422:
505:, has recently attacked this view and argued that it probably came in or soon after 1098. Sharpe stressed that Lucy was the mechanism by which this authority changed hands, and pointed out that Ranulf had been married to Lucy years before Tinchebrai and can be found months before Tinchebrai taking evidence from county jurors at York (which may have been responsible for Cumbria at this point).
565:
658:
Ranulf's accession may have involved him giving up many of his other lands, including much of his wife's
Lincolnshire lands as well as his lands in Cumbria, though direct evidence for this beyond convenient timing is lacking. That Cumberland was given up at this point is likely, as King Henry visited
666:
Hollister believed that Ranulf offered the
Bolingbroke lands to Henry in exchange for Henry's bestowal of the earldom. The historian A. T. Thacker believed that Henry I forced Ranulf to give up most of the Bolingbroke lands through fear that Ranulf would become too powerful, dominating both Cheshire
381:. Ranulf was however not recorded often at the court of Henry I, and did not form part of the king's closest group of administrative advisers. He witnessed charters only occasionally, though this became more frequent after he became earl. In 1106 he is found serving as one of several justiciars at
396:
1101 Henry heard news of a planned invasion of
England by his brother Robert Curthose, he sought promises from his subjects to defend the kingdom. A letter to the men of Lincolnshire names Ranulf as one of four figures entrusted with collecting these oaths. Ranulf was one of the magnates who
654:
in north-eastern Wales. Around 1100, only a quarter of the value of the honour actually lay in
Cheshire, which was one of England's poorest and least developed counties. The estates elsewhere were probably given to the earls in compensation for Cheshire's poverty, in order to strengthen its
317:
thought that Ranulf's father Ranulf de
Briquessart was one of the early close companions of Prince Henry, the future Henry I. Hollister called Ranulf the Elder "a friend from Henry's youthful days in western Normandy", and argued that the homeland of the two Ranulfs had been under Henry's
480:
were probably carved up between Roger the
Poitevin and Ivo in the 1080s, a territorial division at least partially responsible for the later boundary between the two counties. Norman lordship in the heartland of Cumberland can be dated from chronicle sources to around 1092, the year King
531:
As an incoming regional magnate, Ranulf would be expected to distribute land to his own followers, and indeed the record of the jurors of
Cumberland dating to 1212 claimed that Ranulf created two baronies in the region. Ranulf's brother-in-law Robert de Trevers received the barony of
2006:
Durham Liber vitae: London, British
Library, MS Cotton Domitian A.VII: edition and digital facsimile with introduction, codicological, prosopographical and linguistic commentary, and indexes including the Biographical Register of Durham Cathedral Priory (1083–1539) by A. J.
612:, looting, killing, and burning two castles. Perhaps because of his recognised military ability and social strength, because he was loyal and because he was the closest male relation to Earl Richard, Henry recognized Ranulf as Richard's successor to the county of Chester.
655:
vulnerable position on the Anglo-Welsh border. The possibility of conquest and booty in Wales should have supplemented the lordship's wealth and attractiveness, but for much of Henry's reign the
English king tried to keep the neighbouring Welsh princes under his peace.
453:("sometime Lord of Cumberland"). Ranulf possessed the power and in some respects the dignity of a semi-independent earl in the region, though he lacked the formal status of being called such. A contemporary illustration of this authority comes from the records of
376:
Marriage to a great heiress came only with royal patronage, which in turn meant that Ranulf had to be respected and trusted by the king. Ranulf was probably, like his father, among the earliest and most loyal of Henry's followers, and was noted as such by
520:, York, a house that in turn had been generously endowed by Ivo Taillebois. This had occurred by 1112, the year of the death of Abbot Stephen of St Mary's, named in the foundation deed. In later times at least, the priory of Wetheral was dedicated to
492:
Between 1094 and 1098 Lucy was married to Roger fitz Gerold de
Roumare, and it is probable that this marriage was the king's way of transferring authority in the region to Roger fitz Gerold. Only from 1106 however, well into the reign of
318:
overlordship since 1088, despite both ducal and royal authority lying with Henry's two brothers. Hollister further suggested that Ranulf le Meschin may have had a role in persuading Robert Curthose to free Henry from captivity in 1089.
635:, and Ranulf planned to intercept them, a plan carried out by Henry de Pommeroy, Odo Borleng and William de Pont-Authou, with 300 knights. A battle followed, perhaps at Rougemontier (or Bourgthéroulde), in which Waleran was captured.
397:
accompanied King Henry on his invasion of Duke Robert's Norman territory in 1106. Ranulf served under Henry as an officer of the royal household when the latter was on campaign; Ranulf was in fact one of his three commanders at the
667:
and the richer county of Lincoln. Sharpe, however, suggested that Ranulf may have had to sell a great deal of land in order to pay the king for the county of Chester, though it could not have covered the whole fee, as Ranulf's son
289:"Lupus" ("the Wolf"), viscount of the Avranchin and Earl of Chester (from c. 1070). Ranulf was thus, in addition to being heir to the Bessin, the nephew of one of Norman England's most powerful and prestigious families.
