1353:. This idea that the mind essentially had control over the body, but the body could resist or even influence other behaviors, was a major turning point in the way many physiologists would look at the brain. The capabilities of the mind were observed to do much more than simply react, but also to be rational and function in organized, thoughtful ways – much more complex than he thought the animal world to be. These ideas, although disregarded by many and cast aside for years led the medical community to expand their own ideas of the brain and begin to understand in new ways just how intricate the workings of the brain really were, and the complete effects it had on daily life, as well as which treatments would be the most beneficial to helping those people living with a dysfunctional mind. The mind–body problem, spurred by René Descartes, continues to this day with many philosophical arguments both for and against his ideas. However controversial they were and remain today, the fresh and well-thought-out perspective Descartes presented has had long-lasting effects on the various disciplines of medicine, psychology, and much more, especially in putting an emphasis on separating the mind from the body in order to explain observable behaviors.
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an emotional or another (potentially) reversible cause or both. For example, a test might show that both patients X and Y are unable to name items that they have been previously exposed to within the past 20 minutes (indicating possible dementia). If patient Y can name some of them with further prompting (e.g. given a categorical clue such as being told that the item they could not name is a fruit), this allows a more specific diagnosis than simply dementia (Y appears to have the vascular type which is due to brain pathology but is usually at least somewhat reversible). Clinical neuropsychologists often work in hospital settings in an interdisciplinary medical team; others work in private practice and may provide expert input into medico-legal proceedings. Current research into biological science of memory bridges multiple scales, from the molecular to the neuropsychological (Moscovitch et al.,2016). Memory needs specific details on the specifics of synaptic dynamism and also requires an explanation of the comprehension procedures and memory structures having neurobiological capabilities
1393:. This new discipline looked at the brain as an organ of the mind, where the shape of the skull could ultimately determine one's intelligence and personality. This theory was like many circulating at the time, as many scientists were taking into account physical features of the face and body, head size, anatomical structure, and levels of intelligence; only Gall looked primarily at the brain. There was much debate over the validity of Gall's claims however, because he was often found to be wrong in his predictions. He was once sent a cast of René Descartes' skull, and through his method of phrenology claimed the subject must have had a limited capacity for reasoning and higher cognition. As controversial and false as many of Gall's claims were, his contributions to understanding cortical regions of the brain and localized activity continued to advance understanding of the brain, personality, and behavior. His work is considered crucial to having laid a firm foundation in the field of neuropsychology, which would flourish over the next few decades.
1612:, and the Controlled Oral Word Association. When interpreting neuropsychological testing it is important that the diagnosis is empirically informed in order to determine if the cognitive deficits presented are legitimate. Successful malingering and symptom exaggeration can result in substantial benefits for the individual including but not limited to significant financial compensation, injury litigation, disability claims, and criminal sentencing. Due to the nature of these potential benefits, it is imperative that malingering is identified in neuropsychological tests in order to avoid making an invalid diagnosis. The Slick, Sherman, and Iverson (1999) criteria for Malingered Neurocognitive Dysfunction (MND) has pioneered the ability to detect malingering in a variety of performance validity tests (PVT) and symptom validity tests (SVT) across multiple neuropsychological contexts and disorders. These tests detect malingering by identifying performance that is below the level of probability for neuropsychological dysfunction.
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beings capable of rational thought, Willis looked at specialized structures of the brain. He theorized that higher structures accounted for complex functions, whereas lower structures were responsible for functions similar to those seen in other animals, consisting mostly of reactions and automatic responses. He was particularly interested in people with manic disorders and hysteria. His research constituted some of the first times that psychiatry and neurology came together to study individuals. Through his in-depth study of the brain and behavior, Willis concluded that automated responses such as breathing, heartbeats, and other various motor activities were carried out within the lower region of the brain. Although much of his work has been made obsolete, his ideas presented the brain as more complex than previously imagined, and led the way for future pioneers to understand and build upon his theories, especially when it came to looking at disorders and dysfunctions in the brain.
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different regions of the brain based on sensory and motor function. In 1873, Wernicke observed a patient presenting with poor language comprehension despite maintaining intact speech and hearing following a severe stroke. Post-morbid analysis revealed a lesion near the auditory region of the brain in the parietal-temporal region of the left hemisphere. Originally named sensory aphasia, this region later became known as
Wernicke's area. Individuals with damage to this area present with fluent but receptive aphasia characterized by the inability to comprehend or express written or spoken language while maintaining intact speech and auditory processes. Along with Paul Broca, Wernicke's contributions greatly expanded the present knowledge of language development and localization of left hemispheric function.
1349:. Often Descartes's ideas were looked upon as overly philosophical and lacking in sufficient scientific foundation. Descartes focused much of his anatomical experimentation on the brain, paying special attention to the pineal gland – which he argued was the actual "seat of the soul." Still deeply rooted in a spiritual outlook towards the scientific world, the body was said to be mortal, and the soul immortal. The pineal gland was then thought to be the very place at which the mind would interact with the mortal and machine-like body. At the time, Descartes was convinced the mind had control over the behaviors of the body (controlling the person) – but also that the body could have influence over the mind, which is referred to as
1414:
the act of ones speech, a discovery that had stemmed from the research of Gall. He was also one of the first to use larger samples for research although it took many years for that method to be accepted. By looking at over a hundred different case studies, Bouillaud came to discover that it was through different areas of the brain that speech is completed and understood. By observing people with brain damage, his theory was made more concrete. Bouillaud, along with many other pioneers of the time made great advances within the field of neurology, especially when it came to localization of function. There are many arguable debates as to who deserves the most credit for such discoveries, and often, people remain unmentioned, but
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its actual functioning. However, by switching the attention of the medical community to the brain, his theory led to more scientific discovery of the organ responsible for our behaviors. For years to come, scientists were inspired to explore the functions of the body and to find concrete explanations for both normal and abnormal behaviors. Scientific discovery led them to believe that there were natural and organically occurring reasons to explain various functions of the body, and it could all be traced back to the brain. Hippocrates introduced the concept of the mind – which was widely seen as a separate function apart from the actual brain organ.
