1482:
movements to the next letter in a word prior to touching the letter, (2) had longer pauses in their letter-touching within words than between words, and (3) were faster at touching common letter patterns in sequence than was the case for less common letter patterns. Based upon these indirect indices of message agency, it was concluded that the autistic individuals, rather than the assistants who held the letter boards, were the agents of the messages. Vyse, however, argued that none of these findings provides clear evidence regarding message agency. For example, the longer pauses between words could simply have resulted from the fact that the assistant voiced each word aloud after the final letter of each word was touched. Vyse also argued that the authors have not provided a compelling reason why simpler, and more direct, methods of assessing message agency (some form of message passing methodology) were not used in the study, and why simple controls that could bolster the authors' claims (e.g. placing the letterboard on a stand instead of it being held by the assistant or putting a blindfold on the assistant) were not utilized.
1468:
Mukhopadhyay working with clients, the study authors attempted to measure how RPM influenced participants' attention to their facilitator and the materials being presented (joint attention) and the effect of RPM on restrictive and stereotypic behaviors (RSB). Although RSBs reduced as joint attention increased, the authors were unable to show that RPM itself had a direct correlation to the behaviors exhibited by the participants or that joint attention increased as a result of its use. Correct answers were observed while students were not engaged with the activity, leading reviewers of the study to ask: "How does the client know how to answer, what the answer options are, or where the letters are located if the client is not looking at the facilitator or at the moving letter board?" The study authors postulated that "direct gaze may actually inhibit the ability to respond correctly," The authors did not investigate authorship of the communications produced during the RPM sessions.
1308:
various behavioral and communication techniques to help her son, Tito, who has a diagnosis of autism and exhibits limited speaking abilities. Mukhopadhyay posits that autism is a manifestation in which a child's cognitive abilities are undermined by poor sensory integration abilities and that RPM serves to "activate the reasoning part of the brain" and, therefore, distracts the student into learning. Proponents of RPM and related techniques claim to be able to help people with disabilities express untapped intellectual abilities and advance communication skills through a system of pointing, typing, or writing with verbal and physical prompts from a facilitator. This is, purportedly, "the most direct and unlimited path to learning and communicating." RPM proponents point to the "sole study of RPM", "Harnessing repetitive behaviours to engage attention and learning in a novel therapy for autism: An exploratory analysis", published in the journal
1234:(ABA), but reject the documentation and evaluation procedures integral to ABA as being unnecessary and stigmatizing. Mukhopadhyay postulates that, by observing student's self-stimulatory behaviors (as in the case of autism, the "sensory preoccupations that drive and develop them"), she can identify each student's "dominant learning channel" (visual, tactile, or auditory) and individualize a program to match his or her needs. RPM facilitators "presume competence" in their (often nonspeaking) communication partners; the assumption being that people with autism "are likely to possess considerable hidden knowledge that they cannot express" and that prompting will address these individuals' hypothesized difficulties with
1206:
reviewers found the study had serious methodological flaws. Vyse has noted that rather than proponents of RPM subjecting the methodology to properly controlled validation research, they have responded to criticism by going on the offensive, claiming that scientific criticisms of the technique rob people with autism of their right to communicate, while the authors of a 2019 review concluded that "...until future trials have demonstrated safety and effectiveness, and perhaps more importantly, have first clarified the authorship question, we strongly discourage clinicians, educators, and parents of children with ASD from using RPM."
1508:"It is possible that no actual academic skills are taught to participants in RPM. Instead, participants may only learn how to better follow subtle, rhythmic, and frequent prompts. The danger, of course, is that an untrained observer might not be able to readily recognize such subtle prompts and may mistakenly assume that prompted responses accurately reflect the true preferences, academic abilities, and emotions of the individual. Such an outcome would make RPM equally as dangerous and inhumane as facilitated communication (FC), a thoroughly debunked method that creates a powerful illusion that seems notably similar to RPM."
1299:
represent the answer. This procedure is repeated, using a combination of prompts provided by the facilitator to elicit a response. Prompts may include physical (i.e. words written on paper), auditory (i.e. the sound of paper tearing), verbal (i.e. spoken directives), and visual (i.e. gestures by the facilitator). Choices move from two, three, to four and so on, with increased difficulty. The student progresses from making choices, to spelling on a letter board held by the facilitator, to spelling on a letter board (flat on a table or held by the student) or voice-output device, independently.
1475:, response interruption, and redirection. However, these behavioral intervention components are not implemented in a manner consistent with the research-base. Practitioners claim to be responsive to each individual's dominant open sensory channel, the "basic features of training" to not appear to be distinctively different across the channels. Studying RPM's efficacy is made difficult by policies that prevent videotaping of RPM sessions (even of one's own child) and instructional workshops.
2897:
1549:
techniques and claims that are inconsistent with the known body of work around the behavior and communication skills of individuals with developmental disabilities or proven remediation techniques, claims of extraordinary literacy or intellectual breakthroughs, unconscious verbal or physical cuing by facilitators to obtain the expected responses, inadequate or non-existent protocols to fade supported or facilitated prompts.
101:
1495:
predict. In some cases, students, with prompting, produce results in a language other than the one he or she has been exposed, indicating facilitator, rather than student authorship. Facilitators, sympathetic to the RPM goals of ensuring student success, may unknowingly, unintentionally, or unconsciously move the letter board to achieve the desired communication outcome.
1504:
redirection, slapping or shaking the letter board against the subject's face or chest, and blocking escape by positioning the subject between the table and walls. Some of the verbal and gestural prompting procedures used in RPM are similar to the
Pinchbeck Technique used by conjurers to "create the illusion of letter-by-letter communication."
1202:, although RPM differs from facilitated communication in some ways, "it has the same potential for unconscious prompting because the letter board is always held in the air by the assistant. As long as the method of communication involves the active participation of another person, the potential for unconscious guidance remains."
1604:, was adapted from a 2009 Icelandic film entitled Solskinsdrengurrin (The Sunshine Boy) by Margrét Dagmar Ericsdóttir and Friðrik Þór Friðriksson. The film follows Margret, an Icelandic woman, in her quest to find answers for her 11-year-old son who is severely impaired. Her search leads her to Austin, TX, Mukhopadhyay and RPM.
