1768:
1088:, whose troops had pacified Wallachia. According to Coronini, Ghica had formed his new "regular cabinet" from the "depraved and demoralized boyar clique"—including Ralet (known to him as "Raletto"). By contrast, Sibechi notes Ralet's "unrelenting efforts for the development of Moldavian education", and especially his success in obtaining a sizable budget from Ghica (much of it went toward the establishment of new schools). Scriban also underscores that "everyone knows that, in this capacity, he distinguished himself with his fiery zeal and his stoic abnegation". In recognition for his role, in 1855 he was made president of clubs: the Society for the Encouragement of Young Romanians to Study Abroad, and the Naturalists' Society. One of his donations went to
1377:
980:
1326:. As recalled by Papadopol-Calimah, a group of ministers comprising Ralet, Mavrogheni, Negri and Ion Ghica was most unrelenting in persuading the Prince that he should adopt the most advanced reforms in this particular field. Ralet joined the unionist committee in or around 30 May 1856, almost immediately after Prince Grigore had ended his term (with a farewell speech in which he encouraged his ministers to rally around the unionist ideal). The interval saw the was depicted as one of unionist leaders in a
1653:. On 19 October 1857, Ralet participated in the session which confirmed the Divan deputies' platform—unification, autonomy and neutrality for the resulting state, constitutionalism, and the election of a foreigner as monarch. A Wallachian guest, Marin Serghiescu, found that "our brother Rallet" was largely responsible for the consensus being reached. He was also instrumental in obtaining Catargiu's approval for the platform, after successfully proposing that motions on
1038:(who was a Botoșani native and effectively a leader of the National Party), prompted Ralet to resume his career in Moldavian politics. In June 1849, Ralet was Ghica's director of the Justice Department, with the Bukovinan community rejoicing in September that he and other revolutionaries were instilling a "beneficent spirit" in Moldavia's public affairs. He had a hands-on role in institutional modernization: from 30 November 1850, he served with Kogălniceanu, Rolla and
600:, the Ottoman capital, and only arrived in Botoșani in 1819. Sibechi describes this claim as "hardly verifiable", though he acknowledges its treatment as fact by various authors, especially since, in his later life, Dimitrie was legally classified as a non-citizen. He also notes that Dimitrie was indeed the oldest of four children—he had a brother, Iancu, as well as two sisters, Catinca and Elencu. Another Iancu, who was the writer's paternal cousin, was a
1019:; he also reconnected with other exiles, who had formed a Romanian Revolutionary Committee, and helped draft proclamations on their behalf. These readings are placed in doubt by Sibechi—since, in his letters to Czajkowski and other Polish colleagues, Ralet describes himself as living in Botoșani and Bucecea, as late as August 1848. On 13 July, he was present at Iași, helping to instigate a rally of about one thousand people, who wished to petition the
1747:. His vision of written Romanian was as a language that would be understandable to common folk, "though without being retrograde". Scholar Ion Roman highlights another difference between Ralet and his peer Bolintineanu, who was also writing accounts of his Ottoman journeys: the former is "concise in his expression, this being a quality that Bolintineanu does not display." The two men apparently read each other's notes, and there is a degree of
1533:("Quarrel"), which is "charmingly dosed" and contains a "very interesting lexical matter"; the same work is reviewed by Anghelescu as a study in the yeomanry's encroachment by land-grabbing boyars. As Frunză asserts, Ralet the playwright should be commended for his originality, as well as for his "enrichment of the language with numerous folk expressions." Resuming his propaganda work at Iași, Ralet also authored a brochure,
1119:. The Prince himself was more interested in ending slavery; Ralet and Panu argued that this should be done by sheer abolition, with no compensation for the owners, but their proposal was immediately vetoed by Ștefan Catargiu, who "began shouting that this would mean spoliation." The controversy was abruptly ended by news that a Romani slave, Dincă, had committed a murder-suicide to protest his fate; this soon became a
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1696:, in Paris. One letter by their fellow deputy, C. Hurmuzachi, indicates that they had no legal mandate, and simply took their orders from Bucharest—the situation, Hurmuzachi noted, was anomalous, adding: "Ralet is both sick and a diplomat of that well-known school, or clique." Elsewhere, Hurmuzachi clarifies that he viewed Ralet and Panu as the associates of Kogălniceanu, whom he regarded as Moldavia's "
1800:—according to Zamfir, this attitude reflected the writer's own moral agony, as he was already losing his battle with tuberculosis. It is the only full-scale book Ralet ever wrote: although deeply cultured, he was reticent with other people and frightened of exposing himself to the public. Ralet died on 25 October 1858, in either Botoșani or Bucecea. His death certificate, which refers to him as the "
541:, and calling Alexandru into the country, to join him. Little is known about the Dimitrie Jr's earliest years, including the exact date of his birth—with secondary and tertiary sources suggesting "probably 1816", but also 1815 and 1817. The writer was born from Alexandru's marriage to Maria (also known as Marghioala), the daughter of baron Teodor (Tudori) von Mustață, a wealthy merchant from
1716:
princes, whom he saw as groveling for their respective thrones. Ralet was already struggling to remain active. The sickness mentioned by
Hurmuzachi was diagnosed as tuberculosis; it had been greatly aggravated during his time in Pera, and he was seeking assistance from qualified physicians in the West. During his stay, he printed in Paris the definitive account of his Oriental journey:
844:'s wit, his "cruelty" presented in "the most neutral tone"). According to Anghelescu, Ralet had "remarkable ease of expression" in presenting the various personality types of a Westernizing society, "characterized with apparent bonhomie in poses that are actually rooted in a mordant ridicule." He sees the satirist as announcing the humorous or polemical essays of Hasdeu and
1365:, asking Abdulmejid to recall Balș. This initiative was received with consternation by a Bukovinan associate, C. Hurmuzachi; though he did not approve of Balș, he argued that Ralet and the others were voluntarily chipping away at Moldavia's political autonomy. He also claimed that the letter was a trap set for them by the Sturdzas, in collaboration with another former
1148:, who informed them that he did not approve of Ghica's plan, which was to take nationalize virtually all the estates held by the "Holy Realms", and would only support the purchase or confiscation of a quarter of the land. Despite this disagreement, the two Moldavians were joined on their journey by a Wallachian diplomat, D. Aristarhi. They then crossed over to
1235:. Upon making this choice, he decided never again to write his letters in French, as he had done occasionally up to that point, explaining that: "we must now, more than ever before, think and feel in Romanian". According to Cornea, he engaged in this new work with the same "abnegation and manly dignity" that had characterized Wallachia's radical liberal,
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1783:, and especially for doing so without "blindly adopting what we in Europe take to mean civilization We would not wish for them to regard as prejudice all things that hamper vice." He also underscores his definitive identification as a Romanian, censuring the Phanariotes for having "exploited the Romanian lands", making satirical remarks about
1007:. Ralet, Rolla and Alecsandri were among the few who managed to escape the encirclement by either running out the back door or jumping out the window. Various historians believe that Ralet was forced to escape additional retribution by crossing the border into Bukovina. Bejenariu credits such accounts, believing that Ralet was welcomed by the
1211:). These had been collected from Moldavian citizens through a public subscription, specifically to benefit Sevastopol veterans. Ralet and Negri's correspondence with Prince Ghica additionally reveals that they were to consider offering military support by Moldavian militias, a "baptism of blood" that would then entitle Moldavia to claim
484:; this interpretation is disputed by historian Gheorghe Sibechi, who notes that the original Rallis and another Rallet family had their own representatives in the Principalities, and did not seem to be claimed as relatives by the Alexandru's kin. Research initiated by literary scholar Mircea Anghelescu, and completed by historian
1275:("a people that wishes to parade its history, as is natural, cannot be alienated from its most legitimate and dearest possession, namely the language of one's parents"). According to Pippidi, the observations he made on this topic are "perfectly reasonable", and backed up by citations from philologists such as
770:, the Moldavian capital; from 1844, he rented a room in Costachi Sturdza's townhouse, which later also hosted the Naturalists' Society museum. In parallel, from 1841, Ralet was president of the Botoșani tribunal. According to Sion, he owed this appointment, as well as his status as a civilian officer, or
1400:. Assisted by his minister Costin Catargi, he introduced censorship of the press during March. Ralet himself channeled the opposition to such moves, opening his house in Iași to be used by "men of letters" who signed petitions; he and the unionist committee presented Vogoride with one of these papers.