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animals. He found that while their brains were cold to the touch and that such contact did not trigger any movements, the heart was warm and active, accelerating and slowing dependent on mood. Such beliefs were upheld by many for years to come, persisting through the Middle Ages and the
Renaissance period until they began to falter in the 17th century due to further research. The influence of Aristotle in the development of neuropsychology is evident within language used in modern day, since we "follow our hearts" and "learn by the heart."
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recognizable and respected discipline. Armed with the understanding that specific, independent areas of the brain are responsible for articulation and understanding of speech, the brains abilities were finally being acknowledged as the complex and highly intricate organ that it is. Broca was essentially the first to fully break away from the ideas of phrenology and delve deeper into a more scientific and psychological view of the brain.
1600:, meaning that they have been administered to a specific group (or groups) of individuals before being used in individual clinical cases. The data resulting from standardization are known as normative data. After these data have been collected and analyzed, they are used as the comparative standard against which individual performances can be compared. Examples of neuropsychological tests include: the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), the
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is known as functional localization. This is based on the principle that if a specific cognitive problem can be found after an injury to a specific area of the brain, it is possible that this part of the brain is in some way involved. However, there may be reason to believe that the link between mental functions and neural regions is not so simple. An alternative model of the link between mind and brain, such as
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1255:, different theories were developed as to why the body functioned the way it did. Many times, bodily functions were approached from a religious point of view, and abnormalities were blamed on bad spirits and the gods. The brain has not always been considered the center of the functioning body. It has taken hundreds of years to develop our understanding of the brain and how it affects our behaviors.
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1532:, may have more explanatory power for the workings and dysfunction of the human brain. Yet another approach investigates how the pattern of errors produced by brain-damaged individuals can constrain our understanding of mental representations and processes without reference to the underlying neural structure. A more recent but related approach is
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to model specific cognitive processes using what are considered to be simplified but plausible models of how neurons operate. Once trained to perform a specific cognitive task these networks are often damaged or 'lesioned' to simulate brain injury or impairment in an attempt to understand and compare
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and he believed that it was a general rule that governed how brain tissue would respond, independent of the type of learning. But we know now that mass action was a misinterpretation of his empirical results, because in order to run a maze the rats required multiple cortical areas. Cutting into small
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is a relatively new development and has emerged as a distillation of the complementary approaches of both experimental and clinical neuropsychology. It seeks to understand the mind and brain by studying people with brain injuries or neurological illnesses. One model of neuropsychological functioning
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was an influential nineteenth century neuropsychiatrist specifically interested in understanding how abnormalities could be localized to specific brain regions. Previously held theories attributed brain function as one singular process but
Wernicke was one of the first to attribute brain function to
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Brain models based on mouse and monkey have been developed based on theoretical neuroscience involving working memory and attention, while mapping brain activity based on time constants validated by measurements of neuronal activity in various layers of the brain. These methods also map to decision
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problems. In particular they bring a psychological viewpoint to treatment, to understand how such illness and injury may affect and be affected by psychological factors. They also can offer an opinion as to whether a person is demonstrating difficulties due to brain pathology or as a consequence of
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expanded upon the ideas of Gall and took a closer look at the idea of distinct cortical regions of the brain each having their own independent function. Bouillaud was specifically interested in speech and wrote many publications on the anterior region of the brain being responsible for carrying out
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to uncover the relationship between the nervous system and cognitive function. The majority of work involves studying healthy humans in a laboratory setting, although a minority of researchers may conduct animal experiments. Human work in this area often takes advantage of specific features of our
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viewed the brain as the seat of the soul. He drew a connection between the brain and behaviors of the body, writing: "The brain exercises the greatest power in the man." Apart from moving the focus from the heart as the "seat of the soul" to the brain, Hippocrates did not go into much detail about
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Aristotle reinforced this focus on the heart which originated in Egypt. He believed the heart to be in control of mental processes, and looked on the brain, due to its inert nature, as a mechanism for cooling the heat generated by the heart. He drew his conclusions based on the empirical study of
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studied at Oxford
University and took a physiological approach to the brain and behavior. It was Willis who coined the words 'hemisphere' and 'lobe' when referring to the brain. He was one of the earliest to use the words 'neurology' and 'psychology'. Rejecting the idea that humans were the only
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committed much of his study to the phenomena of how speech is understood and produced. Through his study, it was discovered and expanded upon that we articulate via the left hemisphere. Broca's observations and methods are widely considered to be where neuropsychology really takes form as a
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Lashley's works and theories that follow are summarized in his book Brain
Mechanisms and Intelligence. Lashley's theory of the Engram was the driving force for much of his research. An engram was believed to be a part of the brain where a specific memory was stored. He continued to use the
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technologies to take readings from the brain, usually when a person is doing a particular task, in an attempt to understand how the activation of particular brain areas is related to the task. In particular, the growth of methodologies to employ cognitive testing within established
1473:. We know now that he was seeing evidence of plasticity in the brain: within certain constraints the brain has the ability for certain areas to take over the functions of other areas if those areas should fail or be removed - although not to the extent initially argued by Lashley.
