76:
202:
spent Rs. 5 lakhs. Consequently, the immigration from the princely states into
British India in the later stages of the famine began to overwhelm British efforts. In spite of Muir's newly defined responsibility for each district officer, the resulting mortality was great. It is thought that over 1.5
158:
In May 1869, many villagers, who had emigrated earlier now returned to their villages believing that the rains would be early. However, the rains held off until mid-July and, in the interim, many thousands more died of starvation. Even so, the autumn harvest promised to be abundant, but swarms of
143:
The monsoon of 1868 was late in coming. When it came, was light and brief, lasting until only August 1868. There was a shortage of fodder in most areas of
Rajputana, and some areas had water shortages as well. Since the much-needed grain could be brought in only on slow camel trains, the stricken
159:
locusts descended upon the fields and destroyed the young crops. In
September and October 1869, there were heavy rains that, although good for the spring harvest, caused an epidemic of malaria and killed many more. Finally, the anticipated harvest of spring 1870 arrived and ended the famine.
155:, where relief works had been arranged; many wandered in search of food until they died from starvation. Late in 1868, epidemics of cholera broke out among the vulnerable population, and there was no harvest in the spring of 1869.
212:
175:"every District officer would be held personally responsible that no deaths occurred from starvation which could have been avoided by any exertion or arrangement on his part or that of his subordinates."
187:
were spent in the relief effort, Rs. 5 lakh in revenue remission, and Rs. 21 lakhs in a new scheme for agricultural credit. In Agra, another Rs. 30 lakhs were spent in relieving 29 million units (
79:
Map of
Rajputana consisting of the princely states of the Rajputana Agency and the British territory of Ajmer-Merwara, in 1909; the map was little changed since the year of the famine, 1869.
217:
891:
171:, British authorities began to discuss famine policy soon afterwards. In early 1868, Sir William Muir, Lieutenant-Governor of Agra Province, issued a famous order stating that:
886:
726:
457:
439:
421:
364:, Published under the authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press. Pp. xxx, 1 map, 552.
593:
Hill, Christopher V. (1991), "Philosophy and
Reality in Riparian South Asia: British Famine Policy and Migration in Colonial North India",
914:
124:
332:
Hall-Matthews, David (2008), "Inaccurate
Conceptions: Disputed Measures of Nutritional Needs and Famine Deaths in Colonial India",
432:
Famines in India: A Study in Some
Aspects of the Economic History of India With Special Reference to Food Problem, 1860–1990
944:
929:
799:
794:
749:
809:
789:
784:
939:
924:
719:
769:
860:
754:
556:
Ghose, Ajit Kumar (1982), "Food Supply and
Starvation: A Study of Famines with Reference to the Indian Subcontinent",
120:
919:
712:
99:) affected an area of 296,000 square miles (770,000 km) and a population of 44,500,000, primarily in the
650:
586:
Report of the
Commissioners Appointed to Enquire into the Famine in Bengal and Orissa in 1866, Volumes I, II
147:
Many inhabitants of the famine-stricken regions of
Rajputana (for example, two-thirds of the population of
934:
376:
Ambirajan, S. (1976), "Malthusian Population Theory and Indian Famine Policy in the Nineteenth Century",
804:
774:
222:
168:
662:
151:) emigrated with their livestock or herds. Initially, they did not go to the British territory of
694:
678:
638:
610:
519:
483:
393:
349:
868:
686:
573:
527:
491:
453:
452:, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Ltd (reprinted by Adamant Media Corporation),
435:
417:
401:
621:
McAlpin, Michelle B. (1983), "Famines, Epidemics, and Population Growth: The Case of India",
764:
670:
630:
602:
565:
511:
475:
385:
341:
232:
852:
735:
227:
195:
179:
The Government of British India organized famine relief works in the British territory of
100:
31:
666:
759:
569:
128:
908:
614:
353:
199:
132:
698:
674:
825:
515:
479:
108:
39:
835:
606:
345:
104:
75:
35:
690:
577:
531:
495:
405:
414:
Famine: Social Crisis and Historical Change (New Perspectives on the Past)
116:
115:. Other areas affected included Gujarat, the North Deccan districts, the
502:
Dyson, Tim (1991), "On the Demography of South Asian Famines: Part II",
830:
682:
523:
487:
466:
Dyson, Tim (1991), "On the Demography of South Asian Famines: Part I",
397:
642:
167:
Having been criticized for the badly bungled relief effort during the
540:
India's Historical Demography: Studies in Famine, Disease and Society
213:
Timeline of major famines in India during British rule (1765 to 1947)
148:
450:
Open Letters to Lord Curzon on Famines and Land Assessments in India
389:
315:
298:
274:
183:
and in neighboring Agra Province of British India. In Ajmer, Rs. 49
634:
704:
180:
152:
112:
74:
69:
late, brief monsoons, water shortage, swarms of locusts, epidemics
43:
362:
The Indian Empire, Economic (Chapter X: Famine, pp. 475–502
184:
708:
203:
million people died all over Rajputana during the famine.
