897:
and the superior cricoarytenoid muscle, the other of the newly named muscle that ran from the arytenoid to a midline tubercle on the cricoid. The newly named muscles were not seen in the human larynx. In addition, the location and configuration of the laryngeal alar cartilage was described. The second feature was that the way the newly named muscles appear to be familiar to those in the human larynx. The third feature was that a clear understanding of how MEPs are distributed in each of the laryngeal muscles was helpful in understanding the effects of botulinum toxin injection. The MEPs in the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle, lateral cricoarytenoid muscle, cricothyroid muscle, and superior cricoarytenoid muscle were focused mostly at the midbelly. In addition, the medial thyroarytenoid muscle were focused at the midbelly while the lateral thyroarytenoid muscle MEPs were focused at the anterior third of the belly. The fourth and final feature that was cleared up was how the MEPs were distributed in the thyroarytenoid muscle.
1497:
1505:
1420:, the Alberta government implemented an extremely aggressive rat control program to stop them from advancing further. A systematic detection and eradication system was used throughout a control zone about 600 kilometres (400 mi) long and 30 kilometres (20 mi) wide along the eastern border to eliminate rat infestations before the rats could spread further into the province. Shotguns, bulldozers, high explosives, poison gas, and incendiaries were used to destroy rats. Numerous farm buildings were destroyed in the process. Initially, tons of
1100:
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321:
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185:
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336:
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52:
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1713:). While the recordings may be of actual squeaking rats, the noise is uncommon – they may do so only if distressed, hurt, or annoyed. Normal vocalizations are very high-pitched, well outside the range of human hearing. Rats are also often cast in vicious and aggressive roles when in fact, their shyness helps keep them undiscovered for so long in an infested home.
806:
750:
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1354:, which is too cold for rat survival outdoors, and its lack of human habitation does not provide buildings to shelter them from the weather. However, rats have been introduced to many of the islands near Antarctica, and because of their destructive effect on native flora and fauna, efforts to eradicate them are ongoing. In particular,
1522:. People born in this year are expected to possess qualities associated with rats, including creativity, intelligence, honesty, generosity, ambition, a quick temper and wastefulness. People born in a year of the rat are said to get along well with "monkeys" and "dragons", and to get along poorly with "horses".
788:
Selective breeding has brought about different color and marking varieties in rats. Genetic mutations have also created different fur types, such as rex and hairless. Congenital malformation in selective breeding have created the dumbo rat, a popular pet choice due to their low, saucer-shaped ears. A
1400:
on board a ship carrying three helicopters and 100 tons of rat poison with the objective of "reclaiming the island for its seabirds". Rats have wiped out more than 90% of the seabirds on South
Georgia, and the sponsors hope that once the rats are gone, it will regain its former status as home to the
1435:
Forceful government control measures, strong public support and enthusiastic citizen participation continue to keep rat infestations to a minimum. The effectiveness has been aided by a similar but newer program in
Saskatchewan which prevents rats from even reaching the Alberta border. Alberta still
896:
The rat's larynx has been used in experimentations that involve inhalation toxicity, allograft rejection, and irradiation responses. One experiment described four features of the rat's larynx. The first being the location and attachments of the thyroarytenoid muscle, the alar cricoarytenoid muscle,
1415:
Alberta was settled by
Europeans relatively late in North American history and only became a province in 1905. Black rats cannot survive in its climate at all, and brown rats must live near people and in their structures to survive the winters. There are numerous predators in Canada's vast natural
160:
1327:. Some experts believe that rats are to blame for between forty percent and sixty percent of all seabird and reptile extinctions, with ninety percent of those occurring on islands. Thus man has indirectly caused the extinction of many species by accidentally introducing rats to new areas.
1401:
greatest concentration of seabirds in the world. The South
Georgia Heritage Trust, which organized the mission describes it as "five times larger than any other rodent eradication attempted worldwide". That would be true if it were not for the rat control program in Alberta (see below).
1612:
activists allege the treatment of rats in this context is cruel. The term "lab rat" is used, typically in a self-effacing manner, to describe a person whose job function requires them to spend a majority of their work time engaged in bench-level research (such as
1436:
employs an armed rat patrol to control rats along
Alberta's borders. About ten single rats are found and killed per year, and occasionally a large localized infestation has to be dug out with heavy machinery, but the number of permanent rat infestations is zero.
1162:
but illustrates New
Yorkers' awareness of the presence, and on occasion boldness and cleverness, of the rodents. New York has specific regulations for eradicating rats; multifamily residences and commercial businesses must use a specially trained and licensed
579:
response. Rodent tails—particularly in rat models—have been implicated with a thermoregulation function that follows from its anatomical construction. This particular tail morphology is evident across the family
Muridae, in contrast to the bushier tails of
1182:. To help combat the problem, a Chicago animal shelter has placed more than 1000 feral cats (sterilized and vaccinated) outside of homes and businesses since 2012, where they hunt and catch rats while also providing a deterrent simply by their presence.
1028:. Experiments done in the 1920s showed that some rats performed better than others in maze tests, and if these rats were selectively bred, their offspring also performed better, suggesting that in rats an ability to learn was heritable in some way.
667:
in the tail of the rat have identified multiple factors that influence how the organism navigates its environment with this structure. A particular example is that of a study in which the morphology of these tendons is explicated in detail. Namely,
892:
and double or absent aortic arches. Despite existing anatomical analogy in the inthrathoracic position of the heart itself, the murine model of the heart and its structures remains a valuable tool for studies of human cardiovascular conditions.
1323:. When introduced to a new area, they quickly reproduce to take advantage of the new food supply. In particular, they prey on the eggs and young of forest birds, which on isolated islands often have no other predators and thus have
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Rats have the ability to swim up sewer pipes into toilets. Rats will infest any area that provides shelter and easy access to sources of food and water, including under sinks, near garbage, and inside walls or cabinets.
472:. They may cause substantial food losses, especially in developing countries. However, the widely distributed and problematic commensal species of rats are a minority in this diverse genus. Many species of rats are
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for millennia and has usually accompanied men to any new area visited or settled by human beings by sea. Rats first got to countries such as
America and Australia by stowing away on ships. The similar species
650:
On the other hand, the tail's ability to function as a proprioceptive sensor and modulator has also been investigated. As aforementioned, the tail demonstrates a high degree of muscularization and subsequent
536:
Rats become sexually mature at age 6 weeks, but reach social maturity at about 5 to 6 months of age. The average lifespan of rats varies by species, but many only live about a year due to predation.
1960:
around the late 13th century, has inspired adaptations in film, theatre, literature, and even opera. The subject of much research, some theories have intertwined the tale with events related to the
701:
in which the outer layer of the integument can be detached in order to facilitate the animal's escape from a predator. This evolutionary selective pressure has persisted despite a multitude of
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Remy, the earnest little rat who is its hero, is such a lovable, determined, gifted rodent that I want to know what happens to him next, now that he has conquered the summit of French cuisine.
1892:
pitted the space-bound protagonist of a long series of novels, Commodore Grimes, against giant, intelligent rats who took over several stellar systems and enslaved their human inhabitants. "
773:
are also sometimes kept. Pet rats behave differently from their wild counterparts depending on how many generations they have been kept as pets. Pet rats do not pose any more of a risk of
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areas which will eat non-native rats, so it took until 1950 for invading rats to make their way over land from
Eastern Canada. Immediately upon their arrival at the eastern border with
923:
Domestic rats differ from wild rats in many ways. They are calmer and less likely to bite; they can tolerate greater crowding; they breed earlier and produce more offspring; and their
1716:
The actual portrayals of rats vary from negative to positive with a majority in the negative and ambiguous. The rat plays a villain in several mouse societies; from Brian
Jacques's
1888:, humans unintentionally introduce rats to the ecology at the home world of an alien race which previously invaded Earth and introduced some of its own fauna into its environment.
563:
The characteristic long tail of most rodents is a feature that has been extensively studied in various rat species models, which suggest three primary functions of this structure:
4223:
1709:
Depictions of rats in fiction are historically inaccurate and negative. The most common falsehood is the squeaking almost always heard in otherwise realistic portrayals (i.e. non
663:, orientation, etc., which ultimately assists it with achieving a state of proprioceptive balance in its environment. Further mechanobiological investigations of the constituent
1311:
The ship or wharf rat has contributed to the extinction of many species of wildlife, including birds, small mammals, reptiles, invertebrates, and plants, especially on islands.
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books tend to be highly positive and likeable characters, many of whom tell their remarkable life stories in the Mouse and Rat Club established by the animal-loving doctor.
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is notable for being the largest inhabited area on Earth which is free of true rats due to very aggressive government rat control policies. It has large numbers of native
643:, which directly relates to heat's ability to dissipate via the skin. These findings were confirmed in a separate study analyzing the relationships of heat storage and
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Multiple studies have explored the thermoregulatory capacity of rodent tails by subjecting test organisms to varying levels of physical activity and quantifying
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600:, facilitate specific proprioceptive senses to help orient the rodent in a three-dimensional environment. Murids have evolved a unique defense mechanism termed
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Research, National Research Council (US) and Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on the Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral (1988),
4328:
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Inagi, Katsuhide; Schultz, Edward; Ford, Charles (1998). "An Anatomic Study of the Rat Larynx: Establishing the Rat Model for Neuromuscular Function".
1956:
leads away an infestation with enchanted music. The piper is later refused payment, so he in turn leads away the town's children. This tale, traced to
1625:
Rats are frequently blamed for damaging food supplies and other goods, or spreading disease. Their reputation has carried into common parlance: in the
1222:
lineages, due to unknown viral RNA fragments in sewage matching mutations previously shown to make SARS-CoV-2 more adept at rodent-based transmission.
1914:
creatures able to take the shape of a rat, have appeared in the fantasy or horror genre since the 1970s. The term is a neologism coined in analogy to
1362:), where breeding seabirds could be badly affected if rats were introduced, is subject to special measures and regularly monitored for rat invasions.