1307:
The rapid prompting method (also known as RPM, Rapid
Prompting, Soma®RPM, Informative Pointing, Spelling To Communicate (STC) and Alphabet Therapy) is largely credited to Soma Mukhopadhyay, who has a master's degree in chemistry and a bachelor's in education. By trial and error, Mukhopadhyay combined
1467:
RPM proponents point to one study to support their claims of efficacy: "Harnessing repetitive behaviours to engage attention and learning in a novel therapy for autism: An exploratory analysis, as proof of the method's efficacy". In this peer-reviewed, quantitative study using videotaped sessions of
1246:
As of April 2017, RPM is not recognized as a clinical profession nor does it have recognized standards for registering, licensing or certifying treatment providers. Practitioners appear to be self-taught or have participated in workshops and camps offered by
Mukhopadhyay, Heather Clare (Informative
1426:
Since the broadcast of the RTE documentary ‘Autism and Me’ on March 13th 2017 there has been much discussion about the Rapid
Prompting Method (RPM) which was used to facilitate communication for one teenage boy featured on the programme. IASLT wish to put on record our position in relation to this
1205:
Critics warn that RPM's over-reliance on prompts (verbal and physical cuing by facilitators) may inhibit development of independent communication in its target population. As of April 2017, only one scientific study attempting to support
Mukhopadhyay's claims of efficacy has been conducted, though
1409:
While the lack of evidence from previously conducted studies does not necessarily indicate that RPM is not effective at developing communication skills and reducing stereotypic behaviors in learners with autism, use of this intervention should not be used or recommended by practitioners until the
1368:
The Board of
Directors concludes that rather than helping people express their thoughts, desires, and choices, FC and RPM have the potential to effectively take away people's voices. This is due to the risk of facilitator influence/authorship as well as the potential to displace efforts to access
1544:
Proponents of RPM deny similarities with FC because the aide or facilitator in RPM holds the letter board but "does not touch the person typing" and that the prompts are "nonspecific." However, critics of RPM point out that subtle cuing takes place during RPM that makes it "highly susceptible to
1519:
occurring discriminitive stimuli". This reliance on prompts creates a dependency that, essentially, reduces independent communication and increases the chances that the facilitators are authoring the messages. In other words, "accurate responding may not occur unless the aide knows the answers."
1494:
Critics of RPM are concerned that, sometimes even on the first attempt at using the method, people with profound communication and/or developmental disabilities achieve levels of communication or understanding of subject matter beyond what their expected age or exposure to formal education would
1389:
It is the position of the
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) that use of the Rapid Prompting Method (RPM) is not recommended because of prompt dependency and the lack of scientific validity. Furthermore, information obtained through the use of RPM should not be assumed to be the
1298:
Beginning with a "teach-ask" protocol, the facilitator presents the student with a concept (i.e., The chair is yellow), then immediately follows up with a question (i.e., "What color is the chair?"). The student is then given prompts (i.e., two pieces of paper, with choices written on each) to
1548:
Other similarities between RPM and FC include: reluctance or refusal to test facilitator/client pairs in controlled settings (purportedly because the process breaks the trust between the pair), presumed competence, reliance on anecdotal accounts as proof of efficacy, maintenance of practices,
1540:
Facilitated communication, a technique in which a facilitator supports a person with disabilities at the arm, wrist or hand during the process of typing on a letter board, is closely related to RPM. Controlled studies in the 1990s determined that, when facilitators did not know the answers to
1518:
Critics point out that there are no procedures in place to prevent students' over reliance on their facilitator. Likewise, there is no purposeful or systematic fading of prompts with RPM, though research-based techniques exist to support transference of prompt-reliant behaviors to "naturally
1503:
In order to point, type or write using RPM, people with disabilities rely on an aide or facilitator to give verbal or gestural prompts and/or hold a letter board during the sessions, which precludes independent communication. Prompts may include verbal reprimands, trial termination, physical
1481:
et al. also continued the pattern of proponents studying the issue of agency in the use of RPM by using indirect, rather than direct (message passing) methodologies. The study found that the non-verbal (according to their reports) autistic individuals in their study (1) made anticipatory eye
1446:
There is a lack of substantive research evidence demonstrating that FC and RPM are valid forms of augmentative or alternative communication ... Research studies show that facilitators consciously and/or unconsciously influence the message being communicated ... thereby exposing people with
1525:
With advanced computer technology capable of allowing people access to communication with eye movements, critics also question "the validity of any communication method that requires the physical help of someone else." Critics counter this assertion. Prompt dependency creates an active
1485:
Accordingly, to date, RPM proponents, by resisting participation in studies, have failed to produce methodologically sound, evidence-based studies demonstrating that RPM provides people with autism and other developmental disabilities a reliable and independent method for communicating.
1187:(FC). Practitioners of RPM have failed to assess the issue of message agency using simple and direct scientific methodologies, saying that doing so would be stigmatizing and that allowing scientific criticisms of the technique robs people with autism of their right to communicate. The
1197:
is credited with creating RPM, though others have developed similar techniques, known as informative pointing or alphabet therapy. RPM users report unexpected literacy skills in their clients, as well as a reduction in some of the behavioral issues associated with autism. As noted by
1323:
In 2005, Mukhopadhyay moved from
California to Austin, Texas, where she established the Halo-Soma Institute. There, she provides clinical services, offers workshops and promotes RPM internationally. Evaluation research is not conducted by the institute. Mukhopadhyay is the author of
1614:
Critics of this type of media attention point out that these programs portray autism as "mysterious in nature", offer anecdotal evidence (i.e., Tito's poetry) as proof that RPM works, and downplay the fact that RPM "does not have research to support it at this time."
1342:
which, as one reviewer stated, expresses her "absorbing and speculative views" on autism which are "at once compelling and controversial." Iversen spends much of the book discussing Tito's communications and documenting her own son, Dov's, introduction to RPM.
4606:
4061:
1585:, and is given credit for co-authoring (with his mother using RPM), "two poetry books, a collection of short stories, and a book describing his sensory experience." Print sources discussing RPM and the Mukhopadhyays, include
2336:
1230:), the goal of which is to "establish functional independent pointing-based communication in people who are otherwise nonverbal due to severe autism or other developmental disabilities." RPM users employ elements of
1360:
1250:
Professionals applying for RPM workshops are required to submit 10-min video samples of the use of rapid prompting, a resume, and a letter explaining the "reason for wanting to attend course".
4272:
2631:
1944:
Todd, James T. (13 July 2012). "The moral obligation to be empirical: Comments on
Boynton's 'Facilitated Communication – what harm it can do: Confessions of a former facilitator'".
1154:
1183:
or other disabilities to communicate through pointing, typing, or writing. Also known as
Spelling to Communicate, it is closely related to the scientifically discredited technique
2871:
1447:
communication disorders to risk of harm by preventing genuine self-expression ... For these reasons, SAC members and associates should not use FC and RPM in clinical practice.
1630:
Evidence does not support the use of Rapid Prompting Method (RPM) as an intervention for students with autism spectrum disorder and further primary research is not justified
2575:
4739:
4397:
2276:
Schlosser, Ralf; Hemsley, Bronwyn; Shane, Howard; Todd, James; Lang, Russell; Lilienfeld, Scott; Trembath, David; Mostert, Mark; Fong, Seraphine; Odom, Samuel (2019).
1320:
In 2004, Mukhopadhyay and Helping Autism through Learning and Outreach (HALO) collaborated to expand RPM's reach nationally. Mukhopadhyay owns the trademark for RPM.
1317:
In 2001, Mukhopadhyay brought RPM to the United States, in conjunction with a fellowship from the Cure Autism Now Foundation, led by Portia Iversen and Jon Shestack.
548:
3122:
3019:
1877:
1381:
1188:
1402:
4713:
1147:
223:
2172:"The only study investigating the rapid prompting method has serious methodological flaws but data suggest the most likely outcome is prompt dependency"
4405:
4127:
4068:
2732:
268:
4410:
4596:
4236:
4032:
3001:
2829:
Ordona, Michael; Goldstein, Gary; Thomas, Kevin; Abele, Robert (September 24, 2010). "Capsule Movie Reviews; Mother travels globe to help son".