321:
The date of Ranulf senior's death, and succession of Ranulf junior, is unclear, but the former's last and the latter's earliest appearance in extant historical records coincides, dating to 24 April 1089 in charter of
449:. This is significant because Robert is known from other sources to have acted with semi-regal authority in this region. A source from 1212 attests that the jurors of Cumberland remembered Ranulf as
1647:, The Record Society of Lancashire and Chester founded to transcribe and publish original documents relating to the two counties; volume 126, Gloucester: Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire,
1265:, pp. 41-42; Sharpe also cites (p. 42) the "unexplained interests in Westmorland in the 1130s" held by Richard fitz Gerard of Appleby, the son of the marriage, as additional evidence for this
678:
Ranulf died in January 1129, and was buried in Chester Abbey. He was survived by his wife and countess, Lucy, and succeeded by his son Ranulf de Gernon. A daughter, Alicia, married
671:, when he succeeded his father to Chester in 1129, owed the king £1000 "from his father's debt for the land of Earl Hugh". Hollister thought this debt was merely the normal
2069:, The Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, Extra Series XXV, Kendal: The Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society,
528:, as well as another saint named Constantine. Ranulf gave Wetheral, among other things, his two churches at Appleby, St Lawrences (Burgate) and St Michaels (Bongate).
2030:, Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society Tract Series No. XXI, Kendal: Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society,
501:, was that Ranulf's authority in the region did not come about until 1106 or after, as a reward for participation in the Battle of Tinchebrai. Another historian,
675:
expected to be paid on a large honour, and suggested that Ranulf's partial non-payment, or Henry's forgiveness for non-payment, was a form of royal patronage.
2175:
642:
group of estates) which formed the holdings of the earl of Chester were scattered throughout England, and during the rule of his predecessors included the
576:
190:
56:
1941:, Special issue of the Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society; volume 71, vol. 71, Chester: Chester Archaeological Society, pp. 37–68,
1665:, Special issue of the Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society; volume 71, vol. 71, Chester: Chester Archaeological Society, pp. 69–95,
461:). No royal activity occurred in Cumberland or Westmorland during Ranulf's time in charge there, testimony to the fullness of his powers in the region.
2102:, Special issue of the Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society; volume 71, vol. 71, Chester: Chester Archaeological Society, pp. 7–22,
2028:
Norman Rule in Cumbria, 1092–1136: A Lecture Delivered to Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society on 9 April 2005 at Carlisle
2250:
402:
262:, Ranulf the elder was the most powerful magnate in the Bessin region of Normandy. Ranulf le Meschin's great-grandmother may even have been from the
2225:
2220:
342:
2126:
Todd, John M. (March 2006), "The West March on the Anglo-Scottish Border in the Twelfth Century and the Origins of the Western Debatable Land",
2230:
544:
to his brother William, but failed to dislodge the native lord, the eponymous "Gille" son of Boite; later the lordship of Allerdale (including
406:
926:
the counties of Coutances and Bayeux save only Bayeux and Caen, a grant Hollister thought was probably a "renewal" rather than a new patronage
464:
Ivo Taillebois, when he married Ranulf's future wife Lucy, had acquired her Lincolnshire lands but sometime after 1086 he acquired estates in
2245:
2014:
1770:
354:
274:
177:
Ranulf fought in Normandy on behalf of Henry I, and served the English king as a kind of semi-independent governor in the far north-west, in
66:
1611:
155:
357:. Between 1098 and 1101 (probably in 1098) Ranulf became a major English landowner in his own right when he became the third husband of
301:, c. 1098 x 1120, indicates that Ranulf le Meschin had an older brother named Richard (who died in youth), and a younger brother named
358:
345:, earl of Chester, and purportedly issued in 1093, Ranulf le Meschin is listed as a witness. His attestation to this grant is written
171:
2090:
Cheshire antiquities, Roman, baronial, and monastic: a re-publ. of orig. copper plates, engr. by J. Strutt, with descriptions &c.
2117:
2074:
2056:
2035:
1992:
1974:
1956:
1928:
1820:
1799:
1752:
1731:
1701:
1680:
1652:
1887:
1842:
446:
421:
2255:
679:
267:
598:
Henry probably could not wait long to replace Richard, as the Welsh were resurgent under the charismatic leadership of
2260:
1710:
922:, which says that in 1096, when Robert Curthose went on Crusade and pawned the duchy to William Rufus, Henry received
846:, p. 54, give the name "Margaret" for Ranulf's mother; King, "Ranulf (I)", gives the name "Matilda", as does Douglas,
591:
on 25 November. Only four days before the disaster, Ranulf and his cousin Richard had witnessed a charter together at
497:, do we have certain evidence that this authority had come to Ranulf. The "traditional view", held by the historian
2023:
616:
502:
489:. There is inconclusive evidence that settlers from Ivo's Lincolnshire lands had come into Cumberland as a result.