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1984:). Furthermore, a linguistic phenomenon when a wh-expression drags with it an entire encompassing phrase to the front of the clause has been named
900:
Laboratory rats have also proved valuable in psychological studies of learning and other mental processes (Barnett 2002), as well as to understand
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4249:
2235:"Competition in an invaded rodent community reveals black rats as a threat to native bush rats in littoral rainforest of south-eastern Australia"
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1797:, repeatedly reminds the other characters that he is only involved because it means more food for him, and the cellar-rat of John Masefield's
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Casteleyn, Christophe; Trachet, Bram; Van Loo, Denis; Devos, Daniel G H; Van den Broeck, Wim; Simoens, Paul; Cornillie, Pieter (2017-04-27).
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Casteleyn, Christophe; Trachet, Bram; Van Loo, Denis; Devos, Daniel G H; Van den Broeck, Wim; Simoens, Paul; Cornillie, Pieter (2017-04-19).
2382:
Aplin, Ken P.; Suzuki, Hitoshi; Chinen, Alejandro A.; Chesser, R. Terry; ten Have, José; Donnellan, Stephen C.; et al. (November 2011).
1024:, generally, is determining what to measure. One aspect of intelligence is the ability to learn, which can be measured using a maze like the
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in New Zealand was declared rat free in 1988 after an eradication campaign based on a successful trial on the smaller Hawea Island nearby.
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Gibbs RA et al.: Genome sequence of the Brown Norway rat yields insights into mammalian evolution.: Nature. 2004 April 1; 428(6982):475–6.
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in rodents that exercise in warm environments. In this study, the tail was a focal point in measuring heat accumulation and modulation.
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descend upon rural areas and devour everything in their path. Rats have long been held up as the chief villain in the spread of the
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Selfish helpfulness —those willing to help for a price— has also been attributed to fictional rats. Templeton, from E. B. White's
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1815:
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1629:, "rat" is often an insult or is generally used to signify an unscrupulous character; it is also used, as a synonym for the term
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761:
Specially bred rats have been kept as pets at least since the late 19th century. Pet rats are typically variants of the species
5884:
1412:, also called bushy-tailed wood rats, but they are forest-dwelling vegetarians which are much less destructive than true rats.
1070:. Rats have a keen sense of smell and are easy to train. These characteristics have been employed, for example, by the Belgian
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created the humorous alias "Ratskywatsky" for a soldier who seduced, impregnated, and abandoned the heroine of his 1944 film,
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European associations with the rat are generally negative. For instance, "Rats!" is used as a substitute for various vulgar
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1123:; however, recent studies show that rats alone could not account for the rapid spread of the disease through Europe in the
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1737:
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Watson, J. (2008). New building, old parasite: Mesostigmatid mites—an ever-present threat to barrier rodent facilities.
3414:
2943:"Cardiac and Aortic Arch Anomalies in the Offspring of Vitamin a Deficient Rats Correlated with Similar Human Anomalies"
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or misdeed they committed. Describing a person as "rat-like" usually implies he or she is unattractive and suspicious.
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played an important role. Fictional works based on the tale that focus heavily on the rat aspect include Pratchett's
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1989:
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2598:
Mackenzie, SJ (2015). "Innervation and function of rat tail muscles for modeling cauda equina injury and repair".
1676:, the word "rat" is also a term for nonunion employers or breakers of union contracts, and this is why unions use
584:, the squirrel family. The tail is hairless and thin skinned but highly vascularized, thus allowing for efficient
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62:
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2006:
1949:
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38:
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Some fictional works use rats as the main characters. Notable examples include the society created by O'Brien's
1585:. Rats are seen as vicious, unclean, parasitic animals that steal food and spread disease. In 1522, the rats in
1350:
Rats are found in nearly all areas of Earth which are inhabited by human beings. The only rat-free continent is
88:
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830:
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1904:
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3906:"Predation by exotic rats on Australian offshore islands of less than 1000 km2 (100,000 ha) listing advice"
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95:
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Rats have been used as working animals. Tasks for working rats include the sniffing of gunpowder residue,
841:
studies. Over the years, rats have been used in many experimental studies, adding to our understanding of
530:
320:
2551:"Thermoregulatory responses in exercising rats: methodological aspects and relevance to human physiology"
2274:
Meerburg BG, Singleton GR, Kijlstra A (2009). "Rodent-borne diseases and their risks for public health".
1267:
When introduced into locations where rats previously did not exist, they can wreak an enormous degree of
655:
that ostensibly collaborate in orienting the organism. Specifically, this is accomplished by coordinated
300:
rodent will include the word "rat", while a smaller muroid's name will include "mouse". The common terms
261:. Species of rats are found throughout the order Rodentia, but stereotypical rats are found in the genus
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2761:"Expression of Msx1 and Dlx1 during Dumbo rat head development: correlation with morphological features"
1943:
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from a rat's tail relative to its abdomen. This observation was attributed to the higher proportion of
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4253:
2494:"Muscle proprioceptors in adult rat: mechanosensory signaling and synapse distribution in spinal cord"
1561:
holy men). The attending priests feed milk and grain to the rats, of which the pilgrims also partake.
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Vincent JA, Gabriel HM, Deardorff AS, Nardelli P, Fyffe RE, Burkholder T, Cope TC (1 November 2017).
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1577:, from any biological or behavioral trait of the rat, but possibly from the association of rats (and
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31:
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were spread around thousands of farm yards to poison rats, but soon after the program commenced the
1229:
because they are frequently infested with blood feeding rodent mites such as the tropical rat mite (
888:. Aortic arches studied in rats exhibit abnormalities similar to those of humans, including altered
6722:
6229:
6019:
5784:
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5493:
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4197:
3128:"Escaping the Laboratory: The Rodent Experiments of John B. Calhoun & Their Cultural Influence"
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part of the tail and exposing more interior elements to the environment. Paramount among these are
346:
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5141:
4127:
4059:"Pioneering rodent eradication in the sub-Antarctic: the Campbell Island Rat Eradication Project"
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4108:"Eradication of Norway Rats (rattus Norvegicus) from Hawea Island, Fiordland, Using Brodifacoum"
2219:
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as "earnest... lovable, determined, gifted" who lives with a Parisian garbage-boy-turned-chef.
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was introduced, which is much safer for people and more effective at killing rats than arsenic.
84:
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1541:, and a rat's statue is always found in a temple of Ganesh. In the northwestern Indian city of
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499:
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Milcheski, Dimas (2012). "Development of an experimental model of degloving injury in rats".
1976:
1740:. They have often been used as a mechanism in horror; being the titular evil in stories like
789:
breeding standard exists for rat fanciers wishing to breed and show their rat at a rat show.
525:), which preyed on black rats living in European cities during the epidemic outbreaks of the
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equals that of its human population was definitively refuted by Robert Sullivan in his book
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did not generally differentiate between rats and mice, instead referring to the former as
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236:
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2384:"Multiple Geographic Origins of Commensalism and Complex Dispersal History of Black Rats"
1239:), which will opportunistically bite and feed on humans, where the condition is known as
529:; these rats were used as transport hosts. Another zoonotic disease linked to the rat is
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1138:(AHS) found that eighteen percent of homes in Philadelphia showed evidence of rodents.
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are famous for their size and prevalence. The urban legend that the rat population in
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The rat (sometimes referred to as a mouse) is the first of the twelve animals of the
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785:. Tamed rats are generally friendly and can be taught to perform selected behaviors.
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Early studies found evidence both for and against measurable intelligence using the
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The characteristic tail of murids also displays a unique defense mechanism known as
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densities of the tail, along with ample muscle attachment sites along its plentiful
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1281:, is considered to be one of the world's worst invasive species. Also known as the
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159:
3002:"Validation of the murine aortic arch as a model to study human vascular diseases"
2886:"Validation of the murine aortic arch as a model to study human vascular diseases"
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2317:
Capel-Edwards, Maureen (October 1970). "Foot-and-mouth disease in the brown rat".
726:
335:
2643:"Preparation of Rat Tail Tendons for Biomechanical and Mechanobiological Studies"
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1319:, capable of eating a wide range of plant and animal foods, and have a very high
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Rats have long been considered deadly pests. Once considered a modern myth, the
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1369:, some islands' rat populations have been eradicated to protect or restore the
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Chicago was declared the "rattiest city" in the US by the pest control company
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978:
864:
of the rat are among the most commonly studied in murine models due to marked
838:
810:
730:
673:
605:
493:
4123:
3857:
3025:
2966:
2909:
2517:
2101:. Chicago, IL: Britannica Digital Learning. 2017 – via Credo Reference.
2065:
6503:
6052:
5929:
5748:
5589:
5556:
5511:
5368:
5331:
4954:
4608:
4594:
4588:
4515:
3626:"Rats! Chicago Tops Orkin's Rattiest Cities List for Sixth Consecutive Time"
2233:
Stokes, Vicki L.; Banks, Peter B.; Pech, Roger P.; Spratt, David M. (2009).
1965:
1689:
1662:
1636:
1598:
1155:
946:
766:
762:
744:
697:
576:
464:
The common species are opportunistic survivors and often live with and near
411:
374:
366:
358:
341:
329:
281:
275:
196:
167:
6404:
3600:
3393:
3374:
3198:
3043:
2974:
2927:
2796:
2676:
2619:
2584:
2535:
2427:
2295:
2215:
3865:
3830:
Engel, Peter M.; Welzel, J.; Maass, M.; Schramm, U.; Wolff, H. H. (1998).
3758:"Information on other rodent-related diseases – Leptospirosis Information"
3078:
2509:
2441:
2352:
2338:
1665:– "to rat on someone" is to betray them by informing the authorities of a
805:
749:
631:
via the animals' tails. One study demonstrated a significant disparity in
6456:
6398:
6253:
6175:
6116:
6061:
5902:
5739:
5658:
5421:
5258:
5063:
4897:
4756:
4278:. Alberta Department of Agriculture and Rural Development. Archived from
4252:. Alberta Department of Agriculture and Rural Development. Archived from
3341:"Individual differences: Case studies of rodent and primate intelligence"
2958:
2016:
1915:
1769:
1542:
1429:
1409:
1316:
1286:
1195:
1082:
1063:
1037:
917:
842:
710:
677:
659:
and extension of tail muscles to produce slight shifts in the organism's
581:
488:
216:
4131:
4107:
3653:"1,000 feral cats released onto Chicago streets to tackle rat explosion"
3601:"Questions and Answers Regarding New York State Pest Management Program"
680:
for these fibers. As in humans, these tendons contain a high density of
604:
that allows for escape from predation through the loss of the outermost
6547:
5291:
5105:
4921:
4878:
4781:
3356:
2112:
1957:
1875:
by using short sequences in the storyline showing lab rat experiments.
