196:. His family was of Norwegian descent and spoke Norwegian at home; therefore, Reitan did not learn English until he began school. His father was a clergyman, and his moral teachings guided Reitan throughout his life. Growing up during the Great Depression, Reitan worked to help support his family as he grew up and graduated from the Chicago Central YMCA High School for Boys. After attending two years of college, Reitan attempted to join the
272:, in 1945. This was his first exposure to soldiers with brain injuries. It was here that he met Ward Halstead who encouraged Reitan to apply to graduate school and subsequently offered him a position as a graduate research assistant in his laboratory. It was in this laboratory that Reitan learned how to test and observed performances and deficiencies of brain lesioned patients. He was also greatly influenced by
487:, including making his opinions known on the Houston Conference and the Clinical Neuropsychology Synarchy. He was a diplomate of the American Board of Professional Neuropsychology and was awarded the ABN Distinguished Neuropsychologist Award. By the time of his death, Reitan had authored over 320 publications.
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At the suggestion of his mentor, Ward
Halstead, Reitan would interpret neuropsychological test results while blind to any patient information. Upon drawing conclusions from test data, he would compare them to criterion information and assess mistakes. This technique led to Reitan's understanding of
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scales, came from other sources. The HRB is an example of an entirely fixed battery, requiring that every subtest be administered in a certain order no matter the referral question or the patient's presenting complaint. The original goal of the battery was to collect research data but came into use
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In order to evaluate the effects of brain damage children using the same conceptual basis as the HRB, Reitan developed the Reitan-Indiana
Neuropsychological Test Battery, first meant to be used with children ages 5 through 8. However, noting the significant differences between 5- and 6-year-olds’
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Reitan was the third of five children in his family. His father was a clergyman, and his mother was trained as a teacher. As an adult, he married Ann Kirsch and they had five children, Ellen, Jon, Ann, Richard, and Erik. He also had a long-term relationship with Sondra
Radcliffe and they had two
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Reitan, R. M., & Wolfson, D. (2009). The
Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery for adults—theoretical, metholodological, and validation bases. In I. Grant and K.M. Adams (Eds.), Neuropsychological assessment of neuropsychiatric and neuromedical disorders (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford
479:. Throughout his life, he continued to insist on the use of a fixed battery and that the Halstead-Reitan battery was complete and not in need of further adaptation. Supporters claim that criticism of his view come from flawed studies and ignore findings that support use of fixed batteries.
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and developed REHABIT, the Reitan
Evaluation of Hemispheric Abilities and Brain Improvement Training. After an evaluation using the HRB, a patient is prescribed a rehabilitation program from among the five tracks, A through E, of REHABIT. The program contains over 600 individual tasks.
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Reitan, R. M. (1962a). The comparative psychological significance of aging in groups with and without organic brain damage. In C. Tibbitts & W. Donahue (Eds.), Social and psychological aspects of aging (pp. 880–887). New York: Columbia
University
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at the
Chicago Armed Forces Induction Station, using tests to see whether inductees had basic reading and writing abilities and could therefore be accepted into the army. Despite a lack of doctoral training, he was recommended from there for a job as a
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Reitan was awarded the first
National Academy of Neuropsychology Distinguished Lifetime Contribution to Neuropsychology Award in 1998. Through the last few decades of his life, he continued to be involved in both research and the training of
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Reitan, R. M. (1974b). Psychological effects of cerebral lesions in children of early school age. In R. M. Reitan & L. A. Davison (Eds.), Clinical neuropsychology: Current status and applications (pp. 53–90). Washington, DC:
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in humans. However, he never received any graduate credit for working
Halstead's lab because it was in the medical school and would not be accepted by the Psychology department. Within the Psychology department, Reitan was advised by
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Medical Center when he joined as
Assistant Professor of Surgery. He established a research lab there focused on brain-behavior relationships. Reitan began giving invited speeches in 1954, often speaking at meetings of the
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and completed a third year of college while waiting to be drafted. However, in 1944, Reitan dislocated his shoulder repeatedly during basic training, was discharged, and returned to college to earn his Bachelor of Arts in
358:. They determined that a broad, fixed battery of tests was necessary in order to evaluate the wide range of potentially impacted functions, and that the tests must complement information that can be obtained about
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Reitan, R. M., & Wolfson, D. (1988a). The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery and REHABIT: A model for integrating evaluation and remediation of cognitive impairment. Cognitive Rehabilitation, 6,
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Reitan, R. M. (1974a). Methodological problems in clinical neuropsychology. In R. M. Reitan & L. A. Davison (Eds.), Clinical neuropsychology: Current status and applications (pp. 19–46). Washington, DC:
327:, precise work, transparency in science, and economical communication, and he was still described as “a softie” when speaking about his patients. He made numerous significant contributions to the field of
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Building off the original work of his graduate mentor Ward Halstead, Reitan and Halstead together developed the Halstead-Reitan Battery (HRB) as a systematic, quantitative way to measure the effects of
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many brain-behavior relationships that are taken for granted today. He would also use this approach to evaluate which tests could provide valid information and whether they belonged in his battery.
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Meier, M. J. (1985) Review of Halstead–Reitan neuropsychological test battery. In J.V. Mitchell (Ed.), The ninth mental measurements yearbook (pp. 646–649). Highland Park, NJ: Gryphon Press.
