264:, the French Legion of Honor, with the rank of knight. Established in 1802 by Napoleon Bonaparte, it is the highest decoration bestowed in France and recognizes outstanding service to the French Republic. He is the recipient of numerous other awards, including: the Bruce Witte (Blumberg) Annual Distinguished Award- Hepatitis B Foundation (2000);</ref> Distinguished Scientist Award- Hepatitis B Foundation (2006); Emory University's Dean's Distinguished Faculty Lecture and Award (2008); Inductee- Technology Hall of Fame of Georgia (2011); Intellectual Property Legends Award- Georgia State University (2012); Charter Fellow- National Academy of Inventors (2013); Distinguished Medical Science Award- Friends of the National Library of Medicine (2013);</ref> Distinguished Scientific Achievement Award- American Liver Foundation (2014); Research & Hope Award for Excellence in Academic Research- PhRMA Foundation (2014); William S. Middleton Award- US Veterans Affairs (2015); Tom Glaser Leadership Award- Connexx Eagle Star Awards (2015); Lifetime Achievement Award- Scrip Award, London (2016); Lifetime Achievement Award for Public Service- Institute of Human Virology (2016).
197:(FTC), subsequently resulting in a potent, safe nucleoside analog commonly used in treatment regimens. The discovery of FTC was first published in 1992 in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy as another new anti-HIV compound. The mechanism of action of FTC is by incorporation of FTC-TP into the growing viral DNA strand results in chain termination, disrupting viral DNA synthesis. Disruption of this process results in rapid reduction of systemic viral loads to undetectable in HIV-infected individuals, effectively allowing for significant rebound of CD4+ T-cells, effectively providing a tandem mechanism resulting in control of systemic viremia and restoration of functional immunity.
174:(Emory) and Schinazi. In 1992, they first published on lamivudine (3TC) in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. This drug became one of the most successful antiviral agents used to combat HIV as part of fixed-dose combinations (including Combivir, Trizivir, Epzicom, and Triumeq). Combination therapies incorporating 3TC quickly became the standard of care, with safe and effective nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RF) inhibitors, such as 3TC and its related cousins, serving as the cornerstones of combination chemotherapy. 3TC was also found to be active against HBV in collaboration with Drs. Dennis Liotta, Philip Furman and Yung-Chi Cheng.
232:
HCV". However, even “fully accepting Idenix’s view of the evidence,” it was the company
Schinazi founded, Pharmasset, not Idenix, that synthesized the key “compound that led to a cure for HCV.”. Even accepting that Idenix discovered a component of the compound, the cure for HCV was discovered only after Pharmasset/Gilead's ”revolutionary refinement of that invention.” Patent law, according to the order, reflects a balance between protection “and the importance of facilitating the imitation and refinement through imitation that are necessary to invention itself and the very lifeblood of a competitive economy.”
204:(Truvada) was approved as a prophylactic drug (part of PrEP) to prevent transmission of HIV, further broadening its use beyond HIV-positive people to that of prophylaxis, underscoring a novel and previously unmet need with ramifications for global health worldwide. Today, this drug is widely used as part of fixed-dose combination drug regimens, including Truvada, Atripla, Complera, Stribild, Descovy, Genvoya, Odefsey, Descovy, Biktarvy, and Symtuza. Like 3TC, FTC was found to be active against HBV, but was never approved for this indication by the US FDA.
269:
154:
attention towards the problem. He was able to translate his knowledge gained through his work on the herpes viruses towards addressing HIV and HBV. He is credited for setting up the first-ever HIV laboratory at Emory
University complete with a protocol on how to handle the dangerous virus in the laboratory setting so he and his team could pursue the development of novel antiviral drugs. In 1987, he helped Prusoff's laboratory discover that d4T, a nucleoside analog, had selective activity against HIV.