218:
Famines, Epidemics, and Public Health in the British Raj
892:
Timeline of major famines in India during British rule
879:
844:
818:
742:
65:
57:
49:
27:
20:
542:, Riverdale MD: The Riverdale Company. Pp. ix, 296
887:Timeline of major famines in India prior to 1765
270:
268:
198:of Rajputana provided very little relief: only
549:Report of the Indian Famine Commission, Part I
434:, Stosius Inc/Advent Books Division. Pp. 383,
266:
264:
262:
260:
258:
256:
254:
252:
250:
248:
720:
360:Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. III (1907),
311:
309:
307:
286:
8:
123:, the Agra and Bundelkhand division of the
727:
713:
705:
17:
316:Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. III 1907
299:Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. III 1907
275:Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. III 1907
651:"Famine: Causes, Prevention, and Relief"
649:Mellor, John W.; Gavian, Sarah (1987),
244:
144:areas were more or less inaccessible.
93:Bundelkhand and Upper Hindustan famine
7:
623:Journal of Interdisciplinary History
412:Arnold, David; Moore, R. I. (1991),
570:10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a041557
14:
111:, and the British territory of
42:, and the British territory of
448:Dutt, Romesh Chunder (2005) ,
1:
675:10.1126/science.235.4788.539
584:Government of India (1867),
416:, Wiley-Blackwell. Pp. 164,
755:Great Bengal famine of 1770
516:10.1080/0032472031000145446
480:10.1080/0032472031000145056
121:Central Provinces and Berar
97:Rajputana famine of 1868-70
961:
800:Indian famine of 1899–1900
795:Indian famine of 1896–1897
750:Deccan famine of 1630–1632
547:Famine Commission (1880),
810:Bihar famine of 1966–1967
790:Great Famine of 1876–1878
785:Bihar famine of 1873–1874
607:10.1017/s0026749x00010672
538:Dyson, Time, ed. (1989),
346:10.1017/S0026749X07002892
191:one person for one day).
915:Famines in British India
780:Rajputana famine of 1869
770:Agra famine of 1837–1838
85:Rajputana famine of 1869
22:Rajputana famine of 1869
945:1869 disasters in India
930:Disasters in Rajasthan
558:Oxford Economic Papers
430:Bhatia, B. M. (1991),
177:
89:Great Rajputana Famine
80:
805:Bengal famine of 1943
775:Orissa famine of 1866
223:Company rule in India
173:
169:Orissa famine of 1866
78:
940:19th-century famines
925:History of Rajasthan
595:Modern Asian Studies
334:Modern Asian Studies
667:1987Sci...235..539M
504:Population Studies
468:Population Studies
378:Population Studies
287:Hall-Matthews 2008
81:
900:
899:
869:Akaler Shandhaney
661:(4788): 539–545,
459:978-1-4021-5115-6
441:978-81-220-0211-9
423:978-0-631-15119-7
73:
72:
952:
920:Famines in India
765:Doji bara famine
729:
722:
715:
706:
701:
645:
617:
589:
580:
552:
543:
534:
498:
462:
444:
426:
408:
365:
356:
319:
313:
302:
296:
290:
284:
278:
272:
233:Drought in India
139:Course of famine
131:division of the
125:United Provinces
119:division of the
23:
18:
960:
959:
955:
954:
953:
951:
950:
949:
905:
904:
901:
896:
875:
861:Distant Thunder
840:
814:
738:
736:Famine in India
733:
648:
620:
592:
583:
555:
546:
537:
501:
465:
460:
447:
442:
429:
424:
411:
390:10.2307/2173660
375:
372:
370:Further reading
359:
331:
328:
323:
322:
314:
305:
297:
293:
285:
281:
273:
246:
241:
228:Famine in India
209:
196:princely states
165:
141:
101:princely states
32:princely states
21:
12:
11:
5:
958:
956:
948:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
907:
906:
898:
897:
895:
894:
889:
883:
881:
877:
876:
874:
873:
865:
857:
848:
846:
842:
841:
839:
838:
833:
828:
822:
820:
816:
815:
813:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
760:Chalisa famine
757:
752:
746:
744:
740:
739:
734:
732:
731:
724:
717:
709:
703:
702:
657:, New Series,
646:
635:10.2307/203709
629:(2): 351–366,
618:
601:(2): 263–279,
590:
581:
564:(2): 368–389,
560:, New Series,
553:
544:
535:
510:(2): 279–297,
499:
463:
458:
445:
440:
427:
422:
409:
371:
368:
367:
366:
357:
327:
324:
321:
320:
303:
291:
279:
243:
242:
240:
237:
236:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
208:
205:
164:
161:
140:
137:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
59:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
29:
25:
24:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
957:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
935:1869 in India
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
912:
910:
903:
893:
890:
888:
885:
884:
882:
878:
871:
870:
866:
863:
862:
858:
855:
854:
850:
849:
847:
843:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
823:
821:
817:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
747:
745:
741:
737:
730:
725:
723:
718:
716:
711:
710:
707:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
647:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
619:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
591:
587:
582:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
554:
550:
545:
541:
536:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
500:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
464:
461:
455:
451:
446:
443:
437:
433:
428:
425:
419:
415:
410:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
374:
373:
369:
363:
358:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
330:
329:
325:
318:, p. 488
317:
312:
310:
308:
304:
301:, p. 478
300:
295:
292:
288:
283:
280:
277:, p. 487
276:
271:
269:
267:
265:
263:
261:
259:
257:
255:
253:
251:
249:
245:
238:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
210:
206:
204:
201:
200:Udaipur State
197:
192:
190:
186:
182:
176:
172:
170:
162:
160:
156:
154:
150:
145:
138:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
77:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
45:
41:
37:
33:
30:
26:
19:
16:
902:
867:
859:
851:
779:
658:
654:
626:
622:
598:
594:
585:
561:
557:
548:
539:
507:
503:
471:
467:
449:
431:
413:
381:
377:
361:
337:
333:
294:
282:
193:
188:
178:
174:
166:
157:
146:
142:
96:
92:
88:
84:
82:
58:Total deaths
15:
826:British Raj
474:(1): 5–25,
384:(1): 5–14,
340:(1): 1–24,
289:, p. 1
61:1.5 million
909:Categories
588:, Calcutta
551:, Calcutta
326:References
127:, and the
117:Jubbalpore
87:(also the
615:144560088
354:146232991
105:Rajputana
36:Rajputana
691:17758244
578:11620403
532:11622922
496:11622922
406:11630514
207:See also
880:Related
853:Nabanna
836:El Niño
831:Monsoon
743:Famines
699:3995896
683:1698676
663:Bibcode
655:Science
524:2174784
488:2174991
398:2173660
28:Country
872:(1980)
864:(1973)
856:(1944)
819:Issues
697:
689:
681:
643:203709
641:
613:
576:
530:
522:
494:
486:
456:
438:
420:
404:
396:
352:
163:Relief
149:Marwar
133:Punjab
129:Hissar
66:Causes
50:Period
845:Media
695:S2CID
679:JSTOR
639:JSTOR
611:S2CID
520:JSTOR
484:JSTOR
394:JSTOR
350:S2CID
239:Notes
189:i.e.,
185:lakhs
181:Ajmer
153:Ajmer
113:Ajmer
109:India
44:Ajmer
40:India
687:PMID
574:PMID
528:PMID
492:PMID
454:ISBN
436:ISBN
418:ISBN
402:PMID
194:The
83:The
53:1869
671:doi
659:235
631:doi
603:doi
566:doi
512:doi
476:doi
386:doi
342:doi
103:of
34:of
911::
693:,
685:,
677:,
669:,
653:,
637:,
627:14
625:,
609:,
599:25
597:,
572:,
562:34
526:,
518:,
508:45
506:,
490:,
482:,
472:45
470:,
400:,
392:,
382:30
380:,
348:,
338:42
336:,
306:^
247:^
135:.
107:,
95:,
91:,
38:,
728:e
721:t
714:v
673::
665::
633::
605::
568::
514::
478::
388::
344::
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