1718:
1538:
1525:
1405:
1370:
1104:
981:, rats are a popular choice due to their high intelligence, ingenuity,
872:. Both rat and human aortic arches exhibit subsequent branching of the
846:
685:
672:
of tendons of the rat's tail demonstrate a higher proportion of living
656:
608:
layer on the tail. However, this mechanism is associated with multiple
540:
407:
354:
269:
2611:
1601:
and conversely find them to be tame, clean, intelligent, and playful.
6560:
5436:
4915:
4903:
4891:
1900:
1597:
for destroying crops. However, some people in European cultures keep
1590:
1218:
wastewater have also cited rats as the potential source of "cryptic"
1139:
1112:
1025:
954:
932:
854:
834:
664:
465:
427:
325:
297:
263:
258:
246:
226:
206:
6375:
4711:(Tesis doctoral). Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. pp. 4, 122.
2810:
2207:
1631:
6508:
3848:
3831:
3572:"Sean Wilsey reviews 'Rats' by Robert Sullivan · LRB 17 March 2005"
3315:
Thorndike, R (1935). "Organization of behavior in the albino rat".
623:
tail, delineating tendon bundles, vasculature, and vertebral canal.
513:
is traditionally believed to have been caused by the microorganism
6656:
1834:
1693:
1666:
1586:
1578:
1558:
1554:
1524:
1503:
1495:
1483:
1463:
1334:
1254:
1171:
1098:
1074:
997:
940:
928:
924:
885:
804:
748:
714:
554:
382:
334:
319:
289:
4678:
Bryan Armor; Christine Gregory; Ellen Kiley; et al. (2000).
4224:"Rattus norvegicus (mammal) – Details of this species in Alberta"
4007:"Preventing the introduction of non-native species to Antarctica"
3345:
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition
2658:
2093:
2091:
1896:" is nickname of the (human) protagonist of a series of humorous
916:, a mental ability previously only documented in humans and some
729:
response, meaning that it occurs when the animal is subjected to
1658:
1654:
1308:, has also been carried worldwide by ships in recent centuries.
1290:
1004:, have been bred for use in laboratories. Much of the genome of
970:
850:
725:
or similar injury to the structure. The degloving response is a
378:
6379:
4850:
3415:"Video of Bart Weetjens talk on use of rats as odour detectors"
2862:
Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research
1388:
In January 2015, an international "Rat Team" set sail from the
1198:
vectors for certain pathogens and thus spread disease, such as
884:, as well as geometrically similar, nonplanar curvature in the
6495:
3788:"New York City's Rats Could Have Their Own Strain of COVID-19"
3440:"Massive plagues of rats swarm across India every fifty years"
1134:
Most urban areas battle rat infestations. A 2015 study by the
853:, and other topics that have provided a great benefit for the
782:
778:
430:
rodents related to true rats but are not members of the genus
385:, which are their relatives, but seldom weigh over 500 grams (
45:
4626:
Johnson, Kristin (September 1998). "Ecology of the Wererat".
1150:, also demonstrated significant rodent infestations. Indeed,
969:
has become a useful genetic tool, although not as popular as
733:, such as when a predator snatches the organism by the tail.
692:
areas associated with balance, proprioception, and movement.
688:
and adjust accordingly by relaying the information to higher
480:
due to habitat loss or competition with the brown, black, or
4757:
The universal directory for taking alive and destroying rats
4358:
Don't Shoot the Albatross!: Nautical Myths and Superstitions
3135:
Department of Economic History at London School of Economics
957:
sequence, and other advances, such as the creation of a rat
410:
that are not true rats. Examples include the North American
3739:. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2013-10-31
1948:
One of the oldest and most historic stories about rats is "
1131:
does list nearly a dozen diseases directly linked to rats.
312:
specific. There are 56 known species of rats in the world.
3520:"CDC – Diseases directly transmitted by rodents – Rodents"
1174:
in 2020, for the sixth consecutive time. It's followed by
953:
for scientific research. Since the publication of the rat
3679:"How to keep the rats from coming up through your toilet"
1573:
in the English language. These associations do not draw,
1529:
Indigenous rats are allowed to run freely throughout the
3155:
Foote, Allison L.; Jonathon D. Crystal (20 March 2007).
487:
Wild rodents, including rats, can carry many different
414:(aka wood rats) and a number of species loosely called
4786:
3832:"Tropical Rat Mite Dermatitis: Case Report and Review"
3390:"Rats for dinner, a delicacy to some, a taboo to many"
2710:"Wild Rats in Captivity and Domestic Rats in the Wild"
837:
brown rats to study the effects of diet and for other
4147:"Rat eradication breakthrough — Breaksea Island 1988"
1537:
In Indian tradition, rats are seen as the vehicle of
6388:
6293:
6251:
6173:
6114:
5434:
5412:
5390:
5366:
5344:
5322:
5289:
5256:
5234:
5212:
5190:
5103:
5061:
5002:
4952:
4930:
4709:
Monstrous Figurations: Notes for a Feminist Reading
1764:. Another terrifying use of rats is as a method of
1581:) with the 14th-century medieval plague called the
1263:, engraving, published by Hurst, Robinson & Co.
543:in the forests of Asia during the beginning of the
178:
152:
76:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4776:National Bio Resource Project for the Rat in Japan
4226:. Global Invasive Species Database. Archived from
3957:. Global Invasive Species Database. Archived from
3305:, Dover Publications, New York, 1929/1963, 186 pp.
4303:"On the frontlines of Alberta's war against rats"
4172:"South Georgia rat eradication mission sets sail"
3880:"100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species"
3704:"See How Easily a Rat Can Wriggle Up Your Toilet"
2192:"The Year of the Rat ends: time to fight hunger!"
1046:in some cultures, is a dietary staple in others.
1020:in rats. Part of the difficulty of understanding
684:that help the animal assess stretching of muscle
3981:"Humans outdone by Rats for causing Extinctions"
3217:"Rats Capable Of Reflecting On Mental Processes"
1115:in India occurs every fifty years, as armies of
2941:Wilson, James G.; Warkany, Josef (1950-04-01).
973:. When it comes to conducting tests related to
4083:"Eradication—The Clearance of Campbell Island"
2735:"Merk Veterinary Manual Global Zoonoses Table"
1635:, to mean an individual who works as a police
993:seems in many ways similar to that of humans.
4862:
3334:
3332:
3330:
1500:Two mice, Vietnam Museum of Ethnology - Hanoi
612:that have been the subject of investigation.
539:The black and brown rats diverged from other
8:
3126:Ramsden, Edmund; Adams, Jon (January 2008).
2813:. American Fancy Rat & Mouse Association
1971:The Amazing Maurice and his Educated Rodents
1488:Chinese zodiac pendant with 5 rats climbing
1398:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
3522:. Centers for Disease Control. 2011-06-07.
2190:Meerburg BG, Singleton GR, Leirs H (2009).
37:"Rats" redirects here. For "The Rats", see
6376:
5450:
4869:
4855:
4847:
4470:. Andrews McMeel Publishing. p. 637.
4439:Clute, John; John Grant (March 15, 1999).
4009:. British Antarctic Survey. Archived from
3733:"Identify and Prevent Rodent Infestations"
3546:"The Most Vermin-Infested American Cities"
3491:"Black Death study lets rats off the hook"
2858:"Benefits Derived from the Use of Animals"
2833:"Rat - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics"
1803:requires bribery to be of any assistance.
1377:was declared rat free after 229 years and
158:
149:
4467:Roger Ebert's Four-Star Reviews 1967–2007
4410:"Nevada Journal: Louts and the Rat World"
4170:Gill, First= Victoria (23 January 2015).
3847:
3364:
3188:
3033:
2917:
2786:
2776:
2666:
2574:
2525:
2417:
2407:
2258:
1918:. The concept has since become common in
1511:(The mouse carries the lamp), Vietnamese
406:is also used in the names of other small
136:Learn how and when to remove this message
4434:
4432:
4430:
4301:Giovannetti, Justin (26 November 2015).
614:
4770:High-Resolution Images of the Rat Brain
4573:Dungeons & Dragons Rules Cyclopedia
4378:MacKinnon, J. B. (September 26, 2023).
4250:"The History of Rat Control In Alberta"
2033:
1988:after "Pied Piper of Hamlin" (see also
1806:By contrast, the rats appearing in the
833:, established a population of domestic
4724:"The grim truth behind the Pied Piper"
4722:Kadushin, Raphael (3 September 2020).
4597:(April 1993). "Role-playing Reviews".
4492:
4490:
2137:"ITIS - Report: Bandicota bengalensis"
1000:or "lines" of brown rats, such as the
912:). A 2007 study found rats to possess
457:. A group of rats is referred to as a
381:. Rats are bigger than most Old World
373:). This group, generally known as the
288:Rats are typically distinguished from
257:are various medium-sized, long-tailed
4745:List of books and articles about rats
4443:. St. Martin's Griffin. p. 642.
3886:from the original on 27 February 2013
3339:Matzel, LD; Sauce, B (October 2017).
2879:
2877:
2066:"Habits, Habitat & Types of Mice"
1705:United States Navy propaganda poster.
1285:, it has been carried worldwide as a
721:within the tail becomes exposed upon
7:
6728:Extant Pleistocene first appearances
6662:6502AA63-E05C-FFBC-19FD-FDDBFE284835
6623:15a069c6-ffbc-42da-a4d9-2d987bc6adf3
6535:43546787-59c2-48b9-8179-bad7e7352126
4309:from the original on 22 January 2017
4178:from the original on 24 January 2015
3987:from the original on 19 January 2015
3882:. Global Invasive Species Database.
3582:from the original on 9 February 2013
3059:Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
2737:. Merckvetmanual.com. Archived from
2692:Brazilian Journal of Plastic Surgery
1225:Rats are also associated with human
809:A laboratory rat strain, known as a
519:, carried by the tropical rat flea (
74:adding citations to reliable sources
5301:Bunn's short-tailed bandicoot rat (
4754:Smith, Robert (Rat-catcher) (1786)
4106:Taylor, R.H.; Thomas, B.W. (1989).