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Writing to I. Ghica from France, Ralet revealed the scope of his conversations with
Napoleon's courtiers. He had asked that, should unionism be rejected, then "at least spare us from having to deal with the estranged figures of the past". This referred to the activity of several, self-exiled, former
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tasked him with verifying and validating other elections, and, on 4 October, elected him as one of its five permanent secretaries. Ralet and Panu were assigned to a 9-member committee which set the main points on the agenda; doing so required his direct cooperation with conservative unionists such as
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died suddenly the following March—this turn of events was seen by Ralet as ominous, in that it showed the outcome of policies that go against "public opinion and a people's wishes". Balș had designated
Vogoride as his successor. Ralet expressed satisfactions with this move, since Vogoride's status as
1820:
recorded as news that: "The widow of D. Ralet, that writer and combatant for the Union, has died in Iași." Ralet left his estate to be used by the government, for works of charity. He also specified that part of his money should go to furthering the education of impoverished young girls of Iași. His
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works include some frontal attacks on the boyars' take on modernization, which had resulted in their "doing their best not to stay
Romanian"; "the harnesses are Russian, the saddles English, the beards and cigars Spanish, the language, the marriages, the fashions are all French." Ralet's moderating
1361:, to the one-man regency, upon which he began a heavy-handed repression of the National Party. Ralet's correspondence details allegations against the regime, and especially his perception of Balș as a servant of Austrian interests. In January 1857, Ralet, Mavrogheni and Kogălniceanu signed up to an
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In early 1856, an
Austrian informant in Moldavia, known simply as Stokera, reported that Ralet was among a group of 43 boyars who could legitimately contest the princely throne in Iași, but who "rendered no real service to the country, have no partisans, and the same time never stated a claim up to
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headgear in favor of regular hats had also liberated their thinking. As Frunză notes, the humorous aspects of such prose mostly serve to highlight "the decay of contemporary feudal society, with its luxuries, its cosmopolitan habits, and its duplicitous conventionality." She is more reserved toward
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town. Possibly educated abroad, and already a polyglot in his twenties, Dimitrie took over his father's job at the tribunal in 1841—but only served briefly, and with interruptions. He first published as a translator in 1837, before making his actual debut in 1840, with short essays in social satire
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The protest was ignored; this prompted the committee to form a delegation, comprising Ralet, Alecsandri and Kogălniceanu, which was sent to contact the
European commissars, who operated from Bucharest. They arrived there on 13 April, and went on to meet the plenipotentiaries. The French commissar,
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put out by D. I. Cerbureanu. By June, he had embarked on a correspondence with Ion Ghica, informing him that the nationalist platform was taken up by the counties, but also that the "reactionaries" had gone on the offensive. The unionist movement, he noted, was being labeled as anti-state, even as
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is praised by Zamfir for expressing the full scope of its author's personality, and for its convincing depiction of
Istanbul as a "view on the world itself". As the same critic observes, Ralet veered away from "romantic cliches", and instead reached artistic profundity in commending the Turks for
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to be Ralet's most important work, was impressed by its "melancholy sense of history", but also for his "direct observations of the common folk, whom he loves for its modesty and its honest nature". He proposes that such digressions announce the more accomplished essays of a
Wallachian writer,
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recounted that
Dimitrie Jr had been "born a Moldo-Romanian", though such verdicts may be misleading: Pippidi notes the paradox that, for all his embrace of local interests, the writer "was not even born in Moldavia." Scholar Ionel Bejenaru sees him as a Bukovinan by birth, while he notes that
1720:. Rated by critics a talented dilettante who wrote an enjoyable prose, he combined sociological observations with a moralist's indulgent irony. As seen by Pippidi, he may have been "the first interpreter of Turkish culture in Romanian, and for Romanian readers." Anghelescu, who considers
1876:. As reported by the Alecsandri, the Iași apartment still nominally rented by "our poor friend Rallet" and the adjacent room (which housed an elephant skeleton) were used as a temporary headquarters by Cuza's supporters. The state's new institutions included a Central Commission in
1494:, carried by the National Party. As recounted by Bejenaru, Ralet "uncovered the masquerade", ensuring that unionism could no longer be opposed. The same was noted by Anghelescu and Sibechi, according to whom Ralet was the most significant party in undoing Vogoride's conspiracy.
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a foreigner had angered the old and established
Moldavian boyardom, pushing it toward unionism. Upon beginning his mandate, Vogoride revealed himself as a conservative, and loyal to the Porte—in what was a last-ditch effort to contain the unionists, ahead of a scheduled
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The committee tried to muster international opposition to Vogoride. It sent Ralet on another mission to contact the commissars in Bucharest—this time alongside Metropolitan Scriban. The full intrigue was uncovered by Vogoride's wife (and Negri's half-sister)
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Ralet and Neculai Canano were the two National-Party candidates elected by Botoșani's college of great landowners, in what was an all-unionist sweep. He took 37 out of a possible 40 votes, and began his mandate on 30 August. On 23 September, the resulting
624:. As a child, Dimitrie lived for a while in that locality, as well as in Botoșani and Nicșeni. Anghelescu emphasizes young Ralet's deep familiarity with classical Moldavian prose and poetry, noting that his literature was one of "continuity" with that of
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The Ralets were admitted into the upper strata of the Moldavian boyardom, making Dimitrie Jr the recipient of an elite education, which began with his tutoring at home. Following her father's death in 1825, Maria inherited the then-Bukovinan hamlet of
1825:
in Iași, Metropolitan Scriban dedicated Ralet his sermon in his memory, calling him "our friend of principle and of duty, of deeds and of sorrows", as well as "the first Apostle of regeneration". Immediate tributes also include an article by poet
1458:, a landowner in Bucecea, and a "government-recognized lawyer". The election was compromised by widespread fraud, attributable to Vogoride and his Ottoman enablers. An indignant Ralet produced commentary on the manner in which Vogoride and
1509:("Pavel the Sexton"), which enjoyed success with the public. Lăzăreanu believes that Ralet had mastered the genre, with all samples being "equally good". He notes that his metaphors had surpassed the poetic standards set by the likes of
1084:, with the Ottomans still exercising suzerainty. On 9 November 1854, Ghica resumed his reign, and Ralet was assigned Minister of Religious Affairs and Education. This investiture was discussed in a letter sent by the Austrian general
1283:; the articles make him one of the first culture critics to have explored the topic of exterior "forms" and native "content". The status of Moldavia under foreign tutelage was explored by Ralet in his rhyming work of satire,
1239:. Ralet and Alecsandri were "factor of pacification and cohesion", who resented demagoguery and always maintained a "sense of ridicule". During 1855, Ralet became a regular contributor in Alecsandri's nationalist review,
1023:. He apparently could move freely into Bukovina, without being counted as an exile, since he was reliably spotted there by Iraclie Gołęmbiowski-Porumbescu; in early 1849, he also intervened with the Hurmuzachis to rescue
1767:
921:"). As Frunză notes, its significance is primarily as a historical document. Its eight cycles featured detailed attacks on the conservative Prince Sturdza, describing all forms of political corruption benefiting the
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shared between them. Bolintineanu's own account, in the definitive print, features an homage to his Moldavian colleague, commending him for his "ingenious observations" on the society of Pera. Manolescu agrees that
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being readable, "with only a few wrinkles", by 21st-century standards. He also finds Ralet to be a "memorable exception", as one of the few introspective, self-deprecating, Romanian romantics, and a "master of
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Christophoros Rallis, and the nephew of Isaac Ralet, who held high-ranking positions in Wallachia in the 1820s. Alexandru's father or elder brother, also called Dimitrie, had arrived to Moldavia within a
403:, where, as a moderate, he helped recruit conservatives for the unionist cause. His final literary works include comedic plays which were widely acclaimed, including by modern critics, his own version of
1474:, Iordache Pruncu, whom he depicted as accepting bribery in exchange for fraud. Also then, Ralet found himself stripped of his right to vote, since he "did not provide evidence of his naturalization" (
1412:, Ralet voiced his admiration for the Wallachian campaigners, who, despite forming several distinct electoral committees, had all embraced the unionist platform. He himself became a correspondent for
1357:, Ralet expressed nostalgia for, and gratitude toward, his former liege Grigore Ghica, seen by him as "the most national" of recent rulers. The anti-unionists managed to appoint one of their patrons,
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in a subservient position. In January 1844, when he agreed to a partial manumission of the Romanies, Sturdza received homages from a "deputation of the youths", which comprised Ralet, Rolla, and
1073:(1852). A dissenting assessment was provided by Sion, who wrote off Ghica as "insane", and identified Ralet as primarily a Greek whose ascent had helped marginalize more competent Moldavians.
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sat on a committee which supervised the construction of a Botoșani hospital. In November 1846, he pledged to donate part of his revenue, as well as one of his own estates, for that project.
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take on Westernization was also illustrated by fragments which poke fun at Western European travelers to Iași—though Ralet also believed, genuinely so, that boyars who had renounced their
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and enriches it with the "unpredictable associations" that form a staple of Ralet's humor. "One of the most intelligent" travelogues, its essay-like portions (such as one explaining the
1125:, allowing Ghica to speed up the abolition. Between July 1855 and March 1856, Ralet and Negri were sent on what turned out to be a successful diplomatic mission to Istanbul, by way of
1046:, and personally authored and published its legal instrument. As Cornea reports, Ralet was universally acclaimed for his competence in that ministry; various contemporary articles in
659:. Its title, which would now commonly translate to "Pleasure of the Senses", was explained in 1980 by Pippidi as "Pleasures of Sensibility". It was followed in 1840 by the collection
1490:). Negri and Rallet networked between her and the French legation in Bucharest, threatening to publish the evidence; in the aftermath of the scandal, the Ottomans agreed to have a
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descent, and may not have been born in Moldavia; his family history, as well as the circumstances of his birth and early life, remain mysterious and controversial. His father, the
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Anghelescu (1978), p. 6; Bolintineanu & Roman, pp. xii–xiii; Dumitru, pp. 87–88; Frunză, p. 597; Ghica, p. xxi; Iordache, p. 285; Papadopol-Calimah, p. 29; Sibechi, p. 108
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of his oriental journey—one of the first such texts by a Moldavian, and among the masterpieces of the genre in its Romanian context. Ralet spent some of his final months in
1930:. Despite Alecsandri's efforts, the deceased writer was fading out of the public's memory. Cornea, writing in 1966, called him "one of the most endearing figures among the
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Ralet Jr only served as judge to 1843 or 1844, and again in 1847–1848, since he felt that he did not have a calling. The liberal caucus generally opposed Sturdza and the
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461:
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Also in 1857, Ralet was inspired to contribute works of drama, seeing theater as a venue for national pedagogy, and, to this end, contributed several satirical plays
1708:. According to Bulwer, Ralet was a more practical man than Kogălniceanu, since the latter still did not accept union without a set of democratic reforms (including
340:, he apparently escaped punishment, and networked with the other anti-Sturdzaists from his home in Botoșani. Ralet joined a National-Party cabinet formed by Prince
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1895:. Lăzăreanu and other scholars have proposed that the titular aggrieved yeoman, appearing in both, versions is also the inspiration for the pugnacious rooster in
632:. He picked up both Greek and French by conversing with his immediate relatives; he later learned German (and was thus regarded as Moldavia's resident expert on
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un popor ce vrea să se îngâmfeze cu istoria sa, firește, nu poate să fie înstrăinat de moștenirea sa cea mai legiuită și cea mai scumpă, de limba părinților săi
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1253:. In December of that year, possibly after being encouraged by Ion Ghica, he began recording his impressions of the Oriental travel he had just returned from.