1874:
Lewis, C. P. (2004). "Avranches, Hugh d', first earl of Chester (d. 1101), magnate and founder of Chester Abbey".
186:
2240:
1740:
1715:
Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066–1154: Volume I, Regesta Willelmi Conquestoris et Willielmi Rufi, 1066–1100
628:
517:
2235:
553:
521:
362:
361:, heiress of the honour of Bolingbroke in Lincolnshire. This acquisition also brought him the lordship of
619:
and a large number of knights to strengthen the garrisons there. Ranulf commanded the king's garrison at
2067:
Medieval Carlisle: The City and the Borders from the Late Eleventh to the Mid-Sixteenth Century (2 vols)
2051:, Facsimile reprint of 1987, from Church Historians of England, vol. iii. 2 (1858), Lampeter: Llanerch,
239:
235:
127:
266:, as le Meschin's paternal great-grandfather viscount Anschitil is known to have married a daughter of
2215:
2210:
1640:
717:
my Paternoster as the preest it singeth,/ But I kan rymes of Robyn Hood and Randolf Erl of Chestre."
695:
398:
350:
457:, where Ranulf is found addressing his own sheriff, "Richer" (probably Richard de Boivill, baron of
584:
434:
314:
286:
202:
194:
104:
1937:
Lewis, C. P. (1991), "The formation of the honor of Chester, 1066–1100", in Thacker, A. T. (ed.),
2166:
2151:
545:
494:
486:
349:, "signature of Ranulf nephew of the earl". However, the editor of the Chester comital charters,
297:
231:
556:, was given to William. Kirklinton may have been given to Richard de Boivill, Ranulf's sheriff.
2143:
2113:
2070:
2052:
2031:
2010:
1988:
1970:
1952:
1924:
1816:
1795:
1766:
1748:
1727:
1697:
1676:
1648:
919:
682:, a lord in the Anglo-Welsh marches. One of his offspring, his fifth son, participated in the
599:
568:
438:
263:
198:
167:
2098:
Thacker, A. T. (1991), "Introduction: The Earls and Their Earldom", in Thacker, A. T. (ed.),
2192:
2135:
2103:
2044:
1942:
1892:
1847:
1780:
1666:
702:
668:
477:
442:
410:
331:
327:
259:
206:
163:
115:
1661:
Crouch, David (1991), "The Administration of the Norman Earldom", in Thacker, A. T. (ed.),
445:
cited Ranulf's lordship of Carlisle and Cumberland as a model for Robert's new lordship in
205:. He held this position for the remainder of his life, and passed the title on to his son,
2182:
2084:
1808:
683:
580:
537:
498:
454:
426:
378:
323:
302:
293:
159:
42:
1785:, Publications of the Surtees Society; volume 51, Durham: Surtees Society/ Andrews and Co
540:
went to Turgis Brandos. He appears to have attempted to give the large compact barony of
701:
That his career had some claim on the popular imagination may be inferred from lines in
2001:
604:
533:
370:
2204:
2155:
707:
672:
624:
482:
338:
305:. He had a sister called Agnes, who later married Robert de Grandmesnil (died 1136).
255:
93:
525:
401:. The first line of Henry's force was led by Ranulf, the second (with the king) by
1911:
1866:
627:, Robert Curthose's son and heir. In March 1124 Ranulf assisted in the capture of
2088:
17:
1689:
651:
564:
549:
509:
469:
366:
182:
1896:
1851:
1876:
1831:
1813:
The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and Its Transformation, 1000–1135
711:(c. 1362–c. 1386) in which Sloth, the lazy priest, confesses: "I kan
632:
631:. Scouts informed Ranulf that Waleran's forces were planning an expedition to
473:
458:
278:
178:
2147:
1027:, pp. 116, 200, 257 (n. 90 for the reference to Orderic, which is book 6.222)
392:
Ranulf was, however, one of the king's military companions. When, soon after
2139:
1985:
Land of the Cumbrians: A Study in British Provincial Origins, A. D. 400–1120
282:
222:
Ranulf le Meschin's father and mother represented two different families of
620:
2100:
The Earldom of Chester and Its Charters: A Tribute to Geoffrey Barraclough
1939:
The Earldom of Chester and Its Charters: A Tribute to Geoffrey Barraclough
1726:, Yale English Monarchs (New ed.), New Haven: Yale University Press,
1663:
The Earldom of Chester and Its Charters: A Tribute to Geoffrey Barraclough
154:
in Normandy, Ranulf made his career in England thanks to his kinship with
691:
647:
609:
588:
541:
513:
413:. Ranulf's line consisted of the men of Bayeux, Avranches and Coutances.
227:
223:
1967:
The Anglo-Norman Nobility in the Reign of Henry I: The Second Generation
643:
393:
147:
592:
465:
251:
247:
151:
2108:
1947:
1829:
King, Edmund (2004). "Ranulf (I), third earl of Chester (d. 1129)".