4791:
4677:
4581:
2440:
2106:
Beals, Katharine (2020). "Review of Communication Alternatives in Autism: Perspectives on Typing and Spelling Approaches for the Nonspeaking".
837:
4734:
3226:
1756:
1140:
797:
362:
3478:
792:
4231:
1438:
787:
638:
441:
4687:
4540:
4427:
2310:
748:
125:
2600:
4786:
4081:
2567:
1369:
scientifically valid communication modes, such as those associated with the field of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC).
854:
721:
4420:
2359:
Chen, Grace Megumi; Yoder, Keith Jonathon; Ganzel, Barbara Lynn; Goodwin, Matthew S.; Belmonte, Matthew Kenneth (February 16, 2012).
1541:
questions being asked through FC, the answers were "routinely inaccurate". Facilitators were (unconsciously) authoring the messages.
4505:
4277:
2961:
1335:
After some initial collaboration with Mukhopadhyay, Iversen developed the Informative Pointing Method. She also wrote a book called
293:
4257:
4168:
3456:
3253:
1126:
1096:
3581:
4106:
4048:
3764:
3243:
1058:
1038:
248:
132:
120:
4708:
3100:
2518:"ISAAC Position Statement on Facilitated Communication: International Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication"
2411:
2224:(December 11, 2016). "Evidence does not support the use of Rapid Prompting Method (RPM) as an intervention for students with
1573:
1008:
876:
866:
755:
711:
1238:
and self-stimulatory behaviors. RPM is a "low-tech approach that requires only an instructor, student, paper, and pencil".
4781:
4682:
4591:
4530:
4352:
3901:
2361:"Harnessing repetitive behaviours to engage attention and learning in a novel therapy for autism: an exploratory analysis"
1111:
278:
238:
84:
4113:
3368:
1635:
Harnessing repetitive behaviours to engage attention and learning in a novel therapy for autism: An exploratory analysis
1048:
973:
953:
881:
827:
2337:"Finding his voice: Teen with autism shares his journey from not being able to communicate to writing poetry and music"
533:
4672:
4442:
4307:
3724:
3441:
2994:
998:
916:
416:
4134:
2845:
2953:
Controversial Therapies for Autism and Intellectual Disabilities: Fad, Fashion, and Science in Professional Practice
4550:
4515:
4495:
4447:
4120:
3851:
3794:
3318:
1214:
RPM founder Mukhopadhyay purports to base RPM on psychological, developmental and behavioral theories put forth by
538:
357:
283:
2767:
Beals, Katharine (2021). "A recent eye-tracking study fails to reveal agency in assisted autistic communication".
4629:
4470:
4362:
4226:
3734:
3181:
1662:
Old horses in new stables: Rapid prompting, facilitated communication, science, ethics, and the history of magic.
1535:
1231:
1184:
807:
421:
367:
4703:
4520:
3692:
3586:
3552:
3436:
2050:
1991:
1227:
1219:
1086:
253:
2920:
2491:
4649:
4634:
4621:
4576:
4475:
4437:
4387:
4284:
4099:
4017:
3769:
3451:
3390:
3161:
1310:
802:
760:
688:
568:
203:
2921:"Rapid Prompting Method Is Not Consistent with Evidence-Based Reading Instruction for Students with Autism"
4639:
4586:
4571:
4211:
4201:
3931:
3712:
3687:
3677:
3535:
3238:
3105:
2987:
1526:
participation in the communication process. Therefore, the "potential for unconscious guidance remains".
743:
733:
1650:
Rapid Prompting Method Is Not Consistent with Evidence-Based Reading Instruction for Students with Autism
4206:
3936:
3921:
3814:
3446:
3385:
3380:
3273:
1597:, the latter of which criticized active proponents for not attempting a scientific study of the method.
1347:
1287:
1121:
728:
658:
498:
298:
163:
4161:
3926:
3886:
3557:
3363:
3156:
3085:
2675:
1091:
820:
780:
603:
466:
394:
342:
263:
170:
115:
92:
54:
36:
4611:
4196:
4022:
3856:
3166:
1593:
738:
523:
436:
213:
143:
4510:
4317:
4092:
3991:
3966:
3804:
3754:
3629:
3463:
3411:
3298:
3278:
3033:
2784:
2737:
2278:"Rapid prompting method and autism spectrum disorder: Systematic review exposes lack of evidence"
2255:
2191:
2123:
1961:
1903:
1587:
1472:
1263:
1106:
1081:
1018:
716:
543:
451:
431:
411:
337:
1557:
RPM has been featured in several documentary and on several television news programs including:
4729:
4654:
4555:
4480:
4327:
4267:
4221:
4216:
4054:
4027:
3956:
3624:
3612:
3564:
3520:
3426:
3068:
3058:
2957:
2701:
2549:
2392:
1858:
1835:
Tostanoski, Amy; Lang, Russell; Raulston, Tracy; Carnett, Amarie; Davis, Tonya (August 2014).
1752:
1283:
1275:
1267:
1194:
891:
648:
613:
518:
456:
404:
305:
72:
4760:
4545:
4462:
4452:
4415:
4347:
4322:
4312:
4241:
4191:
3996:
3697:
3656:
3618:
3540:
3510:
3505:
3308:
2776:
2691:
2683:
2539:
2529:
2382:
2372:
2289:
2245:
2237:
2183:
2115:
1953:
1848:
1744:
1176:
906:
668:
528:
315:
1522:
Proponents assert that "prompt dependency is preferable to no response" from the subjects.
4755:
4525:
4485:
4357:
4154:
4012:
3980:
3866:
3841:
3530:
3495:
3490:
3406:
3338:
3258:
3231:
3221:
3216:
3151:
2803:
2225:
2221:
1837:"Voices from the past: Comparing the rapid prompting method and facilitated communication"
1259:
1223:
1180:
1076:
1033:
618:
608:
483:
446:
384:
352:
347:
320:
258:
228:
2679:
1645:
Voices from the Past: Comparing the Rapid Prompting Method and Facilitated Communication
4601:
4490:
4262:
3986:
3961:
3951:
3946:
3911:
3906:
3881:
3574:
3515:
3348:
3313:
3111:
3053:
3043:
2696:
2663:
2387:
2360:
1235:
1053:
926:
693:
678:
593:
513:
508:
1928:
1338:
Strange Son: Two Mothers, Two Sons, and the Quest to Unlock the Hidden World of Autism
1330:
Curriculum Guide for Autism Using Rapid Prompting Method: with Lesson Plan Suggestions
17:
4775:
4535:
4500:
4075:
3871:
3702:
3646:
3525:
3473:
3421:
3268:
3206:
3201:
3063:
3048:
3010:
2788:
2544:
2259:
2195:
2171:
2170:
Lang, Russell; Harbison Tostanoski, Amy; Travers, Jason; Todd, James (January 2014).