406:. Still, Reitan was inclined to describe this battery as “bare-bones” and only a sampling of a patient's functioning. Many measures were developed by Reitan himself, but others, such as the
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in 1945 to pursue a doctorate in psychology. He took both psychology courses and two years of medical courses while doing research in Ward Halstead's lab assessing the behavioral effects of
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Reitan, R. M. (1955b). Certain differential effects of left and right cerebral lesions in human adults. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 48, 474–477.
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Wolfson, D., & Reitan, R. M. (1995). Cross-validation of the General Neuropsychological Deficit Scale (GNDS). Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 10, 125–131.
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Although flexible batteries are more commonly used today, the Halstead-Reitan Battery has been said to have “perhaps the most widespread impact of any approach in
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Horton, A. M., & Reynolds, C. R. (2015). Ralph M. Reitan: Evidence Based Before Evidence Based Was Cool. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 30, 740-747.
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Reitan, R. M. (1995) The distribution according to age of a psychologic measure dependent upon organic brain functions. Journal of Gerontology, 10, 338-340.
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Reitan, R. M. (1955f). An investigation of the validity of Halstead's measures of biological intelligence. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 73, 28–35.
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Reitan, R. M., Hom, J., Van De Voorde, J., Stanczak, D. E., & Wolfson, D. (2004). The Houston Conference Revisited. U.S. Air Force Research. Paper 14.
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Lezak, M. D., Howieson, D. B., Bigler, E. D., & Tranel, D. (2012). Neuropsychological Assessment (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
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Grant, I., & Heaton, R. K. (2015). Ralph M. Reitan: A Founding Father of Neuropsychology. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 30, 760-761.
315:’s goal of understanding brain-behavior relationships (Adams, 2015). During his tenure at the Mayo General Hospital, he observed the effects of
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and wanted a better way to describe patients’ deficits when test results showed that they were technically within normal limits. Reitan valued
184:, published prolifically, and mentored many students who also became prominent in the field. As an author, he has been collected by libraries.
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Russell, E.W. (2012). The scientific foundation of neuropsychological assessment with applications to forensic evaluation. New York: Elsevier.
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Hom, J., & Nici, J. (2015). Ralph M. Reitan: The Pioneer of Clinical Neuropsychology. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 30, 724-732.
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Reitan also developed the General Neuropsychological Deficit Scale (GNDS), which is said to be the most accurate indicator of
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Russell, E. W. (2015). Ralph Reitan: A Scientist in Neuropsychology. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 30, 770-773.
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Reitan, R. M.(1962b). Problems in evaluating the psychological effects of brain lesions . APA Division 22 Newsletter.
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Dodrill, C. B. (2015). A Personal Tribute to Ralph M. Reitan. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 30, 754-759.
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Reitan's work later in his career provided an understanding of psychological outcomes of ailments ranging from
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children, Carla and Sarah. He later married Deborah Wolfson. He died in August 2014 after a long illness.
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Adams, K.M. (2015). Ralph M. Reitan: A Singular Career. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 30, 748-750.
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performance, he then designed the “Baby Battery” for ages 3, 4, and 5.
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function. The HRB is extensive in that it contains tests that measure
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but was declared medically ineligible. In 1942, he enlisted in the
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on the faculty in the Surgery and Neurology department at
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After receiving his bachelor's degree, Reitan worked as a
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throughout his more than 60 years of professional work.
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in Chicago in 1944. He started graduated school at the
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463:Further Contributions, Impact, and Select Awards
295:In 1970, Reitan accepted a professorship at the
192:Ralph M. Reitan was born on August 29, 1922, in
430:In the 1970s, Reitan recognized the role that
225:Reitan graduated with a BA in psychology from
731:Indiana University School of Medicine faculty
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741:United States Army personnel of World War II
160:and one of the founding fathers of American
297:University of Washington School of Medicine
346:. This was an early example of the use of
336:Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery
170:Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery
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279:In 1951, Reitan became the sole
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182:neuropsychological assessment
164:having brought the notion of
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434:could potentially play in
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726:American neuroscientists
416:clinical neuropsychology
311:Reitan was a pioneer of
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162:clinical neuropsychology
124:University of Washington
348:evidence-based practice
325:evidence-based practice
194:Beresford, South Dakota
178:evidence-based practice
33:Beresford, South Dakota
396:visual-spatial ability
491:Selected publications
301:University of Arizona
231:University of Chicago
128:University of Arizona
116:University of Chicago
68:University of Chicago
240:Louis Leon Thurstone
227:Central YMCA College
211:Central YMCA College
142:Louis Leon Thurstone
111:Central YMCA College
63:Central YMCA College
422:Additional Measures
370:, motor abilities,
270:Galesburg, Illinois
550:"Reitan, Ralph M."
485:neuropsychologists
432:neuropsychologists
285:Indiana University
120:Indiana University
531:University Press.
404:concept formation
321:adaptive behavior
198:U.S. Marine Corps
158:neuropsychologist
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134:Academic advisors
85:Scientific career
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106:Institutions
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45:(2014-08-24)
20:Ralph Reitan
721:2014 deaths
716:1922 births
514:Hemisphere.
510:Hemisphere.
477:cholesterol
400:abstraction
705:Categories
536:References
368:perception
352:empiricism
207:Psychology
188:Early life
174:empiricism
95:Psychology
388:attention
364:sensation
221:Education
202:U.S. Army
408:Wechsler
380:language
376:learning
215:Chicago
518:10–17.
503:Press.
402:, and
372:memory
307:Legacy
255:Career
91:Fields
209:from
558:2016
390:and
374:and
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350:and
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40:Died
26:Born
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354:in
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