1125:, a Cabinet minister. Led by the Raja of Panagal, the Justice Party switched sides and lent its support to the Subbarayan government. Soon afterwards, the Justice Party passed a resolution welcoming the Simon Commission. The Simon Commission visited Madras on 28 February 1928 and 18 February 1929 and was boycotted by the Swarajya Party and the Indian National Congress. However, the Justicites and the Subbarayan Government accorded the commission a warm reception.
679:. The strike lasted for over six months during which around 10,000 workers struck work. A crackdown was ordered. Eventually, two factions emerged; one group of workers desired to return to work while another wished to continue the strike. Violent riots broke out when striking workers prevented the others from returning to work. The riots began to assume communal colours as the workers who wished to continue the strike were mostly
703:, the leader of the Scheduled Castes in the Justice Party, in turn, retorted by describing the criticism of Scheduled Castes by Justice Party members as "the high-handed poisonous action of members of a party who after inflicting all known and unknown injury on our community shed crocodile tears and pose as friends of the Depressed classes". Though the B & C mills strike was eventually settled through the mediation of
435:
Party until his death on 16 December 1928. Serving a total of over 5 years, he remains the longest-serving First
Minister in the Presidency era. Further, taking into account Madras Presidency's successor states of Madras and Tamil Nadu, he held the record as the longest-serving First Minister until 6 September 1959 (for almost 33 years), when Congress's K. Kamaraj overtook his 1,972-day record. With
1174:
the mantle of leadership fell on him after the death of Sir P. Theagaraya Chetti a few years ago. In many respects he was a contrast to the other leader who was frank, outspoken and vehement in his lift and conduct. The Rajah Saheb was, on the other hand, reserved and restrained, tactful and polished to a degree and his courtesy and consideration to friends and opponents alike has always been marked
868:
1134:
856:
1073:
52:
1197:
What did the
Brahmans do for our education in the five thousand years before Britain came? I remind you: They asserted their right to pour hot lead into the ears of the low-caste man who should dare to study books. All learning belonged to them, they said. When the Muhammadans swarmed in and took us,
1173:
Essentially a conservative by instinct and training, he showed remarkable ability to perceive the trend of the popular upheaval in our province no less in social than in political matters and he showed consummate strategy and great ability in maintaining the influence and integrity of his party, when
818:
However, the tenure of the
Justice Party government of the Raja of Panagal is largely remembered for the introduction of caste-based reservations in 1921. In August 1921, the First communal Government Order (G.O. No.613) was passed. As per the order, 44 percent of jobs were reserved for non-Brahmins,
1112:
which was appointed to report on the working of the progress of the
Montagu-Chelmsford reforms landed in India. The Swarajya Party moved a resolution to boycott the commission and this was passed 61 to 50 with 12 remaining neutral. The Justice Party and the Swarajists supported the resolution while
880:
The rapid growth of the population of Madras necessitated the expansion of the city and the creation of more residential colonies. To fulfill this requirement, the Madras Town
Planning Act of 1920 had been passed on 7 September 1920 before the dyarchy was established. As per the provisions of this
830:
community protested against the government order arguing that the act did not guarantee adequate representation of scheduled castes who he felt deserved 30% reservation in the administration and the services. When the
Justice Party failed to respond, he resigned from the primary membership of the
434:
was developed during his First-Ministership. Ramarayaningar resigned as First
Minister in 1926 when the Justice Party failed to obtain a majority in the 1926 elections to the Madras Legislative Council. He, however, continued to remain active in politics and served as the President of the Justice
1100:
won 41 of the 98 seats and emerged as the single largest party while the
Justice party won 21. The Raja resigned as the First Minister of the Presidency as the popular verdict appeared to be against the Justice Party. As no party had a clean majority and the Swarajya Party which was the single
690:
severely censured the police for the measures they adopted. The main reason was that the police was under the control of the governor and the government was looking for an opportunity to harass the executive. Another probable reason was that the striking workers had the caste sympathies of the
810:
was passed in the year 1923. The bill was introduced by
Education Minister Sir A. P. Patro. As per the provisions of this bill, the governing body of the Madras University was completely reorganised on democratic lines. The bill asserted that the governing body would henceforth be headed by a
721:
Polling for the second general elections in the Madras
Presidency began on 11 September 1923. However, owing to heavy rains, polling was not completed until 10 November. Though the Justice Party returned to power, its majority had been considerably reduced. Observers attribute this decline in
778:. As per this bill, trusts were established to maintain temple funds and given complete power over the administration of temples. This act evoked severe protests from some sections of the assembly which felt that this was an intrusion in the religious affairs of the populace. However, the
450:
Ramarayaningar was regarded as an advocate of democracy and a staunch supporter of empowerment of the depressed classes. Historians generally attribute the decline of the Justice Party in the mid-1930s to the absence of charismatic leaders in the Justice Party following his death.
568:
became the inaugural First Minister of the Madras Presidency. Ramarayaningar served as Minister of Local Self-Government in the Subbarayalu Reddiar Government. When Subbarayalu Reddiar resigned, citing health reasons, Ramarayaningar was appointed First Minister.
889:, forming an arc along the city's western frontier, was drained out in 1923. The development of the tract to the west of the Long Tank had been initiated by the British Government in 1911 with the construction of a railway station at the village of Marmalan or
936:
Theagaroya Chetty, the founder-President of the Justice Party died in 1925 and the Raja, then First Minister of Madras succeeded Chetty as the second President of the Justice Party. The Raja served as the President of the party until his death in 1928.
519:. He actively supported reforms in the Hindu society. In 1914, Ramarayaningar moved a legislation for the creation of separate Provincial departments for the welfare of depressed classes. In 1915, he was elected President of the Third Andhra Congress.