2127:
1965:
1559:
1478:
1326:
Rapid Prompting: an Instructional Guide, Understanding Autism through Rapid Prompting
1279:
988:
963:
871:
861:
673:
588:
503:
426:
389:
332:
310:
198:
148:
3941:
3861:
3819:
3759:
3651:
3602:
3485:
3416:
3303:
3248:
3196:
3186:
3176:
3146:
3075:
1748:
1271:
1043:
1013:
886:
765:
653:
578:
478:
473:
379:
374:
325:
288:
233:
218:
2780:
2241:
2119:
2951:
2534:
2517:
2187:
1957:
1853:
1836:
46:
Non-verbal people may express written language if given prompts by a facilitator.
4367:
4342:
4337:
4302:
3846:
3607:
3333:
3323:
3191:
3141:
2728:
2046:
1337:
1215:
1199:
1003:
921:
633:
558:
553:
493:
273:
243:
193:
188:
153:
100:
2687:
2294:
2277:
4382:
4332:
4086:
3916:
3896:
3891:
3779:
3774:
3749:
3744:
3634:
3569:
3500:
3468:
3375:
3343:
3283:
3080:
2898:"Rapid Prompting Method (RPM): A suitable intervention for students with ASD?"
1608:
1101:
598:
583:
573:
461:
208:
158:
2733:"Of Eye Movements And Autism: The Latest Chapter In A Continuing Controversy"
2377:
1577:(Mind Tree Poems, 2005). Mukhopadhyay's son, Tito, featured prominently in a
1247:
Pointing), or Vanderbilt Kennedy Center Angelman Program (Alphabet Therapy).
4377:
4062:
An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural
3971:
3789:
3739:
3707:
3682:
3547:
3353:
3328:
3293:
3095:
3038:
2466:
2076:
1640:
Rapid Prompting Method (RPM): A suitable intervention for students with ASD?
1427:
method - primarily our concern that there is no evidence to support its use.
1023:
983:
958:
663:
623:
488:
2705:
2553:
2396:
2250:
1862:
4432:
4372:
3729:
3288:
3263:
3211:
3171:
3090:
2516:
International Society for Augmentative Alternative Communication (2014).
1930:
Facilitated Communication: Sifting the Psychological Wheat from the Chaff
1611:
commercial, which led to criticism of Apple for promoting pseudoscience.
936:
844:
683:
137:
3976:
3876:
3809:
3719:
3672:
3639:
1028:
946:
911:
901:
643:
4177:
3784:
1471:
According to reviewers, RPM method does make use of concepts such as
1116:
941:
896:
563:
2311:"Analysis finds no evidence for popular autism communication method"
2216:
2214:
2212:
1410:
claims made can be substantiated by peer reviewed research studies.
1361:
American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
3358:
993:
968:
849:
399:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
2979:
2664:"Eye-tracking reveals agency in assisted autistic communication"
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
978:
832:
4150:
2983:
2846:"Apple's 2017 Webby-nominated ad featured autism pseudoscience"
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1421:
The Irish Association of Speech and Language Therapists (IASLT)
2354:
2352:
2350:
1578:
1568:
1564:
2632:"Use of Facilitated Communication and Rapid Prompting Method"
2492:"A Number of Organizations Caution Against Use of FC and RPM"
2465:
Association (ASHA), American Speech-Language-Hearing (2018).
2075:
Association (ASHA), American Speech-Language-Hearing (2018).
1878:"A boy with autism learns life-changing communication skills"
1490:
Unexpected literacy and extraordinary communication abilities
3431:
2896:
Deacy, Evelyn; Jennings, Fiona; O'Halloran, Ailbhe (2016).
1350:
and focuses specifically on people with Angelman Syndrome.
931:
2810:. No. Late Edition, East Coast. New York. p. C.8
4146:
2024:
Beach, Patrick (January 20, 2008). "Understanding Tito".
4273:
Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
2769:
Evidence-based Communication Assessment and Intervention
2601:"IASLT Position Statement on the Rapid Prompting Method"
2230:
Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention
2176:
Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention
1946:
Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention
2662:
Jaswal, Vikram; Allison, Wayne; Golino, Hudson (2020).
2441:"Facilitated Communication and Rapid Prompting Method"
2228:(ASD) and further primary research is not justified".
1191:
has issued a statement opposing the practice of RPM.
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2282:
Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
1262:, the technique has been tried with people who have
4748:
4722:
4696:
4665:
4620:
4564:
4461:
4396:
4293:
4250:
4184:
4041:
4005:
3832:
3665:
3595:
3399:
3134:
3121:
3026:
2902:
REACH Journal of Special Needs Education in Ireland
68:
60:
50:
42:
35:
2271:
2269:
1934:American Psychological Association. June 13, 2016.
1346:Alphabet Therapy was developed and is promoted by
2574:. Association for Science in Autism Treatment.
1506:
1444:
1424:
1407:
1387:
1366:
2101:
2099:
2097:
1992:"The key to unlock their autistic son's voice"
1390:communication of the person with a disability.
4162:
3020:List of topics characterized as pseudoscience
2995:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2657:
2655:
2568:"Rapid Prompting Method (Position Statement)"
1354:Organizations opposing rapid prompting method
1148:
8:
2496:American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
2471:American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
2081:American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
1904:"Why debunked autism treatment fads persist"
1382:American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
1189:American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
30:
27:Pseudoscientific technique to communication
2872:"Syracuse, Apple, and Autism Pseudoscience"
1403:Association for Science in Autism Treatment
1314:(2012), as proof of the method's efficacy.
1179:technique that attempts to aid people with
4714:Ritvo Autism and Asperger Diagnostic Scale
4169:
4155:
4147:
3131:
3002:
2988:
2980:
2522:Augmentative and Alternative Communication
1990:Chandler, Michael Alison (March 1, 2017).
1602:A Mother's Courage: Talking Back to Autism
1258:RPM literature indicates that, along with
1155:
1141:
224:Association for Research and Enlightenment
79:
4406:Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
4128:The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience
4069:Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science
2695:
2543:
2533:
2386:
2376:
2293:
2249:
1852:
1741:Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders
1571:(How does the autistic brain work?), and
4411:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
2595:
2593:
2435:
2433:
4597:Multiple complex developmental disorder
4033:Suppressed research in the Soviet Union
2335:Villalpando, Nicole (August 10, 2013).
2070:
2068:
1739:Todd, James (2013). "Rapid Prompting".
1672:
91:
4678:Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule
2639:Speech-Language & Audiology Canada
2626:
2624:
2309:Zeliadt, Nicholette (15 August 2019).
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
29:
2925:Perspectives on Language and Literacy
2108:Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work
7:
2802:Webster, Andy (September 24, 2010).
2578:from the original on 10 January 2021
1439:Speech-Language and Audiology Canada
4428:Developmental coordination disorder
2051:"Autism Wars: Science Strikes Back"
4082:James Randi Educational Foundation
2844:Montague, Jules (9 January 2018).
1876:Clayton, Renee (24 January 2018).
1600:The August 2014 documentary film,
25:
4688:Gilliam Asperger's disorder scale
4506:Fetal valproate spectrum disorder
4278:Childhood disintegrative disorder
2919:Travers, Jason C. (Winter 2020).