1671:
334:. Ranulf le Meschin appears as "Ranulf son of Ranulf the viscount".
281:
between 1017 and 1025, while Richard himself became viscount of the
563:
420:
386:
548:), even larger than Gilsland stretching along the coast from the
687:
623:
and governed the county of Évreux during the 1123-1124 war with
571:
today, originally Chester Abbey, where Ranulf's body was buried.
382:
409:, with another thousand knights from Brittany and Maine led by
174:, heiress of the Bolingbroke-Spalding estates in Lincolnshire.
1645:
The Charters of the Anglo-Norman Earls of Chester, c.1071–1237
638:
Although Ranulf bore the title "earl of Chester", the honour (
150:
magnate based in northern and central England. Originating in
1921:
The Heads of Religious Houses: England and Wales. 1, 940–1216
1919:
Knowles, David; Brooke, C. N. L.; London, C. M, eds. (2001),
615:
In 1123, Henry sent Ranulf to Normandy with his bastard son,
285:
in either 1055 or 1056. Her brother (Richard Goz's son) was
1794:, Yale English Monarchs, New Haven: Yale University Press,
508:
Ranulf likewise distributed land to the church, founding a
277:. Richard's father Thurstan Goz had become viscount of the
273:
Ranulf le Meschin's mother, Margaret, was the daughter of
242:, and likely for this reason the former Ranulf was styled
353:, thought this charter was forged in the period of Earl
1923:(2nd ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1724:
William the Conqueror: The Norman Impact upon England
575:
1120 was a fateful year for both Henry I and Ranulf.
246:, "the younger". Ranulf's father was viscount of the
888:
King, "Ranulf (I)"; Rollason & Rollason (eds.),
879:, pp. 57–58, 78, 81, 119, 120, 125, 133, 167–68, 191
2049:
Simeon of Durham: A History of the Kings of England
659:Carlisle in December 1122, where, according to the
133:
123:
111:
100:
88:
80:
72:
62:
52:
34:
1969:, Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press,
1875:
1830:
1694:Conquest, coexistence and change: Wales 1063-1415
950:
948:
1175:
1173:
1171:
934:
932:
732:
730:
1278:, p. 200; King, "Ranulf (I)"; see also Sharpe,
389:. In 1116 he is recorded in a similar context.
1377:, p. 200; King, "Ranulf (I)"; Phythian-Adams,
795:
793:
770:
768:
766:
663:, he ordered the strengthening of the castle.
1763:Henry I: King of England and Duke of Normandy
1092:, p. 136; Johnson, Cronne, and Davis (eds.),
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
608:, Richard's death prompted the Welsh to raid
579:, earl of Chester, like Henry's son and heir
516:. This he established as a daughter-house of
8:
1891:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1846:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
476:that had previously been controlled by Earl
197:of November 1120, Ranulf became earl of the
918:, p. 54; argument is based on a passage in
485:seized the region from its previous ruler,
369:, previously held by Lucy's second husband
2162:
31:
2107:
1946:
1782:Symeonis Dunelmensis Opera et Collectanea
1765:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1747:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1670:
230:, and both of them were strongly tied to
2009:, vol. I, London: British Library,
1888:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1878:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1843:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1833:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
726:
1506:Lewis, "Formation of the Honor", p. 42
1441:, pp. 294, 296–7; King, "Ranulf"
144:Ranulf le Meschin, 3rd Earl of Chester
385:hearing a case about the lordship of
275:Richard le Goz, Viscount of Avranches
7:
866:, p. 54; Lewis, "Avranches, Hugh d'"
472:. Adjacent lands in Westmorland and
1696:, Oxford: Oxford University Press,
686:, and for this aid was granted the
25:
1779:Hinde, John Hodgson, ed. (1868),
1745:The Aristocracy of Norman England
2251:Earls of Chester (1121 creation)
2004:; Rollason, Lynda, eds. (2007),
1983:Phythian-Adams, Charles (1996),
1713:; Whitwell, R. J., eds. (1913),
1528:, p. 42; Thacker, "Introduction"
189:. After the death of his cousin
2226:12th-century English landowners
2221:11th-century English landowners
47:(previously) Lord of Cumberland
1575:Thacker, "Introduction", p. 11
1497:Thacker, "Introduction", p. 10
1161:King "Ranulf; Phythian-Adams,
347:Signum Ranulfi nepotis comitis
1:
2231:12th-century English nobility
1965:Newman, Charlotte A. (1988),
1790:Hollister, C. Warren (2001),
1515:Thacker, "Introduction", p. 9
958:, no. 308; King, "Ranulf (I)"
337:In the foundation charter of
107:(Countess-consort of Chester)
2246:Burials at Chester Cathedral
1912:UK public library membership
1867:UK public library membership
1537:King, "Ranulf (I)"; Sharpe,
1334:Knowles, Brooke and London,
1317:Knowles, Brooke and London,
1126:, p. 200; King, "Ranulf (I)"
1006:King, "Ranulf (I)"; Newman,
783:King, "Ranulf (I)"; Newman,
433:A charter issued in 1124 by
429:, founded by Ranulf c. 1106.