270:
https://www.linkedin.com/comm/feed/update/urn%3Ali%3Aactivity%3A7095106988258308096?midToken=AQFWcWc1Z4SzIg&midSig=0vhYSMs6SecGU1&trk=eml-email_notification_single_mentioned_you_in_this_01-notifications-1-hero~card~feed&trkEmail=eml-email_notification_single_mentioned_you_in_this_01-notifications-1-hero~card~feed-null-les7~ll4250kv~2q-null-voyagerOffline&lipi=urn%3Ali%3Apage%3Aemail_email_notification_single_mentioned_you_in_this_01%3B88Z45snOTeSqTd3iTz%2FYsg%3D%3D
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Schinazi is best known for his involvement in the discovery and development of innovative anti-HIV, HBV, and HCV drugs on the market. To date, he has been involved in the development of five FDA-approved drugs of which three are used in eight different drug combinations. More than 94% of HIV-positive
235:
In 2014, Schinazi, working with the
Egyptian government and Gilead Sciences, agreed to provide Egypt with the drug Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi) for about US$ 1,000, which is only one percent of its market price. Also working with Pharco, an Egyptian Pharmaceutical company Sovaldi is now available for less
231:
In litigation between Idenix and Gilead/Pharmasset, there was an Order denying Idenix's motion for enhanced damages where the court noted that
Schinazi "violated his confidentialy obligations to Idenix, and shared with Pharmasset scientists Idenix's proprietary discoveries relating to treatment of
267:
He also received the
Intellectual Property Legends Award and is a charter fellow of the National Academy of Inventors, was inducted into the Technology Hall of Fame of Georgia, and the Georgia Biomedical Industry Growth Award. In 2023, Schinazi and colleagues received the "Deal of the Year" award
227:
Schinazi's contribution to the discovery of sofosbuvir is contentious. He is the co-author of a 2005 paper that discovered a precursor to the drug. Jean-Pierre
Sommadossi, a principal founder of Idenix and a co-founder of Pharmasset, is a former business partner who no longer speaks to Schinazi.
153:
He began his work as a herpes virologist with a specific focus on developing drug therapeutics for orolabial and genital herpes and severe life-threatening infections like herpes encephalitis. When HIV was identified as a virus in the 1980s, Schinazi and his fellow researchers directed their
220:. The name Pharmasset was derived from 'pharmaceutical assets' and the original business plan was to create assets that would be sold to other companies. The company raised around $ 45M in its 2007 IPO at $ 9 per share. It would later be taken over at $ 137 per share. In November 2011,
137:
Schinazi is currently the
Frances Winship Walters Professor of Pediatrics, Director of the Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, and co-director of the HIV Cure Scientific Working Group within the NIH-sponsored Emory University Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) in
833:, Dennis C. Liotta; Raymond F. Schinazi & Woo-Baeg Choi, "Method of resolution and antiviral activity of 1,3-oxathiolane nucleoside enantiomers", published 2004-09-02, issued 008-12-23, assigned to Emory University
852:, Dennis C. Liotta; Raymond F. Schinazi & Woo-Baeg Choi, "Method of resolution and antiviral activity of 1,3-oxathiolane nucleoside enantiomers", published 2004-02-26, assigned to Emory University
1044:, Raymond F. Schinazi; John W. Mellors & Dennis C. Liotta, "HIV-1 mutations selected for by β-2′,3′-didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxy-5-fluorocytidine", published October 3, 2006, issued October 3, 2006
97:
in 1968. He received his BSc in chemistry in 1972, and remained at Bath to complete his PhD in 1976. In 2006 he was awarded an honorary doctorate in
Biotechnology from the University of Bath. In 1976, he moved to
69:, and other emerging viruses. These treatment options include antiviral agents as well as synthetic, biochemical, pharmacological and molecular genetic approaches, including molecular modeling and gene therapy.
1373:"Hepatitis B Foundation Presents Distinguished Scientist Award 2006 to Emory University Professor Dr. Raymond F. Schinazi, a Pioneer in Antiviral Drug Discovery Research for HIV and Hepatitis B"
150:(Miami, Florida). He worked part-time for the Emory University affiliated Atlanta VA for 35 years while maintaining his Emory University appointment, retiring from the VA in 2016.
1162:
944:"Selective inhibition of human immunodeficiency viruses by racemates and enantiomers of cis-5-fluoro-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]cytosine"
158:
people take at least one of the drugs he invented. He has authored more than 550 peer-reviewed papers in academic literature with over 20,000 total citations.