2410:Leimbach, Marti (April 7, 2007).
1841:Developmental Neurorehabilitation
294:Chiropractic treatment techniques
4258:Pervasive developmental disorder
3479:Strauss–Howe generational theory
3457:Moon landing conspiracy theories
3254:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
2870:Kreidler, Marc (28 April 2016).
2833:. Los Angeles, CA. p. D.14.
2418:. Toronto, Ontario. p. D.10
1097:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
99:
4107:The Natural History of Quackery
4049:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
2956:. Routledge. pp. 372–410.
2412:"Deep inside the autism enigma"
2341:McClatchy-Tribune Business News
2315:Spectrum | Autism Research News
133:Alternative veterinary medicine
4709:Childhood Autism Spectrum Test
1998:. Washington, D.C. p. A.1
1749:10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_1896
756:Water fluoridation controversy
712:Big Pharma conspiracy theories
1:
4792:Treatment of mental disorders
4683:Childhood Autism Rating Scale
4531:PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome
4421:obsessive–compulsive disorder
4353:Pathological demand avoidance
4237:Societal and cultural aspects
2804:"Confronting Autism (Review)"
2781:10.1080/17489539.2021.1918890
2242:10.1080/17489539.2016.1265639
2120:10.1080/26408066.2020.1729284
2028:. Austin, Texas. p. J.1.
1127:Wilson's temperature syndrome
1112:Multiple chemical sensitivity
239:Biological terrain assessment
4114:The Psychology of the Occult
3369:Traditional Chinese medicine
3244:Doktor Koster's Antigaspills
3101:Superseded scientific theory
2535:10.3109/07434618.2014.971492
2188:10.1080/17489539.2014.955260
1958:10.1080/17489539.2012.704738
1854:10.3109/17518423.2012.749952
4673:Autism Diagnostic Interview
4443:Sensory processing disorder
4308:Autism and LGBTQ identities
3725:Electronic voice phenomenon
3582:Myers–Briggs Type Indicator
3442:Chemtrail conspiracy theory
1242:Certification and licensing
788:Alternative medical systems
417:Fabunan Antiviral Injection
183:Fringe medicine and science
4808:
4551:Tuberous sclerosis complex
4541:Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome
4516:MECP2 duplication syndrome
4496:Cornelia de Lange syndrome
4448:Global developmental delay
4121:The Ragged Edge of Science
3852:Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff
3795:Pseudoscientific metrology
3319:Miracle Mineral Supplement
2688:10.1038/s41598-020-64553-9
2295:10.1007/s40489-019-00175-w
1533:
798:Biologically based therapy
358:Dental amalgam controversy
4787:Facilitated communication
4630:Facilitated communication
4471:22q11.2 deletion syndrome
3735:Facilitated communication
3017:
1536:Facilitated communication
1530:Facilitated communication
1232:Applied Behavior Analysis
1185:facilitated communication
422:Facilitated communication
4704:Autism-spectrum quotient
4521:Neurofibromatosis type I
4135:The Skeptic's Dictionary
3693:Biological transmutation
3613:Faster-than-light travel
3587:Enneagram of Personality
3553:Recovered-memory therapy
3437:9/11 conspiracy theories
2467:"Rapid Prompting Method"
2378:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00012
2226:autism spectrum disorder
2077:"Rapid Prompting Method"
1902:Lilienfeld; et al.
1545:facilitator influence."
1294:Practices and procedures
1220:developmental psychology
1087:Candida hypersensitivity
269:Fake COVID-19 treatments
83:This article is part of
4635:Lancet MMR autism fraud
4577:Critical autism studies
4476:22q13 deletion syndrome
4438:Intellectual disability
4388:Emotional dysregulation
4285:High-functioning autism
4100:The Demon-Haunted World
4018:Bourgeois pseudoscience
3452:COVID-19 misinformation
3391:Young blood transfusion
3162:Anthroposophic medicine
2950:Todd, James T. (2015).
2365:Frontiers in Psychology
1607:RPM was featured in an
1311:Frontiers in Psychology
761:COVID-19 misinformation
689:Young blood transfusion
569:Orthomolecular medicine
534:Mind–body interventions
204:Anthroposophic medicine
144:Rise of modern medicine
4645:Rapid prompting method
4587:Double empathy problem
4572:Autism rights movement
3932:Corentin Louis Kervran
3800:Rapid prompting method
3688:Biodynamic agriculture
3678:Aquatic ape hypothesis
3536:Historical negationism
3239:Doctrine of signatures
3106:True-believer syndrome
1743:. pp. 2497–2503.
1516:
1455:
1435:
1418:
1398:
1377:
1169:rapid prompting method
793:Mind–body intervention
744:MMR vaccine and autism
734:Vaccine misinformation
629:Rapid prompting method
31:Rapid prompting method
18:Rapid Prompting Method
4730:Autism-related topics
4294:Associated conditions
3937:The Light (newspaper)
3922:William Donald Kelley
3815:Voice stress analysis
3447:Climate change denial
3386:Wind turbine syndrome
3381:Vertebral subluxation
3274:Germ theory denialism
2545:10536/DRO/DU:30072729
1348:Vanderbilt University
1303:Historical background
1288:Prader-Willi syndrome
1122:Vertebral subluxation
1071:Alternative diagnoses
659:Thought Field Therapy
299:Vertebral subluxation
4782:Autism pseudoscience
4735:Fictional characters
4463:Associated syndromes
3927:Robert F. Kennedy Jr
3887:Ignatius L. Donnelly
3558:Past life regression
3417:Arabian Judah theory
3364:Traditional medicine
3157:Alternative medicine
3086:Pathological science
2741:. Center for Inquiry
2053:. Center for Inquiry
1254:Targeted populations
1092:Chronic Lyme disease
821:Traditional medicine
803:Manipulative methods
604:Postural Integration
467:Bach flower remedies
343:Craniosacral therapy
171:Therapeutic nihilism
116:Alternative medicine
93:Alternative medicine
55:Alternative medicine
37:Alternative medicine
4612:Violence and autism
4398:Comorbid conditions
4023:Demarcation problem
3857:Brigitte Boisselier
3486:Hollow Earth theory
3469:Generational theory
3167:Applied kinesiology
2680:2020NatSR..10.7882J
1996:The Washington Post
1594:Scientific American
1574:National Geographic
1513:Lang, et al. (2014)
1228:sensory integration
739:Vaccines and autism
729:Anti-vaccinationism
722:OPV AIDS hypothesis
524:Megavitamin therapy
437:Functional medicine
214:Applied kinesiology
110:General information
69:Original proponents
32:
4511:Fragile X syndrome
4318:Autistic catatonia
4093:Skeptical Inquirer
3992:Paul Joseph Watson
3967:Hans Alfred Nieper
3805:Statement analysis
3755:Intelligent design
3630:Reactionless drive
3464:Conversion therapy
3412:Ancient astronauts
3299:Leaky gut syndrome
3279:HIV/AIDS denialism
3034:Cargo cult science
2876:Skeptical Inquirer
2738:Skeptical Inquirer
2668:Scientific Reports
2416:The Globe and Mail
1910:. Emory University
1588:The New York Times
1473:errorless learning
1463:Empirical evidence
1264:Fragile X syndrome
1107:Leaky gut syndrome
1082:Aerotoxic syndrome
1019:Prophetic medicine
717:HIV/AIDS denialism
544:Myofascial release
452:Holistic dentistry
432:Feldenkrais Method
412:Estrogen dominance
338:Conversion therapy
4769:
4768:
4666:Diagnostic scales
4556:Williams syndrome
4481:Angelman syndrome
4363:Special interests
4328:Autistic meltdown
4268:Asperger syndrome
4144:
4143:
4055:Cults of Unreason
4028:Scientific method
3957:Ministry of Ayush
3902:Nicholas Gonzalez
3828:
3827:
3765:Law of attraction
3745:Flat Earth theory
3625:Quantum mysticism
3565:Scientific racism
3521:Pseudoarchaeology
3427:Conspiracy theory
3125:characterized as
3069:Pseudomathematics
3059:Pseudoarchaeology
2831:Los Angeles Times
2049:(7 August 2018).
