBN
2499:ISBN
2478:ISBN
2455:ISBN
2428:ISBN
2410:2016
2386:ISBN
2365:ISBN
2319:ISBN
2239:2018
2174:2020
2045:2017
1949:ISBN
1922:ISBN
1895:ISBN
1844:ISBN
1515:and
1124:Dawn
1108:and
1091:and
1089:Doda
1066:and
872:7.1%
733:and
670:7.1%
542:Dawn
411:and
392:and
323:and
152:and
40:Date
2685:doi
2602:doi
1710:143
372:RSS
194:of
3353::
2691:.
2681:24
2679:.
2608:,
2596:,
2348:.
2335:.
2206:^
2164:.
2132:^
2093:^
2076:^
2002:^
1987:^
1822:,
1810:^
1801:,
1797:,
1756:^
1717:^
1390:,
1386:,
1359:^
1342:^
1311:^
1284:^
1274:.
1255:^
1228:^
1218:.
1181:^
1087:,
1083:,
1019:."
1008::
983:,
881:–
858:–
838:–
768:–
451:—
438:.
403:,
388:,
339:.
89:,
85:,
81:,
67:,
2897:)
2893:(
2807:e
2800:t
2793:v
2744:.
2723:.
2699:.
2687::
2636:.
2604::
2598:7
2528:.
2507:.
2486:.
2463:.
2436:.
2412:.
2373:.
2241:.
2176:.
1957:.
1930:.
1903:.
1852:.
1712:.
1543:.
1392:4
1321:.
1222:.
878:–
855:–
835:–
737:)
296:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