1987:, Aldershot: Scolar Press,
971:, no. 3; King, "Ranulf (I)"
2277:
1815:, London: Croom Helm Ltd,
1552:Symeonis Dunelmensis Opera
1392:Symeonis Dunelmensis Opera
617:Robert, Earl of Gloucester
451:quondam dominus Cumberland
2189:
2180:
2172:
2165:
2065:Summerson, Henry (1993),
1761:Green, Judith A. (2006),
1717:, Oxford: Clarendon Press
1558:, pp. 176–77; Summerson,
1484:, pp. 185–86; Hollister,
1336:Heads of Religious Houses
1321:, vol. I, p. 84; Sharpe,
1319:Heads of Religious Houses
1248:For details, see Sharpe,
842:, p. 298, and Hollister,
162:, the patronage of kings
41:
1454:, p. 298; King, "Ranulf"
1415:, p. 173; King, "Ranulf"
1304:King, "Ranulf"; Sharpe,
629:Waleran, Count of Meulan
264:ducal family of Normandy
2140:10.1179/174587006X86783
1722:Douglas, David (1999),
1897:10.1093/ref:odnb/14056
1852:10.1093/ref:odnb/23127
1586:Norman Rule in Cumbria
1539:Norman Rule in Cumbria
1362:Norman Rule in Cumbria
1349:Norman Rule in Cumbria
1323:Norman Rule in Cumbria
1306:Norman Rule in Cumbria
1293:Norman Rule in Cumbria
1280:Norman Rule in Cumbria
1263:Norman Rule in Cumbria
1250:Norman Rule in Cumbria
1237:Norman Rule in Cumbria
1220:Norman Rule in Cumbria
1207:Norman Rule in Cumbria
1194:Norman Rule in Cumbria
1181:Norman Rule in Cumbria
1012:Norman Rule in Cumbria
890:The Durham Liber Vitae
572:
536:, while the barony of
430:
411:Helias, Count of Maine
170:, and his marriage to
2256:William II of England
1641:Barraclough, Geoffrey
1616:. Hti.umich.edu. 1993
1613:V.396 in Schmidt's ed
1467:, p. 185; Hollister,
1398:, p. 172; Stevenson,
1379:Land of the Cumbrians
1233:Land of the Cumbrians
1163:Land of the Cumbrians
1038:Anglo-Norman Nobility
1008:Anglo-Norman Nobility
877:Anglo-Norman Nobility
848:William the Conqueror
814:William the Conqueror
785:Anglo-Norman Nobility
567:
424:
341:granted by his uncle
240:Ranulf de Briquessart
236:William the Conqueror
128:Ranulf de Briquessart
76:Ranulf de Briquessart
2093:, London: C. Hulbert
1562:, p. 25; Stevenson,
1109:, p. 90; Hollister,
954:Davis and Whitwell,
696:Afonso I of Portugal
399:Battle of Tinchebrai
351:Geoffrey Barraclough
2176:Richard d'Avranches
1809:Kapelle, William E.
993:Barraclough (ed.),
980:Barraclough (ed.),
967:Barraclough (ed.),
850:, p. 93, who gives
602:. According to the
585:White Ship Disaster
315:C. Warren Hollister
203:Anglo-Welsh marches
195:White Ship Disaster
191:Richard d'Avranches
105:Lucy of Bolingbroke
57:Richard d'Avranches
2261:Henry I of England
2167:Peerage of England
1096:, vol. ii, no. 531
774:King, "Ranulf (I)"
573:
512:monastic house at
431:
417:Lord of Cumberland
407:William de Warrene
250:, the area around
218:Family and origins
146:(1070–1129) was a
2199:
2198:
2190:Succeeded by
2045:Stevenson, Joseph
2016:978-0-7123-4995-6
1910:(Subscription or
1865:(Subscription or
1772:978-0-521-59131-7
1560:Medieval Carlisle
1554:, p. 119; Green,
1394:, p. 117; Green,
1235:, p. 24; Sharpe,
1010:, p. 40; Sharpe,
920:Robert of Torigny
600:Gruffudd ap Cynan
569:Chester Cathedral
468:and elsewhere in
439:King of the Scots
425:The gatehouse of
238:. His father was
199:county of Chester
168:Henry I Beauclerc
141:
140:
48:
36:Ranulf le Meschin
18:Ranulf le Meschin
16:(Redirected from
2268:
2193:Ranulf de Gernon
2173:Preceded by
2163:
2158:
2128:Northern History
2122:
2111:
2094:
2085:Hulbert, Charles
2083:Strutt, Joseph;
2079:
2061:
2040:
2019:
1997:
1979:
1961:
1950:
1933:
1915:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1884:
1881:
1870:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1839:
1836:
1825:
1804:
1786:
1775:
1757:
1736:
1718:
1706:
1685:
1674:
1657:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1608:
1602:
1595:
1589:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1567:
1564:Simeon of Durham
1548:
1542:
1535:
1529:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1489:
1478:
1472:
1461:
1455:
1448:
1442:
1435:
1429:
1422:
1416:
1409:
1403:
1400:Simeon of Durham
1388:
1382:
1371:
1365:
1358:
1352:
1345:
1339:
1332:
1326:
1315:
1309:
1302:
1296:
1289:
1283:
1272:
1266:
1259:
1253:
1246:
1240:
1231:Phythian-Adams,
1229:
1223:
1216:
1210:
1203:
1197:
1190:
1184:
1177:
1166:
1159:
1153:
1146:
1140:
1133:
1127:
1120:
1114:
1103:
1097:
1086:
1080:
1073:
1067:
1060:
1054:
1047:
1041:
1034:
1028:
1021:
1015:
1004:
998:
991:
985:
984:, no. 3, at p. 7
978:
972:
965:
959:
952:
943:
936:
927:
912:
906:
899:
893:
892:, vol. i, p. 159
886:
880:
873:
867:
860:
854:
836:
830:
823:
817:
810:
804:
797:
788:
781:
775:
772:
741:
734:
703:William Langland
680:Richard de Clare
669:Ranulf de Gernon
478:Tostig Godwinson
443:Robert I de Brus