1758:978-1-4419-1697-6
1499:Prompt dependency
1284:Williams syndrome
1276:Angelman syndrome
1195:Soma Mukhopadhyay
1165:
1164:
892:Chinese herbology
649:Scientific racism
614:Psychodermatology
519:Medical intuitive
499:Lightning Process
457:Hologram bracelet
405:Therapeutic touch
306:Christian Science
279:Cancer treatments
78:
77:
73:Soma Mukhopadhyay
64:Late 20th century
16:(Redirected from
4799:
4761:Sensory friendly
4697:Screening scales
4546:Timothy syndrome
4453:Verbal Dyspraxia
4416:Anxiety disorder
4348:Nonverbal autism
4323:Autistic masking
4313:Autistic burnout
4171:
4164:
4157:
4148:
3997:Andrew Wakefield
3698:Creation science
3657:Water-fueled car
3619:Perpetual motion
3541:Holocaust denial
3511:Nibiru cataclysm
3506:Nazi archaeology
3309:Macrobiotic diet
3132:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2764:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2725:
2710:
2709:
2699:
2659:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2636:
2628:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2605:
2597:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2547:
2537:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2437:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2390:
2380:
2356:
2345:
2344:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2273:
2264:
2263:
2253:
2236:(3–4): 122–130.
2222:Hemsley, Bronwyn
2218:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2167:
2132:
2131:
2103:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2072:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2043:
2030:
2029:
2026:Austin Statesman
2021:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1987:
1970:
1969:
1941:
1935:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1856:
1832:
1763:
1762:
1736:
1514:
1453:
1433:
1416:
1396:
1375:
1177:pseudoscientific
1157:
1150:
1143:
907:Gill plate trade
669:Vaginal steaming
316:Colloidal silver
284:Charcoal cleanse
103:
80:
33:
21:
4807:
4806:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4765:
4756:Autism-friendly
4744:
4718:
4692:
4661:
4616:
4560:
4526:Noonan syndrome
4486:CHARGE syndrome
4457:
4392:
4358:Savant syndrome
4295:
4289:
4246:
4227:Pathophysiology
4180:
4175:
4145:
4140:
4037:
4013:Bogdanov affair
4001:
3981:Claude Vorilhon
3867:Robert Charroux
3842:Sucharit Bhakdi
3834:
3824:
3661:
3591:
3531:Genocide denial
3496:Japhetic theory
3491:Indigo children
3407:2012 phenomenon
3395:
3339:Patent medicine
3259:Energy medicine
3232:Colon cleansing
3217:Crystal healing
3152:Adrenal fatigue
3126:
3124:
3117:
3022:
3013:
3008:
2978:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2934:
2932:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2880:
2878:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2854:
2852:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2766:
2765:
2754:
2744:
2742:
2731:(20 May 2020).
2727:
2726:
2713:
2661:
2660:
2653:
2643:
2641:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2622:
2612:
2610:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2591:
2581:
2579:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2500:
2498:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2475:
2473:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2449:
2447:
2439:
2438:
2431:
2421:
2419:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2358:
2357:
2348:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2319:
2317:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2275:
2274:
2267:
2251:1959.13/1327023
2220:
2219:
2210:
2200:
2198:
2169:
2168:
2135:
2105:
2104:
2095:
2085:
2083:
2074:
2073:
2066:
2056:
2054:
2045:
2044:
2033:
2023:
2022:
2011:
2001:
1999:
1989:
1988:
1973:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1911:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1886:
1884:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1834:
1833:
1766:
1759:
1738:
1737:
1674:
1670:
1658:
1626:
1621:
1555:
1538:
1532:
1515:
1512:
1501:
1492:
1465:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1434:
1431:
1417:
1414:
1397:
1394:
1376:
1373:
1356:
1305:
1296:
1256:
1244:
1224:Anna Jean Ayres
1212:
1161:
1132:
1131:
1077:Adrenal fatigue
1072:
1064:
1063:
838:Southern Africa
823:
813:
812:
783:
781:Classifications
773:
772:
749:in chiropractic
707:
699:
698:
619:Quantum healing
609:Psychic surgery
484:Ionized jewelry
447:Herbal medicine
395:Esoteric energy
385:Energy medicine
353:Cupping therapy
348:Crystal healing
321:Colon cleansing
259:Bowen technique
229:Auriculotherapy
184:
176:
175:
111:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4805:
4803:
4795:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4774:
4773:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4758:
4752:
4750:
4749:Accommodations
4746:
4745:
4743:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4726:
4724:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4700:
4698:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4669:
4667:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4659:
4658:
4657:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4626:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4607:TEACCH program
4604:
4602:Neurodiversity
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4582:Discrimination
4579:
4574:
4568:
4566:
4565:Related issues
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4491:Cohen syndrome
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4467:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4413:
4408:
4402:
4400:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4299:
4297:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4263:Classic autism
4254:
4252:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4232:Sex and gender
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4188:
4186:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4166:
4159:
4151:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4110:
4103:
4096:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4051:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4009:
4007:
4006:Related topics
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3987:Randolph Stone
3984:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3962:Theodor Morell
3959:
3954:
3952:Joseph Mercola
3949:
3947:Jenny McCarthy
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3912:Graham Hancock
3909:
3907:Goop (company)
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3882:Vernon Coleman
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3838:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3647:Teleportation
3644:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3627:
3622:
3616:
3610:
3605:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3575:Melanin theory
3572:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3550:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3523:
3518:
3516:Parapsychology
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3466:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3403:
3401:
3400:Social science
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3349:Primal therapy
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3314:Magnet therapy
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3227:Detoxification
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3138:
3136:
3129:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3112:Voodoo Science
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3054:Fringe science
3046:
3041:
3036:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3007:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2984:
2977:
2976:
2962:
2942:
2911:
2888:
2862:
2836:
2821:
2808:New York Times
2794:
2752:
2711:
2651:
2620:
2589:
2572:asatonline.org
2559:
2528:(4): 357–358.
2508:
2483:
2457:
2429:
2402:
2346:
2327:
2301:
2288:(4): 403–412.
2265:
2208:
2133:
2114:(3): 361–367.