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4034:
1927:
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1408:, noted that the three "men of high distinction" managed to impress him and his colleagues, who became more favorable toward unionist grievances. Ahead of
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sees it as "interesting", "surprising in its observational finesse", and of "astounding modernity", being overall worthy of the French models it emulates (
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1701:
913:. A memoir by fellow revolutionist Kogălniceanu identifies Ralet as the author of propaganda verse, circulating in leaflets and later bound together as
2909:
Elena Pălănceanu, Cornelia Apostol, "Unirea Țării Românești cu Moldova la 24 ianuarie 1859, temelie a constituirii statului național român modern", in
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1195:. As reported by this other Ghica, Negri and Ralet were being harassed by the Greek monks, who opposed the confiscations, and also snubbed by the
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notes it as "rather dull and of little significance." Another positive verdict is provided by literary historian Maria Frunză, who argues that
1684:. In May of June 1858, Ralet left for France, on what was possibly his final diplomatic mission. After consultations with Wallachians such as
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1335:). He insisted on providing his direct contribution to the modernization of Moldavia's landscape: also in June, he and Alecsandri, alongside
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As Pippidi explains, Ralet's private life had remained a mystery, with the only clue offered by a brief passage of the last will. Here, the
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identifying the exact place is the subject of much controversy. Sion contends that all of Alexandru's "sons and daughters" were natives of
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In parallel to his nationalist engagement, and in contrast to other figures of his revolutionary generation, Ralet came to express his
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The revolutionary conspiracy quickly unraveled: in April 1848, the rebels met at Iași's Casimir House, where they were ambushed by the
1902:
Ralet's fables remained in circulation during the 1880s and '90s, when they were included in topical collections by G. S. Petrini and
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in Moldavia-proper, and several houses in Botoșani; Bucecea was assigned to her husband, and, in January 1828, was elevated by Prince
1491:
871:, since these were "original, but sometimes labored". Zamfir similarly questions the value of Ralet's debut verse, which appeared in
505:
389:
352:, as Ghica's diplomat, he advanced points of policy which moved Moldavia closer to the Western powers, and away from her status as a
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1187:, Ralet and Negri could network with a colony of Moldavian and Wallachian expatriates, whose other members included Alecsandri and
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Nestor Vornicescu, "Participarea mitropolitului Moldovei Sofronie Miclescu la înfăptuirea Unirii Principatelor Române — 1859", in
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in 1849, when he contributed to the abolition of slavery, the introduction of educational reforms, and the first steps toward the
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520:
254:
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1922:, which he valued as a manifesto against "foreign interference". The Kingdom era marked the affirmation of Dimitrie's nephew,
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Trecute vieți de doamne și domnițe. Vol. III: De la restabilirea domniilor pământene până la Unirea Principatelor, 1822—1859
1926:—who, until his death in January 1916, was a distinguished professor of mathematics at Iași, as well as an organizer of the
1864:
s terminal affliction had prevented him from witnessing the realization of his cherished dream, namely the formation of the
1822:
1787:, and being enthralled by the Wallachian bourgeoisie (with its "national vigor" and its cult for the vernacular writings of
1080:, which finally resulted in the Danubian Principalities being placed under the oversight of European powers, including the
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this point". In June, however, various Moldavian opinion-makers were advancing a project to form a triumvirate regency of
538:
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1907:
1764:, which Ralet found to be healthier than the Moldavians' "efforts and sobs") are "unequaled" and "unblemished by time."
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337:
1353:, with Ralet, Mavrogheni and Negri as the three most sympathetic candidates. In his correspondence with the Wallachian
832:, and later developed by Kogălniceanu. Manolescu proposes that Ralet copied this template, but explored new grounds in
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Principatele române în epoca modernă. Vol. II: Administrația regulamentară și tranziția la statul de drept (1831—1859)
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1934:", adding: "the cause of the obscurity surrounding his name to the adversity of fate." By the time a new edition of
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1107:, recalls that, by early 1855, most members of the cabinet were pushing for immediate reforms: Ralet prioritized the
693:, himself endowed with "sharp observational skill, fine intelligence, and a penchant for satire." In his overview of
388:. He exposed Vogoride's discrimination and electoral fraud to international attention, being largely responsible for
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680:
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Simion-Alexandru Gavriș, "Lascăr Catargiu și 'versiunea conservatoare' a unionismului moldovenesc (1855—1859)", in
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s comedic writing was reused in the 1860s by Alecsandri, who used it for another of his musical comedies, known as
1434:
1249:, concentrated his "realistic observation." He returned from Istanbul with another steamboat, reaching the port of
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considered them samples of a "philosophical mindset" that had eluded his peers, making Ralet a Moldavian answer to
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306:
235:
2337:, "Din istoria evreilor. Împopularea, reîmpopularea și întemeiarea târgurilor și a târgușoarelor în Moldova", in
1839:
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of "things of interest to the Romanian people", featuring one of Ralet's moralizing essays. One theme from the
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had re-engineered the electoral body in order to over-represent the known "reactionaries". A letter he sent to
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794:
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Mihai Pruteanu as yeoman Harță, in a 1960 production of Alecsandri's play, which reuses Ralet's comedic themes
1307:; he qualifies this verdict by pointing out the brochure's ideological worth, which is "beyond any reproach."
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979:
905:. Ralet was involved in the conspiratorial meetings of the Botoșani boyars, and established direct links with
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of Botoșani, and also the inaugural chairman of that city's tribunal. Moldavia and neighboring Wallachia (the
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3560:
1851:
noticed that one of its characters, the poet Acrostichescu, resembled "that poor fella Dumitrachi [
1709:
1654:
1268:
1035:
873:
828:. They are consciously modeled on literary portraits, or "physiognomies", introduced in Romanian writing by
457:
341:
3076:
Rodica Iftimi, Sorin Iftimi, "Alegătorii divanului ad-hoc din Moldova (1857). Un manuscris necunoscut", in
1303:. Cornea was dismissive of its literary value, suggesting that Ralet had shown significantly more skill in
1160:. Upon his arrival to Istanbul, Ralet became one of the last visitors received by the Polish exile writer,
488:, points to a close Rallis–Rallet connection. Pippidi hypothesizes that Dimitrie was the great-grandson of
1670:
1487:
1288:
1276:
1093:
751:
3736:
2137:
2005:
1816:
mentions a "beloved creature, who had given purpose to this sad life of mine". In August 1907, historian
1241:
3829:
3566:
2979:
1865:
1510:
1311:
901:, of which he was a prominent supporter—having by then been identified as a figure of importance in the
652:
636:), Latin, as well as rudiments of Italian, English, and Russian. He reportedly completed his studies in
473:
443:
422:
3716:
1821:
grave is located in the burial grounds assigned to the Dormition Church of Botoșani. On 1 November, at
1463:
821:
3703:
4024:
3834:
3756:
Constantin Visarion Mîndru, "150 de ani de la înființarea Muzeului de Istorie Naturală din Iași", in
3611:
3388:
2454:
2346:
1903:
1689:
1459:
1323:
1228:
1081:
1048:
931:
Nicolae Millo; another one mocked Toderică Ghica, who had turned firefighters on the angry crowds of
925:
and the most rapacious boyars. One fragment contained specific allegations against the land-grabbing
910:
845:
785:
641:
414:
321:
3789:
3632:
2590:
1173:
1133:). The two envoys probed the Porte regarding the Moldavian monasteries and their foreign loyalties.
763:
592:
2984:
1873:
1848:
1259:
additionally featured Ralet's renewed critique of Latinate modernizers. His articles note that the
1236:
1008:
829:
755:
694:
528:
250:
2338:
1918:
as "worthy of a distinct place in all public and private libraries". Also that year, he reprinted
1121:
3924:
3636:
2759:
2449:
1911:
1761:
1726:
790:
664:
637:
317:
3539:
Steamboat Modernity: Travel, Transport, and Social Transformation on the Lower Danube, 1830–1860
1650:
1451:
1039:
1923:
883:
in various installments (1841–1844). He reserves some praise for Ralet's pioneering samples of
3794:
3740:
3728:
3707:
3689:
3593:
3589:
3546:
2863:
2602:
2350:
2334:
2009:
1744:
1740:
1526:
1483:
988:
743:
698:
629:
562:
542:
469:
410:
190:
170:
64:
780:. Ralet took this title on 8 May 1842, almost exactly three years before Alexandru's death.