811:
Chancellor who would be assisted by a pro-Chancellor who was usually the Minister of Education. Apart from the Chancellor and the pro-Chancellor who were elected, there was to be a Vice-Chancellor appointed by the Chancellor. In 1925, the
694:
The Justice Party leaders were extremely vociferous in their attacks on Paraiyars and the Labour Department. Their views were endorsed by the Raja of Panagal who joined Thanickachalam Chetti in admonishing the Paraiyars. The party's organ
530:
presided over by the Ramarayaningar, the four different non-Brahmin associations got together to form the South Indian Liberal Federation, unofficially known as the Justice Party. In 1921, Ramarayaningar was sent along with
563:
was passed in 1919, provisions were made to hold elections in the Madras Presidency for the first time in history. The Justice Party unanimously decided to contest the elections and was elected to power in the province.
1198:
even that was an improvement on the old Hindu régime. But only in Britain's day did education become the right of all, with state schools, colleges, and universities accessible îo all castes, communities, and peoples
686:
Ministers in the Madras government and ruling party members supported the strike. On 29 August 1921, the police opened fire and killed six of the workers on the spot. Top Justice Party leaders like
3210:
1160:
The Rajah Sahib had singular gifts to leadership, tact and of high diplomacy. He had not only led his party with remarkable success but he fought the bureaucracy with even greater skill and courage
3195:
881:
Act, numerous town planning measures were taken during the tenure of the Raja of Panagal. The 5 km (3.1 mi) long and 2 km (1.2 mi) broad Long Tank, which extended from
1186:
Despite his aristocratic birth, Ramarayaningar was known for his egalitarian views. Despite the fact that he was regarded as a communalist and anti-Brahmin, he nominated a Brahmin,
794:
was passed. Through this act, the government made it a state policy to advance loans to developing industries. It received less opposition in the assembly. This eventually became
893:. Following the draining out of the Long Tank, the Justice Party government of the Raja of Panagal conceived the creation of a residential colony adjoining this little village.
716:
707:, the communal riots which had accompanied it estranged Scheduled Castes from the Justice Party. and was one of the reasons for Rajah quitting the party at a later stage.
155:
88:
916:
The Raja of Panagal reorganised the Public Works Department in the Presidency, improved medical facilities, water supply and communications in rural areas and patronised
516:
222:
1178:
The Justice Party began to decline with the death of the Raja of Panagal. The lack of efficient leadership in the party is regarded as the main reason for its decline.
3142:
1924:
2400:
1193:
Ramarayaningar, however, strongly opposed what he perceived as the monopolisation of education by Brahmins. On being interviewed by Katherine Mayo, he responded:
928:
was appointed secretary of the committee on siddha medicine. He also sponsored endowments to the University of Madras to produce scientific literature in Telugu.
908:
after the Raja of Panagal. The streets in this new locality were named after prominent members of the Justice Party or officials in the municipal administration.
487:
as his optional subject. He graduated in BL and M.A. (Philosophy and Dravidian Languages) in 1899. In 1919, he was appointed a fellow of the Presidency College.
2463:
2026:
578:
385:
67:
3205:
2798:
3215:
754:, a leader of the Justice Party, who complained of the dictatorial rule of the Raja and his insensitive, unimaginative policies. On 27 November 1923, a
1898:
730:
members of the Justice party. Ramarayaningar assumed office as First Minister on 19 November 1923 and retained the same Cabinet with one change –
662:
426:. He served as the First Minister of Madras Presidency from 11 July 1921 to 3 December 1926. He introduced a number of reforms during his tenure. The
3190:
2493:
1362:
422:
From 17 December 1920 to 11 July 1921, Ramarayaningar served as the Minister of Local Self-Government in the first Justice Party government led by
3185:
2498:
1993:
2427:
2181:
2068:
1757:
1666:
1618:
1452:
1118:
500:
163:
97:
1797:
3122:
3117:
842:, introduced in 1921, brought about an amendment in the Special Marriages Act, sanctioning the legal validity of inter-caste marriages.
1303:
1278:
758:
was introduced against the government of the Raja of Panagal. The no-confidence motion was defeated by a margin of 65 votes to 44.
2981:
2503:
2456:
554:
on 26 December 1924 and presided over the Second All-India Non-Brahmin Conference held at Victoria Hall, Madras on 25 May 1925.
419:
before entering politics. He was one of the founder-members of the Justice Party and served as its president from 1925 to 1928.
2683:
1096:
on 5 June 1926. In the Assembly elections which took place on 8 November 1926, no party was able to get a clean majority. The
447:
overtaking Kamaraj's record, he is the 5th longest-serving First Minister of the state (throughout its various incarnations).
1122:
668:
559:
819:
16 percent for Brahmins, 16 percent for Muslims, 16 percent for Anglo-Indians and Christians and eight percent for the
589:
was appointed to fill the vacancy caused by Subbarayalu Reddiar's resignation, and he took the portfolio of education.
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747:
638:
480:
2708:
2513:
1093:
672:
361:
324:
42:
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2623:
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731:
630:
532:
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1939:"Madras Legislative Assembly, Third Assembly-Seventh Session-Second meeting (3rd to 12th November 1965) Resume"
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994:
921:
676:
2128:
1268:
3200:
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2758:
2733:
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1907:
735:
687:
526:. Ramarayaningar was elected as the first President of the Association. On 19 July 1917, at a conference in
463:
community. His early education and rearing was in the Calamur family, in the household of his foster-father
3220:
3180:
2743:
2658:
2578:
738:. In 1923, the British government bestowed upon Ramarayaningar, the honorific title of "Raja of Panagal".