904:and overcrowding (with the work of
793:As subjects for scientific research
639:in the tail, as well as its higher
5354:Palawan soft-furred mountain rat (
3283:from the original on 26 April 2006
3255:American Psychological Association
2353:"How old is a rat in human years?"
1604:Rats are often used in scientific
1077:, which trains rats (specifically
813:, bred to be genetically prone to
717:infection, as the high density of
25:
5885:Western New Guinea mountain rat (
4658:Poisso, Dean. "Animal Ancestry."
4204:from the original on 29 June 2017
4198:"Bushy-Tailed Woodrat (Pack Rat)"
3392:. Newvision.co.ug. Archived from
3303:Brain Mechanisms and Intelligence
2647:Journal of Visualized Experiments
2363:from the original on 12 June 2015
377:rats or true rats, originated in
5521:Molaccan prehensile-tailed rat (
4791:
4386:. Hakai Magazine. Archived from
3786:Mench, Chris (4 February 2022).
3467:. University of North Carolina.
3388:Newvision Archive (2005-03-10).
3219:. Sciencedaily.com. 2007-03-09.
3018:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01220.x
2989:from the original on 2017-08-18.
2902:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01220.x
2319:Journal of Comparative Pathology
2260:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01735.x
2076:from the original on 24 May 2015
1816:Mrs. Frisby and the Rats of NIMH
1214:infection. Researchers studying
1178:, New York, Washington, DC, and
183:
50:
4511:Monstrous Compendium Volume One
3983:. Science Avenger. 2007-12-05.
3768:from the original on 2016-10-31
3685:from the original on 2015-09-01
3677:Klein, Stephanie (2014-10-17).
3607:from the original on 2014-12-17
3552:from the original on 2017-01-18
3526:from the original on 2013-03-17
3501:from the original on 2013-08-27
3471:from the original on 2013-03-01
3446:from the original on 2013-05-21
3421:from the original on 2012-10-07
3223:from the original on 2012-10-10
2864:, National Academies Press (US)
2778:10.1590/S1415-47572009005000041
2716:from the original on 2009-04-13
2099:Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
1042:Rat meat is a food that, while
588:with the environment. The high
468:; therefore, they are known as
61:needs additional citations for
5200:Ryukyu long-tailed giant rat (
4807:New International Encyclopedia
4112:New Zealand Journal of Ecology
3651:Guzman, Joseph (11 May 2021).
3251:"Animal studies in psychology"
2765:Genetics and Molecular Biology
2759:Katerji, Suhair (1 May 2009).
1451:(big mouse) and the latter as
445:, pregnant or parent females,
1:
5040:Kenneth's white-toothed rat (
4412:. Nj.npri.org. Archived from
4360:. A&C Black, London, UK.
3544:Clark, Patrick (2017-01-17).
3442:. Io9.com. 19 November 2010.
3071:10.1016/s0194-5998(98)70378-x
2811:"AFRMA OFFICIAL RAT STANDARD"
2567:10.1080/23328940.2015.1119615
1928:and fantasy fiction like the
1650:The Miracle of Morgan's Creek
1072:non-governmental organization
619:Microscopic cross section of
5310:Short-tailed bandicoot rat (
4877:Extant species of subfamily
4145:Guthrie, Kate (2020-03-22).
4034:"Hawadax Island Is Rat-Free"
4032:Rosen, Yereth (2009-06-13).
3836:Clinical Infectious Diseases
3708:video.nationalgeographic.com
3578:. Lrb.co.uk. pp. 9–10.
2409:10.1371/journal.pone.0026357
2331:10.1016/0021-9975(70)90051-4
1974:, and Belgian graphic novel
1843:is about a rat described by
1549:are held to be destined for
1379:Campbell Island, New Zealand
943:are smaller (Barnett 2002).
857:and wellbeing of humankind.
641:surface-area-to-volume ratio
586:countercurrent heat exchange
476:, some of which have become
5268:Gray-bellied mountain rat (
5049:Manipur white-toothed rat (
5031:Bower's white-toothed rat (
4684:White Wolf Publishing, Inc.
4441:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy
4329:"NATURE NOTES: Mus Maximus"
4057:Cooper, John (2022-12-13).
3790:. Thrillist. Archived from
3570:Wilsey, Sean (2005-03-17).
3489:Maev Kennedy (2011-08-17).
1728:, to the roles of Disney's
1661:) in criminal slang for an
1129:Centers for Disease Control
292:by their size. Usually the
267:. Other rat genera include
6754:
6161:Müller's giant Sunda rat (
6143:Mountain giant Sunda rat (
4305:. Toronto Globe and Mail.
3157:"Metacognition in the rat"
2498:Journal of Neurophysiology
2239:Journal of Applied Ecology
1990:pied-piping with inversion
1941:
1687:
1477:
1394:British Overseas Territory
1079:African giant pouched rats
1053:
1035:
798:
742:
36:
29:
6315:
6041:
5864:
5806:
5611:
5569:
5453:
5022:Small white-toothed rat (
4940:Luzon broad-toothed rat (
4886:
4782:Rat Behaviour and Biology
3911:. Government of Australia
3762:Leptospirosis Information
3181:10.1016/j.cub.2007.01.061
2288:10.1080/10408410902989837
2007:List of fictional rodents
1950:The Pied Piper of Hamelin
1882:'s science fiction novel
1404:The Canadian province of
1269:environmental degradation
339:Skeleton of a black rat (
180:Scientific classification
166:
157:
39:The Rats (disambiguation)
27:Several genera of rodents
5894:Manus Island spiny rat (
5722:Little soft-furred rat (
5539:New Ireland forest rat (
5124:Yellow-haired hill rat (
5091:Lagre Luzon forest rat (
4990:Savile's bandicoot rat (
4778:(archived 29 April 2005)
4707:Fusco, Virginia (2015).
4356:Eyers, Jonathan (2011).
4276:"Rat Control in Alberta"
3955:"Rattus rattus (mammal)"
2641:Bruneau, Amelia (2010).
2446:Rat Behavior and Biology
1982:The Ball of the Dead Rat
1781:The Pit and the Pendulum
1690:Fancy rat § Fiction
1593:were charged and put on
1381:after almost 200 years.
1190:In the spread of disease
961:, and the production of
831:Worcester, Massachusetts
821:also found among humans.
6355:Stenocephalomys–Xeromys
6303:Luzon short-nosed rat (
6272:Spiny long-footed rat (
5984:Pocock's highland rat (
5876:Vogelkop mountain rat (
5467:Philippine forest rat (
5422:Flores long-nosed rat (
5277:Mindanao mountain rat (
4981:Greater bandicoot rat (
4822:Encyclopædia Britannica
4772:(archived 3 March 2016)
4380:"In Defense of the Rat"
4200:. Pest Control Canada.
2549:Wanner, Samuel (2015).
2161:"Creature Feature Rats"
1894:The Stainless Steel Rat
1869:evolutionary psychology
1701:depicted as a rat in a
1492:, bat at top of pendant
1358:(just off rat-infested
1259:Rat-catching, 1823, by
1136:American Housing Survey
1068:animal-assisted therapy
705:that can manifest upon
559:A closeup of a rat tail
399: oz) in the wild.
316:Species and description
18:Rats in popular culture
6281:Kampalili moss mouse (
6212:Sulawesi montane rat (
6098:Rattus villosissimus (
6071:Australian swamp rat (
5758:Sahyadris forest rat (
5695:Lesser ricefield rat (
5178:Tana Toraja hill rat (
5169:Long-headed hill rat (
4972:Lesser bandicoot rat (
4837:Encyclopedia Americana
4825:(11th ed.). 1911.
4605:Lake Geneva, Wisconsin
4543:Supplement I: Greyhawk
4508:; et al. (1989).
4151:Predator Free NZ Trust
4087:New Zealand Geographic
3576:London Review of Books
3317:Genet. Psychol. Monogr
2113:"Bandicota Gray, 1873"
1925:Dungeons & Dragons
1837:'s 2007 animated film
1706:
1534:
1515:
1501:
1493:
1375:Hawadax Island, Alaska
1347:
1264:
1235:) and spiny rat mite (
1108:
822:
758:
624:
560:
531:foot-and-mouth disease
350:
332:
6644:Paleobiology Database
6230:Sulawesi forest rat (
5785:Tawitawi forest rat (
5581:Himalayan field rat (
5082:Camiguin forest rat (
4796:Texts on Wikisource:
4464:Ebert, Roger (2008).
3931:"Species – Brown Rat"
3101:"Why do we use rats?"
2837:www.sciencedirect.com
2510:10.1152/jn.00497.2017
1944:Pied Piper of Hamelin
1819:, and others include
1749:The Rats in the Walls
1732:and Kate DiCamillo's
1697:
1615:postgraduate students
1528:
1507:
1499:
1487:
1346:Rat trapped in a cage
1345:
1258:
1152:rats in New York City
1103:Rodent Bait Station,
1102:
878:common carotid artery
874:brachiocephalic trunk
870:cardiovascular system
808:
752:
645:mechanical efficiency
618:
558:
437:Male rats are called
424:Bandicota bengalensis
338:
323:
279:(bandicoot rats) and
6530:Fauna Europaea (new)
5400:Sulawesi giant rat (
5142:Fraternal hill rat (
5012:(White-toothed rats)
4654:Wizards of the Coast
4282:on 26 September 2014
4256:on 25 September 2014
3603:. DOEC of NY State.
3105:Cambridge University
2959:10.1542/peds.5.4.708
2712:. Ratbehaviour.org.
1852:Mon oncle d'Amérique
1775:Nineteen Eighty-Four
1746:or H.P. Lovecraft's
1360:South Georgia Island
1325:no fear of predators
1232:Ornithonyssus bacoti
1012:General intelligence
1008:has been sequenced.
670:cell viability tests
345:) on display at the
70:improve this article
32:Rat (disambiguation)
30:For other uses, see
6738:Paraphyletic groups
6713:Mammal common names
6350:Pogonomys–Pseudomys
6194:Lovely-haired rat (
5852:Yellow-tailed rat (
5794:Malayan field rat (
5713:Mindoro black rat (
5133:Heavenly hill rat (
5115:Andrew's hill rat (
4787:Rat Genome Database
4680:Dragons of the East
3279:. www.ensembl.org.