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individual parts alone will not impair the rats' brains much, but taking large sections removes multiple cortical areas at one time, affecting various functions such as sight, motor coordination, and memory, making the animal unable to run a maze properly.
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to investigate the structure or function of the brain is common, either as simply a way of better assessing brain injury with high resolution pictures, or by examining the relative activations of different brain areas. Such technologies may include
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made major progress in understanding the brain. He theorized that personality was directly related to features and structures within the brain. However, Gall's major contribution within the field of neuroscience is his invention of
1267:. They took a more scientific approach to medicine and disease, describing the brain, trauma, abnormalities, and remedies for reference for future physicians. Despite this, Egyptians saw the heart, not the brain, as the
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training/ablation method that Franz had taught him. He would train a rat to learn a maze and then use systematic lesions and removed sections of cortical tissue to see if the rat forgot what it had learned.
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Towards the late 19th century, the belief that the size of ones skull could determine their level of intelligence was discarded as science and medicine moved forward. A physician by the name of
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It is both an experimental and clinical field of patient-focused psychology. Thus aiming to understand how behavior and cognition are influenced by brain function. It is also concerned with the
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The use of electrophysiological measures designed to measure the activation of the brain by measuring the electrical or magnetic field produced by the nervous system. This may include
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Eadie MJ (March 2003). "A pathology of the animal spirits -- the clinical neurology of Thomas Willis (1621-1675). Part II -- disorders of intrinsically abnormal animal spirits".
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The use of designed experimental tasks, often controlled by computer and typically measuring reaction time and accuracy on a particular tasks thought to be related to a specific
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Lashley also proposed that a portion of a functional area could carry out the role of the entire area, even when the rest of the area has been removed. He called this phenomenon
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3060:"Computerized neuropsychological assessment devices: joint position paper of the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology and the National Academy of Neuropsychology"
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2907:"Practical guidelines in the use of symptom validity and other psychological tests to measure malingering and symptom exaggeration in traumatic brain injury cases"
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Through his research with the rats, he learned that forgetting was dependent on the amount of tissue removed and not where it was removed from. He called this
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In practice these approaches are not mutually exclusive and most neuropsychologists select the best approach or approaches for the task to be completed.
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2858:"Multidimensional Malingering Criteria for Neuropsychological Assessment: A 20-Year Update of the Malingered Neuropsychological Dysfunction Criteria"
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was thought useless and was often discarded during burial processes and autopsies. As the field of medicine developed its understanding of human
1243:, perhaps even earlier. There is much debate as to when societies started considering the functions of different organs. For many centuries, the
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in humans and animals. It has also been applied in efforts to record electrical activity from individual cells (or groups of cells) in higher
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3011:"Inhibitory Control in the Cortico-Basal Ganglia-Thalamocortical Loop: Complex Regulation and Interplay with Memory and Decision Processes"
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Cubelli R, De
Bastiani P (February 2011). "150 years after Leborgne: why is Paul Broca so important in the history of neuropsychology?".
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is perhaps one of the most famous and well known contributors to neuropsychology – often referred to as "the father" of the discipline.
1133:. Professionals in this branch of psychology focus on how injuries or illnesses of the brain affect cognitive and behavioral functions.
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1570:) techniques to study brain-behavior relations is having a notable influence on neuropsychological research.
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and
Whishaw in 1980. However, the history of its development can be traced back to the Third Dynasty in
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It was in the mid-17th century that another major contributor to the field of neuropsychology emerged.
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and classical psychology is largely divorced from it, neuropsychology seeks to discover how the brain
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settings, often involved in assessing or treating patients with neuropsychological problems), and
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Carus P (1905). "The
Conception of the Soul and the Belief in Resurrection Among the Egyptians".
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of people who have experienced illness or injury (particularly to the brain) which has caused
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which seeks to understand the normal function of mind and brain by studying psychiatric or
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Posner MI, DiGirolamo GJ (November 2000). "Cognitive neuroscience: origins and promise".
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These tasks have been designed so the performance on the task can be linked to specific
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through the study of neurological patients. It thus shares concepts and concerns with
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Arráez-Aybar LA, Navia-Álvarez P, Fuentes-Redondo T, Bueno-López JL (March 2015).
2207:
Finger S (2005-03-03). "Thomas Willis: The
Functional Organization of the Brain".
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2107:
Benton AL, Sivan AB (March 2007). "Clinical neuropsychology: a brief history".
6379:
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4871:
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4209:
4005:
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3753:
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1695:
1641:(CAT or CT), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) which yields structural data.
1621:
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3075:
3058:
Bauer RM, Iverson GL, Cernich AN, Binder LM, Ruff RM, Naugle RI (May 2012).
2534:
Carmichael L (May 1959). "Karl
Spencer Lashley, experimental psychologist".