565:
468:
423:
254:
142:
109:
1682:
536:
3147:
3071:
2966:
2933:
2923:
2618:
2528:
1371:
1138:
1121:, the Governor, was able to obtain the support of the Raja of Panagal by making a Justice Party member,
381:
312:
2298:
Political and Social Conflict in South India; The non-Brahman movement and Tamil Separatism, 1916–1929
2096:
3175:
3170:
2991:
2951:
2852:
2768:
2593:
2543:
2056:
1397:
Who was who: A Companion to Who's who: Containing the Biographies of Those who Died During the Period
1153:
755:
472:
464:
2001:
1938:
511:. He served as a legislator until 1915. During this period, Ramarayaningar earned the praise of the
2903:
2813:
416:
1767:
1628:
3132:
3081:
2821:
2778:
2613:
2394:
1918:
1690:
1208:
1149:
704:
547:
523:
484:
436:
904:, who had died shortly before the township was inaugurated, and was centred around a park named
1807:
3127:
3101:
3015:
2844:
2633:
2538:
2478:
2423:
2177:
2064:
1825:. Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India. p. 41.
1662:
1448:
1299:
1274:
901:
495:
Ramarayaningar got his first taste of politics when he was appointed to the district board of
389:
262:
258:
3086:
3025:
2862:
2788:
2773:
2673:
2638:
2523:
1187:
1109:
820:
782:
gave his support to the bill even while expressing his concern over some of its provisions.
691:
Justice Party government whose ministers and chief whips were caste Hindus like themselves.
1101:
largest party in the assembly was reluctant to form the government, the Governor appointed
3004:
2938:
2872:
2808:
2783:
2753:
2628:
2603:
2588:
2563:
1105:
as the independent First Minister and nominated 34 members to the council to support him.
925:
827:
619:
444:
404:
542:
Ramarayaningar was also active in the All-India Non-Brahmin movement. He was a friend of
1141:
Collectorate, and currently, District Revenue Office, is named after the Raja of Panagal
407:
influence and political moderation he would come to fiercely oppose. He was educated in
2996:
2956:
2946:
2698:
2598:
2548:
2533:
1097:
440:
338:
266:
3164:
3066:
3030:
3020:
2928:
2913:
2839:
2718:
2693:
2568:
1114:
1102:
727:
543:
185:
121:
1485:
A Century of Politics in Andhra Pradesh: Ethnicity & Regionalism in Indian State
3137:
3076:
3040:
2971:
2908:
2877:
2867:
2763:
2738:
2668:
2648:
2608:
1077:
905:
882:
867:
779:
766:
Ramarayaningar introduced a number of reforms during his tenure as First Minister.
723:
396:
250:
1246:
1897:
Sri Sambamoorthi Shastrigal, Kuppuswamy Iyer, "Sollin Selvan" P. N. Parasuraman.
2961:
2882:
2728:
2723:
2553:
751:
700:
582:
508:
496:
2313:
Politics for Power: The Role of Caste and Factions in Andhra Pradesh, 1880–1980
1427:
Gooty Kesava Pillai, a Deenabandhu of South India: A Deenabandhu of South India
1133:
17:
3035:
2834:
611:
Panaganti Ramarayaningar (later Raja of Panagal) (First Minister) (1921–1926)
527:
476:
334:
319:
291:
2887:
2829:
1802:
1762:
1623:
1165:
746:
In 1923, a few prominent members of the Justice Party broke off to form the
586:
377:
1072:
699:
blamed the riots on the "pampering" of Paraiyars by the Labour Department.
539:
to lobby on behalf of the Justice Party before the authorities in England.
51:
1152:. On his death, leading newspapers and magazines poured accolades on him.
943:
Performance of the Justice Party during the tenure of the Raja of Panagal
897:
890:
886:
427:
412:
372:
211:
855:
3045:
2748:
2558:
1659:
The Untouchables: Subordination, Poverty, and the State in Modern India
1361:
Geetha, V.; Rajadurai, S. V., eds. (1928). "Some Non-Brahmin Leaders".
1270:
The Congress in Tamilnad: Nationalist Politics in South India 1919 1937
1081:
680:
551:
512:
431:
287:
2441:
2264:
2262:
2249:
2247:
2234:
2232:
2195:
2193:
917:
460:
408:
400:
283:
750:
and projected themselves as "Democrats". The dissidents were led by
2326:
2324:
2322:
1779:
1777:
1734:
1732:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1580:
1578:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1132:
1071:
302:
683:
while those who desired to end it were largely Scheduled Castes.
815:
was passed which included similar reforms in Andhra University.
2445:
2061:
India's silent revolution: Rise of lower castes in North India
1370:. Periyar Dravidar Kazhagam. pp. 176–179. Archived from
522:
In 1914, the Madras Dravidian Association was established by
1190:
as the Commissioner of the Hindu Religious Endowment Board.
861:
Map of Madras city in 1921, before the draining of Long Tank
1117:
opposed it and requested his ministers to resign. However,
550:. He attended the All India Non-Brahmin Conference held at
1148:
He was succeeded as the President of the Justice Party by
960:
Number of Justice Party members nominated to the council
873:
Madras city in 1955, after Long Tank had been drained out
366:(9 July 1866 – 16 December 1928), also known as the
2174:
Vishnu's Crowded Temple: India Since the Great Rebellion
1970:
1968:
1410:
Nehru, Motilal; Ravinder Kumar, D. N. Panigrahi (1983).
1226:
1224:
399:, Chittoor district on 9 July 1866, and fostered in the
1987:
1985:
1613:
479:
High School in 1886 and graduated in Sanskrit from the
2342:
2330:
2268:
2253:
2238:
2223:
2211:
2199:
2129:"T.Nagar: Shop till you drop, and then shop some more"
2083:
1959:
1884:
1850:
1783:
1738:
1723:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1584:
1569:
1557:
1545:
1533:
1521:
1509:
1497:
1145:
Ramarayaningar died on 16 December 1928 of influenza.