403:Robert of Meulan
332:Bayeux Cathedral
328:Duke of Normandy
292:An entry in the
287:Hugh d'Avranches
268:Duke Richard III
260:bishop of Bayeux
207:Ranulf de Gernon
164:William II Rufus
156:Hugh d'Avranches
116:Ranulf de Gernon
96:
73:Other names
67:Ranulf de Gernon
46:
32:
21:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2241:Norman warriors
2201:
2200:
2195:
2186:
2183:Earl of Chester
2178:
2161:
2125:
2120:
2109:10.5284/1070309
2097:
2087:, eds. (1838),
2082:
2077:
2064:
2059:
2043:
2038:
2024:Sharpe, Richard
2022:
2017:
2002:Rollason, David
2000:
1995:
1982:
1977:
1964:
1959:
1948:10.5284/1070311
1936:
1931:
1918:
1909:
1901:
1899:
1882:
1873:
1864:
1856:
1854:
1837:
1828:
1823:
1807:
1802:
1789:
1778:
1773:
1760:
1755:
1739:
1734:
1721:
1711:Davis, H. W. C.
1709:
1704:
1688:
1683:
1672:10.5284/1070312
1660:
1655:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1629:
1619:
1617:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1596:
1592:
1588:, p. 52, n. 135
1583:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1549:
1545:
1536:
1532:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1479:
1475:
1462:
1458:
1449:
1445:
1436:
1432:
1423:
1419:
1410:
1406:
1389:
1385:
1375:Norman Conquest
1372:
1368:
1359:
1355:
1346:
1342:
1338:, vol. i, p. 97
1333:
1329:
1316:
1312:
1303:
1299:
1290:
1286:
1276:Norman Conquest
1273:
1269:
1260:
1256:
1247:
1243:
1230:
1226:
1217:
1213:
1204:
1200:
1191:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1160:
1156:
1147:
1143:
1134:
1130:
1124:Norman Conquest
1121:
1117:
1104:
1100:
1087:
1083:
1074:
1070:
1061:
1057:
1048:
1044:
1035:
1031:
1022:
1018:
1005:
1001:
992:
988:
979:
975:
966:
962:
953:
946:
937:
930:
913:
909:
900:
896:
887:
883:
874:
870:
861:
857:
837:
833:
824:
820:
811:
807:
798:
791:
782:
778:
773:
744:
735:
728:
723:
684:Siege of Lisbon
581:William Adeling
562:
560:Earl of Chester
518:St Mary's Abbey
499:William Kapelle
455:Wetheral Priory
427:Wetheral Priory
419:
405:, and third by
379:Orderic Vitalis
324:Robert Curthose
311:
220:
215:
187:Wetheral Priory
160:Earl of Chester
118:
92:
45:
43:Earl of Chester
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2274:
2272:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2188:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2160:
2159:
2123:
2118:
2095:
2080:
2075:
2062:
2057:
2041:
2036:
2020:
2015:
1998:
1993:
1980:
1975:
1962:
1957:
1934:
1929:
1916:
1883:(Fee required)
1871:
1838:(Fee required)
1826:
1821:
1805:
1800:
1787:
1776:
1771:
1758:
1753:
1737:
1732:
1719:
1707:
1702:
1686:
1681:
1658:
1653:
1643:, ed. (1988),
1636:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1603:
1590:
1577:
1568:
1543:
1530:
1517:
1508:
1499:
1490:
1473:
1456:
1443:
1430:
1417:
1404:
1383:
1366:
1353:
1340:
1327:
1310:
1297:
1284:
1267:
1254:
1241:
1224:
1211:
1198:
1185:
1167:
1154:
1141:
1128:
1115:
1098:
1081:
1068:
1055:
1042:
1029:
1016:
999:
986:
973:
960:
944:
928:
907:
894:
881:
868:
855:
831:
818:
805:
789:
776:
742:
725:
724:
722:
719:
661:Historia Regum
605:Historia Regum
583:, died in the
561:
558:
534:Burgh-by-Sands
503:Richard Sharpe
418:
415:
371:Ivo Taillebois
310:
307:
219:
216:
214:
211:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
113:
109:
108:
102:
98:
97:
90:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
54:
50:
49:
39:
38:
35:
27:Norman magnate
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2273:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2236:Anglo-Normans
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2194:
2185:
2184:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2121:
2119:0-9507074-3-0
2115:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2078:
2076:1-873124-18-X
2072:
2068:
2063:
2060:
2058:0-947992-12-X
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2037:1-873124-43-0
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2012:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1994:1-85928-327-6
1990:
1986:
1981:
1978:
1976:0-8122-8138-1
1972:
1968:
1963:
1960:
1958:0-9507074-3-0
1954:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1932:
1930:0-521-80452-3
1926:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1868:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1835:
1834:
1827:
1824:
1822:0-7099-0040-6
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1801:0-300-08858-2
1797:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1756:
1754:0-521-52465-2
1750:
1746:
1742:
1741:Green, Judith
1738:
1735:
1733:0-300-07884-6
1729:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1703:0-19-821732-3
1699:
1695:
1691:
1690:Davies, R. R.