1991:
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nervous system (for example that visual information presented to a specific
1319:
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27:
Study of the brain related to specific psychological processes and behaviors
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In practice, neuropsychologists tend to work in research settings such as (
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is the application of neuropsychological knowledge to the assessment (see
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2379:
Cortex; A Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
1204:
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88:
1999:
1263:
In ancient Egypt, writings on medicine date from the time of the priest
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1914:
Minds Behind the Brain: A History of the Pioneers and their discoveries
1264:
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140:
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expanded upon this idea and is most widely known for his work on the
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175:
2784:"Functional brain imaging in neuropsychology over the past 25 years"
2672:
4747:
2764:(Fall 2018 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
1481:
Experimental neuropsychology is an approach that uses methods from
1227:
Neuropsychology is a relatively new discipline within the field of
3132:
1400:
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1295:
1283:
1278:
1244:
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132:
2582:
Neuroscience Online: An Electronic Textbook for the Neurosciences
2447:
Javed, Kinaan; Reddy, Vamsi; M Das, Joe; Wroten, Michael (2022),
1650:
states of behavior in simple tasks that involve binary outcomes.
4138:
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1215:
settings or industry (often as clinical-trial consultants where
1165:
972:
5222:
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4560:
3564:
3136:
1634:
3560:
1633:(PET), which yields data related to functioning, as well as
2723:
Hall J, O'Carroll RE, Frith CD (2010). "Neuropsychology".
2835:. Vol. 3: Psychological Assessment. London: SAGE.
1494:
hemisphere on the opposite side) to make links between
1551:
the results to the effects of brain injury in humans.
2960:
Alexander AL, Lee JE, Lazar M, Field AS (July 2007).
1889:"The Great Canadian Psychology Website - Researchers"
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2584:. The University of Texas Medical School at Houston
1686:
Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery
2690:Stebbins GT (2007). "Neuropsychological Testing".
1944:
1911:
2831:Boyle GJ, Saklofske DH, Matthews G, eds. (2012).
1832:. New York/NY, US: Worth Publishers. p. 57.
2905:Etcoff, L. M.; Kampfer, K. M. (December 1996).
2455:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
2166:Finger S (1994). "History of Neuropsychology".
5234:
4576:
3576:
3148:
1783:List of neurological conditions and disorders
1091:
489:
8:
5111:Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring
2727:(8th ed.). Elsevier. pp. 121–140.
2578:"Learning and Memory (Section 4, Chapter 7)"
2211:. Oxford University Press. pp. 85–100.
1629:(functional magnetic resonance imaging) and
1188:(including some studies of human patients).
2648:"Clinical and experimental neuropsychology"
2337:History of Neuropsychology: Selected Papers
1830:Learning and Memory: From Brain to Behavior
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5241:
5227:
5219:
4583:
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2364:A History of Psychology: Ideas and Context
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507:
496:
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379:Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery
39:
3083:
3034:
2985:
2881:
2807:
2268:
2217:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195181821.003.0007
2046:
2015:"A History of the Association Psychology"
1231:. The first textbook defining the field,
394:Luria-Nebraska neuropsychological battery
6405:Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
2962:"Diffusion tensor imaging of the brain"
2762:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2624:"What is Experimental Neuropsychology?"
1820:
1310:(similarity, contrast, and contiguity).
1144:of behavioral and cognitive effects of
515:
42:
2605:
2595:
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2153:
2141:
1828:Gluck MA, Mercado E, Myers CE (2016).
5897:Psychological effects of Internet use
2442:
2440:
2238:
2236:
1688:(CANTAB) or CNS Vital Signs (CNSVS).
1596:processes. These tests are typically
1582:Standardized neuropsychological tests
1564:functional magnetic resonance imaging
1233:Fundamentals of Human Neuropsychology
7:
5201:
3510:
3064:Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology
2862:Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology
2102:
2100:
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2094:
2074:"History of Neuropsychology | BRAIN"
2068:
2066:
5877:Digital media use and mental health
2479:Lanczik, M.; Keil, G. (June 1991).
1684:process. An example of this is the
1490:is preferentially processed by the
5508:Automatic and controlled processes
2856:Sherman, Elisabeth (May 6, 2020).
2782:Roalf DR, Gur RC (November 2017).
2733:10.1016/b978-0-7020-3137-3.00007-3
2421:"Carl Wernicke | Encyclopedia.com"
2176:10.1016/b978-0-08-092668-1.50007-7
25:
5917:Smartphones and pedestrian safety
5091:Development of the nervous system
3480:Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
1602:Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
414:Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
114:Neuropsychological rehabilitation
6568:
6555:
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5942:Mobile phones and driving safety
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3498:
3497:
3009:Wei W, Wang XJ (December 2016).
2725:Companion to Psychiatric Studies
2700:10.1016/b978-141603618-0.10027-x
2366:(3rd ed.). Boston: Pearson.
2294:Journal of Clinical Neuroscience
1726:
1712:
1698:
1604:(WAIS), Boston Naming Test, the
1384:Neuroanatomist and physiologist
1302:. Impressions are stored in the
1065:
523:
462:
450:
438:
50:
5845:Computer-mediated communication
2121:10.1016/j.disamonth.2007.04.003
1959:from the original on 2022-01-12
6122:Empathising–systemising theory
5425:female intrasexual competition
5362:Evolutionarily stable strategy
2694:. Elsevier. pp. 539–557.
2692:Textbook of Clinical Neurology
1946:"How Imhotep gave us medicine"
1637:(magnetic resonance imaging),
1117:concerned with how a person's
30:For the academic journal, see
1:
6482:Standard social science model
5535:Cognitive tradeoff hypothesis
4932:Social cognitive neuroscience
3888:Industrial and organizational
3470:Mini–mental state examination
2833:SAGE Benchmarks in Psychology
2556:10.1126/science.129.3360.1410
2449:"Neuroanatomy, Wernicke Area"
2306:10.1016/S0967-5868(02)00164-9
1918:. New York: Oxford. pp.