826:
In 1923, M. C. Rajah, a Justice Party leader from the
1751:
1749:
1747:
3211:
Members of the Imperial Legislative Council of India
2156:
The Justice Party: A Historical Perspective, 1916–37
1906:. Kanchi Kamakoti Peetam. p. 48. Archived from
1865:
The Justice Party: A Historical Perspective, 1916–37
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
3196:
Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
3110:
3059:
2980:
2896:
2797:
2707:
2682:
2657:
2577:
2512:
2477:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
717:
1923 Madras Presidency legislative council election
344:
330:
318:
308:
298:
273:
237:
232:
218:
207:
192:
Member of the Imperial Legislative Council of India
191:
179:
169:
151:
138:
115:
103:
84:
65:
34:
2167:
2165:
1944:. Government of Madras. December 1965. p. 12.
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1094:Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
1029:Re-elected as First Minister of Madras Presidency
156:Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon
89:Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon
1470:Political and Social Factors in Andhra, 1900–1956
1156:, a political opponent of the Raja, said of him:
999:Took office as Minister of Local Self-Government
223:Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst
1057:Resigned as First Minister of Madras Presidency
734:, the Minister of Development was replaced with
1298:. Vakils, Feffer and Simmons Ltd. p. 173.
1195:
1171:
1158:
1137:Panagal Maaligai or Panagal Building, formerly
2300:. University of California Press. p. 320.
2063:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 175.
459:Ramarayaningar belonged to Telugu Padmanayaka
2457:
546:and was closely associated with the former's
8:
2021:
2019:
1923:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1708:. University of Calcutta. 2004. p. 101.
1657:Mendelsohn, Oliver; Marika Vicziany (1998).
1364:Revolt – A Radical Weekly in Colonial Madras
774:In 1921, the Raja of Panagal introduced the
2897:Deputy speakers of the legislative assembly
1447:. Anmol Publications PVT LTD. p. 240.
134:17 December 1920 – 3 December 1926
2464:
2450:
2442:
2399:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2099:. Kerala Institute of Local Administration
1661:. Cambridge University Press. p. 94.
1487:. Rational Voice Publications. p. 27.
1064:Source: Encyclopaedia of Political Parties
924:, later minister in the government of the
648:Source: Encyclopaedia of Political Parties
31:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
1235:. London: Harrison and Sons. p. 216.
663:1921 Buckingham and Carnatic Mills Strike
2494:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
954:Assembly Seats won by the Justice Party
939:
667:In 1921, a labour strike erupted in the
591:
581:from 11 July 1921 till 3 December 1926.
1438:
1436:
1247:"List of Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu"
1220:
80:11 July 1921 – 3 December 1926
68:First Minister of the Madras Presidency
2499:Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
2392:
1916:
1323:. Vikas Publishing House. p. 253.
1061:
645:
392:from 11 July 1921 to 3 December 1926.
160:Sir Charles George Todhunter (acting),
94:Sir Charles George Todhunter (acting),
2158:. Poompozhil Publishers. p. 242.
1976:Justice Party Golden Jubilee Souvenir
1867:. Poompozhil Publishers. p. 269.
1076:Statue of the Raja of Panagal inside
501:Imperial Legislative Council of India
7:
2800:Speakers of the legislative assembly
2315:. Scientific Publishers. p. 47.
1233:The India List and India Office List
722:performance to the rift between the
164:George Goschen, 2nd Viscount Goschen
98:George Goschen, 2nd Viscount Goschen
3118:Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu
2285:. Sterling Publishers. p. 116.
2027:"Tamil Nadu swims against the tide"
1978:. Justice Party. 1968. pp. xx.
1900:Pujya Sri Mahaswamy Divya Charitram
1231:Great Britain India Office (1927).
616:Education, Excise and Public works
499:. In 1912, he was nominated to the
403:Calamur family, whose pro-Brahmin,
3206:Presidency College, Chennai alumni
2420:Encyclopaedia of Political Parties
1627:. 22 December 2008. Archived from
792:Madras State Aid to Industries Act
786:Madras State Aid to Industries Act
671:in Madras. This strike was led by
503:and represented the landlords and
475:. He completed his schooling from
25:
3216:Justice Party (India) politicians
2374:. Koodal Publishers. p. 213.
2359:. Koodal Publishers. p. 187.
2343:Encyclopedia of Political Parties
2331:Encyclopedia of Political Parties
2269:Encyclopedia of Political Parties
2254:Encyclopedia of Political Parties
2239:Encyclopedia of Political Parties
2224:Encyclopedia of Political Parties
2212:Encyclopedia of Political Parties
2200:Encyclopedia of Political Parties
2127:Varghese, Nina (29 August 2006).
2084:Encyclopedia of Political Parties
1960:Encyclopedia of Political Parties
1885:Encyclopedia of Political Parties
1851:Encyclopedia of Political Parties
1784:Encyclopedia of Political Parties
1739:Encyclopedia of Political Parties
1724:Encyclopedia of Political Parties
1585:Encyclopedia of Political Parties
1570:Encyclopedia of Political Parties
1558:Encyclopedia of Political Parties
1546:Encyclopedia of Political Parties
1534:Encyclopedia of Political Parties
1522:Encyclopedia of Political Parties
1510:Encyclopedia of Political Parties
1498:Encyclopedia of Political Parties
1399:. A. C. Black. 1967. p. 811.