3173:2007CBio...17..551F
2400:2011PLoSO...626357A
2251:2009JApEc..46.1239S
1890:A. Bertram Chandler
1772:in George Orwell's
1722:and Robin Jarvis's
1249:As invasive species
1241:rat mite dermatitis
866:anatomical homology
682:golgi tendon organs
491:pathogens, such as
441:; unmated females,
418:. Rats such as the
353:The best-known rat
347:Museum of Osteology
6345:Oenomys–Pithecheir
6325:Aethomys–Chrotomys
6124:(Giant Sunda rats)
6020:Van Deusen's rat (
5494:Hoogerwerf's rat (
5378:Flores giant rat (
4570:, and Dori Watry.
4540:and Robert Kuntz.
4390:on October 3, 2023
4333:www.wigantoday.net
4230:on 26 October 2014
3961:on 20 October 2015
3935:The Mammal Society
3794:on 5 February 2022
3465:"The Black Plague"
3357:10.1037/xan0000152
3006:Journal of Anatomy
2890:Journal of Anatomy
2468:"Degloving Injury"
2276:Crit Rev Microbiol
1977:Le Bal du Rat Mort
1920:role playing games
1768:, for instance in
1752:and in films like
1707:
1643:. Writer/director
1639:or who has turned
1617:in the sciences).
1545:, the rats at the
1535:
1516:
1502:
1494:
1466:against the word "
1367:island restoration
1348:
1265:
1194:Rats can serve as
1109:
949:are often used as
890:pulmonary arteries
823:
819:metabolic disorder
777:than pets such as
771:giant pouched rats
759:
625:
561:
522:Xenopsylla cheopis
351:
333:
6695:
6694:
6631:Open Tree of Life
6382:Taxon identifiers
6373:
6372:
6263:Long-footed rat (
6221:Small-eared rat (
6134:Annandale's rat (
6110:
6109:
6080:Dusky field rat (
5966:New Guinean rat (
5957:Moss-forest rat (
5912:Spiny Ceram rat (
5222:Sody's tree rat (
5160:Inland hill rat (
5151:Karoko hill rat (
4477:978-0-7407-7179-8
4450:978-0-312-19869-5
4384:hakaimagazine.com
4366:978-1-4081-3131-2
4063:Mouse-Free Marion
4013:on 8 January 2015
3107:. 28 October 2016
2612:10.1002/mus.24498
1857:My American Uncle
1800:The Midnight Folk
1730:Professor Ratigan
1725:The Deptford Mice
1565:European cultures
1547:Karni Mata Temple
1531:Karni Mata Temple
1428:and medical drug
1343:
1297:Rattus norvegicus
1237:Laelaps echidnina
1006:Rattus norvegicus
882:subclavian artery
849:, the effects of
775:zoonotic diseases
676:that produce the
594:connective tissue
500:Toxoplasma gondii
371:Rattus norvegicus
285:(kangaroo rats).
252:
251:
172:Rattus norvegicus
146:
145:
138:
120:
16:(Redirected from
6745:
6688:
6687:
6675:
6674:
6665:
6664:
6652:
6651:
6639:
6638:
6626:
6625:
6616:
6615:
6603:
6602:
6600:NHMSYS0000376191
6590:
6589:
6577:
6576:
6564:
6563:
6551:
6550:
6538:
6537:
6525:
6524:
6512:
6511:
6499:
6498:
6486:
6485:
6473:
6472:
6460:
6459:
6450:
6449:
6437:
6436:
6424:
6423:
6422:
6409:
6408:
6407:
6377:
6340:Melasmothrix–Mus
6335:Hadromys–Maxomys
6223:T. microbullatus
6127:
6126:
6125:
6100:R. villosissimus
6089:Pale field rat (
5787:R. tawitawiensis
5677:Hoffmann's rat (
5643:R. argentiventer
5476:Polynesian rat (
5451:
5447:
5446:
5445:
5015:
5014:
5013:
4965:
4964:
4963:
4962:(Bandicoot rats)
4910:Euarchontoglires
4871:
4864:
4857:
4848:
4841:
4826:
4811:
4795:
4732:
4731:
4719:
4713:
4712:
4704:
4698:
4697:
4675:
4669:
4666:Paizo Publishing
4633:
4620:Monstrous Manual
4612:
4564:Steven E. Schend
4535:
4529:
4528:
4498:David "Zeb" Cook
4494:
4485:
4484:
4461:
4455:
4454:
4436:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4406:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4375:
4369:
4354:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4335:. Archived from
4325:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4298:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4220:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4194:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4103:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4079:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4054:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4029:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3927:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3910:
3902:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3876:
3870:
3869:
3851:
3842:(6): 1465–1469.
3827:
3821:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3710:. Archived from
3700:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3368:
3336:
3325:
3324:
3312:
3306:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3277:"Genome project"
3273:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3247:
3241:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3201:. Archived from
3192:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3132:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3037:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2921:
2881:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2790:
2780:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2670:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2600:Muscle and Nerve
2595:
2589:
2588:
2578:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2529:
2504:(5): 2687–2701.
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2472:Rat Health Guide
2463:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2421:
2411:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2245:(6): 1239–1247.
2230:
2224:
2223:
2218:. Archived from
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2167:. Archived from
2157:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2095:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2072:. 26 June 2014.
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2042:"Rat Fact Sheet"
2038:
2002:Chicago rat hole
1880:Harry Turtledove
1653:. It is a term (
1641:state's evidence
1627:English language
1513:Đông Hồ painting
1455:(little mouse).
1422:arsenic trioxide
1390:Falkland Islands
1344:
1291:seagoing vessels
1148:Washington, D.C.
1022:animal cognition
977:, learning, and
827:Clark University
633:heat dissipation
598:caudal vertebrae
565:thermoregulation
398:
397:
393:
390:
188:
187:
162:
150:
141:
134:
130:
127:
121:
119:
78:
54:
46:
21:
6753:
6752:
6748:
6747:
6746:
6744:
6743:
6742:
6698:
6697:
6696:
6691:
6683:
6678:
6670:
6668:
6660:
6655:
6647:
6642:
6634:
6629:
6621:
6619:
6611:
6606:
6598:
6593:
6585:
6580:
6572:
6567:
6559:
6554:
6546:
6541:
6533:
6528:
6520:
6515:
6507:
6502:
6494:
6489:
6481:
6476:
6468:
6463:
6455:
6453:
6445:
6440:
6432:
6427:
6418:
6417:
6412:
6403:
6402:
6397:
6384:
6374:
6369:
6330:Colomys–Golunda
6311:
6289:
6247:
6196:T. callitrichus
6169:
6152:Bartels's rat (
6123:
6122:
6121:
6120:
6106:
6037:
5975:Arianus's rat (
5968:R. novaeguineae
5939:Cape York rat (
5860:
5802:
5769:R. simalurensis
5724:R. mollicomulus
5686:Koopman's rat (
5641:Ricefield rat (
5634:R. andamanensis
5623:Sunburned rat (
5607:
5599:Turkestan rat (
5565:
5523:R. morotaiensis
5503:Korinch's rat (
5485:Hainald's rat (
5443:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5430:
5408:
5386:
5380:P. armandvillei
5362:
5340:
5318:
5285:
5252:
5230:
5208:
5186:
5153:B. karokophilus
5099:
5057:
5011:
5010:
5009:
5008:
4998:
4961:
4960:
4959:
4958:
4948:
4926:
4882:
4875:
4829:
4814:
4799:
4766:
4741:
4739:Further reading
4736:
4735:
4721:
4720:
4716:
4706:
4705:
4701:
4694:
4677:
4676:
4672:
4657:
4634:
4625:
4624:
4613:
4593:
4592:
4577:
4558:
4547:
4536:
4532:
4525:
4496:
4495:
4488:
4478:
4463:
4462:
4458:
4451:
4438:
4437:
4428:
4419:
4417:
4408:
4407:
4403:
4393:
4391:
4377:
4376:
4372:
4355:
4351:
4342:
4340:
4327:
4326:
4322:
4312:
4310:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4285:
4283:
4274:
4273:
4269:
4259:
4257:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4233:
4231:
4222:
4221:
4217:
4207:
4205:
4196:
4195:
4191:
4181:
4179:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4155:
4153:
4144:
4143:
4139:
4105:
4104:
4100:
4091:
4089:
4081:
4080:
4076:
4067:
4065:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4042:
4040:
4031:
4030:
4026:
4016:
4014:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3990:
3988:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3964:
3962:
3953:
3952:
3948:
3939:
3937:
3929:
3928:
3924:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3903:
3899:
3889:
3887:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3811:
3807:
3797:
3795:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3771:
3769:
3756:
3755:
3751:
3742:
3740:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3717:
3715:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3688:
3686:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3661:
3659:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3635:
3633:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3610:
3608:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3585:
3583:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3555:
3553:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3529:
3527:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3504:
3502:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3474:
3472:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3449:
3447:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3424:
3422:
3413:
3412:
3408:
3399:
3397:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3338:
3337:
3328:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3300:
3296:
3286:
3284:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3260:
3258:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3239:
3235:
3226:
3224:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3205:on 3 July 2012.
3161:Current Biology
3154:
3153:
3149:
3139:
3137:
3130:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3110:
3108:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3056:
3055:
3051:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2883:
2882:
2875:
2867:
2865:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2841:
2839:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2816:
2814:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2744:
2742:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2719:
2717:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2476:
2474:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2450:
2448:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2366:
2364:
2357:RatBehavior.org
2351:
2350:
2346:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2208:10.1002/ps.1718
2189:
2188:
2184:
2174:
2172:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2145:
2143:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2121:
2119:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2097:
2096:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2050:
2048:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2030:
1998:
1946:
1940:
1898:science fiction
1873:human behaviors
1867:'s theories on
1808:Doctor Dolittle
1794:Charlotte's Web
1786:Edgar Allan Poe
1711:anthropomorphic
1692:
1686:
1678:inflatable rats
1645:Preston Sturges
1623:
1567:
1482:
1476:
1442:
1383:Breaksea Island
1335:
1333:
1251:
1192:
1095:
1089:through smell.