2093:
2064:
2031:
2009:
1971:
1936:
1921:
1894:
1868:
1847:(4): 219–223.
1764:
1757:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1554:
1551:
1534:Main article:
1531:
1528:
1510:
1500:
1497:
1491:
1488:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1355:
1352:
1304:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1255:
1252:
1243:
1240:
1236:motor planning
1211:
1208:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
950:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
927:Pressure point
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
858:
857:
852:
842:
841:
840:
835:
824:
819:
818:
815:
814:
811:
810:
808:Energy therapy
805:
800:
795:
790:
784:
779:
778:
775:
774:
771:
770:
769:
768:
758:
753:
752:
751:
746:
741:
736:
726:
725:
724:
714:
708:
705:
704:
701:
700:
697:
696:
694:Zero balancing
691:
686:
681:
679:Vision therapy
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
594:Parapsychology
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
514:Manual therapy
511:
509:Magnet therapy
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
470:
469:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
408:
407:
402:
397:
392:
382:
377:
372:
371:
370:
363:Detoxification
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
329:
328:
318:
313:
308:
303:
302:
301:
296:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
185:
182:
181:
178:
177:
174:
173:
168:
167:
166:
156:
151:
146:
141:
140:(health fraud)
135:
130:
129:
128:
123:
112:
109:
108:
105:
104:
96:
95:
89:
88:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
52:
51:Related fields
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4804:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4747:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4721:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4664:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4622:Controversies
4619:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4563:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4536:Rett syndrome
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4501:Down syndrome
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4464:
4460:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4296:and phenomena
4292:
4286:
4283:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4249:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4172:
4167:
4165:
4160:
4158:
4153:
4152:
4149:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4076:Fortean Times
4073:
4071:
4070:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4040:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4004:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3872:Deepak Chopra
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3835:pseudoscience
3831:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3703:Cryptozoology
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3603:Anti-gravity
3601:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3526:Pseudohistory
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3474:Generationism
3472:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3432:5G conspiracy
3430:
3429:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3422:Catastrophism
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3269:FasciaBlaster
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3207:Correactology
3205:
3203:
3202:Chromotherapy
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3127:pseudoscience
3120:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3064:Pseudohistory
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3049:Fringe theory
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3011:Pseudoscience
3005:
3000:
2998:
2993:
2991:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2965:
2963:9781317623830
2959:
2955:
2954:
2946:
2943:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2915:
2912:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2892:
2889:
2877:
2873:
2866:
2863:
2851:
2847:
2840:
2837:
2832:
2825:
2822:
2809:
2805:
2798:
2795:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2640:
2633:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2609:
2602:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2512:
2509:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2484:
2472:
2468:
2461:
2458:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2417:
2413:
2406:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2343:. Washington.
2342:
2338:
2331:
2328:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2302:
2296:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2010:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1909:
1908:Science Daily
1905:
1898:
1895:
1883:
1879:
1872:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1656:Book chapters
1655:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1610:
1605:
1603:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1581:Documentary,
1580:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1560:60 Minutes II
1552:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1509:
1505:
1498:
1496:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1474:
1469:
1462:
1457:
1448:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1428:
1420:
1419:
1411:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1391:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1370:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1280:Down syndrome
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
964:Faith healing
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
884:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
872:Bush medicine
870:
868:
865:
863:
862:Balneotherapy
860:
856:
853:
851:
848:
847:
846:
843:
839:
836:
834:
831:
830:
829:
826:
825:
822:
817:
816:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
785:
782:
777:
776:
767:
764:
763:
762:
759:
757:
754:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
731:
730:
727:
723:
720:
719:
718:
715:
713:
710:
709:
706:Controversies
703:
702:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
674:Vegetotherapy
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
589:Ozone therapy
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
504:Lymphotherapy
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
468:
465:
464:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
442:Hair analysis
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
427:FasciaBlaster
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
390:Correactology
388:
387:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
369:
366:
365:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
333:Colorpuncture
331:
327:
324:
323:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
311:Chromotherapy
309:
307:
304:
300:
297:
295:
292:
291:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
199:Alkaline diet
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
186:
180:
179:
172:
169:
165:
162:
161:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
149:Pseudoscience
147:
145:
142:
139:
136:
134:
131:
127:
124:
122:
119:
118:
117:
114:
113:
107:
106:
102:
98:
97:
94:
90:
86:
82:
81:
74:
71:
67:
63:
61:Year proposed
59:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
38:
34:
19:
4644:
4212:Heritability
4202:Epidemiology
4133:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4091:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4053:
3942:Mike Lindell
3862:Rhonda Byrne
3833:Promoters of
3820:Water memory
3799:
3760:Laundry ball
3652:Tractor beam
3608:Cold fusion
3304:Lunar effect
3249:Ear candling
3197:Chiropractic
3187:Bloodletting
3177:Bates method
3147:Aromatherapy
3110:
3076:Junk science
2967:. Retrieved
2952:
2945:
2933:. Retrieved
2928:
2924:
2914:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2879:. Retrieved
2875:
2865:
2853:. Retrieved
2849:
2839:
2830:
2824:
2812:. Retrieved
2807:
2797:
2775:(1): 46–51.
2772:
2768:
2743:. Retrieved
2736:
2729:Vyse, Stuart
2671:
2667:
2642:. Retrieved
2638:
2611:. Retrieved
2607:
2580:. Retrieved
2571:
2562:
2525:
2521:
2511:
2499:. Retrieved
2495:
2486:
2474:. Retrieved
2470:
2460:
2448:. Retrieved
2444:
2420:. Retrieved
2415:
2405:
2368:
2364:
2340:
2330:
2318:. Retrieved
2314:
2304:
2285:
2281:
2233:
2229:
2199:. Retrieved
2182:(1): 40–48.
2179:
2175:
2111:
2107:
2084:. Retrieved
2080:
2055:. Retrieved
2047:Vyse, Stuart
2025:
2000:. Retrieved
1995:
1952:(1): 36–57.
1949:
1945:
1939:
1929:
1924:
1912:. Retrieved
1907:
1897:
1885:. Retrieved
1881:
1871:
1844:
1840:
1740:
1661:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1619:Bibliography
1613:
1606:
1601:
1599:
1592:
1586:
1583:Tito's Story
1582:
1572:
1558:
1556:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1507:
1502:
1493:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1466:
1445:
1425:
1408:
1388:
1367:
1345:
1336:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1309:
1306:
1297:
1257:
1249:
1245:
1213:
1204:
1193:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1044:Thai massage
1014:Naftalan oil
887:Blood stasis
766:Turbo cancer
654:ThetaHealing
628:
579:Osteomyology
479:Hypnotherapy
474:Hydrotherapy
380:Ear candling
375:Dry needling
326:Coffee enema
289:Chiropractic
254:Bone-setting
234:Bates method
219:Aromatherapy
4640:MMR vaccine
4368:Infodumping
4343:Monotropism
4338:Late talker
4303:Alexithymia
4207:Epigenetics
3847:Del Bigtree
3334:Panchagavya
3324:Naturopathy
3192:Body memory
3142:Acupuncture
3027:Terminology
2674:(1): 7882.