896:The residential colony was named
359:Raja Sir Panaganti Ramarayaningar
3060:Deputy leaders of the opposition
2685:Deputy speakers of the Lok Sabha
2504:Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam
1796:Rao, Narasimha (27 April 2004).
1445:Encyclopaedia of Dalits in India
1294:Shakunthala Jagannathan (1999).
1169:paid rich tributes to the Raja:
866:
854:
50:
3191:Administrators in British India
2422:. Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd.
2097:"Madras Town Planning Act 1920"
1798:"Go-betweens left in the lurch"
1756:Muthiah, S. (25 October 2004).
1706:The Calcutta Historical Journal
1412:Selected works of Motilal Nehru
776:Hindu Religious Endowments Bill
770:Hindu Religious Endowments Bill
1992:Murugan, N. (9 October 2006).
1840:. Sahitya Akademi. p. 16.
969:Office held by Ramarayaningar
957:Total number of Council seats
932:President of the Justice Party
657:B & C Mills strike of 1921
1:
3186:Chief ministers of Tamil Nadu
900:after Justice Party stalwart
669:Buckingham and Carnatic Mills
577:Ramarayaningar served as the
3123:Cinema in Dravidian politics
2296:Eugene F. Irschick (1969).
2281:Rao, P. Raghunadha (1983).
2176:. Allan Lane. p. 137.
1468:Kesavanarayana, B. (1976).
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
902:Sir Pitti Theagaroya Chetty
639:Sir T. N. Sivagnanam Pillai
395:Ramarayaningar was born in
56:Portrait of Raja of Panagal
3242:
2734:Kadambur M. R. Janarthanan
1821:Parthasarathi, R. (1971).
1758:"When the postman knocked"
1319:Biswanath, Pandey (1977).
1249:. Government of Tamil Nadu
1092:Ramarayaningar was made a
714:
673:V. Kalyanasundara Mudaliar
660:
325:Presidency College, Madras
3143:Rise of Dravidian parties
2983:Leaders of the opposition
2624:V. N. Janaki Ramachandran
2489:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
1683:"Ambush British in India"
1619:"A street name unchanged"
1273:. Routledge, 2017. 2017.
951:Seats in Madras Assembly
942:
631:Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu
626:
595:Ramarayaningar's Cabinet
594:
533:Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu
352:
228:
196:
127:
73:
61:
49:
2858:P. T. R. Palanivel Rajan
2710:Union ministers of state
2389:. New York. p. 178.
2385:Mayo, Katherine (1937).
2370:Subramanian, N. (1976).
2355:Subramanian, N. (1976).
2283:History of Modern Andhra
1321:Leadership in South Asia
1025:Sir P. Theagaroya Chetty
995:Sir P. Theagaroya Chetty
780:Shankaracharya of Kanchi
748:United Nationalist Party
711:Second general elections
677:Indian National Congress
579:First Minister of Madras
573:First Minister of Madras
411:and obtained degrees in
39:Panaganti Ramarayaningar
3097:Alagaapuram R. Mohanraj
3092:Panruti S. Ramachandran
3051:Edappadi K. Palaniswami
2759:Subbulakshmi Jagadeesan
2644:Edappadi K. Palaniswami
2515:Union cabinet ministers
1836:Anjaneyulu, D. (1973).
1443:Rajawat, Mamta (2004).
736:T. N. Sivagnanam Pillai
688:O. Thanikachalam Chetti
560:Government of India Act
471:, and father-in-law of
219:Governor‑General
2744:Gingee N. Ramachandran
2660:Deputy chief ministers
2418:Ralhan, O. P. (2002).
2172:Mishra, Maria (2007).
2154:Rajaraman, P. (1988).
1994:"RESERVATION (Part-2)"
1863:Rajaraman, P. (1988).
1425:Pillai, P. Damodaram.
1200:
1176:
1162:
1142:
1084:
608:Local Self-Government
566:A. Subbarayalu Reddiar
491:Early political career
469:C. V. Runganada Sastri
465:Calamur Sundara Sastri
424:A. Subbarayalu Reddiar
415:, law, philosophy and
143:A. Subbarayalu Reddiar
110:A. Subbarayalu Reddiar
3148:Self-Respect Movement
3072:Su. Thirunavukkarasar
3012:V. M. C. V. Ganapathy
2967:Pollachi V. Jayaraman
2934:V. P. Balasubramanian
2924:Su. Thirunavukkarasar
2619:M. D. R. Ramachandran
2529:Aravinda Bala Pajanor
2057:Jaffrelot, Christophe
1136:
1075:
846:Municipal development
813:Andhra University Act
808:Madras University Act
214:of the United Kingdom
2992:V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
2952:Parithi Ilamvazhuthi
2853:Sedapatti R. Muthiah
2769:S. S. Palanimanickam
2594:V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
2544:Sedapatti R. Muthiah
2311:Innaiah, N. (1981).
2037:on 29 September 2007
1913:on 14 February 2012.
1296:Sir C. P. Remembered
1154:S. Srinivasa Iyengar
756:no-confidence motion
742:No-confidence motion
473:C. P. Ramaswami Iyer
255:North Arcot District
2904:Pulavar K. Govindan
2814:Pulavar K. Govindan
2372:History of Tamilnad
2357:History of Tamilnad
1770:on 24 January 2005.
1694:. 2 September 1921.
1631:on 3 November 2012.
1483:Inniah, N. (2002).