1514:
1486:, who confiscated her husband's incriminating correspondence with the Porte (represented by
1354:
1336:
906:
798:
676:
385:
320:, and exposing Sturdza as the ringleader of a corrupt boyar clique. He arrived at espousing
3586:
Călători străini despre Țările Române în secolul al XIX-lea. Serie nouă, Vol. VI: 1852–1856
3808:
3768:
3646:
1776:
1748:
1685:
1681:
1680:, shaped by his experiences in Istanbul; in his final years, he had taken up the study of
1370:
1161:
1149:
1004:
570:
566:
546:
524:
68:
1024:
1513:, and were reaching for more uncommon comparisons. Manolescu saw them as announcing the
3775:
2851:
1931:
1896:
1606:
1537:("The Union and Its Naysayers"), which ended in his own version of the patriotic hymn,
1522:
1471:
1358:
1300:
1260:
1216:
1126:
1104:
922:
833:
825:
777:
731:
633:
509:
485:
465:
381:
361:
357:
309:
293:
76:
1657:
be postponed, allowing the perpetuation of boyar privileges. In November, Ralet was a
3823:
3455:
3383:
1834:, in November 1858. Its artistic worth created a bond between Bolintineanu and Sion.
1827:
1817:
1642:
1518:
1421:
1381:
1340:
1164:, before his death later that year; the Wallachian guest met Ottoman figures such as
1020:
884:
848:; like Hasdeu, Ralet spent considerable time in mocking intellectuals who aspired to
645:
513:
393:
155:
3624:
Angela-Ramona Dumitru, "Organizarea bisericească a Țării Românești (1849–1856)", in
3617:
Horia Dumitrescu, "Legendarul Ioan Roată — personalitate emblematică a Vrancei", in
1136:
The first leg of the voyage took the two Moldavians to the Wallachian capital city,
3428:
1693:
1619:
1438:, in which he explained the cause of Moldo–Wallachian union as fundamental for the
1208:
1060:
840:" form of entertainment (while also remaining a "sarcastic moralist" with hints of
809:
772:
617:
438:
418:
301:
175:
145:
1543:. Seen by Manolescu as "quite good verse", it included the following exhortation:
2627:
Stanisław Łukasik, "Relațiunile lui Mihail Czajkowski-Sadyk Pașa cu Românii", in
364:'s attempt to litigate on the monasteries issue took them on an extended trip to
3721:
2847:
1757:
1677:
1590:
1539:
1362:
1089:
1077:
1053:
759:
689:
494:
417:, trying to obtain support for the union, and also looking after his aggravated
405:
349:
285:
272:
258:
207:
88:
1478:); according to Sibechi, the accusation may have been at least partly correct.
1191:, as well as with the Frenchman Laurent, who had been incapacitated during the
1052:
speak of him as an altruistic and incorruptible statesman, who had assimilated
588:, while listing "Moldavia" for all his wife and children. A funeral oration by
1877:
1788:
1658:
1327:
1315:
1212:
1184:
1097:
1043:
1012:
888:
609:
550:
452:
267:
262:
180:
2856:
Enciclopedia imaginariilor din România. II: Patrimoniu și imaginar lingvistic
2051:
Ionel Bejenaru, "Dicționarul botoșănenilor. Dimitrie Rallet (1815—1858)", in
1692:, Ralet and Negri had decided to present the Divan's resolutions directly to
663:("Writings"). Modern academics are divided over the latter's artistic worth:
3670:
3654:
3542:
3476:
3063:
Costin Tuchilă, "Permanența unui ideal. Cauza Unirii văzută din Europa", in
1188:
1157:
1153:
1137:
1016:
984:
927:
837:
574:
329:
1250:
789:
constitution. As an exponent of this trend, Ralet favored the abolition of
3751:
Din relațiile și corespondența poetului Gheorghe Sion cu contemporanii săi
1501:. Published in Bucharest as several installments, and also as a volume of
1797:
1784:
1780:
1756:
is Ralet's masterpiece, one which borrows a standard romantic model from
1700:", a man of "no steady or solid principles". The mission was observed by
1697:
1450:
A census of that era shows Ralet as qualifying for the electors' list in
1349:
1296:
1292:
1246:
1130:
992:
932:
918:
862:
841:
625:
597:
489:
421:. He died upon his return, without managing to see the establishment the
377:
365:
246:
185:
165:
96:
72:
640:. Some biographies report that he also took extended study trips in the
3780:
Suvenire și impresii de călătorie în România, Bulgaria, Constantinopole
2859:
1881:
1718:
Suvenire și impresii de călătorie în România, Bulgaria, Constantinopole
1466:
of Wallachia, on 17 July, made specific accusations against Vogoride's
1204:
767:
718:
707:
621:
613:
581:
400:
289:
276:
92:
1263:
was by then imbued with non-Latin words, which were also "ancestral" (
964:
Smooth the cat that draws its claws, bloodied ones though they may be—
3314:
Anghelescu (1978), p. 6; Frunză, p. 599; Manolescu, p. 280; Pippidi,
3180:, "'Hai să dăm mînă cu mînă'. Botoșanii și Unirea Principatelor", in
1598:
1069:
651:
Ralet's first published work was a short volume of translations from
533:
477:
150:
17:
1938:
appeared in 1979, it had been largely forgotten, as was its author.
3677:. Bucharest: Tipografia Academieĭ Române, Laboratoriĭ Românĭ, 1884.
1661:
on church affairs, proposing that the Moldavian Metropolis and its
1310:
On 1 April 1856, Prince Ghica ordered that Ralet, Kogălniceanu and
701:
deems Ralet "one of the most talented romantic prose writers", his
1425:
868:
437:
160:
140:
3801:
Gheorghe Sibechi, "Un luptător pentru Unire: Dimitrie Ralet", in
3641:
Istoria literaturii române. II: De la Școala Ardeleană la Junimea
3127:
Vasile Ghica, "Din culisele unirii de la 1859. Pasărea spin", in
2679:
Mircea Anghelescu, "Cronica edițiilor. Scrisorile lui Bariț", in
2504:
Vasile Alecsandri și Elena Negri. Cu un jurnal inedit al poetului
2896:
Grig. Teodossiu, "Din trecutul neamului. Comitetele Unirii", in
1669:; he also spoke in favor of extending liberal policies to cover
3682:
Vechile blazoane vorbesc. Obiecte armoriate din colecții ieșene
3528:
Mircea Anghelescu, "Un scriitor al Unirii: Dimitrie Ralet", in
935:. Manolescu retains a "startling image" in one other portrait:
738:, where they also networked with other figures of the emerging
271:
Alexandru Ralet, was a judge in the northern Moldavian city of
1853:
1545:
937:
284:. Ralet was an introspective and self-deprecating adherent of
3753:. Cluj: State Archives of Cluj & Tipografia Pallas, 1939.
1847:("Two Living Dead"). During an 1865 performance in Bukovina,
1732:
Frunză also draws parallels with Odobescu, but points out to
1322:, sat on an advisory commission which promoted near-complete
962:
Wolf with fangs under a pelt—never did it seem this flagrant.
897:
The end of Ralet's tenure at the tribunal coincided with the
3733:
Istoria critică a literaturii române. 5 secole de literatură
3462:, Vol. XXVIII, Issues 1–12, January–December 1942, pp. 31–32
776:, to his father being a political client of the new Prince,
730:
From about 1843, the young man frequently lodged with boyar
375:, opposing the conservative-separatist caucus formed around
371:
Ralet was a propagandist for the unionist platform ahead of
2415:Ștefan Cervatiuc, "De la A la Z. 66. Rallet, Dimitrie", in
1331:
its adversaries "lean on the Austrians for their support" (
960:
Your humility performance when you dress up like a vagrant—
2506:, p. 167. Bucharest: Editura Tiparul Românesc S.A.R., 1947
1804:
and knight Dimitrie Raletu", reports that he was aged 43.
966:
You are evil, and you know it, deep inside that flattery.
3305:
Bolintineanu & Roman, pp. xiii, xliv; Pippidi, p. 392
1031:, who was being detained by the Austrians in Czernowitz.
947:
Ca lupul ce-ar vrea s-ascundă a lui dinți sub altă piele,
3559:. Bucharest: Așezământul Cultural Ion C. Brătianu &
1199:. Their secondary, goodwill, mission was to contact the
549:). This side of the family had recent origins among the
2268:, pp. 387–389. Bucharest: Editura Casei Școalelor, 1942
580:
An 1825 record provided by the Austrian authorities in
3078:
Ioan Neculce. Buletinul Muzeului de Istorie a Moldovei
1245:, where his "satirical musings", disguised as serious
2542:
Frunză, p. 597; Pippidi, p. 390; Sibechi, pp. 105–106
2343:
Evreii din România în texte istoriografice. Antologie
2149:
2147:
3840:
Government ministers of the Principality of Moldavia
3813:
Arhondologia Moldoveĭ. Amintirĭ și note contimporane
3786:, Vol. XVIII, Issue 2, April–June 1980, pp. 390–393.
2900:, Vol. XIII, Issues 14–15, January 1908, pp. 352–353
1857:] Rallet". As both Sibechi and Zamfir note, the
1432:. He may also be the author of a letter taken up by
1387:
rostrum. December 1857 caricature by Henric Cortazzi
1076:
Ralet's activity was in any case put on hold by the
392:. He was subsequently a distinguished figure in the
3474:C. N. Negoiță, "La centenarul lui Ion Creangă", in
1910:, and after the union had been consolidated into a
1899:'s 1876 children's story, "The Purse a' Tuppence".