1687:
1684:
1682:0-9507074-3-0
1678:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1656:
1654:0-902593-17-X
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1550:Hinde (ed.),
1547:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1503:
1500:
1494:
1491:
1488:, pp. 299–301
1487:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1390:Hinde (ed.),
1387:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1094:Regesta Regum
1091:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1003:
1000:
996:
990:
987:
983:
977:
974:
970:
964:
961:
957:
956:Regesta Regum
951:
949:
945:
941:
935:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
911:
908:
904:
898:
895:
891:
885:
882:
878:
872:
869:
865:
859:
856:
853:
849:
845:
841:
840:William Rufus
835:
832:
828:
822:
819:
815:
809:
806:
802:
796:
794:
790:
786:
780:
777:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
757:
755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
743:
739:
733:
731:
727:
720:
718:
716:
713:
710:
709:
708:Piers Plowman
704:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
676:
674:
673:feudal relief
670:
664:
662:
656:
653:
649:
645:
641:
636:
634:
630:
626:
625:William Clito
622:
618:
613:
611:
607:
606:
601:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
570:
566:
559:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
506:
504:
500:
496:
490:
488:
484:
483:William Rufus
479:
475:
471:
467:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
428:
423:
416:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
395:
390:
388:
384:
380:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
339:Chester Abbey
335:
333:
329:
325:
319:
316:
308:
306:
304:
300:
299:
295:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
217:
212:
210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
136:
132:
129:
126:
122:
117:
114:
110:
106:
103:
99:
95:
94:Chester Abbey
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
68:
65:
61:
58:
55:
51:
44:
40:
33:
30:
19:
2181:
2134:(1): 11–19,
2131:
2127:
2099:
2089:
2066:
2048:
2027:
2005:
1984:
1966:
1938:
1920:
1900:. Retrieved
1886:
1877:
1855:. Retrieved
1841:
1832:
1812:
1791:
1781:
1762:
1744:
1723:
1714:
1693:
1662:
1644:
1618:. Retrieved
1612:
1606:
1598:
1593:
1585:
1580:
1571:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1538:
1533:
1525:
1520:
1511:
1502:
1493:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1451:
1446:
1438:
1433:
1425:
1420:
1412:
1407:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1361:
1356:
1348:
1343:
1335:
1330:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1305:
1300:
1292:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1262:
1257:
1249:
1244:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1219:
1214:
1206:
1201:
1193:
1188:
1180:
1162:
1157:
1149:
1144:
1136:
1131:
1123:
1118:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1076:
1071:
1063:
1058:
1053:, pp. 342–43
1050:
1045:
1037:
1032:
1024:
1019:
1011:
1007:
1002:
994:
989:
981:
976:
968:
963:
955:
939:
923:
915:
910:
902:
897:
889:
884:
876:
871:
863:
858:
851:
847:
843:
839:
834:
826:
821:
813:
808:
800:
784:
779:
737:
715:
714:not parfitly
712:
706:
700:
677:
665:
660:
657:
639:
637:
614:
603:
597:
574:
530:
526:Holy Trinity
507:
491:
463:
450:
432:
391:
375:
346:
336:
320:
312:
309:Early career
296:
291:
272:
243:
221:
176:
143:
142:
137:Margaret Goz
84:January 1129
29:
2216:1129 deaths
2211:1070 births
1597:Hollister,
1541:, pp. 51–52
1450:Hollister,
1437:Hollister,
1364:, pp. 46–47
1295:, pp. 44–46
1282:, pp. 43–44
1252:, pp. 36–38
1222:, pp. 39–40
1139:, pp. 91–92
1088:Hollister,
1075:Hollister,
1049:Hollister,
1023:Hollister,
1014:, pp. 45-46
938:Hollister,
914:Hollister,
901:Hollister,
862:Hollister,
825:Hollister,
799:Hollister,
787:, pp. 97–99
740:, pp. 53–54
736:Hollister,
652:Perfeddwlad
550:River Ellen
510:Benedictine
470:Westmorland
367:Westmorland
298:Liber Vitae
185:, founding
183:Westmorland
53:Predecessor
2205:Categories
2187:1120–1129
1914:required.)