1377:on 12 December 2014
1113:the First Minister
948:Assembly elections
802:Educational reforms
548:Satya Shodhak Samaj
537:Koka Appa Rao Naidu
417:Dravidian languages
3133:Dravidian movement
3082:K. A. Sengottaiyan
2863:V. M. C. Sivakumar
2822:K. A. Mathiazhagan
2779:S. Jagathrakshakan
2614:M. G. Ramachandran
2472:Dravidian Politics
1691:The New York Times
1209:Dravidian movement
1150:B. Munuswamy Naidu
1143:
1085:
922:Sir Muhammed Usman
705:C. Natesa Mudaliar
675:, a leader of the
524:C. Natesa Mudaliar
485:Advanced Chemistry
481:Presidency College
3156:
3155:
3128:Dravidar Kazhagam
3102:R. B. Udhayakumar
3016:R. V. Janakiraman
2845:M. Tamilkudimagan
2809:Si. Pa. Adithanar
2634:R. V. Janakiraman
2539:T. G. Venkatraman
2480:Political parties
2429:978-81-7488-865-5
2183:978-0-7139-9367-7
2070:978-1-85065-670-8
2004:on 8 January 2009
1668:978-0-521-55671-2
1454:978-81-261-2084-0
1070:
1069:
1066:
732:K. V. Reddi Naidu
654:
653:
650:
390:Madras Presidency
364:
356:
355:
348:Statesman, lawyer
263:Chittoor District
259:Madras Presidency
27:Indian politician
16:(Redirected from
3233:
3087:O. Panneerselvam
3026:O. Panneerselvam
3001:P. K. Loganathan
2984:
2801:
2774:V. Radhika Selvi
2711:
2686:
2674:O. Panneerselvam
2661:
2639:O. Panneerselvam
2581:
2524:Sathiavani Muthu
2516:
2481:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2443:
2433:
2405:
2404:
2398:
2390:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2328:
2317:
2316:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2257:
2251:
2242:
2236:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2188:
2187:
2169:
2160:
2159:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2124:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2033:. Archived from
2023:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2000:. Archived from
1989:
1980:
1979:
1972:
1963:
1957:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1922:
1914:
1912:
1905:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1869:
1868:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1810:on 23 June 2004.
1806:. Archived from
1793:
1787:
1781:
1772:
1771:
1766:. Archived from
1753:
1742:
1736:
1727:
1721:
1710:
1709:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1687:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1654:
1633:
1632:
1615:
1588:
1582:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1440:
1431:
1430:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1376:
1369:
1358:
1325:
1324:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1228:
1188:T. Sadasiva Iyer
1129:Death and legacy
1123:M. Krishnan Nair
1110:Simon Commission
1062:
1054:Raja of Panagal
966:Party President
940:
898:Theagaroya Nagar
870:
858:
821:Scheduled Castes
646:
592:
428:Thyagaraya Nagar
362:
280:
277:16 December 1928
247:
245:
233:Personal details
201:
182:
172:
132:
118:
106:
78:
54:
32:
21:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3226:Andhra movement
3161:
3160:
3157:
3152:
3106:
3055:
3031:A. M. H. Nazeem
3005:J. Jayalalithaa
2982:
2976:
2939:V. P. Duraisamy
2892:
2873:R. Avudaiyappan
2799:
2793:
2784:S. Gandhiselvan
2754:K. Venkatapathy
2709:
2703:
2684:
2678:
2659:
2653:
2629:J. Jayalalithaa
2604:M. O. H. Farook
2589:C. N. Annadurai
2580:Chief ministers
2579:
2573:
2564:Dayanidhi Maran
2514:
2508:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2440:
2438:Further reading
2430:
2417:
2414:
2409:
2408:
2391:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2341:
2337:
2329:
2320:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2267:
2260:
2252:
2245:
2237:
2230:
2222:
2218:
2210:
2206:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2171:
2170:
2163:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2126:
2125:
2112:
2102:
2100:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2040:
2038:
2025:
2024:
2017:
2007:
2005:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1974:
1973:
1966:
1958:
1949:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1915:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1883:
1872:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1849:
1845:
1838:Dr. C. R. Reddy
1835:
1834:
1830:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1782:
1775:
1755:
1754:
1745:
1737:
1730:
1722:
1713:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1656:
1655:
1636:
1617:
1616:
1591:
1583:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1520:
1516:
1508:
1504:
1496:
1492:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1455:
1442:
1441:
1434:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1367:
1360:
1359:
1328:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1306:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1229:
1222:
1217:
1205:
1184:
1131:
1090:
934:
926:Raja of Bobbili
878:
877:
876:
875:
874:
871:
863:
862:
859:
840:Dr. Gour's Bill
835:Dr. Gour's Bill
828:Scheduled Caste
764:
744:
719:
713:
665:
659:
620:Sir A. P. Patro
575:
493:
457:
445:J. Jayalalithaa
405:Mylapore clique
384:leader and the
368:Raja of Panagal
309:Political party
282:
278:
249:
243:
241:
202:
197:
180:
170:
161:
158:
147:Raja of Panagal
146:
133:
128:
116:
104:
95:
92:
79:
74:
57:
45:
40:
37:
28:
23:
22:
18:Raja of Panagal
15:
12:
11:
5:
3239:
3237:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3201:Indian knights
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3163:
3162:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3002:
2999:
2997:M. Karunanidhi
2994:
2988:
2986:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2957:A. Arunachalam
2954:
2949:
2947:S. Gandhirajan
2944:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2824:
2819:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2715:
2713:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2699:M. Thambidurai
2696:
2690:
2688:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2663:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2599:M. Karunanidhi
2596:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2549:M. Thambidurai
2546:
2541:
2536:
2534:Murasoli Maran
2531:
2526:
2520:
2518:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2485:
2483:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2446:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2428:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2377:
2362:
2347:
2335:
2318:
2303:
2288:
2273:
2258:
2243:
2228:
2216:
2204:
2189:
2182:
2161:
2146:
2110:
2088:
2076:
2069:
2048:
2015:
1981:
1964:
1947:
1930:
1889:
1870:
1855:
1843:
1828:
1813:
1788:
1773:
1743:
1728:
1711:
1697:
1674:
1667:
1634:
1589:
1574:
1562:
1550:
1538:
1526:
1514:
1502:
1490:
1475:
1472:. p. 299.