1914:10 November
1328:(2008) and
1216:Jean Piaget
1200:Stuart Vyse
1004:Mien Shiang
922:Moxibustion
634:Reflexology
559:Oil pulling
554:Naturopathy
494:Jilly Juice
274:Camel urine
244:Black salve
194:Acupuncture
189:Acupressure
154:Antiscience
126:Terminology
4776:Categories
4650:Thiomersal
4592:Employment
4383:Echopraxia
4333:Hyperlexia
4087:Quackwatch
3917:David Icke
3897:Max Gerson
3892:Gaia, Inc.
3780:Numerology
3775:Lysenkoism
3770:Levitation
3750:Graphology
3635:Dean drive
3570:Aryan race
3501:Mediumship
3376:Trepanning
3344:Phrenology
3284:Homeopathy
3182:Biorhythms
3081:Paranormal
2582:10 January
2371:(12): 12.
2057:9 November
1668:References
1609:Apple Inc.
1102:Heavy legs
1059:Vietnamese
1039:Sri Lankan
599:Phrenology
584:Osteopathy
574:Orthopathy
462:Homeopathy
368:Foot detox
264:Breathwork
209:Apitherapy
164:Scientific
159:Skepticism
4655:Chelation
4378:Echolalia
4251:Diagnoses
4242:Therapies
4197:Diagnosis
4042:Resources
3972:Mehmet Oz
3790:Polygraph
3740:Feng shui
3708:Dianetics
3683:Astrology
3548:Pseudolaw
3354:Radionics
3329:Palmistry
3294:Iridology
3096:Snake oil
3039:Charlatan
2908:: 92–100.
2850:The Verge
2789:236600771
2476:9 January
2450:15 August
2320:15 August
2260:151352921
2196:143995817
2128:239764348
1966:143043194
1887:4 January
1458:Criticism
1268:blindness
1024:Shamanism
1009:Mongolian
984:Kayakalpa
959:Curandero
877:Cambodian
867:Brazilian
664:Urophagia
624:Radionics
529:Mesmerism
489:Iridology
4433:Epilepsy
4373:Stimming
3730:Eugenics
3713:Auditing
3289:Humorism
3264:Fad diet
3212:Cryonics
3172:Ayurveda
3135:Medicine
3091:Quackery
2814:14 April
2706:32398782
2576:Archived
2554:25379709
2422:14 April
2397:22355292
2002:14 April
1882:Stuff.NZ
1863:24102487
1624:Articles
1511:—
1450:—
1430:—
1413:—
1393:—
1372:—
1332:(2011).
1272:deafness
1210:Overview
994:Japanese
937:San Jiao
917:Meridian
845:Ayurveda
684:Vitalism
249:Bodywork
138:Quackery
85:a series
4740:Schools
4217:History
3877:Clonaid
3810:Ufology
3720:Dowsing
3673:Alchemy
3640:EMDrive
3596:Physics
3222:Cupping
3123:Topics
2931:(1): 31
2881:17 July
2855:17 July
2697:7217901
2676:Bibcode
2388:3280620
2201:9 April
1363:(AAIDD)
1175:) is a
1049:Tibetan
1029:Shiatsu
974:Iranian
954:Chumash
947:Zang-fu
912:Long gu
902:Gua sha
882:Chinese
828:African
644:Rolfing
121:History
4222:Memory
4192:Causes
4178:Autism
3785:Orgone
2969:8 July
2960:
2935:3 July
2787:
2745:23 May
2704:
2694:
2644:7 July
2613:7 July
2552:
2501:7 July
2395:
2385:
2258:
2194:
2126:
2086:7 July
1964:
1861:
1755:
1479:Jaswal
1384:(ASHA)
1286:, and
1260:autism
1222:) and
1181:autism
1117:PANDAS
1034:Siddha
999:Korean
942:Tui na
897:Dit da
564:Orgone
43:Claims
4723:Lists
3666:Other
3359:Reiki
3044:Crank
2785:S2CID
2635:(PDF)
2608:IASLT
2604:(PDF)
2445:AAIDD
2256:S2CID
2192:S2CID
2124:S2CID
1962:S2CID
1553:Media
1441:(SAC)
1432:IASLT
1374:AAIDD
1054:Unani
989:Kambo
969:Hilot
850:Dosha
400:Reiki
4185:Main
3977:Raël
2971:2019
2958:ISBN
2937:2020
2883:2019
2857:2019
2816:2017
2747:2020
2702:PMID
2646:2019
2615:2019
2584:2021
2550:PMID
2503:2019
2478:2021
2452:2019
2424:2017
2393:PMID
2322:2019
2203:2017
2088:2019
2059:2018
2004:2017
1916:2015
1889:2020
1859:PMID
1753:ISBN
1591:and
1415:ASAT
1401:The
1395:ASHA
1380:The
1359:The
1167:The
979:Jamu
855:MVAH
833:Muti
639:RBOP
549:NAET
2777:doi
2692:PMC
2684:doi
2540:hdl
2530:doi
2383:PMC
2373:doi
2290:doi
2246:hdl
2238:doi
2184:doi
2116:doi
1954:doi
1849:doi
1745:doi
1579:BBC
1569:PBS
1565:CNN
1452:SAC
1173:RPM
539:MMS
4778::
2929:46
2927:.
2923:.
2906:29
2904:.
2900:.
2874:.
2848:.
2806:.
2783:.
2773:15
2771:.
2755:^
2735:.
2714:^
2700:.
2690:.
2682:.
2672:10
2670:.
2666:.
2654:^
2637:.
2623:^
2606:.
2592:^
2570:.
2548:.
2538:.
2526:30
2524:.
2520:.
2494:.
2469:.
2443:.
2432:^
2414:.
2391:.
2381:.
2367:.
2363:.
2349:^
2339:.
2313:.
2284:.
2280:.
2268:^
2254:.
2244:.
2234:10
2232:.
2211:^
2190:.
2178:.
2174:.
2136:^
2122:.
2112:17
2110:.
2096:^
2079:.
2067:^
2034:^
2012:^
1994:.
1974:^
1960:.
1948:.
1906:.
1880:.
1857:.
1845:17
1843:.
1839:.
1767:^
1751:.
1675:^
1567:,
1563:,
1290:.
1282:,
1278:,
1274:,
1270:,
1266:,
932:Qi
87:on
4170:e
4163:t
4156:v
3983:)
3979:(
3621:
3615:
3003:e
2996:t
2989:v
2973:.
2939:.
2885:.
2859:.
2818:.
2791:.
2779::
2749:.
2708:.
2686::
2678::
2648:.
2617:.
2586:.
2556:.
2542::
2532::
2505:.
2480:.
2454:.
2426:.
2399:.
2375::
2369:3
2324:.
2298:.
2292::
2286:6
2262:.
2248::
2240::
2205:.
2186::
2180:8
2130:.
2118::
2090:.
2061:.
2006:.
1968:.
1956::
1950:6
1932:.
1918:.
1891:.
1865:.
1851::
1761:.
1747::
1340:,
1226:(
1218:(
1171:(
1156:e
1149:t
1142:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