1067:(1851), and by Prince Ghica, who made him a titled
476:believes that they formed a distinct branch of the
468:; under this regime, they had received a number of
203:
134:
126:
102:
82:
53:
34:
3643:, pp. 597–599. Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 1968.
1956:"Єпітропія Монастіріĭ Сф. Спірідон. No. 1367", in
949:Blând ca motanul ce trage a lui unghii sângeroase,
288:, whose youthful contributions helped establish a
3798:, Vol. III, Issue 78, November 1858, pp. 223–224.
3502:, pp. 2–3. Iași: Tipografia Lumina Moldovei, 1923
1960:, Vol. VIII, Issue 46, November 1846, pp. 339–340
1339:, offered to donate estates they owned along the
3970:19th-century Romanian dramatists and playwrights
1870:princely elections in December 1858–January 1859
1837:In Ralet's lifetime, Alecsandri had published a
1712:, which the Ottomans could have never allowed).
2935:Aurel Leon, "Documente. Vasile Alecsandri", in
2753:
2751:
2749:
2650:
2648:
2646:
1231:, which now took the form of campaigning for a
450:Ralet's father was Alexandru or Alecu Ralet, a
442:One version of the Rallet arms, as rendered by
249:political figure and celebrated contributor to
27:Moldavian politician and Romanian-language poet
3805:, Vol. 32, Issue 1, January 1979, pp. 103–110.
3675:Scrisorĭ ale luĭ Ion Ghica către V. Alecsandri
3557:Refugiații moldoveni în Bucovina. 1821 și 1848
3515:; Pippidi, pp. 390, 393; Sibechi, pp. 103, 110
3431:, "Viața Romînească în Bucovina. Teatrul", in
3374:Sibechi, pp. 109–110. See also Pippidi, p. 390
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
1775:In describing his travels, Ralet commends the
1551:
951:Îți tăinuiești răutatea cu ziceri politicoase.
945:Ca să arăți umilință te îmbraci cu haine rele,
943:
3665:Anuarul Institutului de Istorie A. D. Xenopol
3534:, Vol. XXI, Issue 42, October 1978, pp. 1, 6.
3325:
3323:
3123:
3121:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2452:, "Scriitori unioniști. Dimitrie Rallet", in
2316:Sibechi, p. 104. See also Bălan (1929), p. 98
2285:
2283:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
1267:). He concluded, that, though Romanians were
1034:The enthronement of a liberal-minded Prince,
801:. Between his two terms at the tribunal, the
8:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
1872:, during which the National Party supported
1521:, but with hints of skepticism which mirror
3470:
3468:
3446:Mîndru, pp. 58–59. See also Sibechi, p. 107
3238:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3230:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2515:Mîndru, pp. 58–60. See also Sibechi, p. 107
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2213:
2211:
2002:Dicționarul biografic al literaturii române
1140:. They were received there by the reigning
820:magazine (1844). Among the later scholars,
545:(a former part of Moldavia, then under the
472:, including the Rallet family. Genealogist
3815:. Iași: Tipografia Buciumuluĭ Român, 1892.
3036:, p. 556. See also Anghelescu (1978), p. 1
2939:, Vol. III, Issue 39, September 1968, p. 7
2445:
2133:"Îndrăgostitul de Stambul: Dimitrie Ralet"
1111:, namely those directly controlled by the
561:. The Mustațăs had been received into the
42:
31:
4005:Founders of Romanian schools and colleges
3719:, "Din tipurile lui Dimitrie Rallet", in
2846:Maria Ștefănescu, "Limbă și națiune", in
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
527:, Dimitrie Sr was originally a scribe of
512:—including a coat of arms that displayed
4020:Eastern Orthodox Christians from Romania
3965:Romanian male dramatists and playwrights
3392:, Vol. II, Issue 32, August 1907, p. 509
3140:Anghelescu (1978), p. 6; Sibechi, p. 108
3131:, Vol. VIII, Issue 1, January 2018, p. 3
3067:, Vol. XI, Issue 1, January 1976, p. 255
2458:, Vol. XIII, Issue 3, January 1966, p. 5
2266:Documente bucovinene. Vol. VI: 1760—1833
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
1952:
1950:
1766:
1525:'s worldview. Lăzăreanu also mentions a
1375:
978:
717:
573:), with close relatives still living in
3251:Iordache, pp. 315–316; Meteș, pp. 28–29
2988:, Vol. XLII, Issue 6, June 1908, p. 573
2952:, pp. 708–709. See also Sibechi, p. 109
2055:, Vol. 3, Issue 12, December 1985, p. 4
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
1946:
1318:. In May, the three of them, alongside
880:Foaie pentru Minte, Inimă și Literatură
687:points to a reader of the 18th-century
565:in 1794, but maintained links with the
280:that evidenced a deep familiarity with
238:: Дімітріє Ралєт, Раллєтȣ, or Раллєтi;
3437:, Vol. I, Issue 8, August 1906, p. 429
3080:, Vols. X–XII, 2004–2006, pp. 104, 181
2982:, "Scrisori către Ioan Maiorescu", in
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1958:Фоає Сътѣскъ а Прінчіпатȣлȣі Молдавієі
1611:Vrancea Land is where you'll find 'em.
48:Ralet in D. I. Cerbureanu's 1856 print
4055:19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
1096:, for the specific task of educating
7:
4030:Romanian people of Aromanian descent
3875:19th-century Romanian civil servants
1779:and the "Turkish people" for having
1291:"), published by Romanian exiles in
1056:values. He was also acknowledged by
1042:on a commission to draft Moldavia's
557:population that Dimitrie Jr knew as
4035:Romanian people of Austrian descent
3784:Revue des Études Sud-est Européenes
3778:, "Comptes rendus. Dimitrie Ralet,
3766:, "Amintiri din vremea Unirii", in
3631:Maria Frunză, "Dimitrie Ralet", in
1868:in 1859. The union was effected by
1505:("National Scenes"), they included
1333:se anină de nemți ca să se sprijine
1027:, a Romanian intellectual from the
1011:, switching between their homes in
812:genre, with fragments published in
497:retinue. This Dimitrie accompanied
253:. Belonging to the upper strata of
4045:Romanian people of the Crimean War
3458:, "Un vechiu poet necunoscut", in
1830:, hosted in Bolintineanu's paper,
1616:No man's cheated, there's no harm.
1595:One bride who will take your kind.
1587:Take your hat and songs, and then,
894:("A Spring Just Like Any Other").
836:, reinventing physiognomies as a "
531:, in the 1790s, before being made
25:
4040:People of the Revolutions of 1848
3915:Romanian male short story writers
3386:, "I. Din Țară. F. Felurite", in
3338:Bolintineanu & Roman, p. xiii
2640:Frunză, p. 598; Manolescu, p. 279
1410:concurrent elections in Wallachia
1398:legislative election in July 1857
1109:confiscation of monastery estates
584:gives Alexandru's citizenship as
504:on his European trips during the
373:legislative election in July 1857
346:confiscation of monastery estates
324:, whose immediate agenda was the
138:
106:
3910:19th-century short story writers
3758:Revista Muzeelor și Monumentelor
3541:. Budapest & New York City:
3356:Bolintineanu & Roman, p. 127
2911:Revista Muzeelor și Monumentelor
1743:, which Ralet promoted into the
1603:Aim for love, and tie your knot;
1233:Moldo–Wallachian political union
1086:Johann Baptist Coronini-Cronberg
1003:, under Mihail's heir-apparent,
3667:, Vol. LIII, 2016, pp. 101–116.
2524:Frunză, p. 597; Sibechi, p. 105
1706:British Ambassador to the Porte
1585:Strapping lad from Siret's fen,
1567:Ca s-ajungi la Vrancea-n munte.
1517:written in the 20th century by
1476:n-a dat dovezi de împământenire
516:and a self-styling as "count".
480:, and were thus descendants of
425:, occurring just months later.
4060:Tuberculosis deaths in Romania
4050:Romanian expatriates in Turkey
4000:Romanian educational theorists
3621:, Vol. XIV, 2012, pp. 329–374.
2618:Frunză p. 597; Sibechi, p. 106
2162:Iftimi, pp. 16–17, 42, 43, 119
1343:for building a state railway.
1227:Ralet pledged his support for
648:, or more generally "abroad".
508:, and adopted some staples of
282:18th-century French literature
1:
2913:, Issue 1/1984, pp. 15, 17–18
2153:Sibechi, p. 104; Sion, p. 296
1906:. Writing in 1882, after the
1880:, which, in 1860, put out an
1667:Romanian autocephalous church
1624:Brotherhood that has no end.
1614:Dance, Romanians, arm in arm,
1203:, to whom they donated 4,240
983:Ralet's political associates
390:repeat elections in September
239:
57:
3930:19th-century autobiographers
3870:19th-century Romanian judges
3845:Members of the Ad hoc Divans
2887:Papadopol-Calimah, pp. 29–30
2631:, Vol. II, 1932, pp. 244–245
2004:, Vol. II, p. 453. Pitești:
1908:Romanian War of Independence
1762:Islamic take on love and sex
1492:repeat election in September
1029:Principality of Transylvania
899:Moldavian Revolution of 1848
808:Ralet experimented with the
669:François de La Rochefoucauld
604:in 1822, and lived to 1854.
312:, Ralet embraced rebellious
86:25 October 1858 (aged 40–43)
4015:People from Botoșani County
3985:French–Romanian translators
3955:19th-century Romanian poets
3940:19th-century travel writers
3890:Writers of the Romantic era
3772:, February 1990, pp. 28–31.