1510:neuropsychological assessment
1235:, was initially published by
1199:, or research institutions),
808:Industrial and organizational
404:Rey–Osterrieth complex figure
399:Mini–mental state examination
109:Neuropsychological assessment
6330:Missing heritability problem
5922:Social aspects of television
5545:Evolution of nervous systems
5513:Computational theory of mind
4907:Molecular cellular cognition
4129:Human factors and ergonomics
3435:Benton Visual Retention Test
3027:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.10.031
2628:www.allpsychologycareers.com
2391:10.1016/j.cortex.2010.11.004
1631:positron emission tomography
1610:Benton Visual Retention Test
1498:and psychological function.
963:Human factors and ergonomics
369:Benton Visual Retention Test
6576:Evolutionary biology portal
5126:Neurodevelopmental disorder
5101:Neural network (biological)
5096:Neural network (artificial)
3445:Continuous Performance Task
2170:. Elsevier. pp. 1–28.
1867:10.1037/0033-2909.126.6.873
1778:Comparative neuropsychology
1606:Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
424:Wisconsin Card Sorting Task
374:Continuous Performance Task
6614:
6537:Evolutionary psychologists
6410:Trivers–Willard hypothesis
6325:Human–animal communication
6037:Ovulatory shift hypothesis
5887:Imprinted brain hypothesis
5855:Human–computer interaction
4653:Computational neuroscience
2978:10.1016/j.nurt.2007.05.011
2497:10.1177/0957154X9100200604
1657:
1585:
1548:artificial neural networks
1450:
1317:
29:
6531:
6457:Environmental determinism
6428:Cultural selection theory
6315:Evolutionary epistemology
6229:evolutionary neuroscience
5902:Rank theory of depression
5404:Parent–offspring conflict
5256:
5184:
5121:Neurodegenerative disease
4965:Evolutionary neuroscience
4744:
4598:
4515:
3818:Applied behavior analysis
3790:
3598:
3493:
3455:Hayling and Brixton tests
3125:Resources in your library
2025:(2750): 19–30, 259, 296.
1763:Cognitive neuropsychology
1758:Cognitive neuropsychiatry
1639:computed axial tomography
1534:cognitive neuropsychiatry
1525:Cognitive neuropsychology
738:Applied behavior analysis
384:Hayling and Brixton tests
79:Cognitive neuropsychology
6350:Cultural group selection
6234:Biocultural anthropology
5927:Societal impacts of cars
5860:Media naturalness theory
5550:Fight-or-flight response
5086:Brain–computer interface
5035:Neuromorphic engineering
4960:Educational neuroscience
4867:Nutritional neuroscience
4772:Clinical neurophysiology
4668:Integrative neuroscience
3440:Clinical Dementia Rating
3188:Clinical neuropsychology
3178:Brain–computer interface
1753:Clinical neuropsychology
1502:Clinical neuropsychology
1320:Aristotle § Thought
1219:function is a concern).
74:Clinical neuropsychology
6550:Evolutionary psychology
6514:Sociocultural evolution
6355:Dual inheritance theory
5812:Personality development
5273:Theoretical foundations
5250:Evolutionary psychology
4897:Behavioral neuroscience
4094:Behavioral neuroscience
3658:Behavioral neuroscience
1992:10.5840/monist190515326
1891:. University of Calgary
1670:magneto-encephalography
1588:Neuropsychological test
1555:Functional neuroimaging
1506:neuropsychological test
1483:experimental psychology
1411:Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud
1405:Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud
1397:Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud
928:Behavioral neuroscience
585:Behavioral neuroscience
6472:Social constructionism
6467:Psychological nativism
6442:Biological determinism
6390:Recent human evolution
6385:Punctuated equilibrium
6208:Behavioral epigenetics
6203:evolutionary economics
6172:Variability hypothesis
6117:Emotional intelligence
5850:Engineering psychology
5540:Evolution of the brain
4892:Affective neuroscience
4673:Molecular neuroscience
4628:Behavioral epigenetics
4144:Psychology of religion
4084:Behavioral engineering
4021:Human subject research
3677:Cognitive neuroscience
3643:Affective neuroscience
3485:Wisconsin card sorting
3223:Traumatic brain injury
3193:Cognitive neuroscience
2911:Neuropsychology Review
2874:10.1093/arclin/acaa019
2209:Minds Behind the Brain
1855:Psychological Bulletin
1768:Cognitive neuroscience
1666:electroencephalography
1406:
1368:
1311:
1146:neurological disorders
978:Psychology of religion
918:Behavioral engineering
604:Cognitive neuroscience
570:Affective neuroscience
256:Patricia Goldman-Rakic
119:Traumatic brain injury
84:Cognitive neuroscience
6499:Multilineal evolution
6462:Nature versus nurture
6421:Theoretical positions
6269:Functional psychology
6264:Evolutionary medicine
6239:Biological psychiatry
5947:Texting while driving
5937:Lead–crime hypothesis
5797:Cognitive development
5782:Caregiver deprivation
5293:Gene selection theory
4955:Cultural neuroscience
4950:Consumer neuroscience
4792:Neurogastroenterology
4648:Cellular neuroscience
4520:Wiktionary definition
4056:Self-report inventory
4051:Quantitative research
3549:Psychology portal
3535:Philosophy portal
3465:Lexical decision task
3076:10.1093/arclin/acs027
2760:. In Zalta EN (ed.).