1058:
1052:
1040:
1034:
1014:
951:model organisms
910:behavioral sink
906:John B. Calhoun
886:aortic branches
803:
795:
747:
739:
719:vascular tissue
629:heat conduction
553:
516:Yersinia pestis
474:island endemics
449:; and infants,
395:
391:
388:
386:
318:
237:Simplicidentata
182:
142:
131:
125:
122:
79:
77:
67:
55:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6751:
6749:
6741:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6700:
6699:
6693:
6692:
6690:
6689:
6676:
6666:
6653:
6640:
6627:
6617:
6604:
6591:
6578:
6565:
6552:
6539:
6526:
6517:Fauna Europaea
6513:
6500:
6487:
6474:
6461:
6451:
6438:
6425:
6410:
6394:
6392:
6386:
6385:
6380:
6371:
6370:
6368:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6320:
6316:
6313:
6312:
6310:
6309:
6299:
6297:
6291:
6290:
6288:
6287:
6278:
6269:
6259:
6257:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6245:
6236:
6227:
6218:
6209:
6200:
6191:
6181:
6179:
6171:
6170:
6168:
6167:
6158:
6149:
6145:S. infraluteus
6140:
6130:
6128:
6112:
6111:
6108:
6107:
6105:
6104:
6095:
6086:
6077:
6068:
6059:
6042:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6035:
6026:
6017:
6008:
6004:R. richardsoni
5999:
5990:
5981:
5972:
5963:
5954:
5945:
5936:
5927:
5918:
5909:
5900:
5891:
5882:
5878:R. arfakiensis
5865:
5862:
5861:
5859:
5858:
5849:
5842:
5833:
5824:
5818:Bonthain rat (
5807:
5804:
5803:
5801:
5800:
5791:
5782:
5776:Tanezumi rat (
5773:
5764:
5755:
5746:
5737:
5731:Osgood's rat (
5728:
5719:
5715:R. mindorensis
5710:
5704:Mentawai rat (
5701:
5692:
5683:
5674:
5668:Nonsense rat (
5665:
5656:
5647:
5638:
5629:
5612:
5609:
5608:
5606:
5605:
5596:
5587:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5554:
5545:
5536:
5527:
5518:
5509:
5500:
5496:R. hoogerwerfi
5491:
5482:
5473:
5464:
5454:
5448:
5444:(Typical rats)
5432:
5431:
5429:
5428:
5418:
5416:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5406:
5396:
5394:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5384:
5374:
5372:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5360:
5350:
5348:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5328:
5326:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5307:
5297:
5295:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5283:
5274:
5264:
5262:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5240:
5238:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5228:
5218:
5216:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5206:
5196:
5194:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5175:
5166:
5157:
5148:
5139:
5130:
5126:B. chrysocomus
5121:
5111:
5109:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5088:
5079:
5069:
5067:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5055:
5046:
5037:
5028:
5018:
5016:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4987:
4978:
4974:B. bengalensis
4968:
4966:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4936:
4934:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4918:
4912:
4906:
4900:
4894:
4887:
4884:
4883:
4876:
4874:
4873:
4866:
4859:
4851:
4845:
4844:
4843:
4842:
4827:
4812:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4773:
4765:
4764:External links
4762:
4761:
4760:
4752:
4740:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4714:
4699:
4692:
4670:
4649:Monster Manual
4640:Jonathan Tweet
4636:Williams, Skip
4560:Allston, Aaron
4554:Monster Manual
4530:
4523:
4486:
4476:
4456:
4449:
4426:
4401:
4370:
4349:
4320:
4293:
4267:
4241:
4215:
4189:
4162:
4137:
4098:
4074:
4049:
4024:
3998:
3972:
3946:
3922:
3897:
3871:
3849:10.1086/515016
3822:
3805:
3778:
3749:
3724:
3695:
3669:
3643:
3617:
3592:
3562:
3536:
3511:
3481:
3456:
3431:
3406:
3380:
3351:(4): 325–340.
3326:
3307:
3294:
3268:
3257:. January 2017
3242:
3233:
3208:
3167:(6): 551–555.
3147:
3118:
3092:
3049:
3012:(5): 563–571.
2992:
2953:(4): 708–725.
2933:
2896:(5): 563–571.
2873:
2848:
2824:
2802:
2771:(2): 399–404.
2751:
2726:
2701:
2682:
2633:
2590:
2541:
2484:
2466:Grant, Karen.
2458:
2433:
2394:(11): e26357.
2374:
2344:
2325:(4): 543–548.
2309:
2266:
2225:
2222:on 2012-12-17.
2196:Pest Manag Sci
2182:
2171:on 24 May 2015
2152:
2128:
2104:
2087:
2057:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1997:
1994:
1952:", in which a
1942:Main article:
1939:
1938:The Pied Piper
1936:
1912:therianthropic
1905:Harry Harrison
1885:Homeward Bound
1863:, illustrates
1699:Imperial Japan
1685:
1682:
1622:
1619:
1566:
1563:
1520:Chinese zodiac
1509:Chuột rước đèn
1478:Main article:
1475:
1474:Asian cultures
1472:
1445:Ancient Romans
1441:
1438:
1332:
1331:Rat-free areas
1329:
1261:Edwin Landseer
1250:
1247:
1200:bubonic plague
1191:
1188:
1121:Bubonic Plague
1094:
1091:
1054:Main article:
1051:
1048:
1036:Main article:
1033:
1030:
1013:
1010:
983:aggressiveness
967:laboratory rat
937:adrenal glands
902:group behavior
801:Laboratory rat
799:Main article:
794:
791:
743:Main article:
738:
735:
661:center of mass
569:proprioception
552:
549:
541:Old World rats
482:Polynesian rat
317:
314:
250:
249:
244:
240:
239:
234:
230:
229:
224:
220:
219:
214:
210:
209:
204:
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
176:
175:
164:
163:
155:
154:
144:
143:
126:September 2019
58:
56:
49:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6750:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6733:Storage pests
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6705:
6703:
6686:
6681:
6677:
6673:
6667:
6663:
6658:
6654:
6650:
6645:
6641:
6637:
6632:
6628:
6624:
6618:
6614:
6609:
6605:
6601:
6596:
6592:
6588:
6583:
6579:
6575:
6570:
6566:
6562:
6557:
6553:
6549:
6544:
6540:
6536:
6531:
6527:
6523:
6518:
6514:
6510:
6505:
6501:
6497:
6492:
6488:
6484:
6479:
6475:
6471:
6466:
6462:
6458:
6452:
6448:
6443:
6439:
6435:
6430:
6426:
6421:
6415:
6411:
6406:
6400:
6396:
6395:
6393:
6391:
6387:
6383:
6378:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6317:
6314:
6308:
6306:
6301:
6300:
6298:
6296:
6292:
6286:
6284:
6283:T. orientalis
6279:
6277:
6275:
6270:
6268:
6266:
6261:
6260:
6258:
6256:
6255:
6250:
6244:
6242:
6239:Tondano rat (
6237:
6235:
6233:
6228:
6226:
6224:
6219:
6217:
6215:
6210:
6208:
6206:
6205:T. celebensis
6203:Celebes rat (
6201:
6199:
6197:
6192:
6190:
6188:
6185:Salokko rat (
6183:
6182:
6180:
6178:
6177:
6172:
6166:
6164:
6159:
6157:
6155:
6150:
6148:
6146:
6141:
6139:
6137:
6136:S. annandalei
6132:
6131:
6129:
6119:
6118:
6113:
6103:
6101:
6096:
6094:
6092:
6087:
6085:
6083:
6078:
6076:
6074:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6060:
6058:
6056:
6050:
6048:
6044:
6043:
6040:
6034:
6032:
6031:R. verecundus
6029:Slender rat (
6027:
6025:
6023:
6022:R. vandeuseni
6018:
6016:
6014:
6011:Stein's rat (
6009:
6007:
6005:
6002:Glacier rat (
6000:
5998:
5996:
5991:
5989:
5987:
5982:
5980:
5978:
5977:R. omichlodes
5973:
5971:
5969:
5964:
5962:
5960:
5955:
5953:
5951:
5948:Eastern rat (
5946:
5944:
5942:
5937:
5935:
5933:
5928:
5926:
5924:
5923:R. giluwensis
5919:
5917:
5915:
5910:
5908:
5906:
5901:
5899:
5897:
5892:
5890:
5888:
5883:
5881:
5879:
5873:
5871:
5867:
5866:
5863:
5857:
5855:
5850:
5848:
5847:
5843:
5841:
5839:
5834:
5832:
5830:
5829:R. marmosurus
5827:Opossum rat (
5825:
5823:
5821:
5815:
5813:
5809:
5808:
5805:
5799:
5797:
5796:R. tiomanicus
5792:
5790:
5788:
5783:
5781:
5779:
5774:
5772:
5770:
5767:Simalur rat (
5765:
5763:
5761:
5756:
5754:
5752:
5747:
5745:
5743:
5738:
5736:
5734:
5729:
5727:
5725:
5720:
5718:
5716:
5711:
5709:
5707:
5702:
5700:
5698:
5693:
5691:
5689:
5684:
5682:
5680:
5675:
5673:
5671:
5666:
5664:
5662:
5657:
5655:
5653:
5648:
5646:
5644:
5639:
5637:
5635:
5630:
5628:
5626:
5620:
5618:
5614:
5613:
5610:
5604:
5602:
5597:
5595:
5593:
5592:R. norvegicus
5588:
5586:
5584:
5578:
5576:
5575:R. norvegicus
5572:
5571:
5568:
5562:
5560:
5559:R. timorensis
5555:
5553:
5551:
5548:Andaman rat (
5546:
5544:
5542:
5537:
5535:
5533:
5528:
5526:
5524:
5519:
5517:
5515:
5510:
5508:
5506:
5501:
5499:
5497:
5492:
5490:
5488:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5474:
5472:
5470:
5465:
5463:
5461:
5458:Enggano rat (
5456:
5455:
5452:
5449:
5439:
5438:
5433:
5427:
5425:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5415:
5411:
5405:
5403:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5393:
5389:
5383:
5381:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5370:
5365:
5359:
5357:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5343:
5337:
5335:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5315:
5313:
5308:
5306:
5304:
5299:
5298:
5296:
5294:
5293:
5288:
5282:
5280:
5275:
5273:
5271:
5270:L. bryophilus
5266:
5265:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5255:
5249:
5247:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5233:
5227:
5225:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5215:
5211:
5205:
5203:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5193:
5189:
5183:
5181:
5176:
5174:
5172:
5167:
5165:
5163:
5158:
5156:
5154:
5149:
5147:
5145:
5140:
5138:
5136:
5131:
5129:
5127:
5122:
5120:
5118:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5102:
5096:
5094:
5089:
5087:
5085:
5080:
5078:
5076:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5060:
5054:
5052:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5042:B. mackenziei
5038:
5036:
5034:
5029:
5027:
5025:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5007:
5006:
5001:
4995:
4993:
4988:
4986:
4984:
4979:
4977:
4975:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4957:
4956:
4951:
4945:
4943:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4933:
4929:
4923:
4919:
4917:
4913:
4911:
4907:
4905:
4901:
4899:
4895:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4885:
4880:
4872:
4867:
4865:
4860:
4858:
4853:
4852:
4849:
4839:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4824:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4809:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4797:
4794:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4750:
4746:
4743:
4742:
4738:
4729:
4725:
4718:
4715:
4710:
4703:
4700:
4695:
4693:1-56504-428-2
4689:
4685:
4681:
4674:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4662:
4655:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4631:
4630:
4622:
4621:
4616:
4615:Stewart, Doug
4610:
4606:
4602:
4601:
4596:
4590:
4586:
4585:
4584:Night Howlers
4580:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4531:
4526:
4524:0-8803-8738-6
4520:
4517:
4513:
4512:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4493:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4473:
4469:
4468:
4460:
4457:
4452:
4446:
4442:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4427:
4416:on 2013-05-20
4415:
4411:
4405:
4402:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4374:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4353:
4350:
4339:on 2019-02-02
4338:
4334:
4330:
4324:
4321:
4308:
4304:
4297:
4294:
4281:
4277:
4271:
4268:
4255:
4251:
4245:
4242:
4229:
4225:
4219:
4216:
4203:
4199:
4193:
4190:
4177:
4173:
4166:
4163:
4152:
4148:
4141:
4138:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4102:
4099:
4088:
4084:
4078:
4075:
4064:
4060:
4053:
4050:
4039:
4035:
4028:
4025:
4012:
4008:
4002:
3999:
3986:
3982:
3976:
3973:
3960:
3956:
3950:
3947:
3936:
3932:
3926:
3923:
3907:
3901:
3898:
3885:
3881:
3875:
3872:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3826:
3823:
3820:(3), 303–309.