3764:Alexandru Papadopol-Calimah
3628:, Vol. 22, 2008, pp. 79–90.
2810:Ardeleanu, pp. 134, 138–139
2493:Manolescu, pp. 277–278, 305
2226:Bălan (1929), pp. 10–11, 98
1565:Peste Milcov să zbori iute
1563:Ia-ți arcul cel de iubire,
1557:Peste Olt cântând vei merge
1320:Alexandru Papadopol-Calimah
1176:, who was a veteran of the
766:. Ralet was also active in
4076:
3760:, Issue 4/1984, pp. 55–63.
3725:, 28 August 1928, pp. 1–2.
3569:(contributor: Ion Roman),
2609:. See also Pippidi, p. 391
2597:, pp. 41, 125. Bucharest:
1574:Nimi n-o fi cap sau coadă,
1561:Pandure, chitaci din fire,
1559:Și-o mireasă-ți vei alege.
1117:Jerusalemite Patriarchates
506:Russian occupation of 1788
3792:, "Кȣвъnтȣ Фȣneрaрȣ", in
3575:Editura pentru Literatură
3401:Sibechi, pp. 107, 109–110
2878:Bălan (1929), pp. 117–118
2757:M. M., "Ioan Rallet", in
2235:Bălan (1929), pp. 6–7, 11
1535:Unirea și clevetitorii ei
1440:European balance of power
1314:establish procedures for
1295:in 1856. It was partly a
1001:Moldavian military forces
245:– 25 October 1858) was a
41:
3975:19th-century translators
3935:Romanian autobiographers
3865:Romanian revolutionaries
3639:, Eugen Todoran (eds.),
3222:Biserica Ortodoxă Română
2325:Bălan (1929), pp. 11, 93
1739:s heavy reliance on the
1414:Constantin A. Crețulescu
1281:Friedrich Christian Diez
1197:Ottoman Imperial Council
1183:Residing for a while in
1152:, and took the Austrian
974:
850:artificially re-Latinize
814:Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu
555:Eastern Romance-speaking
316:, endeavoring to outlaw
3945:Romanian travel writers
3860:Moldavian abolitionists
3184:, 24 January 1969, p. 2
3045:Anghelescu (1978), p. 1
2763:, 14 January 1916, p. 1
2629:Revista Istorică Română
2383:Anghelescu (1978), p. 6
1710:universal male suffrage
1655:equality before the law
1576:De frăție-om da dovadă.
1553:Voinicel cu cușmă lungă
1036:Grigore Alexandru Ghica
852:the Romanian language.
655:, appearing in 1837 as
462:vassals and tributaries
458:Danubian Principalities
342:Grigore Alexandru Ghica
338:failed uprising of 1848
3990:Romanian propagandists
3895:19th-century essayists
3880:19th-century diplomats
3537:Constantin Ardeleanu,
3365:Manolescu, pp. 280–281
3158:Manolescu, pp. 278–279
2683:, Issue 11/1985, p. 37
2595:Alfabetul de tranziție
1914:, Alecsandri spoke of
1840:comédie en vaudevilles
1772:
1663:Wallachian counterpart
1583:
1555:Din a Siretului luncă,
1552:
1549:
1388:
1299:from earlier texts by
1277:Claude Charles Fauriel
1178:French wars in Algeria
1146:Barbu Dimitrie Știrbei
1063:, who awarded him the
996:
958:
944:
941:
867:Ralet as an author of
791:slave-owning practices
727:
590:Moldavian Metropolitan
447:
4010:Romanian orientalists
3855:Romanian nationalists
3608:Istoria orașului Iași
3573:, Vol. I. Bucharest:
3567:Dimitrie Bolintineanu
3500:Iașii de odinioară, I
3410:Scriban, pp. 223, 224
3296:Sibechi, pp. 108, 109
3278:Iordache, pp. 315–316
3054:Iordache, pp. 303–304
3010:Iordache, pp. 300–301
2980:Constantin Hurmuzachi
2970:Iordache, pp. 295–296
2345:, p. 181. Bucharest:
2307:Sibechi, pp. 104, 105
2196:Sibechi, pp. 104, 109
1866:United Principalities
1823:Saint Spyridon Church
1770:
1572:Ca țiindu-ne de mână,
1511:Dimitrie Bolintineanu
1379:
1312:Constantin Hurmuzachi
1215:back from a defeated
982:
909:, being contacted by
887:, as well as for the
793:, which had kept the
721:
653:Alphonse de Lamartine
622:Moldavian market town
482:Byzantine aristocracy
441:
423:United Principalities
326:political unification
3980:Romanian translators
3698:Anastasie Iordache,
3602:Constantin Cihodaru
3347:Pippidi, pp. 392–393
3269:Meteș, pp. 32–32, 40
3149:Frunză, pp. 598, 599
2298:Pippidi, pp. 390–391
2064:Sibechi, pp. 103–104
1920:România după Tractat
1570:Să jucăm hora română
1435:L'Indépendance Belge
1416:'s Bucharest paper,
1324:freedom of the press
1285:România după Tractat
1229:Romanian nationalism
1049:Gazeta Transilvaniei
892:O primăvară ca toate
846:Alexandru Macedonski
786:Regulamentul Organic
714:Embracing liberalism
642:German Confederation
502:Alexander Ypsilantis
434:Early life and debut
332:. Rallying with the
322:Romanian nationalism
305:by the conservative
3950:Romanian male poets
3737:Editura Paralela 45
3635:, Ion C. Chițimia,
3480:, My 30, 1937, p. 1
3211:Gavriș, pp. 106–107
3176:Gheorghe Romîndașu
2985:Convorbiri Literare
2819:Ghica, pp. xxi–xxii
2419:, 24 May 1974, p. 4
2277:Bălan (1929), p. 98
2006:Editura Paralela 45
1874:Alexandru Ioan Cuza
1849:Alexandru Hurmuzaki
1609:, seek your maiden—
1193:Siege of Sevastopol
1156:service across the
1103:A fellow minister,
1009:Hurmuzachi brothers
975:As Ghica's minister
830:Constantin Negruzzi
756:Constantin Negruzzi
752:Mihail Kogălniceanu
695:Romanian literature
673:Luc de Vauvenargues
529:Alexander Mourouzis
460:) were at the time
292:register in modern
275:, and the owner of
251:Romanian literature
3995:Language reformers
3960:Romanian fabulists
3920:Romanian satirists
3900:Romanian essayists
3885:Romanian diplomats
3850:Moldavian nobility
3803:Revista de Istorie
3193:Dumitrescu, p. 339
3102:Dumitrescu, p. 336
2712:Sion, pp. 296, 298
2000:Aurel Sasu (ed.),
1928:Conservative Party
1912:Kingdom of Romania
1773:
1727:Alexandru Odobescu
1446:Defeating Vogoride
1389:
1305:Plutarcul Moldovei
1113:Constantinopolitan
997:
991:, photographed in
915:Plutarcul Moldovei
748:Manolache Epureanu
728:
577:during the 1830s.