1869:required.)
1381:, pp. 8–10
997:, pp. 7–11
924:ex integro
721:References
633:Vatteville
474:Lancashire
459:Kirklinton
343:Hugh Lupus
313:Historian
254:. Besides
244:le Meschin
179:Cumberland
2156:159479394
2148:0078-172X
1373:Kapelle,
1274:Kapelle,
1122:Kapelle,
812:Douglas,
554:River Esk
447:Annandale
355:Ranulf II
283:Avranchin
234:, son of
224:viscounts
213:Biography
101:Spouse(s)
63:Successor
2047:(1858),
2026:(2006),
1902:25 March
1857:25 March
1811:(1979),
1792:Henry I
1743:(2002),
1692:(1987),
1620:12 March
1601:, p. 343
1584:Sharpe,
1566:, p. 192
1526:Conquest
1471:, p. 298
1428:, p. 182
1402:, p. 190
1360:Sharpe,
1347:Sharpe,
1291:Sharpe,
1261:Sharpe,
1218:Sharpe,
1205:Sharpe,
1192:Sharpe,
1179:Sharpe,
1165:, p. 149
1113:, p. 200
1079:, p. 136
1066:, p. 116
1036:Newman,
995:Charters
982:Charters
969:Charters
942:, p. 342
905:, p. 200
875:Newman,
838:Barlow,
694:by King
692:Azambuja
688:Lordship
648:Tegeingl
610:Cheshire
589:Barfleur
546:Copeland
542:Gilsland
524:and the
514:Wetheral
228:Normandy
1633:Sources
1599:Henry I
1556:Henry I
1524:Davis,
1486:Henry I
1482:Henry I
1480:Green,
1469:Henry I
1465:Henry I
1463:Green,
1452:Henry I
1439:Henry I
1426:Henry I
1424:Green,
1413:Henry I
1411:Green,
1396:Henry I
1351:, p. 49
1325:, p. 47
1308:, p. 47
1239:, p. 34
1209:, p. 51
1196:, p. 48
1183:, p. 47
1152:, p. 91
1150:Henry I
1148:Green,
1137:Henry I
1135:Green,
1111:Henry I
1107:Henry I
1105:Green,
1090:Henry I
1077:Henry I
1064:Henry I
1062:Green,
1051:Henry I
1040:, p. 98
1025:Henry I
940:Henry I
916:Henry I
903:Henry I
864:Henry I
844:Henry I
829:, p. 53
827:Henry I
816:, p. 93
803:, p. 60
801:Henry I
738:Henry I
644:cantref
577:Richard
552:to the
522:St Mary
495:Henry I
435:David I
394:Whitsun
363:Appleby
303:William
279:Hiémois
201:on the
193:in the
2154:
2146:
2116:
2073:
2055:
2034:
2013:
1991:
1973:
1955:
1927:
1908:
1863:
1819:
1798:
1769:
1751:
1730:
1700:
1679:
1651:
621:Évreux
593:Cerisy
538:Liddel
487:Dolfin
466:Kendal
294:Durham
252:Bayeux
248:Bessin
158:- the
152:Bessin
148:Norman
134:Mother
124:Father
119:Alicia
89:Buried
2152:S2CID
2007:Piper
640:i.e.,
587:near
441:, to
387:Ripon
330:, to
232:Henry
112:Issue
2144:ISSN
2114:ISBN
2071:ISBN
2053:ISBN
2032:ISBN
2011:ISBN
1989:ISBN
1971:ISBN
1953:ISBN
1925:ISBN
1904:2009
1859:2009
1817:ISBN
1796:ISBN
1767:ISBN
1749:ISBN
1728:ISBN
1698:ISBN
1677:ISBN
1649:ISBN
1622:2010
852:Maud
383:York
359:Lucy
181:and
172:Lucy
166:and
81:Died
2136:doi
2104:doi
1943:doi
1893:doi
1848:doi
1667:doi
705:'s
690:of
650:in
646:of
365:in
256:Odo
226:in
2207::
2150:,
2142:,
2132:43
2130:,
2112:,
1951:,
1885:.
1840:.
1675:,
1170:^
947:^
931:^
792:^
745:^
729:^
698:.
595:.
437:,
373:.
326:,
270:.
258:,
209:.
2138::
2106::
1945::
1906:.
1895::
1861:.
1850::
1669::
1624:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.