2485:History of Psychiatry
1748:Biological psychology
1404:
1364:
1282:
1176:in general. The term
1072:Psychology portal
457:Philosophy portal
445:Psychology portal
419:Wechsler Memory Scale
389:Lexical Decision Task
6452:Cultural determinism
6259:Evolutionary biology
6244:Cognitive psychology
6192:Academic disciplines
5840:Cognitive ergonomics
5807:Language acquisition
5787:Childhood attachment
5600:Wason selection task
5494:Behavioral modernity
5283:Cognitive revolution
5266:Evolutionary thought
4927:Sensory neuroscience
4767:Behavioral neurology
4738:Systems neuroscience
4046:Qualitative research
4001:Behavior epigenetics
3402:Roger Wolcott Sperry
3317:Arthur Lester Benton
2425:www.encyclopedia.com
1808:Psychiatric genetics
1773:Cognitive psychology
1743:Behavioral neurology
1645:Global Brain Project
1447:Karl Spencer Lashley
1180:has been applied to
1174:behavioral neurology
1148:. Whereas classical
1129:and the rest of the
6519:Unilineal evolution
6284:Population genetics
6069:Sexy son hypothesis
6007:Hormonal motivation
5987:Concealed ovulation
5528:Dual process theory
5399:Parental investment
5070:Social neuroscience
4970:Global neurosurgery
4847:Neurorehabilitation
4817:Neuro-ophthalmology
4802:Neurointensive care
4633:Behavioral genetics
4525:Wiktionary category
4089:Behavioral genetics
4061:Statistical surveys
3918:Occupational health
3653:Behavioral genetics
3430:Bender-Gestalt Test
3261:Executive functions
2548:1959Sci...129.1410C
2542:(3360): 1410–1412.
2031:1922Natur.110S..75.
1952:The Daily Telegraph
1793:Neuropsychoanalysis
1530:parallel processing
1512:), management, and
1308:Laws of Association
1300:Aristotle's biology
1125:are related to the
923:Behavioral genetics
838:Occupational health
580:Behavioral genetics
511:Part of a series on
469:Medicine portal
161:Executive functions
6477:Social determinism
6360:Fisher's principle
6320:Great ape language
6310:Cultural evolution
6279:Philosophy of mind
6112:Division of labour
6074:Westermarck effect
6022:Mating preferences
5932:Distracted driving
5666:Literary criticism
5523:Domain specificity
5503:modularity of mind
5146:Neuroimmune system
5040:Neurophenomenology
4980:Neural engineering
4703:Neuroendocrinology
4683:Neural engineering
4497:Schools of thought
4400:Richard E. Nisbett
4280:Donald T. Campbell
3958:Sport and exercise
3450:Glasgow Coma Scale
3276:Motor coordination
2923:10.1007/BF01874896
2800:10.1037/neu0000426
2249:Journal of Anatomy
1676:Experimental tasks
1407:
1369:
1312:
1304:seat of perception
1040:Schools of thought
878:Sport and exercise
724:Applied psychology
181:Motor coordination
6585:
6584:
6563:Psychology portal
6527:
6526:
6370:Hologenome theory
6340:Unit of selection
6335:Primate cognition
6249:Cognitive science
6180:
6179:
6051:Sexual attraction
6027:Mating strategies
5792:Cinderella effect
5722:Moral foundations
5626:Visual perception
5518:Domain generality
5487:Facial expression
5435:Sexual dimorphism
5394:Natural selection
5340:Hamiltonian spite
5216:
5215:
5065:Paleoneurobiology
5000:Neuroepistemology
4975:Neuroanthropology
4941:Interdisciplinary
4827:Neuropharmacology
4787:Neuroepidemiology
4558:
4557:
4535:Wikimedia Commons
4462:Counseling topics
4425:Ronald C. Kessler
4415:Shelley E. Taylor
4340:Lawrence Kohlberg
4315:Stanley Schachter
4114:Consumer behavior
3996:Archival research
3764:Psycholinguistics
3648:Affective science
3558:
3557:
3342:Elkhonon Goldberg
3111:Library resources
2966:Neurotherapeutics
2842:978-0-85702-270-7
2756:Garson J (2018).
2742:978-0-7020-3137-3
2709:978-1-4160-3618-0
2673:"Neuropsychology"
2335:Benton A (2000).
2261:10.1111/joa.12273
2226:978-0-08-092668-1
2185:978-0-08-092668-1
2080:. 31 January 2016
2048:2027/chi.65413836
2013:Warren H (1921).
1929:978-0-19-518182-1
1910:Finger S (2000).