539:Scarlat Callimachi
474:Octav-George Lecca
448:
444:Emanoil Hagi-Moscu
299:Though created an
218:(also rendered as
3745:978-973-47-0359-3
3729:Nicolae Manolescu
3694:978-606-8547-02-2
3655:Editura Ziarului
3626:Arhivele Olteniei
3598:978-973-27-2004-2
3590:Editura Academiei
3561:Cartea Românească
3551:978-963-386-753-2
2868:978-973-46-8256-0
2837:Ardeleanu, p. 138
2743:Gane, pp. 234–235
2654:Manolescu, p. 279
2565:Manolescu, p. 278
2502:C. D. Papastate,
2357:; Sibechi, p. 104
2335:Elias Schwarzfeld
2205:Manolescu, p. 277
2171:Sion, pp. 295–296
2053:Caiete Botoșănene
1904:Theodor Speranția
1745:literary language
1741:Moldavian dialect
1690:Dimitrie Brătianu
1630:
1629:
1589:Ride down to the
1527:comedy of manners
1515:solo performances
1464:Ioan I. Filipescu
1201:French Ambassador
989:Vasile Alecsandri
972:
971:
917:("Moldavia's Own
911:Michał Czajkowski
874:Albina Românească
744:Vasile Alecsandri
699:Nicolae Manolescu
657:Plăcerea sâmțirei
646:Kingdom of France
630:Dimitrie Cantemir
563:Austrian nobility
543:Bukovina District
519:According to the
213:
212:
204:Literary movement
191:comedy of manners
171:travel literature
65:Bukovina District
16:(Redirected from
4067:
3704:Editura Albatros
3686:Palatul Culturii
3516:
3509:
3503:
3496:
3490:
3487:
3481:
3472:
3463:
3460:Revista Istorică
3453:
3447:
3444:
3438:
3434:Viața Romînească
3426:
3420:
3417:
3411:
3408:
3402:
3399:
3393:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3366:
3363:
3357:
3354:
3348:
3345:
3339:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3318:
3312:
3306:
3303:
3297:
3294:
3288:
3287:Iordache, p. 320
3285:
3279:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3261:
3260:Meteș, pp. 28–29
3258:
3252:
3249:
3243:
3240:
3225:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3194:
3191:
3185:
3174:
3168:
3165:
3159:
3156:
3150:
3147:
3141:
3138:
3132:
3125:
3116:
3109:
3103:
3100:
3094:
3087:
3081:
3074:
3068:
3061:
3055:
3052:
3046:
3043:
3037:
3030:
3024:
3017:
3011:
3008:
3002:
2995:
2989:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2962:
2961:Iordache, p. 289
2959:
2953:
2946:
2940:
2933:
2927:
2920:
2914:
2907:
2901:
2894:
2888:
2885:
2879:
2876:
2870:
2858:, p. 167. Iași:
2850:, Elena Platon,
2844:
2838:
2835:
2829:
2826:
2820:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2802:
2799:
2782:
2779:
2773:
2770:
2764:
2755:
2744:
2741:
2735:
2732:
2726:
2719:
2713:
2710:
2704:
2701:
2684:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2655:
2652:
2641:
2638:
2632:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2610:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2566:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2543:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2516:
2513:
2507:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2459:
2447:
2420:
2413:
2400:
2397:
2384:
2381:
2358:
2332:
2326:
2323:
2317:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2299:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2278:
2275:
2269:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2236:
2233:
2227:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2206:
2203:
2197:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2172:
2169:
2163:
2160:
2154:
2151:
2142:
2138:România Literară
2127:
2123:
2090:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2065:
2062:
2056:
2049:
2016:
1998:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1954:
1890:
1863:
1738:
1578:
1546:
1507:Pavel Clopotarul
1406:Baron Talleyrand
1355:Gheorghe Magheru
1337:Nicolae Vogoride
1287:("Romania after
1257:România Literară
1242:România Literară
1237:Nicolae Bălcescu
953:
938:
907:Polish emigrants
799:Petre Mavrogheni
795:Romani community
740:liberal movement
679:); in contrast,
677:Nicolas Chamfort
612:, the estate of
386:Nicolae Vogoride
328:of Moldavia and
244:
241:
62:
59:
46:
32:
21:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4064:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3809:Constantin Sion
3769:Magazin Istoric
3717:Barbu Lăzăreanu
3647:Constantin Gane
3619:Cronica Vrancei
3612:Editura Junimea
3524:
3519:
3510:
3506:
3497:
3493:
3489:Sibechi, p. 103
3488:
3484:
3473:
3466:
3454:
3450:
3445:
3441:
3427:
3423:
3419:Meteș, p. xviii
3418:
3414:
3409:
3405:
3400:
3396:
3389:Neamul Românesc
3382:
3378:
3373:
3369:
3364:
3360:
3355:
3351:
3346:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3328:
3321:
3313:
3309:
3304:
3300:
3295:
3291:
3286:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3255:
3250:
3246:
3242:Sibechi, p. 109
3241:
3228:
3219:
3215:
3210:
3206:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3188:
3175:
3171:
3167:Lăzăreanu, p. 2
3166:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3144:
3139:
3135:
3126:
3119:
3110:
3106:
3101:
3097:
3088:
3084:
3075:
3071:
3062:
3058:
3053:
3049:
3044:
3040:
3031:
3027:
3018:
3014:
3009:
3005:
2996:
2992:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2965:
2960:
2956:
2947:
2943:
2934:
2930:
2921:
2917:
2908:
2904:
2895:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2845:
2841:
2836:
2832:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2801:Sibechi, p. 108
2800:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2771:
2767:
2756:
2747:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2720:
2716:
2711:
2707:
2703:Sibechi, p. 107
2702:
2687:
2678:
2674:
2670:Sibechi, p. 106
2669:
2658:
2653:
2644:
2639:
2635:
2626:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2589:
2585:
2581:Pippidi, p. 391
2580:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2556:Lăzăreanu, p. 1
2555:
2546:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2462:
2455:Gazeta Literară
2448:
2423:
2414:
2403:
2399:Sibechi, p. 105
2398:
2387:
2382:
2361:
2347:Editura Hasefer
2333:
2329:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2293:
2289:Scriban, p. 223
2288:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2263:
2259:
2255:Pippidi, p. 392
2254:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2217:Sibechi, p. 104
2216:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2145:
2141:, Issue 35/2008
2125:
2124:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2080:Pippidi, p. 390
2079:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2050:
2019:
1999:
1976:
1968:
1964:
1955:
1948:
1944:
1888:
1861:
1810:
1781:embraced reform
1749:intertextuality
1736:
1686:Nicolae Golescu
1682:Ottoman Turkish
1651:Lascăr Catargiu
1638:
1626:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1604:
1602:
1597:As for you, my
1596:
1594:
1588:
1586:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1503:Scene naționale
1460:Nicolae Istrati
1452:Botoșani County
1448:
1371:Stefan Bogoridi
1269:Latin by origin
1225:
1223:Unionist leader
1162:Adam Mickiewicz
1005:Grigore Sturdza
977:
968:
965:
963:
961:
955:
950:
948:
946:
822:Barbu Lăzăreanu
716:
638:Austrian Poland
571:Ioannina Eyalet
547:Austrian Empire
525:Constantin Sion
436:
431:
409:, as well as a
354:tributary state
242:
87:
69:Austrian Empire
63:
60:
49:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4073:
4071:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3905:Male essayists
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3816:
3806:
3799:
3790:Neofit Scriban
3787:
3776:Andrei Pippidi
3773:
3761:
3754:
3749:Ștefan Meteș,
3747:
3726:
3714:
3696:
3680:Sorin Iftimi,
3678:
3668:
3661:
3644:
3633:Alexandru Dima
3629:
3622:
3615:
3600:
3578:
3564:
3555:Teodor Bălan,
3553:
3535:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3504:
3491:
3482:
3464:
3448:
3439:
3421:
3412:
3403:
3394:
3376:
3367:
3358:
3349:
3340:
3331:
3329:Frunză, p. 599
3319:
3307:
3298:
3289:
3280:
3271:
3262:
3253:
3244:
3226:
3213:
3204:
3202:Gavriș, p. 106
3195:
3186:
3169:
3160:
3151:
3142:
3133:
3117:
3104:
3095:
3082:
3069:
3056:
3047:
3038:
3025:
3012:
3003:
2990:
2972:
2963:
2954:
2941:
2928:
2915:
2902:
2889:
2880:
2871:
2852:Gheorghe Chivu
2839:
2830:
2821:
2812:
2803:
2783:
2781:Dumitru, p. 87
2774:
2765:
2745:
2736:
2727:
2714:
2705:
2685:
2672:
2656:
2642:
2633:
2620:
2611:
2591:Ștefan Cazimir
2583:
2567:
2558:
2544:
2535:
2526:
2517:
2508:
2495:
2486:
2484:Frunză, p. 598
2460:
2421:
2401:
2385:
2359:
2327:
2318:
2309:
2300:
2291:
2279:
2270:
2264:Teodor Bălan,
2257:
2237:
2228:
2219:
2207:
2198:
2189:
2187:Frunză, p. 597
2173:
2164:
2155:
2143:
2091:
2082:
2066:
2057:
2017:
1974:
1962:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1932:Forty-Eighters
1809:
1806:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1581:
1523:Mihai Eminescu
1484:Cocuța Conachi
1472:Vrancea County
1447:
1444:
1301:Alecu Beldiman
1261:Romanian lexis
1224:
1221:
1217:Russian Empire
1174:Sheikh Boumaza
1170:Kıbrıslı Pasha
1127:Rumelia Eyalet
1105:Anastasie Panu
1065:Order of Glory
987:(sitting) and
976:
973:
970:
969:
956:
923:Sturdza family
903:National Party
834:Romanian humor
826:Joseph Joubert
778:Mihail Sturdza
764:Costache Rolla
732:Costache Negri
726:, January 1844
722:Front page of
715:
712:
634:German culture
593:Neofit Scriban
510:Westernization
486:Andrei Pippidi
470:Greek settlers
466:Ottoman Empire
435:
432:
430:
427:
362:Costache Negri
358:Ottoman Empire
334:National Party
310:Mihail Sturdza
294:Romanian humor
216:Dimitrie Ralet
211:
210:
205:
201:
200:
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196:dramatic verse
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55:
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36:Dimitrie Ralet
35:
26:
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14:
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3795:Stéoa Dunăreĭ
3791:
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3713:
3712:973-24-0586-4
3709:
3705:
3702:. Bucharest:
3701:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3676:
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3669:
3666:
3662:
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3653:. Bucharest:
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3627:
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3588:. Bucharest:
3587:
3583:
3580:Daniela Bușă
3579:
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3498:Rudolf Șuțu,
3495:
3492:
3486:
3483:
3479:
3478:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3456:Nicolae Iorga
3452:
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3430:
3425:
3422:
3416:
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3407:
3404:
3398:
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3391:
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3384:Nicolae Iorga
3380:
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3129:Cronica Veche
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3105:
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3035:
3029:
3026:
3023:, pp. 555–556
3022:
3016:
3013:
3007:
3004:
3001:, pp. 553–554
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2725:, pp. 599–600
2724:
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2126:(in Romanian)
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2110:
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2106:
2104:
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2100:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2089:Iftimi, p. 16
2086:
2083:
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2014:973-697-758-7
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1893:Harță Răzășul
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1845:Doi morți vii
1842:
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1828:Gheorghe Sion
1824:
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1818:Nicolae Iorga
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1422:V. A. Urechia
1419:
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1380:Ralet at the
1378:
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1209:French francs
1206:
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1122:cause célèbre
1118:
1114:
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1082:French Empire
1079:
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1021:Sublime Porte
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885:autobiography
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415:French Empire
412:
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348:. During the
347:
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156:autobiography
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78:
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66:
56:
52:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
3830:1810s births
3812:
3802:
3793:
3783:
3779:
3767:
3757:
3750:
3732:
3720:
3699:
3681:
3674:
3664:
3656:
3650:
3640:
3625:
3618:
3607:
3603:
3585:
3581:
3570:
3556:
3538:
3529:
3512:
3511:Anghelescu,
3507:
3499:
3494:
3485:
3475:
3459:
3451:
3442:
3432:
3429:George Tofan
3424:
3415:
3406:
3397:
3387:
3379:
3370:
3361:
3352:
3343:
3334:
3315:
3310:
3301:
3292:
3283:
3274:
3265:
3256:
3247:
3221:
3216:
3207:
3198:
3189:
3181:
3177:
3172:
3163:
3154:
3145:
3136:
3128:
3112:
3107:
3098:
3090:
3085:
3077:
3072:
3064:
3059:
3050:
3041:
3033:
3028:
3020:
3015:
3006:
2998:
2993:
2983:
2975:
2966:
2957:
2949:
2944:
2936:
2931:
2923:
2918:
2910:
2905:
2897:
2892:
2883:
2874:
2855:
2842:
2833:
2828:Gane, p. 211
2824:
2815:
2806:
2777:
2768:
2758:
2739:
2734:Gane, p. 234
2730:
2722:
2717:
2708:
2681:Transilvania
2680:
2675:
2636:
2628:
2623:
2614:
2594:
2586:
2561:
2538:
2533:Sion, p. 296
2529:
2520:
2511:
2503:
2498:
2489:
2453:
2416:
2342:
2339:Lya Benjamin
2330:
2321:
2312:
2303:
2294:
2273:
2265:
2260:
2231:
2222:
2201:
2192:
2167:
2158:
2136:
2129:Mihai Zamfir
2085:
2060:
2052:
2001:
1970:
1965:
1957:
1935:
1919:
1915:
1901:
1892:
1885:
1858:
1852:
1844:
1838:
1836:
1831:
1813:
1811:
1801:
1792:
1774:
1753:
1733:
1731:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1702:Henry Bulwer
1694:Napoleon III
1675:
1643:
1639:
1633:
1584:
1550:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1480:
1475:
1467:
1455:
1454:for being a
1449:
1433:
1429:
1417:
1402:
1392:
1390:
1382:
1366:
1348:
1345:
1332:
1309:
1304:
1284:
1272:
1264:
1256:
1255:
1240:
1226:
1182:
1135:
1129:(modern-day
1120:
1102:
1075:
1068:
1061:Abdulmejid I
1054:meritocratic
1047:
1040:Nicolae Șuțu
1033:
1025:George Bariț
998:
959:
942:
926:
914:
896:
891:
878:
872:
861:
856:
854:
817:
810:sketch-story
807:
802:
784:
782:
771:
729:
723:
702:
688:
684:
681:Mihai Zamfir
660:
656:
650:
618:Ioan Sturdza
606:
601:
579:
558:
532:
523:genealogist
518:
451:
449:
419:tuberculosis
404:
394:
376:
370:
300:
298:
266:
257:, he was of
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
214:
176:lyric poetry
146:sketch story
29:
4025:Phanariotes
3835:1858 deaths
3735:. Pitești:
3637:Paul Cornea
2848:Corin Braga
2760:Evenimentul
2450:Paul Cornea
1897:Ion Creangă
1758:Alecu Russo
1678:Turkophilia
1671:land reform
1618:That's the
1540:Hora Unirii
1363:open letter
1359:Teodor Balș
1316:jury trials
1207:(or 50,000
1172:, and also
1090:Mount Athos
1078:Crimean War
760:Alecu Russo
742:—including
690:Philosophes
665:Paul Cornea
406:Hora Unirii
382:Teodor Balș
350:Crimean War
286:Romanticism
243: 1816
208:Romanticism
61: 1816
3824:Categories
3531:Luceafărul
3522:References
3065:Amfiteatru
1789:Anton Pann
1659:rapporteur
1622:we extend—
1420:, and for
1328:lithograph
1289:the Treaty
1213:Bessarabia
1098:Aromanians
1044:civil code
1013:Czernowitz
889:prose poem
857:Propășirea
818:Propășirea
724:Propășirea
602:Spatharios
551:Aromanians
514:Noah's Ark
495:Phanariote
453:Spatharios
411:travelogue
360:. His and
314:liberalism
268:Spatharios
259:Phanariote
181:prose poem
117:translator
108:Politician
103:Occupation
3925:Aphorists
3739:, 2008.
3706:, 1998.
3688:, 2014.
3671:Ion Ghica
3657:Universul
3592:, 2010.
3571:Călătorii
3543:CEU Press
3477:Dreptatea
3111:Cihodaru
3089:Cihodaru
3032:Cihodaru
3019:Cihodaru
2997:Cihodaru
2922:Cihodaru
2862:, 2020.
2601:, 2006.
2599:Humanitas
2349:, 2004.
1969:Scriban,
1924:Ion Ralet
1843:, called
1832:Dâmbovița
1785:Dragomans
1636:and death
1430:Opiniunea
1418:Concordia
1350:Caimacami
1247:aphorisms
1189:Ion Ghica
1158:Black Sea
1154:steamboat
1138:Bucharest
1094:Prodromos
1017:Czernowka
985:Ion Ghica
928:Postelnic
838:burlesque
575:Tsepelovo
559:Tsintsari
429:Biography
378:Caimacami
330:Wallachia
263:Aromanian
247:Moldavian
130:1837–1859
120:landowner
3722:Adevărul
3684:. Iași:
3610:. Iași:
3545:, 2024.
3224:, p. 103
3182:Clopotul
3115:, p. 558
3093:, p. 557
2926:, p. 552
2854:(eds.),
2417:Clopotul
2008:, 2004.
1936:Suvenire
1916:Suvenire
1798:fatalism
1793:Suvenire
1777:Osmanlis
1754:Suvenire
1734:Suvenire
1722:Suvenire
1698:Catiline
1634:Suvenire
1499:in verse
1393:Caimacam
1367:Caimacam
1297:pastiche
1293:Brussels
1265:străbune
1131:Bulgaria
993:Istanbul
919:Plutarch
842:Voltaire
644:and the
626:Dosoftei
598:Istanbul
586:Venetian
582:Sadagora
490:Dragoman
366:Istanbul
273:Botoșani
255:boyardom
236:Cyrillic
186:pastiche
166:aphorism
114:diplomat
97:Moldavia
89:Botoșani
73:Istanbul
3660:, 1941.
3614:, 1980.
3577:, 1968.
3563:, 1929.
2937:Cronica
2860:Polirom
2341:(ed.),
1882:almanac
1878:Focșani
1665:form a
1605:To the
1593:to find
1428:-based
1205:Guilder
995:in 1855
736:Mânjina
708:litotes
703:Scrieri
685:Scrieri
661:Scrieri
620:into a
614:Bucecea
610:Nicșeni
464:of the
446:in 1918
356:of the
336:in the
318:slavery
290:deadpan
277:Bucecea
228:Ralleti
93:Bucecea
3782:", in
3743:
3710:
3692:
3604:et al.
3596:
3582:et al.
3549:
3513:passim
3316:passim
3178:et al.
3113:et al.
3091:et al.
3034:et al.
3021:et al.
2999:et al.
2950:et al.
2924:et al.
2898:Albina
2866:
2723:et al.
2605:
2353:
2012:
1971:passim
1886:Vornic
1859:Vornic
1814:Vornic
1808:Legacy
1802:Vornic
1796:their
1704:, the
1644:Ad-hoc
1607:Milcov
1599:Pandur
1468:Vornic
1456:Vornic
1383:Ad-hoc
1251:Galați
1142:Prince
1070:Vornic
1058:Sultan
869:fables
762:, and
567:Epirus
537:under
534:Vornic
499:Prince
478:Rallis
395:Ad-hoc
307:Prince
232:Raletu
224:Ralett
220:Rallet
151:satire
127:Period
2948:Bușă
2721:Bușă
2135:, in
1942:Notes
1889:'
1862:'
1737:'
1646:Divan
1601:shot,
1531:Harță
1426:Paris
1385:Divan
1341:Siret
1150:Varna
933:Bacău
863:işlic
553:, an
521:boyar
397:Divan
161:fable
141:Essay
135:Genre
111:judge
71:, or
18:Ralet
3741:ISBN
3708:ISBN
3690:ISBN
3594:ISBN
3547:ISBN
2864:ISBN
2603:ISBN
2351:ISBN
2010:ISBN
1688:and
1620:hora
1391:The
1279:and
1185:Pera
1168:and
1115:and
1015:and
877:and
855:The
768:Iași
628:and
401:Iași
384:and
261:and
83:Died
54:Born
1854:sic
1791:).
1591:Olt
1470:in
1424:'s
1180:.
1166:Âli
816:'s
803:Aga
773:Aga
734:at
710:".
399:of
302:Aga
230:or
91:or
3826::
3811:,
3731:,
3673:,
3649:,
3606:,
3584:,
3467:^
3322:^
3229:^
3120:^
2786:^
2748:^
2688:^
2659:^
2645:^
2593:,
2570:^
2547:^
2463:^
2424:^
2404:^
2388:^
2362:^
2282:^
2240:^
2210:^
2176:^
2146:^
2131:,
2094:^
2069:^
2020:^
1977:^
1949:^
1729:.
1673:.
1529:,
1442:.
1373:.
1369:,
1271:,
1219:.
1144:,
1100:.
1092:'
758:,
754:,
750:,
746:,
697:,
675:,
671:,
368:.
296:.
240:c.
234:;
226:,
222:,
95:,
75:,
67:,
58:c.
569:(
20:)
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