3819:
3815:
3809:
3806:
3793:
3789:
3782:
3779:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3753:
3750:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3725:
3714:on 2015-08-21
3713:
3709:
3705:
3699:
3696:
3684:
3680:
3673:
3670:
3658:
3654:
3647:
3644:
3632:. 13 Oct 2020
3631:
3627:
3621:
3618:
3606:
3602:
3596:
3593:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3566:
3563:
3551:
3548:. Bloomberg.
3547:
3540:
3537:
3525:
3521:
3515:
3512:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3485:
3482:
3470:
3466:
3460:
3457:
3445:
3441:
3435:
3432:
3420:
3416:
3410:
3407:
3396:on 2012-09-22
3395:
3391:
3384:
3381:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3322:
3318:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3301:Lashley, K.,
3298:
3295:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3269:
3256:
3252:
3246:
3243:
3237:
3234:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3151:
3148:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3119:
3106:
3102:
3096:
3093:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3053:
3050:
3045:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2996:
2993:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2937:
2934:
2929:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2863:
2859:
2852:
2849:
2838:
2834:
2828:
2825:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2755:
2752:
2741:on 2007-02-17
2740:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2686:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2606:(1): 94–102.
2605:
2601:
2594:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2561:(4): 457–75.
2560:
2556:
2552:
2545:
2542:
2537:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2488:
2485:
2473:
2469:
2462:
2459:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2429:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2378:
2375:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2313:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2282:(3): 221–70.
2281:
2277:
2270:
2267:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2186:
2183:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2100:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2058:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1945:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1865:Henri Laborit
1862:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1827:Rizzo the Rat
1824:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1811:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1795:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1714:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1611:
1610:animal rights
1607:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1571:interjections
1564:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1551:reincarnation
1548:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1521:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1498:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1462:, there is a
1461:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1274:Rattus rattus
1270:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1216:New York City
1213:
1209:
1208:leptospirosis
1205:
1201:
1197:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1181:
1180:San Francisco
1177:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1144:New York City
1141:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1127:. Still, the
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1085:and diagnose
1084:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1066:, acting and
1065:
1060:
1057:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1039:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1003:
999:
996:Entirely new
994:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
963:knockout rats
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
921:
919:
915:
914:metacognition
911:
907:
903:
898:
894:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
868:to the human
867:
863:
862:aortic arches
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
839:physiological
836:
832:
828:
820:
816:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
790:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
734:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
699:
693:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
666:
662:
658:
654:
648:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
622:
621:Rattus rattus
617:
613:
611:
607:
606:integumentary
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
578:
574:
570:
566:
557:
550:
548:
546:
542:
537:
534:
532:
528:
524:
523:
518:
517:
512:
508:
507:
506:Campylobacter
502:
501:
496:
495:
490:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
420:bandicoot rat
417:
416:kangaroo rats
413:
409:
405:
400:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
363:Rattus rattus
360:
356:
348:
344:
343:
342:Rattus rattus
337:
331:
327:
322:
315:
313:
311:
310:taxonomically
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
286:
284:
283:
278:
277:
273:(pack rats),
272:
271:
266:
265:
260:
256:
248:
245:
242:
241:
238:
235:
232:
231:
228:
225:
222:
221:
218:
215:
212:
211:
208:
205:
202:
201:
198:
195:
192:
191:
186:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
156:
151:
148:
140:
137:
129:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87: –
86:
82:
81:Find sources:
75:
71:
65:
64:
59:This article
57:
53:
48:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
6389:
6304:
6294:
6282:
6274:T. echinatus
6273:
6264:
6252:
6240:
6231:
6222:
6213:
6204:
6195:
6186:
6174:
6162:
6153:
6144:
6135:
6115:
6099:
6090:
6081:
6073:R. lutreolus
6072:
6063:
6054:
6046:
6045:
6030:
6021:
6012:
6003:
5994:
5985:
5976:
5967:
5958:
5949:
5940:
5932:R. jobiensis
5931:
5922:
5921:Giluwe rat (
5913:
5905:R. elaphinus
5904:
5895:
5886:
5877:
5869:
5868:
5854:R. xanthurus
5853:
5844:
5837:
5836:Peleng rat (
5828:
5819:
5812:R. xanthurus
5811:
5810:
5795:
5786:
5777:
5768:
5759:
5750:
5741:
5732:
5723:
5714:
5705:
5696:
5687:
5679:R. hoffmanni
5678:
5669:
5661:R. blangorum
5660:
5652:R. baluensis
5651:
5650:Summit rat (
5642:
5633:
5632:Sikkim rat (
5624:
5616:
5615:
5600:
5591:
5582:
5574:
5573:
5558:
5549:
5540:
5532:R. ranjiniae
5531:
5530:Kerala rat (
5522:
5513:
5504:
5495:
5486:
5477:
5468:
5459:
5435:
5423:
5413:
5402:P. dominator
5401:
5391:
5379:
5367:
5355:
5345:
5334:N. ceramicus
5333:
5323:
5311:
5302:
5290:
5278:
5269:
5257:
5246:K. rintjanus
5245:
5244:Komodo rat (
5235:
5223:
5214:Kadarsanomys
5213:
5201:
5191:
5179:
5170:
5161:
5152:
5144:B. fratrorum
5143:
5135:B. coelestis
5134:
5125:
5116:
5104:
5093:B. luzonicus
5092:
5083:
5074:
5073:Bagobo rat (
5062:
5051:B. manipulus
5050:
5041:
5032:
5024:B. berdmorei
5023:
5003:
4991:
4982:
4973:
4953:
4941:
4931:
4908:Superorder:
4835:
4820:
4805:
4755:
4727:
4717:
4708:
4702:
4686:p. 92.
4679:
4673:
4659:
4647:
4627:
4623:(TSR, 1993).
4618:
4598:
4582:
4576:(TSR, 1991).
4571:
4557:(TSR, 1977).
4552:
4546:(TSR, 1975).
4541:
4533:
4509:
4502:Steve Winter
4481:
4466:
4459:
4440:
4418:. Retrieved
4414:the original
4404:
4392:. Retrieved
4388:the original
4383:
4373:
4357:
4352:
4341:. Retrieved
4337:the original
4332:
4323:
4311:. Retrieved
4296:
4284:. Retrieved
4280:the original
4270:
4258:. Retrieved
4254:the original
4244:
4232:. Retrieved
4228:the original
4218:
4206:. Retrieved
4192:
4180:. Retrieved
4165:
4154:. Retrieved
4150:
4140:
4115:
4111:
4101:
4090:. Retrieved
4086:
4077:
4066:. Retrieved
4062:
4052:
4041:. Retrieved
4037:
4027:
4015:. Retrieved
4011:the original
4001:
3989:. Retrieved
3975:
3963:. Retrieved
3959:the original
3949:
3938:. Retrieved
3934:
3925:
3913:. Retrieved
3900:
3888:. Retrieved
3874:
3839:
3835:
3825:
3817:
3814:ILAR journal
3813:
3808:
3796:. Retrieved
3792:the original
3781:
3770:. Retrieved
3761:
3752:
3741:. Retrieved
3736:
3727:
3716:. Retrieved
3712:the original
3707:
3698:
3687:. Retrieved
3672:
3660:. Retrieved
3656:
3646:
3634:. Retrieved
3629:
3620:
3609:. Retrieved
3595:
3584:. Retrieved
3575:
3565:
3554:. Retrieved
3539:
3528:. Retrieved
3514:
3503:. Retrieved
3495:The Guardian
3494:
3484:
3473:. Retrieved
3459:
3448:. Retrieved
3434:
3423:. Retrieved
3409:
3398:. Retrieved
3394:the original
3383:
3348:
3344:
3320:
3316:
3310:
3302:
3297:
3285:. Retrieved
3271:
3259:. Retrieved
3254:
3245:
3236:
3225:. Retrieved
3211:
3203:the original
3164:
3160:
3150:
3138:. Retrieved
3134:
3121:
3109:. Retrieved
3104:
3095:
3065:(1): 74–81.