1839:978-1-319-15405-9
1734:Psychology portal
1720:Philosophy portal
1660:Electrophysiology
1654:Electrophysiology
1577:Methods and tools
1386:Franz Joseph Gall
1380:Franz Joseph Gall
1347:mind–body problem
1201:clinical settings
1108:
1107:
1005:Counseling topics
948:Consumer behavior
689:Psycholinguistics
575:Affective science
506:
505:
338:("H.M.", patient)
331:Hans-Lukas Teuber
251:Elkhonon Goldberg
18:Neuropsychologist
16:(Redirected from
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6546:
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6189:
6185:Related subjects
5972:Adult attachment
5499:Cognitive module
5455:
5442:Social selection
5416:Costly signaling
5411:Sexual selection
5298:Modern synthesis
5243:
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5106:Detection theory
4990:Neurocriminology
4917:Neurolinguistics
4832:Neuroprosthetics
4750:
4713:Neuroinformatics
4663:Imaging genetics
4585:
4578:
4571:
4562:
4492:Research methods
4435:Richard Davidson
4430:Joseph E. LeDoux
4305:George A. Miller
4295:David McClelland
4290:Herbert A. Simon
4190:Edward Thorndike
4011:Content analysis
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3769:Psychophysiology
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3281:Natural language
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1471:equipotentiality
1306:, linked by his
1269:seat of the soul
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1035:Research methods
694:Psychophysiology
556:Basic psychology
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246:Norman Geschwind
226:Arthur L. Benton
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166:Natural language
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6509:Neoevolutionism
6416:
6400:Species complex
6365:Group selection
6303:Research topics
6298:
6274:Neuropsychology
6176:
6162:Substance abuse
6084:Sex differences
6078:
5992:Coolidge effect
5953:
5865:Neuroergonomics
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5581:Folk psychology
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5166:Neurotechnology
5161:Neuroplasticity
5156:Neuromodulation
5151:Neuromanagement
5074:
5045:Neurophilosophy
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4883:
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4797:Neuroimmunology
4782:Neurocardiology
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4723:Neuromorphology
4678:Neural decoding
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4405:Martin Seligman
4370:Daniel Kahneman
4310:Richard Lazarus
4260:Raymond Cattell
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3392:Karl H. Pribram
3382:Alexander Luria
3357:Kenneth Heilman
3327:António Damásio
3305:
3296:Problem solving
3256:Decision making
3233:Brain functions
3227:
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1170:neuropsychiatry
1162:correlates with
1152:focuses on the
1113:is a branch of
1111:Neuropsychology
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326:Roger W. Sperry
321:Mark Rosenzweig
306:Karl H. Pribram
296:Alexander Luria
266:Kenneth Heilman
236:Antonio Damasio
216:
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196:Problem solving
156:Decision making
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133:Brain functions
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5131:Neurodiversity
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4698:Neurochemistry
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4407:
4402:
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4380:Michael Posner
4377:
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4365:Elliot Aronson
4362:
4360:Walter Mischel
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
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4325:Albert Bandura
4322:
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4300:Leon Festinger
4297:
4292:
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4282:
4277:
4272:
4270:Neal E. Miller
4267:
4265:Abraham Maslow
4262:
4257:
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4250:Ernest Hilgard
4247:
4245:Donald O. Hebb
4242:
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4225:J. P. Guilford
4222:
4220:Gordon Allport
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4200:John B. Watson
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3377:Rodolfo Llinás
3374:
3372:Benjamin Libet
3369:
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3354:
3352:Donald O. Hebb
3349:
3347:Kurt Goldstein
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3203:Misconceptions
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3105:External links
3103:
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2952:
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1594:neurocognitive
1586:Main article:
1583:
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1557:uses specific
1546:is the use of
1538:mental illness
1518:neurocognitive
1514:rehabilitation
1478:
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1451:Main article:
1448:
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1337:René Descartes
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1318:Main article:
1276:
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1182:lesion studies
1158:nervous system
1131:nervous system
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106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
65:
60:
59:
56:
55:
47:
46:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6610:
6599:
6596:
6595:
6593:
6578:
6577:
6571:
6567:
6565:
6564:
6558:
6554:
6552:
6551:
6541:
6539:
6538:
6534:
6533:
6530:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6504:Neo-Darwinism
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6489:Functionalism
6487:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6447:Connectionism
6445:
6443:
6440:
6439:
6438:
6437:indeterminism
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6425:
6423:
6419:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6342:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6307:
6305:
6301:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6226:
6222:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6200:
6197:
6196:
6194:
6190:
6187:
6183:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6157:Schizophrenia
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6142:Mental health
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6089:
6087:
6085:
6081:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6061:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6017:Mate guarding
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5977:Age disparity
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5960:
5956:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5929:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5907:Schizophrenia
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5842:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5833:
5832:Mental health
5828:
5827:Human factors
5824:
5818:
5817:Socialization
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5777:paternal bond
5774:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5752:
5748:
5742:
5739:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5730:
5727:
5723:
5720:
5719:
5718:
5715:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5697:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5684:
5681:
5680:
5679:
5676:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5663:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5654:
5650:
5642:
5641:Naïve physics
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5628:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5608:
5607:Motor control
5605:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5592:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5573:
5570:
5566:
5565:Ophidiophobia
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5555:Arachnophobia
5553:
5552:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5482:Display rules
5480:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5473:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5465:
5460:
5456:
5453:
5449:
5443:
5440:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5412:
5409:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5384:Kin selection
5382:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5312:
5306:
5303:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5278:Adaptationism
5276:
5275:
5274:
5271:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5259:
5258:
5255:
5251:
5244:
5239:
5237:
5232:
5230:
5225:
5224:
5221:
5209:
5208:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5187:
5186:
5183:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5077:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5060:Neurotheology
5058:
5056:
5055:Neurorobotics
5053:
5051:
5050:Neuropolitics
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5015:Neuroethology
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4939:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4912:Motor control
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4902:Chronobiology
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4885:
4879:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4862:Neurovirology
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4760:
4754:
4749:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4708:Neurogenetics
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4643:Brain-reading
4641:
4639:
4638:Brain mapping
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4615:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4597:
4593:
4586:
4581:
4579:
4574:
4572:
4567:
4566:
4563:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4514:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4482:Psychologists
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4472:Organizations
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4451:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4420:John Anderson
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4350:Ulric Neisser
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4335:Endel Tulving
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4320:Robert Zajonc
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4275:Jerome Bruner
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4240:B. F. Skinner
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4205:Clark L. Hull
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4185:Sigmund Freud
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4175:William James
4173:
4171:
4170:Wilhelm Wundt
4168:
4166:
4163:
4162:Psychologists
4158:
4150:
4149:Psychometrics
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4109:Consciousness
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4041:Psychophysics
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3983:Methodologies
3980:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3943:Psychotherapy
3941:
3939:
3938:Psychometrics
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3800:
3795:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3704:Developmental
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3625:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3597:
3593:
3586:
3581:
3579:
3574:
3572:
3567:
3566:
3563:
3551:
3550:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3524:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3496:
3495:
3492:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3475:Stroop effect
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3460:Johari window
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3387:Brenda Milner
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3251:Consciousness
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3183:Brain regions
3181:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3158:
3153:
3151:
3146:
3144:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3104:
3095:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3054:
3051:
3046:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3005:
3002:
2997:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2956:
2953:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2901:
2898:
2893:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2852:
2849:
2844:
2838:
2834:
2827:
2824:
2819:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2778:
2775:
2763:
2759:
2752:
2749:
2744:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2719:
2716:
2711:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2686:
2683:
2678:
2677:Dr Doug Cohen
2674:
2667:
2664:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2611:
2599:
2583:
2579:
2573:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2530:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2475:
2472:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2370:
2365:
2358:
2355:
2352:, p. 151
2351:
2346:
2343:
2339:. US: Oxford.