1137:
93:, Italy as refugees. Schinazi went to boarding school in England where he completed his early education, before being admitted as an undergraduate at the
903:
1523:
1632:
716:"Activities of the four optical isomers of 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (BCH-189) against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in human lymphocytes"
1672:
41:. He has expertise in antiviral agents, pharmacology, and biotechnology. His research focuses on developing treatments for infections caused by
1574:
497:
445:"Atlanta Pediatric Research - Raymond Schinazi, PhD, DSc - Faculty - People - Emory + Children's + GT - Atlanta Pediatric Research Alliance"
1637:
1487:"American Liver Foundation awards Emory inventor with Distinguished Scientific Achievement Award | Emory University | Atlanta GA"
871:
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763:
991:
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Schinazi, R F; McMillan, A; Cannon, D; Mathis, R; Lloyd, R M; Peck, A; Sommadossi, J P; St Clair, M; Wilson, J; Furman, P A (1992).
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Schinazi, R F; Chu, C K; Peck, A; McMillan, A; Mathis, R; Cannon, D; Jeong, L S; Beach, J W; Choi, W B; Yeola, S (1992).
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than US$ 120 per cure. In Egypt, there is currently a total of around 12 million
Egyptians infected with hepatitis C.
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1443:"Wagner, Schinazi named National Academy of Inventors Charter Fellows | Emory University | Atlanta GA"
142:. He has served at Emory University for 39 years since 1978. He also holds Adjunct Professor positions at both
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Among the first drugs discovered and developed for treatment of HIV came through the collaboration between
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1086:"Treatment of HIV by administration of β-D-2′, 3′-didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxy-5-fluorocytidine (D4FC)"
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611:"American Liver Foundation awards Emory inventor with Distinguished Scientific Achievement Award"
554:
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1061:"Antiviral activity and resolution of 2-hydroxymethyl-5-(5-fluorocytosin-1-yl)-1,3-oxathiolane"
1017:"Antiviral activity and resolution of 2-hydroxymethyl-5-(5-fluorocytosin-1-yl)-1,3-oxathiolane"
1505:"Raymond Schinazi, drug-development pioneer, earns VA's highest honor for biomedical research"
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from Emory's Office of
Technology Transfer for their licensing agreement with Phizer, Inc. (
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1613: (UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF DELAWARE September 22, 2017).
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1321:"Emory HIV/AIDS drug inventor, entrepreneur decorated with French Legion of Honor"
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Schinazi has also had a hand in the development of the other FDA-approved drugs
66:
50:
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1550:"Institute of Human Virology honors Schinazi with Lifetime Achievement Awards"
217:
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918:"Emory University signs $ 525 million agreement with Gilead, Royalty Pharma"
917:
764:"At gathering of HIV/AIDS pioneers, raw memories mix with current conflicts"
351:"Egyptian-born hep C drug inventor meets health minister - Politics - Egypt"
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announced a takeover bid for Pharmasset for approximately $ 11.4 billion.
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102:'s department of pharmacology and trained as a postdoctoral fellow with
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379:"Raymond Schinazi fled Nasser's Egypt to become pioneer in antivirals"
90:
54:
498:"Where There's A Cure There's Controversy: Raymond Schinazi's Story"
193:
Schinazi's work led to the discovery of a second nucleoside analog,
1247:"Gilead's Patent Loss to Merck Started With a Broken Friendship"
62:
37:. He is the Frances Winship Walters Professor of Pediatrics at
1163:"Gilead Sciences to Acquire Pharmasset, Inc. for $ 11 Billion"
555:"Division of Infectious Diseases at Miller School of Medicine"
1524:"Industry's Achievements Lauded At 12th Annual Scrip Awards"
109:
He also completed postdoctoral trainings in virology at the
492:
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992:"A to Z of antiretroviral drugs - Emtricitabine (Emtriva)"
866:
864:
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791:"The renaissance of fixed dose combinations: Combivir"
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United States Expired - Fee Related US7115584B2
125:, and virology/immunology at Emory University with
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284:Triangle Pharmaceuticals, which was taken over by
1138:"Gilead could have had Pharmasset cheap: founder"
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216:, a company that would later go on to develop
27:American organic medicinal chemist (born 1950)
1461:"Friends of the National Library of Medicine"
212:In 2004, Schinazi was one of the founders of
85:. In 1962, his family was sequestered by the
8:
33:(born 21 March 1950) is an Egyptian organic
585:"Emory Virologist Raymond Schinazi Honored"
304:. RFS are the initials of Schinazi's name.