3062:
3058:
3052:
3009:
3005:
2995:
2950:
2946:
2936:
2893:
2889:
2866:, retrieved
2861:
2851:
2840:. Retrieved
2836:
2827:
2815:. Retrieved
2805:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2743:. Retrieved
2739:the original
2729:
2718:. Retrieved
2704:
2695:
2691:
2685:
2659:10.3791/2176
2653:(41): 2176.
2650:
2646:
2636:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2558:
2554:
2544:
2501:
2497:
2487:
2475:. Retrieved
2471:
2461:
2449:. Retrieved
2445:
2436:
2391:
2387:
2377:
2365:. Retrieved
2356:
2347:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2242:
2238:
2228:
2220:the original
2202:(4): 351–2.
2199:
2195:
2185:
2173:. Retrieved
2169:the original
2164:
2155:
2144:. Retrieved
2141:www.itis.gov
2140:
2131:
2120:. Retrieved
2117:www.gbif.org
2116:
2107:
2098:
2078:. Retrieved
2070:Live Science
2069:
2060:
2049:. Retrieved
2045:
2036:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1962:Black Plague
1947:
1929:
1923:
1909:
1883:
1877:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1838:
1820:
1814:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1792:
1790:
1779:
1773:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1723:
1717:
1715:
1708:
1703:World War II
1674:trade unions
1671:
1648:
1630:
1624:
1603:
1599:rats as pets
1574:
1568:
1536:
1517:
1508:
1480:Rat (zodiac)
1457:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1434:
1418:Saskatchewan
1414:
1403:
1387:
1364:
1349:
1312:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1252:
1243:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1193:
1184:
1169:
1159:
1133:
1110:
1096:
1087:tuberculosis
1081:) to detect
1061:
1059:
1050:Working rats
1041:
1015:
1005:
995:
987:adaptability
975:intelligence
945:
922:
899:
895:
859:
824:
796:
787:
760:
755:domesticated
740:
696:
694:
649:
626:
620:
601:
562:
538:
535:
520:
514:
504:
498:
492:
486:
463:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
436:
431:
423:
403:
401:
370:
362:
352:
340:
305:
301:
287:
280:
274:
268:
262:
254:
253:
171:
147:
132:
123:
113:
106:
99:
92:
80:
68:Please help
63:verification
60:
43:
6556:iNaturalist
6414:Wikispecies
6265:T. apoensis
6232:T. punicans
6187:T. arcuatus
6163:S. muelleri
6082:R. sordidus
6064:R. fuscipes
6055:R. colletti
6053:Dusky rat (
6047:R. fuscipes
5993:Spiny rat (
5941:R. leucopus
5930:Japen rat (
5914:R. feliceus
5896:R. detentus
5887:R. arrogans
5870:R. leucopus
5820:R. bontanus
5778:R. tanezumi
5749:Black rat (
5742:R. palmarum
5688:R. koopmani
5601:R. pyctoris
5590:Brown rat (
5557:Timor rat (
5514:R. montanus
5512:Nillu rat (
5505:R. korinchi
5487:R. hainaldi
5469:R. everetti
5346:Palawanomys
5332:Ceram rat (
5279:L. sibuanus
5171:B. prolatus
5117:B. andrewsi
4942:A. latidens
4749:non-fiction
4632:(251). TSR.
4579:Dupuis, Ann
4568:Jon Pickens
4549:Gygax, Gary
4538:Gygax, Gary
4506:Jon Pickens
3915:16 February
3890:17 February
3630:PR Newswire
3417:. Ted.com.
3287:17 February
2555:Temperature
2442:"Rat Tails"
2022:Rodentology
2012:Rat-baiting
1986:pied-piping
1964:, in which
1954:rat-catcher
1931:Anita Blake
1903:written by
1861:French film
1859:"), a 1980
1845:Roger Ebert
1840:Ratatouille
1831:The Muppets
1621:Terminology
1606:experiments
1583:Black Death
1460:Isle of Man
1453:mus minimus
1449:mus maximus
1426:rodenticide
1365:As part of
1356:Bird Island
1204:Lassa fever
1176:Los Angeles
1165:rat catcher
1125:Middle Ages
1117:bamboo rats
1056:Working rat
880:, and left
727:nocifensive
703:pathologies
674:fibroblasts
653:innervation
637:vascularity
610:pathologies
573:nocifensive
545:Pleistocene
527:Middle Ages
511:Black Death
324:A rat in a
296:of a large
294:common name
6723:Scavengers
6702:Categories
6305:T. adustus
6214:T. hamatus
6091:R. tunneyi
6062:Bush rat (
5995:R. praetor
5986:R. pococki
5903:Sula rat (
5846:R. salocco
5838:R. pelurus
5760:R. satarae
5740:Palm rat (
5733:R. osgoodi
5659:Aceh rat (
5625:R. adustus
5583:R. nitidus
5550:R. stoicus
5478:R. exulans
5460:R. enganus
5202:D. legatus
5192:Diplothrix
5180:B. torajae
5162:B. penitus
5075:B. bagobus
5033:B. bowersi
4992:B. savilei
4728:BBC Travel
4644:Monte Cook
4595:Swan, Rick
4420:2012-09-24
4394:October 8,
4343:2019-02-01
4286:18 October
4260:18 October
4234:18 October
4182:21 January
4156:2024-03-10
4092:2024-03-10
4068:2024-03-10
4043:2024-03-10
4017:17 January
3991:17 January
3965:17 January
3940:2024-03-10
3798:8 February
3772:2016-10-31
3743:2019-12-05
3718:2015-08-23
3689:2015-08-23
3611:2014-11-24
3586:2013-03-15
3556:2017-01-18
3530:2013-03-15
3505:2013-03-15
3497:. London.
3475:2013-03-15
3450:2013-03-15
3425:2012-09-24
3400:2012-09-24
3227:2012-09-24
2947:Pediatrics
2868:2024-04-09
2842:2024-04-09
2817:13 October
2745:2006-11-24
2720:2009-07-04
2165:ABC.net.au
2146:2024-03-10
2122:2024-03-10
2051:2021-09-23
2028:References
1966:black rats
1910:Wererats,
1822:Doctor Rat
1738:Botticelli
1688:See also:
1440:In culture
1352:Antarctica
1321:birth rate
1317:omnivorous
1227:dermatitis
1220:SARS-CoV-2
1212:Hantavirus
1018:"g factor"
1002:Wistar rat
991:psychology
979:drug abuse
947:Brown rats
811:Zucker rat
767:black rats
731:acute pain
575:-mediated
494:Leptospira
478:endangered
470:commensals
365:) and the
233:Mirorder:
96:newspapers
6295:Tryphomys
6241:T. taerae
6013:R. steini
5950:R. mordax
5751:R. rattus
5706:R. lugens
5670:R. burrus
5617:R. rattus
5541:R. sanila
5392:Paruromys
5369:Papagomys
5356:P. furvus
5324:Nesoromys
5312:N. indica
5303:N. bunnii
5236:Komodomys
4983:B. indica
4955:Bandicota
4932:Abditomys
4890:Kingdom:
4516:TSR, Inc.
4124:0110-6465
4118:: 23–32.
3858:1058-4838
3026:0021-8782
2967:0031-4005
2910:0021-8782
2698:: 514–17.
2518:0022-3077
2304:205694138
1663:informant
1637:informant
1410:pack rats
1313:True rats
1306:wharf rat
1302:brown rat
1279:black rat
1156:Manhattan
1113:rat flood
1083:landmines
825:In 1895,
763:brown rat
745:Fancy rat
711:bacterial
698:degloving
602:degloving
582:Sciuridae
577:degloving
551:Rat tails
412:pack rats
402:The term
375:Old World
367:brown rat
359:black rat
330:Vancouver
282:Dipodomys
276:Bandicota
203:Kingdom:
197:Eukaryota
168:Brown rat
6587:13001727
6454:BioLib:
6399:Wikidata
6319:See also
6254:Tarsomys
6176:Taeromys
6117:Sundamys
5959:R. niobe
5697:R. losea
5414:Paulamys
5259:Limnomys
5224:K. sodyi
5084:B. gamay
5064:Bullimus
5005:Berylmys
4920:Family:
4916:Rodentia
4904:Mammalia
4898:Chordate
4896:Phylum:
4892:Animalia
4881:(Rattus)
4668:, 2003).
4603:(#192).
4591:, 1992).
4313:8 August
4307:Archived
4208:8 August
4202:Archived
4176:Archived
4132:24053177
3985:Archived
3884:Archived
3766:Archived
3683:Archived
3657:The Hill
3605:Archived
3580:Archived
3550:Archived
3524:Archived
3499:Archived
3469:Archived
3444:Archived
3419:Archived
3375:28981308
3281:Archived
3261:April 9,
3221:Archived
3199:17346969
3140:April 9,
3111:April 9,
3087:30325002
3044:20345858
2987:Archived
2983:46479766
2975:15417271
2928:20345858
2797:21637698
2714:Archived
2677:20729800
2628:40356618
2620:25346299
2585:27227066
2536:28814636
2428:22073158
2388:PLOS ONE
2361:Archived
2296:19548807
2216:19206089
2074:Archived
2017:Rat king
1996:See also
1934:series.
1916:werewolf
1770:Room 101
1743:The Rats
1543:Deshnoke
1430:warfarin
1392:for the
1287:stowaway
1283:ship rat
1196:zoonotic
1093:As pests
1064:demining
1038:Rat meat
989:. Their
959:SNP chip
918:primates
847:diseases
843:genetics
815:diabetes
723:avulsion
707:shedding
690:cortical
678:collagen
590:muscular
571:, and a
567:, minor
489:zoonotic
459:mischief
357:are the
308:are not
247:Rodentia
227:Mammalia
217:Chordata
213:Phylum:
207:Animalia
193:Domain:
6718:Rodents
6672:4327163
6548:2439223
6154:S. maxi
5424:P. naso
5292:Nesokia
5106:Bunomys
4922:Muridae
4914:Order:
4902:Class:
4879:Murinae
4840:. 1920.
4810:. 1905.
4747:, is a
4656:, 2000.
4174:. BBC.
4038:Reuters
3866:9868661
3737:epa.gov
3366:5646700
3323:: 1–70.
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