1460:
1453:
1432:
1417:
1414:. p. 258.
1402:
1388:
1326:
1311:
1304:
1286:
1279:
1260:
1238:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1201:
1183:
1180:
1130:
1127:
1098:Swarajya Party
1089:
1086:
1068:
1067:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1001:
1000:
997:
992:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
971:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
945:
944:
933:
930:
872:
865:
864:
860:
853:
852:
851:
850:
849:
763:
760:
743:
740:
715:Main article:
712:
709:
661:Main article:
658:
655:
652:
651:
643:
642:
635:
634:
628:
624:
623:
617:
613:
612:
609:
605:
604:
601:
597:
596:
574:
571:
492:
489:
456:
453:
441:M. Karunanidhi
386:First Minister
354:
353:
350:
349:
346:
342:
341:
339:First Minister
332:
328:
327:
322:
316:
315:
310:
306:
305:
300:
296:
295:
281:(aged 62)
275:
271:
270:
267:Andhra Pradesh
239:
235:
234:
230:
229:
226:
225:
220:
216:
215:
209:
205:
204:
194:
193:
189:
188:
183:
177:
176:
173:
167:
166:
153:
149:
148:
140:
136:
135:
125:
124:
119:
113:
112:
107:
101:
100:
86:
82:
81:
71:
70:
63:
62:
59:
58:
55:
47:
46:
41:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3238:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3221:Telugu people
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3181:Indian Hindus
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3159:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3067:K. Anbazhagan
3065:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3021:K. Anbazhagan
3019:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2929:P. H. Pandian
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2914:P. Seenivasan
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:G. Palaniraja
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2840:P. H. Pandian
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2796:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2719:N. V. N. Somu
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2694:G. Lakshmanan
2692:
2691:
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2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2569:M. K. Alagiri
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
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2550:
2547:
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2522:
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2519:
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2511:
2505:
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2500:
2497:
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2476:
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2396:
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2325:
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2299:
2292:
2289:
2284:
2277:
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2270:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2150:
2147:
2134:
2133:Business Line
2130:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2077:
2072:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2036:
2032:
2031:The Statesman
2028:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1940:
1934:
1931:
1926:
1920:
1909:
1902:
1901:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1844:
1839:
1832:
1829:
1824:
1823:S. Satyamurti
1817:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1778:
1774:
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1598:
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1579:
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1503:
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1479:
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1471:
1464:
1461:
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1439:
1437:
1433:
1429:. p. 32.
1428:
1421:
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1406:
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1343:
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1337:
1335:
1333:
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1327:
1322:
1315:
1312:
1307:
1305:81-87111-27-5
1301:
1297:
1290:
1287:
1282:
1280:9781315294193
1276:
1272:
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1234:
1227:
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1199:
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1191:
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1157:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1140:
1135:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1115:P. Subbarayan
1111:
1108:In 1927, the
1106:
1104:
1103:P. Subbarayan
1099:
1095:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1023:
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1003:
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973:
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950:
947:
946:
941:
938:
931:
929:
927:
923:
919:
914:
913:
912:Other reforms
909:
907:
903:
899:
894:
892:
888:
884:
869:
857:
848:
847:
843:
841:
837:
836:
832:
829:
824:
822:
816:
814:
809:
804:
803:
799:
797:
793:
790:In 1922, the
788:
787:
783:
781:
777:
772:
771:
767:
761:
759:
757:
753:
749:
741:
739:
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729:
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629:
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593:
590:
588:
584:
580:
572:
570:
567:
562:
561:
555:
553:
549:
545:
544:Shahu Maharaj
540:
538:
534:
529:
525:
520:
518:
517:Lord Hardinge
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
490:
488:
486:
483:in 1893 with
482:
478:
474:
470:
467:, the son of
466:
462:
454:
452:
448:
446:
442:
438:
433:
429:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
391:
387:
383:
382:Justice Party
379:
375:
374:
369:
365:
360:
351:
347:
343:
340:
336:
333:
329:
326:
323:
321:
317:
314:
313:Justice Party
311:
307:
304:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
240:
236:
231:
227:
224:
221:
217:
213:
210:
206:
200:
195:
190:
187:
186:P. Subbarayan
184:
178:
174:
168:
165:
162:
157:
154:
150:
144:
141:
137:
131:
126:
123:
122:P. Subbarayan
120:
114:
111:
108:
102:
99:
96:
90:
87:
83:
77:
72:
69:
64:
60:
53:
48:
44:
33:
30:
19:
3158:
3138:Dravidianism
3077:Duraimurugan
3041:M. K. Stalin
3009:S. R. Eradha
2972:K. Pitchandi
2943:K. Ponnusamy
2919:N. Ganapathy
2909:G. R. Edmund
2878:D. Jayakumar
2868:K. Kalimuthu
2764:S. Regupathy
2739:M. Kannappan
2669:M. K. Stalin
2649:M. K. Stalin
2609:S. Ramassamy
2419:
2387:Mother India
2386:
2380:
2371:
2365:
2356:
2350:
2338:
2312:
2306:
2297:
2291:
2282:
2276:
2219:
2207:
2173:
2155:
2149:
2137:. Retrieved
2132:
2101:. Retrieved
2091:
2079:
2060:
2051:
2039:. Retrieved
2035:the original
2030:
2006:. Retrieved
2002:the original
1997:
1975:
1933:
1908:the original
1899:
1892:
1864:
1858:
1846:
1837:
1831:
1822:
1816:
1808:the original
1801:
1791:
1768:the original
1761:
1705:
1700:
1689:
1677:
1658:
1629:the original
1622:
1565:
1553:
1541:
1529:
1517:
1505:
1493:
1484:
1478:
1469:
1463:
1444:
1426:
1420:
1411:
1405:
1396:
1391:
1379:. Retrieved
1372:the original
1363:
1320:
1314:
1295:
1289:
1269:
1263:
1251:. Retrieved
1241:
1232:
1196:
1192:
1185:
1177:
1172:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1147:
1144:
1119:Lord Goschen
1107:
1091:
1078:Panagal Park
1063:
1049:
1019:
989:
935:
915:
911:
910:
906:Panagal Park
895:
883:Nungambakkam
879:
845:
844:
839:
838:
834:
833:
825:
817:
812:
807:
805:
801:
800:
796:Madras Act V
795:
791:
789:
785:
784:
775:
773:
769:
768:
765:
745:
720:
696:
693:
685:
681:caste Hindus
666:
647:
641:(1923–1926)
633:(1921–1923)
627:Development
622:(1921–1926)
576:
558:
556:
541:
521:
504:
494:
458:
449:
430:locality in
421:
397:Srikalahasti
394:
371:
367:
358:
357:
279:(1928-12-16)
251:Srikalahasti
198:
181:Succeeded by
159:
129:
117:Succeeded by
93:
75:
29:
3176:1928 deaths
3171:1866 births
2962:P. Dhanapal
2883:P. Dhanapal
2789:D. Nepoleon
2729:R. K. Kumar
2724:T. R. Baalu
2554:T. R. Baalu
1088:Later years
752:C. R. Reddy
701:M. C. Rajah
583:A. P. Patro
509:South India
497:North Arcot
299:Nationality
248:9 July 1866
171:Preceded by
105:Preceded by
3165:Categories
3036:Vijayakant
2835:K. Rajaram
2826:S. Pakkiam
2818:S. Perumal
2412:References
2139:28 October
2103:28 October
1253:20 October
1139:Chingleput
920:medicine.
600:Portfolio
528:Coimbatore
477:Triplicane
455:Early life
345:Profession
335:Legislator
331:Occupation
320:Alma mater
292:Tamil Nadu
244:1866-07-09
2888:M. Appavu
2830:Munu Adhi
2395:cite book
2135:. Chennai
1919:cite book
1803:The Hindu
1763:The Hindu
1624:The Hindu
1166:The Hindu
798:of 1923.
603:Minister
587:Berhampur
557:When the
505:zamindars
378:Kalahasti
203:1912–1915
199:In office
130:In office
76:In office
2345:, Pg 195
2333:, Pg 148
2271:, Pg 194
2256:, Pg 193
2241:, Pg 192
2226:, Pg 191
2214:, Pg 190
2202:, Pg 189
2059:(2003).
1998:National
1853:, Pg 186
1786:, Pg 185
1741:, Pg 184
1726:, Pg 183
1587:, Pg 182
1203:See also
1182:Ideology
891:Mambalam
887:Saidapet
413:Sanskrit
373:zamindar
370:, was a
212:George V
152:Governor
85:Governor
3046:R. Siva
2749:A. Raja
2559:A. Raja
2086:, Pg 75
1962:, Pg 74
1887:, Pg 73
1572:, Pg 51
1560:, Pg 50
1548:, Pg 49
1536:, Pg 48
1524:, Pg 42
1512:, Pg 53
1500:, Pg 24
1381:22 July
1082:Chennai
963:Result
831:party.
762:Reforms
697:Justice
552:Belgaum
513:Viceroy
432:Chennai
288:Chennai
286:, (Now
261:) (now
208:Monarch
139:Premier
3111:Others
2426:
2180:
2067:
2041:19 May
2008:19 May
1665:
1451:
1302:
1277:
918:Siddha
728:Telugu
461:Velama
409:Madras
401:Vadama
303:Indian
284:Madras
1942:(PDF)
1911:(PDF)
1904:(PDF)
1686:(PDF)
1375:(PDF)
1368:(PDF)
1215:Notes
1034:1926
1004:1923
974:1920
724:Tamil
2424:ISBN
2401:link
2178:ISBN
2141:2008
2105:2008
2065:ISBN
2043:2008
2010:2008
1925:link
1663:ISBN
1449:ISBN
1383:2013
1300:ISBN
1275:ISBN
1255:2008
1050:Lost
806:The
726:and
535:and
443:and
380:, a
363:KCIE
274:Died
238:Born
175:None
66:2nd
43:KCIE
1043:34
1040:21
1037:98
1020:Won
1016:17
1013:29
1010:44
1007:98
990:Won
986:18
983:29
980:63
977:98
885:to
585:of
507:of
437:MGR
388:of
376:of
253:, (
36:Sir
3167::
2397:}}
2393:{{
2321:^
2261:^
2246:^
2231:^
2192:^
2164:^
2131:.
2113:^
2029:.
2018:^
1996:.
1984:^
1967:^
1950:^
1921:}}
1917:{{
1873:^
1800:.
1776:^
1760:.
1746:^
1731:^
1714:^
1688:.
1637:^
1621:.
1592:^
1577:^
1435:^
1329:^
1223:^
1080:,
1046:0
823:.
515:,
439:,
337:,
290:,
265:,
257:,
2465:e
2458:t
2451:v
2432:.
2403:)
2186:.
2143:.
2107:.
2073:.
2045:.
2012:.
1927:)
1671:.
1457:.
1385:.
1308:.
1283:.
1257:.
294:)
269:)
246:)
242:(
145:,
91:,
20:)
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