2338:
2331:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2288:
2285:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2203:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2079:
2078:brainaacn.org
2075:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2009:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
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1943:Highfield R.
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151:Consciousness
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6273:
6152:Neuroscience
6132:Intelligence
5678:Anthropology
5631:Color vision
5616:Multitasking
5595:Flynn effect
5590:Intelligence
5572:Folk biology
5315:Evolutionary
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5136:Neurogenesis
5020:Neurohistory
4985:Neurobiotics
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4884:neuroscience
4852:Neurosurgery
4777:Epileptology
4759:neuroscience
4728:Neurophysics
4718:Neurometrics
4693:Neurobiology
4688:Neuroanatomy
4658:Connectomics
4592:Neuroscience
4395:Larry Squire
4390:Bruce McEwen
4385:Amos Tversky
4355:Jerome Kagan
4345:Noam Chomsky
4285:Hans Eysenck
4255:Harry Harlow
4235:Erik Erikson
4134:Intelligence
4031:Neuroimaging
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1488:visual field
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1453:Karl Lashley
1438:
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1298:, action in
1262:
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1197:laboratories
1193:universities
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1177:
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968:Intelligence
699:Quantitative
666:Mathematical
661:Intelligence
651:Experimental
646:Evolutionary
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316:Oliver Sacks
281:Muriel Lezak
276:Edith Kaplan
241:Phineas Gage
99:Neuroanatomy
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6433:Determinism
6345:Coevolution
6289:Primatology
6127:Gender role
6032:Orientation
5912:Screen time
5769:Affectional
5751:Development
5430:Mate choice
5357:By-products
5325:Adaptations
5288:Cognitivism
5010:Neuroethics
4857:Neurotology
4467:Disciplines
4440:Susan Fiske
4330:Roger Brown
4230:Carl Rogers
4215:Jean Piaget
4180:Ivan Pavlov
4036:Observation
4016:Experiments
3963:Suicidology
3858:Educational
3813:Anomalistic
3784:Theoretical
3759:Personality
3689:Comparative
3672:Cognitivism
3663:Behaviorism
3198:Human brain
2606:|work=
2350:Finger 2000
2154:Finger 2000
2142:Finger 2000
1622:brain scans
1620:The use of
1616:Brain scans
1463:mass action
1330:Hippocrates
1325:Hippocrates
1010:Disciplines
883:Suicidology
778:Educational
733:Anomalistic
709:Theoretical
684:Personality
616:Comparative
599:Cognitivism
590:Behaviorism
409:Stroop Test
311:Pasko Rakic
271:Eric Kandel
94:Human brain
6380:Population
6375:Lamarckism
6221:behavioral
6199:Behavioral
6147:Narcissism
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5872:Depression
5759:Attachment
5741:Universals
5705:Psychology
5683:Biological
5671:Musicology
5661:Aesthetics
5560:Basophobia
5367:Exaptation
5345:Reciprocal
5171:Neurotoxin
4872:Psychiatry
4530:Wikisource
4375:Paul Ekman
4210:Kurt Lewin
4104:Competence
4026:Interviews
4006:Case study
3883:Humanistic
3863:Ergonomics
3848:Counseling
3823:Assessment
3805:psychology
3754:Perception
3714:Ecological
3630:psychology
3608:Philosophy
3592:Psychology
3322:David Bohm
3286:Perception
3218:Phrenology
2768:2018-09-25
2657:2018-09-25
2633:2018-09-25
2466:2022-04-21
2453:StatPearls
2430:2022-04-21
2084:2018-09-25
1980:The Monist
1815:References
1477:Approaches
1428:Paul Broca
1422:Paul Broca
1416:Paul Broca
1391:phrenology
1288:perception
1253:physiology
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1115:psychology
938:Competence
803:Humanistic
783:Ergonomics
768:Counseling
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679:Perception
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231:David Bohm
186:Perception
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6102:Cognition
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4540:Wikiquote
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671:Moral
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