178:Discovery and development of emtricitabine
1400:"Emory School of Medicine - Dean's Letter"
831:U.S. Expired - Fee Related US7468436B2
470:"CFAR - HIV Cure Scientific Working Group"
1222:
967:
806:
795:Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management
739:
1606:Idenix Pharms. LLC v. Gilead Scis., Inc.
77:Schinazi was born on March 21, 1950, in
1379:(Press release). Doylestown, PA. SBWIRE
525:"UGA Center for Drug Discovery Faculty"
345:
343:
314:
1548:Korschun, Holly (September 22, 2016).
1112:"The Drug That Is Bankrupting America"
902:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
895:
789:Portsmouth, S. D; Scott, C. J (2007).
665:"Raymond F Schinazi's Publons profile"
293:Idenix Pharmaceuticals, taken over by
89:regime and in 1964 they immigrated to
948:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
720:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
290:Pharmasset, also taken over by Gilead
200:In addition, FTC in combination with
7:
1319:Korschun, Holly (December 4, 2018).
1398:Lawley, Thomas J. MD (April 2008).
1136:Berkrot, Bill (November 22, 2011).
636:Prusoff, William (March 19, 2001).
25:
1110:Sachs, Jeffrey (April 18, 2015).
323:"Yerkes -- Raymond Schinazi, PhD"
280:Schinazi has been a founder of:
1633:Alumni of the University of Bath
1522:Scrip Team (November 30, 2016).
1371:Farley, Peggy (March 22, 2006).
376:Cookson, Clive (July 27, 2014).
262:Chevalier de la Légion d’honneur
260:In 2018, Schinazi received the
1673:21st-century American chemists
300:RFS Pharma, which merged with
1:
1581:(Press release). June 9, 2014
202:tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
162:Discovery and development of
1224:10.1126/science.348.6235.622
850:U.S. Expired US7160999B2
119:University of North Carolina
43:human immunodeficiency virus
1638:Egyptian emigrants to Italy
1699:
1643:21st-century Egyptian Jews
1346:"Bio/Med Investor Network"
1575:"Merck to Acquire Idenix"
1528:Scrip Pharma Intelligence
502:Scrip.pharmamedtechbi.com
1663:Emory University faculty
1307:C.A. No. 14-846-LPS 2017
1295:C.A. No. 14-846-LPS 2017
1283:C.A. No. 14-846-LPS 2017
1271:C.A. No. 14-846-LPS 2017
73:Early life and education
638:"The Scientist's Story"
523:Creations, Plexus Web.
1658:Gilead Sciences people
1653:People from Alexandria
960:10.1128/AAC.36.11.2423
559:medicine.med.miami.edu
144:University of Georgia
111:University of Chicago
1678:HIV/AIDS researchers
1173:on November 15, 2017
1167:investors.gilead.com
732:10.1128/AAC.36.3.672
589:Atlanta Jewish Times
357:. September 26, 2014
208:Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi)
1215:2015Sci...348..622C
1199:"King of the pills"
617:. November 21, 2014
504:. February 13, 2017
412:"King of the pills"
148:University of Miami
31:Raymond F. Schinazi
18:Raymond F. Schinazi
1352:on January 9, 2019
1251:Biglawbusiness.com
1090:Patents.google.com
1065:Patents.google.com
1021:Patents.google.com
884:on October 3, 2021
770:. October 25, 2016
591:. December 6, 2016
535:on January 2, 2008
297:for $ 3.85 billion
146:(Atlanta, GA) and
95:University of Bath
1648:Egyptian refugees
1309:, pp. 7, 16.
1297:, pp. 15–16.
1197:Cohen, J (2015).
256:Honors and awards
35:medicinal chemist
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140:Atlanta, Georgia
39:Emory University
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104:William Prusoff
100:Yale University
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